International Journal of Production Economics最新文献_第2页

Applying sequential bifurcation and feed-forward simulation to reduce the prescriptive response time of a digital twin 应用顺序分岔和前馈模拟减少数字孪生的规定响应时间

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2026.109912

Ryan B. Walton, Frank W. Ciarallo, Lance E. Champagne

Recent advances in digital twin research have increasingly emphasized their role in real-time decision support for production and logistics systems, yet significant methodological gaps remain in enabling timely prescriptive analytics. This study addresses these gaps by proposing and evaluating an integrated approach that accelerates a digital twin’s ability to generate effective, computationally feasible decisions under dynamic operating conditions. This research envisions the digital twin as a decision support system capable of timely, relevant, and effective decision-making. To achieve this promise, the digital twin can describe its environment, predict future events, prescribe a course of action, and then actualize this course of action in the physical system. To ensure the decision is timely, relevant, and effective, the ability to quickly prescribe courses of action becomes paramount. This research addresses the fundamental trade-off between decision speed and depth of insight. Navigating this trade-off is facilitated by effective use of models to produce timely information, rapid identification of critical factors that drive decisions, and implementation of decisions when sufficient insight is available.

To address this need, the study integrates sequential bifurcation and feed-forward discrete event simulation to accelerate the digital twin’s ability to prescribe effective actions in real time. Sequential bifurcation efficiently narrows the decision space by identifying key input factors, while feed-forward simulation decomposes long simulations into shorter segments to enable earlier, partial decisions. Together, these methods significantly reduce prescriptive response time without compromising decision quality, supporting the digital twin’s role as a responsive decision support system. The paper also formalizes the trade-off between decision speed and depth of insight, offering a layered decision-making strategy to balance these competing demands. Experimental results demonstrate substantial improvements in decision timeliness and operational performance.

数字孪生体研究的最新进展越来越强调它们在生产和物流系统的实时决策支持中的作用，但在实现及时的规范性分析方面仍然存在重大的方法差距。本研究通过提出和评估一种集成方法来解决这些差距，该方法可以加速数字孪生体在动态操作条件下生成有效、计算可行决策的能力。本研究设想数字孪生作为一个决策支持系统能够及时，相关和有效的决策。为了实现这一承诺，数字孪生体可以描述其环境，预测未来事件，规定行动过程，然后在物理系统中实现这一行动过程。为了确保决策的及时性、相关性和有效性，快速制定行动方案的能力变得至关重要。本研究解决了决策速度和洞察力深度之间的基本权衡。通过有效地使用模型来产生及时的信息，快速识别驱动决策的关键因素，以及在有足够的洞察力时执行决策，可以促进这种权衡。为了满足这一需求，该研究集成了顺序分岔和前馈离散事件模拟，以加速数字孪生体实时规定有效行动的能力。序列分岔通过识别关键输入因素有效地缩小了决策空间，而前馈模拟将长模拟分解为更短的部分，以实现更早的部分决策。总之，这些方法在不影响决策质量的情况下显著减少了规定的响应时间，支持数字孪生作为响应性决策支持系统的角色。本文还形式化了决策速度和洞察力深度之间的权衡，提供了一种分层的决策策略来平衡这些相互竞争的需求。实验结果表明，在决策时效性和操作性能方面有了实质性的改进。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of financialization on firm resilience: A supply chain perspective 金融化对企业弹性的影响：供应链视角

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109899

Yinan Qi, Fei Liu

Amid the escalation of geopolitical tensions, economic turbulence, and global supply disruptions, financialization has emerged as an increasingly pivotal way to shape firm resilience. Previous research has predominantly concentrated on the risks associated with financialization at the individual firm level. This study explores the mechanisms through which financialization impacts firm resilience, both directly and via supply chain dynamics. Drawing on a comprehensive panel of dyadic (buyer-supplier) quarterly data from Chinese listed companies from 2016 to 2023, we discover that the financialization of the buyer (the focal firm of this study) significantly erodes its resilience. Moreover, buyer financialization has a spillover effect that induces supplier financialization, and in turn, supplier financialization undermines the resilience of the buyer. Further analysis reveals that supply chain relationship duration weakens the positive effect of buyer financialization on supplier financialization and alleviates the negative impact of supplier financialization on buyer firm resilience. This research contributes substantially to the literature on financialization, supply chain spillover, and firm resilience by revealing the interfirm dynamics that shape resilience outcomes. It also offers practical implications for managers seeking to balance financial investment strategies with supply chain stability under conditions of global uncertainty.

