International Journal of Production Economics最新文献_第3页

Spatial evolution and influencing factors of new retail supply chain networks: Freshippo case study 新零售供应链网络的空间演化及其影响因素——以fresh ppo为例

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109884

Ershen Zhang , Guoen Wang , Pengliang Hu , Yajuan Zhou

Under the impetus of digitalization and globalization, the new retail model is profoundly reshaping the construction and operation of traditional supply and sales networks. Although existing research has examined either the production or the sales aspects of the retail industry, it still falls short in its analysis of the spatial dynamics and the underlying drivers of the integrated production-sales supply chain. In response to this gap, this study draws on a time-series dataset covering the period from 2019 to 2024 to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of the supply chain networks of China's leading new retail enterprise, Freshippo, in emerging markets. Furthermore, it aims to uncover transformations in both the structural configurations and the evolutionary mechanisms of these networks. We employ Geographical detectors and Pearson correlation analysis to analyze the factors influencing the formation of supply chain networks. The research results indicate that, through precise layout and collaborative efforts at both the production and sales sides, the supply chain of the new retail network has significantly improved in terms of quantity, scope, and efficiency. Moreover, the network formation model has expanded from local to regional and cross-regional scales, forming a multi-level, highly collaborative supply and sales system. Considering the impact of the pandemic, the expansion strategy of the supply chain network experienced rapid growth fueled by “contactless consumption” during the pandemic, shifting toward more refined management after the lifting of lockdowns. In addition, the intensity of network formation is significantly influenced by market consumption power, logistics and transportation capacity, and the digital environment, while agricultural production capacity and the natural environment exert significant inhibitory effects. Furthermore, both single-factor and multi-factor interactions have significant impacts on the spatial heterogeneity of network formation intensity. Within the integrated framework of location theory, diffusion theory, and platform governance, the research findings expand the theoretical boundaries of the evolution of new retail supply chains and provide both theoretical guidance and practical insights for analyzing their spatial organization and governance mechanisms.

在数字化和全球化的推动下，新零售模式正在深刻重塑传统供销网络的构建和运营。虽然现有的研究对零售业的生产和销售进行了考察，但对一体化产销供应链的空间动态和潜在驱动因素的分析仍然不足。针对这一差距，本研究利用2019年至2024年的时间序列数据，研究了中国领先的新零售企业fresh ppo在新兴市场的供应链网络的时空演变。此外，它旨在揭示这些网络的结构配置和进化机制的转变。我们运用地理探测器和Pearson相关分析来分析影响供应链网络形成的因素。研究结果表明，通过产销双方的精准布局和协同努力，新零售网络的供应链在数量、范围和效率上都得到了显著提升。网络形成模式从局部扩展到区域、跨区域，形成多层次、高度协同的供销体系。考虑到疫情的影响，供应链网络的扩张战略在疫情期间以“非接触式消费”为动力快速增长，在封城解除后转向更加精细化的管理。此外，网络形成强度受市场消费力、物流运输能力和数字环境的显著影响，而农业生产能力和自然环境的抑制作用显著。此外，单因素和多因素相互作用对网络形成强度的空间异质性均有显著影响。在区位理论、扩散理论和平台治理的整合框架下，研究成果拓展了新零售供应链演化的理论边界，为分析新零售供应链的空间组织和治理机制提供了理论指导和实践洞见。

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引用次数: 0

Unfolding AI’s strategic role in humanitarian supply chains: A fuzzy cognitive model aligned with SCOR-oriented performance and policy roadmapping 展现人工智能在人道主义供应链中的战略作用：与以得分为导向的绩效和政策路线图相一致的模糊认知模型

