The estimation of biomass and cover is an ideal variable for determining ecosystem productivity, vegetation abundance, and community structure of any ecosystem. Biomass estimation by harvest method causes a huge loss of biomass and biodiversity. Non-destructive methods are helpful for repeated and regular sampling of the same plot to measure any change in biomass at the fixed time interval. There are already several regression equations established between biomass and cover in various ecosystems for finding above-ground biomass but there was an urgent need for such studies in dry tropical grasslands. The experiment was performed in the entire campus of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. 115 Quadrats were sampled in the entire university campus during year 2019-2020. For each quadrat, species-wise individual numbers were recorded and above-ground biomass was estimated by harvest method. Herbage cover was recorded for each species and measured by gridding each 1×1 m2 quadrat into 100 cells of 10 × 10 cm cells, each representing 1% cover. We found 59 herbaceous species of 28 different families. The family Asteraceae was the most common while only single species represented the other seventeen families. Most of the species like Dichanthium annulatum, Sida acuta, Ageratum conyzoides, Malvastrum coromandelianum, Rungia pectinate, and Vernonia cinerea showed linear regression equation, Parthenium hysterophorus, Alternenthera sessilis, Boerhavia diffusa showed quadratic polynomial trendlines. Species like Zephyranthes citrina and Ruellia tuberosa showed a power regression equation. Only Andrographis paniculata, and Chenopodium album showed an exponential regression equation. A power regression equation was found between pooled biomass and cover. Using the regression equations biomass of the listed 59 species could be calculated easily without disturbing the vegetation of the study area which will eventually help in the conservation of nature.
{"title":"Unraveling the Relationship between Percentage Cover and Biomass of Various Herbaceous Species in the Dry Tropical Grassland","authors":"Alka Gupta, R. Sagar, Aakansha Pandey","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i02.05","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of biomass and cover is an ideal variable for determining ecosystem productivity, vegetation abundance, and community structure of any ecosystem. Biomass estimation by harvest method causes a huge loss of biomass and biodiversity. Non-destructive methods are helpful for repeated and regular sampling of the same plot to measure any change in biomass at the fixed time interval. There are already several regression equations established between biomass and cover in various ecosystems for finding above-ground biomass but there was an urgent need for such studies in dry tropical grasslands. The experiment was performed in the entire campus of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. 115 Quadrats were sampled in the entire university campus during year 2019-2020. For each quadrat, species-wise individual numbers were recorded and above-ground biomass was estimated by harvest method. Herbage cover was recorded for each species and measured by gridding each 1×1 m2 quadrat into 100 cells of 10 × 10 cm cells, each representing 1% cover. We found 59 herbaceous species of 28 different families. The family Asteraceae was the most common while only single species represented the other seventeen families. Most of the species like Dichanthium annulatum, Sida acuta, Ageratum conyzoides, Malvastrum coromandelianum, Rungia pectinate, and Vernonia cinerea showed linear regression equation, Parthenium hysterophorus, Alternenthera sessilis, Boerhavia diffusa showed quadratic polynomial trendlines. Species like Zephyranthes citrina and Ruellia tuberosa showed a power regression equation. Only Andrographis paniculata, and Chenopodium album showed an exponential regression equation. A power regression equation was found between pooled biomass and cover. Using the regression equations biomass of the listed 59 species could be calculated easily without disturbing the vegetation of the study area which will eventually help in the conservation of nature.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rana Eram, Aditya A. Singh, Nikhita Bharti, Tanuja .