在地缘政治紧张局势升级、经济动荡和全球供应中断的背景下，金融化已成为塑造企业韧性的越来越重要的方式。以前的研究主要集中在单个公司层面上与金融化相关的风险。本研究探讨了金融化通过直接和通过供应链动态影响企业弹性的机制。利用2016年至2023年中国上市公司二元（买方-供应商）季度数据的综合面板，我们发现买方（本研究的重点公司）的金融化显著侵蚀了其弹性。此外，买方金融化具有溢出效应，导致供应商金融化，而供应商金融化反过来又破坏了买方的弹性。进一步分析发现，供应链关系持续时间削弱了买方金融化对供应商金融化的正向影响，缓解了供应商金融化对买方企业弹性的负向影响。本研究通过揭示影响弹性结果的企业间动态，对金融化、供应链溢出和企业弹性的文献做出了重大贡献。它还为寻求在全球不确定性条件下平衡金融投资战略与供应链稳定性的管理人员提供了实际意义。

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引用次数: 0

From networked control systems to supply chain cyber-security: A redundant channel approach for FDIA mitigation 从网络控制系统到供应链网络安全：缓解FDIA的冗余通道方法

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109893

Yi Yang

With the deeper integration of supply chains (SCs) and communication technologies, modern SCs are now facing cyber-security threats, particularly due to the increased connectivity and data vulnerabilities within networked environments. This study investigates the impacts of the cyber-attack, i.e. the false data injection attack (FDIA) on the SC and designs countermeasures to the FDIA. First, a novel SC framework is established from the control-theoretic perspective. The role of each member in the SC is conceptualized in accordance with the definition of the networked control system. Second, the FDIA is regarded as a distinctive SC risk, which is characterized by the malicious manipulation of transmitted data and the destruction of its authenticity. Third, the redundant channel strategy is employed to provide reliable communication channels that are free of cyber-attacks for emergency suppliers and temporary warehouses exchanging data with the decision centre. Furthermore, mixed integer programming models are proposed to determine countermeasures and optimize cyber-security investments. Through simulation-based analysis, the synergistic impacts of the FDIA on the SC performance under different cyber-attack intensities and different customer behaviours are examined. The results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed strategies in mitigating the adverse effects of the FDIA and improving SC resilience. The findings enhance the understanding of SC managers regarding the adoption of recovery strategies to mitigate cyber-attack risks. Moreover, the outcomes can be instructive for cyber-attackers when launching the FDIA in the SC context.

随着供应链和通信技术的深入融合，现代供应链正面临着网络安全威胁，特别是由于网络环境中连接性和数据漏洞的增加。本研究探讨了网络攻击，即虚假数据注入攻击（FDIA）对供应链的影响，并设计了针对FDIA的对策。首先，从控制理论的角度建立了一个新的供应链管理框架。根据网络控制系统的定义，对SC中每个成员的角色进行了概念化。其次，FDIA被视为一种独特的SC风险，其特征是对传输数据进行恶意操纵并破坏其真实性。第三，采用冗余通道策略，为应急供应商和与决策中心交换数据的临时仓库提供无网络攻击的可靠通信通道。在此基础上，提出了混合整数规划模型来确定对策和优化网络安全投资。通过仿真分析，考察了不同网络攻击强度和不同客户行为下FDIA对供应链绩效的协同影响。结果表明，所提出的策略在减轻FDIA的不利影响和提高SC弹性方面是有效的。研究结果增强了供应链管理人员对采用恢复策略以减轻网络攻击风险的理解。此外，研究结果对网络攻击者在SC环境下启动FDIA具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

A modeling and optimization approach to a tactical sugarcane harvest planning problem 战术甘蔗收获规划问题的建模与优化方法

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109896

Willy A. Oliveira Soler , Maristela Oliveira Santos , Rogério de Ávila Ribeiro Junqueira , Reinaldo Morabito

In this paper, we address a tactical sugarcane harvest planning problem commonly faced by industries that cultivate, harvest, and process sugarcane in Brazil and some other countries. The problem involves a single mill that must harvest sugarcane from several geographically dispersed areas (harvest blocks) using capacitated mechanized harvest fronts. The objective is to minimize the total costs of the harvest process while satisfying operational constraints, including capacity limits for transportation and harvesting. We propose a new mixed-integer programming (MIP) model and develop MIP-based constructive and improvement heuristic procedures. In the constructive phase, the method generates a strong dual bound and an initial feasible solution, while the improvement phase refines this solution to achieve higher quality. The efficiency of the proposed methods is evaluated through computational experiments using a dataset based on real-world scenarios. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis provides managerial insights by examining different harvest front configurations.