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109880

Behzad Masoomi, Maryam Radman, Majid Rafiee

Humanitarian Supply Chains (HSCs) face numerous challenges, including uncertainty, high dynamics, and resource constraints. The ongoing development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a promising avenue to transform SC processes and enhance HSC performance. This study examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence Facilitators (AIFs) on key performance metrics (PMs) within the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model in HSCs. Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs), we model the causal relationships between 13 AIFs and five SCOR indicators, incorporating expert knowledge under conditions of vagueness and hesitation. The Net Influence analysis identified predictive analytics (AIF1) as having the highest causal impact on aid management (SCOR5), with a score of 0.739. Other significant influences included population monitoring (AIF9) on reliability (SCOR1) at 0.724, and drones (AIF10) on aid management (SCOR5) at 0.706. Moderate impacts were observed from logistics optimization (AIF5) on agility (SCOR3) at 0.702, and resource allocation (AIF6) on accountability (SCOR2) and costs (SCOR4) at 0.682 and 0.663, respectively. To assess model robustness, five sensitivity scenarios were simulated using the Active Hebbian Learning (AHL) algorithm. A 10 % increase in causal strength (Scenario 1) resulted in notable improvements in agility and aid efficiency, while a 30 % increase in hesitation (Scenario 4) revealed vulnerabilities in population monitoring and needs assessment due to rising uncertainty. A key contribution of this research is developing a strategic roadmap that visually integrates high-impact AI enablers with SCOR PMs across three hierarchical levels, providing policymakers a data-driven framework for prioritizing AI implementation based on influence assessments and scenario insights.

人道主义供应链（hsc）面临诸多挑战，包括不确定性、高动态性和资源限制。人工智能（AI）的不断发展为改变SC流程和提高HSC性能提供了一条有前途的途径。本研究探讨了人工智能促进者（aif）对hsc供应链运营参考（SCOR）模型中关键绩效指标（pm）的影响。利用模糊认知图（FCMs），我们建立了13个aif与5个SCOR指标之间的因果关系模型，并纳入了模糊和犹豫条件下的专家知识。净影响分析确定预测分析（AIF1）对援助管理（SCOR5）具有最高的因果影响，得分为0.739。其他重要影响包括人口监测（AIF9）对可靠性（SCOR1）的影响为0.724，无人机（AIF10）对援助管理（SCOR5）的影响为0.706。物流优化（AIF5）对敏捷性（SCOR3）的影响为0.702，资源配置（AIF6）对问责性（SCOR2）和成本（SCOR4）的影响分别为0.682和0.663。为了评估模型的稳健性，使用主动Hebbian学习（AHL）算法模拟了五种敏感性情景。因果强度增加10%（情景1）导致敏捷性和援助效率显著提高，而犹豫度增加30%（情景4）表明，由于不确定性上升，人口监测和需求评估存在脆弱性。这项研究的一个关键贡献是制定了一个战略路线图，该路线图将高影响力的人工智能推动者与SCOR项目经理在三个层次上进行可视化整合，为决策者提供了一个基于影响评估和场景洞察的数据驱动框架，以优先考虑人工智能的实施。

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引用次数: 0

Direct selling, reselling or hybrid? Manufacturer's sales channel strategies in the context of online product reviews 直销、转售还是混合销售？在线产品评论下制造商的销售渠道策略

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109883

Zhenghua Deng , Xumei Zhang

Online product reviews (OPRs) exert a significant influence on consumers' purchasing decisions and play a crucial role in shaping the profitability of firms within supply chains. This study delves into the complexities of a manufacturer's optimal sales channel strategy in the context of OPRs. We analyze three sales channel modes: (a) maintaining both online and traditional channels (Dual-Channel Mode, Mode D), (b) abandoning the direct channel to focus on the traditional resale channel (Traditional-Only Channel Mode, Mode SR), and (c) abandoning the traditional channel to focus on the online direct channel (Direct-Only Channel Mode, Mode SM). We develop game-theoretical models to analyze the interplay between the manufacturer's channel choices and the retailer's pricing strategies. Our analysis reveals that when the effectiveness of OPRs is substantial, the manufacturer tends to favor either Mode SM or Mode D. In contrast, when OPRs are less influential, Mode SR generally yields greater benefits. Interestingly, we find that increased OPR accuracy does not necessarily result in clear-cut advantages for the manufacturer. Specifically, when OPR accuracy is low, the manufacturer prefers Mode SR; however, when OPR accuracy increases, Mode D tends to lead to greater profitability. We extend our model to examine channel cost differentiation, multiple competing retailers, and endogenous online review manipulation. Our primary findings remain robust across these extensions. Our study provides valuable insights for manufacturers when determining their optimal channel strategies in the presence of OPRs.

在线产品评论（OPRs）对消费者的购买决策产生重大影响，并在塑造供应链内企业的盈利能力方面发挥关键作用。本研究探讨了OPRs背景下制造商最优销售渠道策略的复杂性。我们分析了三种销售渠道模式：(a)同时维持在线和传统渠道（双渠道模式，模式D）， (b)放弃直接渠道，专注于传统转售渠道（传统唯一渠道模式，模式SR），以及(c)放弃传统渠道，专注于在线直接渠道（直销唯一渠道模式，模式SM）。我们建立了博弈论模型来分析制造商的渠道选择和零售商的定价策略之间的相互作用。我们的分析表明，当OPRs的有效性很大时，制造商倾向于选择模式SM或模式d。相反，当OPRs的影响较小时，模式SR通常会产生更大的效益。有趣的是，我们发现提高OPR精度并不一定会给制造商带来明确的优势。具体来说，当OPR精度较低时，制造商更倾向于采用SR模式；然而，当OPR精度增加时，模式D往往会带来更大的盈利能力。我们扩展了我们的模型来研究渠道成本差异、多个竞争零售商和内生的在线评论操纵。我们的主要发现仍然适用于这些扩展。我们的研究为制造商在opr存在的情况下确定最佳渠道策略提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Perishable inventory management under inventory level- and freshness-dependent demand and backroom effect 库存水平、新鲜度依赖需求和密室效应下的易腐库存管理

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109869

Ilgin Efe Senyuva , Melvin Drent , Zumbul Atan

Managing perishable inventory in grocery retailing is challenging due to limited shelf life and consumer expectations for freshness. We develop an optimization model to guide a retailer’s in-store replenishment process, where inventory is initially stored in a backroom before being moved to the shelf. Consumer demand is stochastic and depends on shelf-life and inventory level, and the retailer wants to maximize long-term discounted profit by determining optimal time to move inventory from the backroom to the shelf. We show that the optimal policy follows a threshold structure dependent on shelf inventory levels and product lifetimes. To simplify decision-making, we propose heuristics. Our analysis indicates that the optimal time to move products from backrooms to shelves is highly dependent on the characteristics of the products. The main driver of this decision is the shelf inventory level for products with long shelf-lives and small batches. On the other hand, for products with short shelf-lives and large batch-sizes, the main driver is the product lifetime. While mixing batches on the shelf can reduce waste under ideal backroom storage, displaying a single batch is more profitable when backroom deterioration is significant.

由于有限的保质期和消费者对新鲜度的期望，管理杂货零售中的易腐库存是具有挑战性的。我们开发了一个优化模型来指导零售商的店内补货流程，其中库存最初存储在后台，然后移动到货架上。消费者需求是随机的，取决于货架寿命和库存水平，零售商希望通过确定将库存从后屋转移到货架的最佳时间来最大化长期折扣利润。我们表明，最优策略遵循依赖于货架库存水平和产品寿命的阈值结构。为了简化决策，我们提出了启发式方法。我们的分析表明，将产品从密室转移到货架的最佳时间高度依赖于产品的特性。这一决定的主要驱动因素是货架库存水平的产品与长货架寿命和小批量。另一方面，对于保质期短、批量大的产品，主要驱动因素是产品寿命。虽然在理想的后置存储条件下，将批次混合在货架上可以减少浪费，但当后置存储严重恶化时，展示单个批次更有利可图。

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引用次数: 0

Managing consumer deliberation with demand investment under platform retailing 平台零售下用需求投资管理消费者决策