在本文中，我们解决了巴西和其他一些国家甘蔗种植、收获和加工行业普遍面临的战术甘蔗收获计划问题。这个问题涉及到一个单一的工厂，它必须从几个地理上分散的地区（收获区）使用有能力的机械化收获前线收割甘蔗。目标是在满足操作限制的同时，将收获过程的总成本降到最低，包括运输和收获的能力限制。提出了一种新的混合整数规划模型，并开发了基于混合整数规划的建设性和改进启发式程序。在构造阶段，该方法生成一个强对偶界和一个初始可行解，而改进阶段则对该解进行细化，以获得更高的质量。通过基于真实场景的数据集的计算实验，评估了所提出方法的效率。此外，敏感性分析通过检查不同的收获前端配置提供管理见解。

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引用次数: 0

Decision models for on-premises parcel lockers service revenue management 本地包裹寄存柜服务收益管理的决策模型

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109894

Seyed Sina Mohri , Hadi Ghaderi , Reza Zanjirani Farahani , Neema Nassir , Russell G. Thompson

On-premises parcel lockers (OPLs) have recently garnered attention as a convenient, safe, and secure parcel delivery solution in urban areas. Companies like Amazon Hub, GroundFloor, and My Parcel Locker have adopted basic Service Revenue Models (SRMs), providing OPLs in buildings under different contract arrangements, such as subscription models and annual partnership fees. However, high capital and ongoing costs impede the adoption of OPLs in small buildings. This study aims to develop advanced decision models for the revenue management of on-premises parcel lockers by developing extensions to the basic SRM. The extensions function by incorporating the concept of carriers paying a service fee and buildings receiving services through partnership agreements. Two distinct partnership scenarios are evaluated: (i) a building hosts the OPL while serving neighbouring buildings, and (ii) collaboration with the local government, where authorities establish shared OPLs in public space near designated buildings, promoting sustainable urban delivery. Alternative SRMs are formulated using novel optimisation techniques, and equilibrium points are identified and analytically evaluated to determine optimal service fees and contract durations. Using real-life data from Melbourne, this study compares the performance of these models under different scenarios. Using real-life data from Melbourne, this study compares the performance of the proposed models under various scenarios. While partnerships involving shared public OPLs supported by local governments remain the most cost-effective overall, incorporating modest land costs slightly reduces their advantage, though they continue to offer the most feasible and widely accepted solution.

本地包裹寄存柜（opl）作为城市地区方便、安全、可靠的包裹递送解决方案，最近引起了人们的关注。Amazon Hub、GroundFloor和My Parcel Locker等公司采用了基本服务收入模式（srm），在不同的合同安排下，如订阅模式和年度合作费用，为建筑物提供opl。然而，高昂的资本和持续的成本阻碍了在小型建筑物中采用opl。本研究旨在通过开发基本SRM的扩展，为本地包裹储物柜的收益管理开发先进的决策模型。扩展的功能是将运营商支付服务费和建筑物通过合作协议接受服务的概念结合在一起。评估了两种不同的合作方案：(i)一栋建筑在为邻近建筑提供服务的同时承载OPL，以及（ii）与当地政府合作，当局在指定建筑附近的公共空间建立共享的OPL，促进可持续的城市交付。采用新颖的优化技术制定了备选srm，确定并分析评估了平衡点，以确定最佳服务费用和合同期限。本研究使用来自墨尔本的真实数据，比较了这些模型在不同场景下的性能。使用来自墨尔本的真实数据，本研究比较了所提出的模型在不同场景下的性能。虽然由地方政府支持的涉及共享公共运营项目的伙伴关系总体上仍然是最具成本效益的，但纳入适度的土地成本会略微降低其优势，尽管它们仍然是最可行和被广泛接受的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Lean and organizational resilience: A discussion 精益和组织弹性：讨论