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109881

Li Bie , Song Huang , Yiwen Bian

This paper studies a manufacturer’s strategic incentives to manage consumer deliberation under platform retailing wherein either the manufacturer or the platform can engage in investment activities to enhance the market demand. Consumers, who are initially uncertain about the quality of the product on the platform, may incur deliberation costs to learn their true valuations. We establish a game-theoretic model to investigate the interplay between channel pricing and consumer deliberation with firm investments and its impact on channel equilibrium, and some nontrivial ramifications are derived. First, we find that consumers are less likely to engage in deliberation in the presence of investment, indicating the depression effect of demand-enhancing investment on consumers’ deliberation behaviors. Second, in the reselling format, the equilibrium channel strategy and the incentive provision for consumer deliberation depend primarily on the investment mode, investment efficiency, and deliberation cost. The manufacturer consistently provides an incentive to induce (inhibit) deliberation for a low (moderate) investment efficiency, independent of the deliberation cost. Third, firms have stronger incentives to induce deliberation by setting a higher price under manufacturer investment than under platform investment. And channel members’ investments do not necessarily benefit themselves, while the platform investment mode is always beneficial to consumer surplus. Finally, in the agency selling format, the highest thought-provoking price becomes suboptimal, and the platform benefits more from manufacturer investment than from platform investment when the commission rate is not excessively high. We further compare the two selling formats and find that the manufacturer prefers the reselling format if both the investment efficiency and the deliberation cost are high.

本文研究了在平台零售下，制造商或平台均可通过投资活动来提升市场需求的情况下，制造商管理消费者决策的战略激励。消费者最初对平台上的产品质量不确定，可能会产生考虑成本，以了解它们的真实估值。本文建立了一个博弈论模型，研究了渠道定价和消费者考虑与企业投资之间的相互作用及其对渠道均衡的影响，并得出了一些重要的结果。首先，我们发现在投资存在的情况下，消费者的审慎行为较少，说明需求增强型投资对消费者的审慎行为有抑制作用。第二，在转售模式下，均衡渠道策略和消费者审议的激励规定主要取决于投资方式、投资效率和审议成本。制造商始终如一地提供激励，以诱导（抑制）低（中等）投资效率的审议，独立于审议成本。第三，企业在制造商投资下比在平台投资下有更强的动机通过设定更高的价格来诱导考虑。渠道成员的投资并不一定有利于自己，而平台的投资模式总是有利于消费者剩余。最后，在代理销售模式下，最高的发人深省的价格成为次优，当佣金率不过高时，平台从制造商投资中获得的收益大于平台投资。我们进一步比较了两种销售模式，发现如果投资效率和审议成本都高，制造商更倾向于转售模式。

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引用次数: 0

Employee or influencer live streaming? A manufacturer’s strategy for virtual character adoption considering live streaming reviews 员工还是网红直播？考虑到直播评论，制造商采用虚拟角色的策略

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109882

Xiaoping Xu , Xinru Chen , Tsan-Ming Choi , T.C.E. Cheng

Live streaming operations are getting popular nowadays. Considering that a manufacturer sells its products to consumers via a live streaming channel, we investigate the manufacturer’s strategies for virtual character adoption, as well as live-streamer (i.e., employee or influencer) selection, considering live streaming reviews. Some important factors are identified to assess live streaming: (i) manufacturer’s quality improvement and live streaming reviews influencing consumers’ quality perception; (ii) influencer power and value, which reflect the influencer’s personal influence and content categories, respectively; and (iii) virtual character’s main characteristics, namely the virtual character’s intelligence level and product exposure power. We analyze five live streaming scenarios: merchant live streaming channel without virtual character (Scenario EN), merchant live streaming channel with virtual character (Scenario EV), influencer live streaming channel without virtual character (Scenario IN), influencer live streaming channel with virtual character (Scenario IV), and virtual character live streaming channel (Scenario V). Our findings show that for live-streamer selection, regardless of whether a virtual character is introduced, the manufacturer should select the employee (influencer) at the low (high) influencer power. However, without (with) virtual character, it should select the employee (influencer) at the moderate influencer power. Besides, under the high virtual character’s intelligence level (and its low cost factor), the influencer (manufacturer) should adopt the virtual character as the assistant of live-streamer. Moreover, whether to adopt Scenario V depends on the virtual character’s product exposure power and intelligence level in Scenarios EN, EV, and V, as well as its product exposure power, intelligence level, and influencer power in Scenarios IN, IV, and V. Finally, we consider the slice live streaming scenarios to encompass more scenarios.