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109897

Guilherme Tortorella , Maneesh Kumar , Matthias Thürer , Tyson R. Browning , Peter Hines , David Romero , Andrea Furlan

Lean is widely regarded as a strategic management approach to increase competitiveness by systematically eliminating waste through the active involvement of employees. Nevertheless, during low-probability, high-impact disruptive events, many organizations utilizing Lean face severe negative implications, which raise doubts about Lean's effectiveness. This article aims to discuss how Lean impacts organizational resilience based on the concepts proposed by Biringer et al. (2013), who defined resilience capability through three categories: absorptive capability, adaptive capability, and restorative capability. Extensive debates among the authors and a narrative literature review were conducted, allowing for a deeper discussion and the formulation of research propositions. By discriminating the effects of Lean adoption across different capabilities, we can disentangle the Lean-resilience relationship. Overall, we argue that organizations with higher levels of Lean implementation may be able to adapt and restore more easily from severe disruptive events than organizations with lower implementation levels. In turn, organizations with lower levels of Lean implementation might present greater organizational slack that favors the absorption of the implications caused by such disruptions, which is less expected in high-Lean organizations. Our study disentangles the inherent paradox or tension in the relationship between Lean and resilience, showing that a time dimension is introduced by the different capabilities that explain the differing impacts of Lean. This leads to opportunities for further investigation of Lean and organizational resilience.

精益被广泛认为是一种战略管理方法，通过员工的积极参与，系统地消除浪费，从而提高竞争力。然而，在低概率、高影响的破坏性事件中，许多使用精益的组织面临着严重的负面影响，这使人们对精益的有效性产生了怀疑。本文旨在根据Biringer et al.（2013）提出的概念，讨论精益如何影响组织弹性。Biringer et al.（2013）通过吸收能力、适应能力和恢复能力三类来定义弹性能力。作者之间进行了广泛的辩论，并进行了叙述文献综述，允许更深入的讨论和研究命题的制定。通过区分不同能力对精益采用的影响，我们可以理清精益与弹性的关系。总体而言，我们认为精益实施水平较高的组织可能比实施水平较低的组织更容易适应和恢复严重的破坏性事件。反过来，精益实施水平较低的组织可能会表现出更大的组织松弛，这有利于吸收由这种中断引起的影响，这在高精益组织中是不太可能的。我们的研究解开了精益与弹性之间的内在矛盾或紧张关系，表明不同的能力引入了一个时间维度，解释了精益的不同影响。这为进一步研究精益和组织弹性提供了机会。

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引用次数: 0

Gold or gild: Does blockchain attention improve the efficiency of supply chain? 黄金还是黄金：关注bb0能提高供应链效率吗？

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109895

Jiali Zhu , Shiwei Sun , Peilun Li , Yichuan Wang , Di Mao

Blockchain technology has garnered significant attention in recent years, with the belief that it can enhance the efficiency of corporate supply chain management. Numerous Chinese listed companies have disclosed the application of supply chain technologies through their financial reports. This study explicitly addresses the research question: Does blockchain attention genuinely improve supply chain efficiency, or is it merely a symbolic response to institutional pressures? Using data from Chinese A-share listed firms from 2013 to 2021, we empirically examine the relationship between blockchain attention and supply chain efficiency (SCE), and test moderating effects of blockchain implementation cost and managers’ digital background. The findings reveal that: (1) blockchain attention is significantly negatively correlated with supply chain efficiency measured by inventory turnover rate, indicating that corporate technology disclosure is a gild disclosure under institutional pressure rather than substantive technological application; (2) the above correlated mechanism is also affected by the experience of executives in supply chain management, supply chain intensity, and the regional supply chain efficiency. This study challenges the optimistic expectations of blockchain technology, uncovers the dissipative path of technological alienation under institutional pressure. It also provides a theoretical basis for regulatory authorities to identify “fake innovation” disclosures and for enterprises to prudently implement digital transformation.

区块链技术近年来备受关注，人们相信它可以提高企业供应链管理的效率。许多中国上市公司在其财务报告中披露了供应链技术的应用。本研究明确地解决了研究问题：区块链关注是否真正提高了供应链效率，还是仅仅是对制度压力的象征性反应？本文利用2013 - 2021年中国a股上市公司的数据，实证检验了区块链关注与供应链效率的关系，并检验了区块链实施成本和管理者数字化背景的调节作用。研究发现：(1)区块链关注度与以库存周转率衡量的供应链效率呈显著负相关，说明企业技术披露是制度压力下的权责披露，而非实质性技术应用下的权责披露；(2)上述相关机制还受高管供应链管理经验、供应链强度和区域供应链效率的影响。本研究挑战了区块链技术的乐观预期，揭示了制度压力下技术异化的消散路径。为监管部门识别“假创新”信息披露和企业审慎实施数字化转型提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Supply chain structure and blockchain deployment strategies in competing supply chains 竞争供应链中的供应链结构与区块链部署策略

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109892

Tingting Wang , Shan Chang , Guoping Hu , Victor Shi

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative tool to enhance supply chain traceability, a critical concern in today’s business environment. This study develops game-theoretic models to analyze the interplay between supply chain structure and blockchain deployment strategies in competing supply chains. Our results show that vertical integration generally benefits a decentralized supply chain but can harm the competitor under most blockchain deployment strategies. In particular, when both competing supply chains deploy blockchain, they tend to adopt vertical integration. However, when only one decentralized chain deploys blockchain, its adoption of vertical integration may reduce profits for itself and its competitor, highlighting the strategic complexity of partial adoption. We further identify the equilibrium blockchain deployment strategies under different supply chain structures and demonstrate that these strategies depend on customer privacy concerns. We also show that both supply chains adopt vertical integration and blockchain when privacy concerns are low. However, they adopt vertical integration without blockchain when privacy concerns are high. Under moderate privacy concerns, blockchain adoption depends on the level of integration, with higher integration promoting its deployment. Finally, we find that vertical integration improves social welfare more effectively when both chains deploy blockchain. It also has a positive effect when only a single centralized chain deploys blockchain and privacy concerns are low. Overall, our findings provide valuable managerial insights for decision-makers when considering blockchain adoption in competitive settings, highlighting the critical role of supply chain structure and consumer privacy concerns.

区块链技术已成为增强供应链可追溯性的变革性工具，这是当今商业环境中一个关键问题。本研究建立博弈论模型，分析竞争供应链中供应链结构与区块链部署策略之间的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，垂直整合通常有利于分散的供应链，但在大多数区块链部署策略下可能会损害竞争对手。特别是，当两个竞争的供应链都部署区块链时，它们倾向于采用垂直整合。然而，当只有一个去中心化链部署区块链时，它采用垂直整合可能会降低自己和竞争对手的利润，突出了部分采用的战略复杂性。我们进一步确定了不同供应链结构下的均衡区块链部署策略，并证明了这些策略依赖于客户隐私问题。我们还表明，当隐私问题较低时，两个供应链都采用垂直整合和区块链。然而，当隐私问题比较严重时，他们采用不带区块链的垂直集成。在适度的隐私问题下，区块链的采用取决于集成水平，更高的集成促进其部署。最后，我们发现纵向整合在两链均配置区块链时，能更有效地改善社会福利。当只有单个集中式链部署区块链并且隐私问题较低时，它也具有积极作用。总体而言，我们的研究结果为决策者在考虑在竞争环境中采用区块链时提供了有价值的管理见解，突出了供应链结构和消费者隐私问题的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Channel selection for the manufacturer considering online firestorms in social commerce era 社交商务时代考虑网络风暴的制造商渠道选择

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109891

Yuhong Liu , Lu Zhang

Social commerce platforms integrate social interactions with e-commerce, presenting brand manufacturers with new distribution avenues. These platforms empower manufacturers to carry out digital content marketing but also subject them to increased uncertainty, particularly online firestorms, where the rapid spread of negative information harms brand reputation and performance. This paper employs differential game theory to investigate optimal pricing and marketing strategies across different channel expansion strategies, including no expansion (Strategy N), expansion to a new traditional e-commerce platform(Strategy TT), and expansion to a social commerce platform(Strategy TS), and analyzes the optimal strategy for a manufacturer already operating on a traditional e-commerce platform. Our results show, firstly, that when the occurrence probability and damage rate of online firestorms are high, both the manufacturer and the platform implement restoration strategies to counteract the firestorms, which may contribute to the enhancement of platform goodwill in the long run. In contrast, when the occurrence probability or damage rate is less significant, they employ resilience strategies to minimize negative consequences. Secondly, when the fixed cost of channel expansion is low and the commission rate is low, Strategy TS yields higher profits for the manufacturer. As the commission rate increases, Strategy TT becomes more advantageous and emerges as the preferred option. When either the fixed cost is high or the commission rate is excessively high, the manufacturer tends to favor Strategy N. Finally, expanding via Strategy TT may enhance the profitability of the incumbent platform, achieving a win-win situation for both parties.