如今，直播业务越来越受欢迎。考虑到制造商通过直播渠道向消费者销售其产品，我们调查了制造商采用虚拟角色的策略，以及考虑直播评论的直播者（即员工或影响者）选择。确定了评估直播的一些重要因素：(i)制造商的质量改进和直播评论影响消费者的质量感知；（ii）网红力量和价值，分别反映网红的个人影响力和内容类别；（三）虚拟人物的主要特征，即虚拟人物的智力水平和产品曝光力。我们分析了五种直播场景：无虚拟角色的商家直播通道（场景EN）、有虚拟角色的商家直播通道（场景EV）、无虚拟角色的网红直播通道（场景IN）、有虚拟角色的网红直播通道（场景IV）和虚拟角色直播通道（场景V）。我们的研究结果表明，对于直播选择，无论是否引入虚拟角色，制造商都应该选择影响者权力低（高）的员工（影响者）。而在没有（有）虚拟角色的情况下，应选择影响者权力适中的员工（影响者）。此外，在虚拟角色智力水平较高（成本因素较低）的情况下，网红（厂商）应该采用虚拟角色作为主播的助手。此外，是否采用场景V取决于虚拟角色在场景EN、EV、V中的产品曝光力、智能水平，以及在场景in、IV、V中的产品曝光力、智能水平、网红能力。最后，我们考虑切片直播场景包含更多的场景。

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引用次数: 0

Mediation effects in blockchain technology adoption for social sustainability: Pre- and post-adoption analysis of existing and future socially sustainable supply chains 区块链技术采用对社会可持续性的中介效应：现有和未来社会可持续供应链的采用前后分析

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109868

Ali Esfahbodi, Hakeem Omolade Sunmola

While blockchain technology offers promising potential for enhancing social sustainability in supply chains, its adoption and effective utilisation remain underexplored. This study, grounded in the dynamic capabilities view, investigates the role of social orientation and the cognitive mechanism of Perceived Usefulness in driving blockchain technology adoption, and its subsequent impact on future social practices and social performance across both pre- and post-adoption phases. Using a quantitative survey of UK manufacturing organisations, this study examines the mediating effects of existing social practices in the pre-adoption phase and future social practices in the post-adoption phase. Findings reveal that while social orientation positively influences blockchain adoption, this effect is partially mediated by existing social practices. Furthermore, blockchain implementation acts as a catalyst for the adoption of future social practices, which in turn mediates its impact on social performance. This study contributes to the operations and supply chain management body of literature by: 1) providing empirical evidence for the mediating role of social practices in the relationship between social orientation, blockchain adoption, and social performance; 2) highlighting the dynamic interplay between existing and future social practices in shaping the adoption and impact of blockchain technology, adopting a multi-stage approach that considers both pre- and post-adoption phases; and 3) providing managers with the strategic tool Blockchain Technology for Social Sustainability (BTSS) for leveraging blockchain for social sustainability.

虽然区块链技术为提高供应链中的社会可持续性提供了有希望的潜力，但其采用和有效利用仍未得到充分探索。本研究基于动态能力的观点，探讨了社会取向和感知有用性的认知机制在推动区块链技术采用中的作用，以及其在采用前和采用后两个阶段对未来社会实践和社会绩效的影响。通过对英国制造业组织的定量调查，本研究考察了采用前阶段的现有社会实践和采用后阶段的未来社会实践的中介效应。研究发现，虽然社会取向对区块链的采用有积极影响，但这种影响在一定程度上受现有社会实践的中介作用。此外，区块链的实施是采用未来社会实践的催化剂，这反过来又调解其对社会绩效的影响。本研究对运营与供应链管理文献主体的贡献在于：1)为社会实践在社会取向、区块链采用与社会绩效之间的中介作用提供了实证证据；2)强调现有和未来社会实践在影响区块链技术的采用和影响方面的动态相互作用，采用考虑采用前和采用后阶段的多阶段方法；3)为管理者提供区块链社会可持续发展技术（BTSS）战略工具，以利用区块链实现社会可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Generative AI in retail platform operations: Considering supplier effort exertion and consumer skepticism 零售平台运营中的生成式人工智能：考虑供应商努力消耗和消费者怀疑