社交电商平台将社交互动与电子商务相结合，为品牌厂商提供了新的分销渠道。这些平台使制造商能够进行数字内容营销，但也使他们面临越来越多的不确定性，特别是在线风暴，负面信息的迅速传播损害了品牌声誉和业绩。本文运用微分博弈论研究了不同渠道扩张策略下的最优定价和营销策略，包括不扩张（策略N）、扩张到新的传统电子商务平台（策略TT）和扩张到社交电子商务平台（策略TS），并分析了已经在传统电子商务平台上运营的制造商的最优策略。我们的研究结果表明：首先，当网络火暴的发生概率和损害率较高时，制造商和平台都采取恢复策略来抵消火暴，从长远来看，这可能有助于平台商誉的增强。相反，当发生概率或损害率较低时，他们采用弹性策略来最小化负面后果。其次，当渠道扩张的固定成本较低，佣金率较低时，TS策略为制造商带来更高的利润。随着佣金率的增加，策略TT变得更有优势，成为首选。当固定成本过高或佣金率过高时，制造商倾向于选择策略n。最后，通过策略TT进行扩张，可以提高现有平台的盈利能力，实现双方的双赢。

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引用次数: 0

Platform switching with manufacturer encroachment under online retailing and dual-purpose organizations 在线零售和双重用途组织下制造商侵占的平台切换

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109888

Song Huang, Yuhui Peng, Jinran Yu

This study examines the strategic interaction between an incumbent manufacturer’s agency encroachment and an online platform’s external switching in a platform supply chain. The dual-purpose platform, which considers both profit and consumer surplus, can switch to an outside manufacturer when facing the agency encroachment threat of the incumbent manufacturer. We consider the equilibrium strategy for the for-profit and dual-purpose platforms, to explore the impact of the dual-purpose concern, switching option, and agency encroachment on the firms’ profits and consumer surplus. Several interesting findings emerge from this study. First, unlike the for-profit platform, the dual-purpose platform’s switching strategy exhibits a non-trivial pattern for the switching cost. A high dual-purpose concern increases the platform’s switching motivation but inhibits the manufacturer’s agency encroachment incentive. Second, agency encroachment may benefit the platform owing to the additional commission income, and switching may hurt the platform. Importantly, the dual-purpose concern can positively affect the platform, which occurs when the agency encroachment is inhibited by dual purpose or switching. However, the pursuit of consumer surplus does not necessarily benefit consumers. Moreover, the incumbent manufacturer does not favor the dual-purpose platform scenario, particularly under the condition of high switching costs and low commissions. Finally, the extensions indicate that the incumbent manufacturer’s dual-purpose concern may show an opposite effect on the wholesale price and direct sales volume, thereby enhancing the incumbent manufacturer’s agency encroachment incentive; and imperfect product substitution weakens the dual-purpose platform’s ordering motivation.

本研究考察了平台供应链中在位厂商代理侵占与在线平台外部切换之间的战略互动关系。双重目的平台既考虑利润，又考虑消费者剩余，当面临现有厂商的代理侵占威胁时，可以转向外部厂商。我们考虑营利性和双重目的平台的均衡策略，探讨双重目的关注、切换选择和代理侵占对企业利润和消费者剩余的影响。这项研究产生了几个有趣的发现。首先，与营利性平台不同，双重用途平台的切换策略在切换成本上呈现出非平凡模式。高度的双重目的关注增加了平台的切换动机，但抑制了制造商的代理侵占动机。其次，代理侵占可能会使平台受益，因为额外的佣金收入，而切换可能会损害平台。重要的是，双重目的关注可以对平台产生积极影响，当代理侵犯被双重目的或转换抑制时，就会发生这种情况。然而，对消费者剩余的追求并不一定对消费者有利。此外，现有制造商不赞成双重用途平台方案，特别是在高转换成本和低佣金的情况下。最后，扩展表明在位制造商的双重目的关注可能对批发价格和直接销售量产生相反的影响，从而增强在位制造商的代理侵占激励；产品替代不完善削弱了双用途平台的订购动机。

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引用次数: 0