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109870

Qiang Wang , Xinran Dai , Mingjun Li

In recent years, a growing number of retail platforms have integrated generative artificial intelligence (GAI) technology into their operations, as exemplified by Amazon’s GAI-powered “Rufus” shopping assistant and JD.com’s “JD Jingyan” intelligent recommendation system. However, alongside the proliferation of AI applications, some consumers have grown skeptical about the reliability of GAI. Against this backdrop, it remains unclear whether retail platforms should adopt GAI and what impacts such adoption may exert on heterogeneous suppliers, consumer surplus, and social welfare. To investigate these issues, this paper develops theoretical stylized models and derives some key managerial implications. The findings indicate that the retail platform will inevitably adopt GAI, as any suppliers who make efforts to effectively utilize GAI will benefit the platform. Moreover, when the proportion of GAI-skeptical consumers is relatively small or the effort cost is sufficiently low, one supplier’s investment in GAI utilization compels the rival to follow suit, leading to mutual effort exertion as the Nash equilibrium. Conversely, one supplier’s effort will induce its competitor to enter the market without exerting effort, resulting in a Nash equilibrium where only one supplier invests in GAI utilization. Besides, a brand supplier is more likely to exert effort in leveraging GAI and exerts more efforts than an ordinary supplier, particularly when market competition intensifies. While the ordinary supplier may only outperform the brand supplier in effort when market competition is relatively subdued. Finally, we demonstrate that GAI adoption ultimately enhances both consumer surplus and social welfare.

近年来，越来越多的零售平台将生成式人工智能（GAI）技术整合到他们的运营中，例如亚马逊的“鲁弗斯”购物助手和京东的“京东景岩”智能推荐系统。然而，随着人工智能应用的激增，一些消费者对人工智能的可靠性产生了怀疑。在这种背景下，零售平台是否应该采用GAI，以及这种采用可能对异质供应商、消费者剩余和社会福利产生什么影响，仍不清楚。为了研究这些问题，本文建立了理论化的模型，并得出了一些关键的管理启示。研究结果表明，零售平台将不可避免地采用GAI，因为任何努力有效利用GAI的供应商都将使平台受益。此外，当对GAI持怀疑态度的消费者比例相对较小或努力成本足够低时，供应商在GAI利用上的投入会迫使竞争对手效仿，从而产生相互努力的纳什均衡。相反，一个供应商的努力将诱导其竞争对手进入市场，而无需付出努力，从而产生纳什均衡，其中只有一个供应商投资于GAI利用。此外，品牌供应商在利用GAI方面比普通供应商更有可能付出努力，而且比普通供应商付出更多的努力，尤其是在市场竞争加剧时。而普通供应商只有在市场竞争相对缓和的情况下，才能在努力上胜过品牌供应商。最后，我们证明了GAI的采用最终提高了消费者剩余和社会福利。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing vaccination facility locations and capacity for pandemic response: A case study of Mashhad, Iran 优化疫苗接种设施地点和大流行应对能力：伊朗马什哈德的案例研究

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109865

Siamak Kheybari , Mohammad Reza Mehrpour , Nima Moradi , Maria Paola Scaparra

Strategic and tactical issues must be considered when determining the location of facilities for service provision during healthcare crises. This paper introduces a systematic multi-step approach for selecting the location of immunization centers and warehouses for medical supplies during a pandemic. Initially, the relevant strategic criteria encompassing infrastructure, environmental, and socio-demographic dimensions are identified from the literature. Expert opinions are then solicited through the Best-Worst Method to assess the importance of each criterion. In the third step, a Geographic Information System is employed to identify potential locations and their strategic cost based on these criteria. Finally, a Two-Echelon Capacitated Location Allocation Problem (2E-CLAP), integrating fairness and capacity considerations, is formulated to select optimal sites based on strategic costs utilizing the principles of the classic p-center and set covering problems. The model is solved using an enhanced multi-objective Genetic Algorithm. The methodology is validated through a case study to identify the location of vaccination facilities in Mashhad, Iran. The findings underscore the capability of the proposed approach to alleviate patient congestion at vaccination centers while concurrently optimizing the strategic criteria and ensuring comprehensive coverage for all city residents.

在确定医疗危机期间提供服务的设施位置时，必须考虑战略和战术问题。本文介绍了一种系统的多步骤方法，用于在大流行期间选择免疫中心和医疗用品仓库的位置。首先，从文献中确定了包括基础设施、环境和社会人口维度在内的相关战略标准。然后通过最佳最差方法征求专家意见，以评估每个标准的重要性。第三步，利用地理信息系统根据这些标准确定潜在地点及其战略成本。最后，利用经典的p-center和集合覆盖问题的原理，综合考虑公平性和容量因素，提出了基于战略成本的两梯次选址问题（2E-CLAP）。该模型采用增强型多目标遗传算法求解。通过确定伊朗马什哈德疫苗接种设施位置的案例研究验证了该方法。研究结果强调了所提出的方法在缓解疫苗接种中心患者拥堵的同时，优化战略标准并确保全面覆盖所有城市居民的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated strategic sourcing of critical raw materials in an era of global disruptions 在全球混乱的时代，关键原材料的综合战略采购

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109879

Tom Hunger , Philipp Jens Erfurth , Marlen Gabriele Arnold , Matthias Gerhard Wichmann

Geopolitical tensions pose a threat to the supply of critical raw materials (CRMs), which are highly concentrated in a small number of mining and processing countries. CRM-intensive technologies are driving growing demand for these materials and intensifying global competition for secure and reliable access. Some supplying countries pursue geopolitical interests that can restrict CRM availability. The combination of concentrated supply, rising demand, and geopolitical tensions underscores the need for strategies that enhance supply resilience. This article integrates supplier criticality into strategic sourcing to promote a more resilient and economically viable CRM supply for enterprises. This integration is implemented through the Dual Sourcing Raw Materials Lot Sizing Problem, which analyzes five criticality scenarios with four different spot market procurement shares in a silicon case study. Criticality is measured using the World Governance Indicators. The empirical results reveal that increasing procurement through spot markets significantly reduces dependency on critical suppliers and the associated supply risks. A central result is that supply disruptions caused by critical high-volume suppliers can increase total costs by up to 23 %, while higher spot market shares reduce this effect to approximately 10 %. Therefore, sourcing CRMs from spot markets increases the robustness of an enterprise's supplier portfolio while simultaneously reducing its dependency on critical suppliers. This article introduces an approach that links criticality with strategic sourcing and demonstrates quantitatively that dependencies on CRMs can be mitigated through spot market sourcing. Managerial implications follow for CRM-intensive sectors, where explicit spot-share targets can complement long-term contracting under geopolitical risk.

地缘政治紧张局势对关键原材料（CRMs）的供应构成威胁，这些原材料高度集中在少数采矿和加工国家。crm密集型技术正在推动对这些材料的需求不断增长，并加剧了对安全可靠访问的全球竞争。一些供应国追求地缘政治利益，可能会限制CRM的可用性。供应集中、需求上升和地缘政治紧张局势的结合，凸显了加强供应弹性战略的必要性。本文将供应商关键性整合到战略采购中，以促进企业更具弹性和经济可行性的CRM供应。这种整合是通过双采购原材料批量问题来实现的，该问题在硅案例研究中分析了四种不同现货市场采购份额的五种临界情况。重要性是用世界治理指标来衡量的。实证结果表明，通过现货市场增加采购显著降低了对关键供应商的依赖和相关的供应风险。一个重要的结果是，由关键的大批量供应商造成的供应中断可能会使总成本增加高达23%，而更高的现货市场份额将这种影响减少到约10%。因此，从现货市场采购crm增加了企业供应商组合的稳健性，同时减少了对关键供应商的依赖。本文介绍了一种将关键性与战略采购联系起来的方法，并定量地证明了通过现货市场采购可以减轻对crm的依赖。对crm密集型行业的管理影响也随之而来，在这些行业，明确的现货份额目标可以补充地缘政治风险下的长期合同。

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引用次数: 0