Anthropogenic activities, industrialization, and urbanization have contributed extensively to the enhanced pollution levels in theenvironment. Along with soil and water pollution, air pollution is also escalating and contamination with heavy metals (HMs) isdangerous for the environment since it has negative impacts on people, animals, plants, and the ecosystem. HMs derive their origin from natural and anthropogenic sources. Commercial activities like processing of metals, mining, automobiles, geothermal energy plants, manufacturing industries, tanning, dyeing and plating are the sources of HM contamination. The non biodegradable, permanent inorganic chemical components recognized as HMs are typically harmful at small doses even in humans. HM toxicity leads to carcinogenic effects, developmental and reproductive damage, cardiovascular ailments, haematological, respiratory and nervous system disorders, inflammation and gastrointestinal troubles etc. The absorption and accretion of these metals cause oxidative stress and molecular damage, cytotoxic and mutagenic effects, growth reduction and physiological disorder in plants. Therefore considering their toxic effects, various mechanical as well as physio-chemical technologies are employed for metal removal from the air, water and soil but these techniques have their own limitations and environmental consequences. Hence, phytoremediation is considered an innovative, potentially promising technology employing majorly green plants. The various phytoremediation techniques involve phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, phytotransformation, phytovolitization, and rhizofiltration. Employing these techniques, plants can remove contaminants through a variety of processes, including adsorption, absorption, transport and translocation, hyper-accumulation, transformation, and mineralization. While phytoremediation of air pollutants is still an emerging technology, assimilation properties of plants to convert a toxicant into non-toxic forms have been used extensively for phytoremediation of air. Plants like Morus alba and Eucalyptus globulus can efficiently remove metallic pollutants from air. Moreover, aquatic macrophytes like Eichhornia crassipes,Spirodela polyrhiza, Pistia stratiotes, Azolla, Lemna minor, and Salvinia herzogii are potentially used for cleanup of the HMs in water, while Brassica juncea, Thlaspi caerulescens, Jatropha curcas, Pteris vittata, Vetiveria zizanioides, Gentiana pennelliana, Ambrossia artemisifolia etc. display tremendous well known phytoremediation activity in soil. Phytoremediation is an innovative, aesthetically pleasing, nonintrusive, sustainable and cost-effective technology. Furthermore, due to the disadvantages like high maintenance cost, extensive labor requirement and risks involved in existing conventional technologies associated with pollution abatement, phytoremediation technique can act as a potential, cost-effective and efficient method for water, soil as
{"title":"Phytoremediation Technology for Heavy Metal Removal from the Environment","authors":"Rana Eram, Aditya A. Singh, Nikhita Bharti, Tanuja .","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic activities, industrialization, and urbanization have contributed extensively to the enhanced pollution levels in theenvironment. Along with soil and water pollution, air pollution is also escalating and contamination with heavy metals (HMs) isdangerous for the environment since it has negative impacts on people, animals, plants, and the ecosystem. HMs derive their origin from natural and anthropogenic sources. Commercial activities like processing of metals, mining, automobiles, geothermal energy plants, manufacturing industries, tanning, dyeing and plating are the sources of HM contamination. The non biodegradable, permanent inorganic chemical components recognized as HMs are typically harmful at small doses even in humans. HM toxicity leads to carcinogenic effects, developmental and reproductive damage, cardiovascular ailments, haematological, respiratory and nervous system disorders, inflammation and gastrointestinal troubles etc. The absorption and accretion of these metals cause oxidative stress and molecular damage, cytotoxic and mutagenic effects, growth reduction and physiological disorder in plants. Therefore considering their toxic effects, various mechanical as well as physio-chemical technologies are employed for metal removal from the air, water and soil but these techniques have their own limitations and environmental consequences. Hence, phytoremediation is considered an innovative, potentially promising technology employing majorly green plants. The various phytoremediation techniques involve phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, phytotransformation, phytovolitization, and rhizofiltration. Employing these techniques, plants can remove contaminants through a variety of processes, including adsorption, absorption, transport and translocation, hyper-accumulation, transformation, and mineralization. While phytoremediation of air pollutants is still an emerging technology, assimilation properties of plants to convert a toxicant into non-toxic forms have been used extensively for phytoremediation of air. Plants like Morus alba and Eucalyptus globulus can efficiently remove metallic pollutants from air. Moreover, aquatic macrophytes like Eichhornia crassipes,Spirodela polyrhiza, Pistia stratiotes, Azolla, Lemna minor, and Salvinia herzogii are potentially used for cleanup of the HMs in water, while Brassica juncea, Thlaspi caerulescens, Jatropha curcas, Pteris vittata, Vetiveria zizanioides, Gentiana pennelliana, Ambrossia artemisifolia etc. display tremendous well known phytoremediation activity in soil. Phytoremediation is an innovative, aesthetically pleasing, nonintrusive, sustainable and cost-effective technology. Furthermore, due to the disadvantages like high maintenance cost, extensive labor requirement and risks involved in existing conventional technologies associated with pollution abatement, phytoremediation technique can act as a potential, cost-effective and efficient method for water, soil as","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niranjan Mishra, Suman Patra, Babita Kumari, Neelu Lodhiyal, Sandip K. Behera
Niyamgiri and Kotgah Wildlife Sanctuary are part of the Eastern Ghats located at Odisha. The altitude range of these mountain ranges between 400–1516 m shows the diversity of vegetation due to their undulating mountain peaks, deep gorges, valleys and numerous springs. Three species viz., Amblovenatum opulentum (Kaulf.) J. P. Roux, Pronephrium articulatum (Houlston & T. Moore) Holttum and Sphaerostephanos hirtisorus (C. Chr.) Holttum (Family: Thelypteridaceae) collected from Niyamgiri hill and Kotgarh Wildlife Sanctuary are recorded for the first time from Odisha state. The same are documented here with taxonomic details and photographs of herbaria
Niyamgiri和Kotgah野生动物保护区是位于奥里萨邦的东高止山脉的一部分。这些山脉海拔400-1516米，山峰起伏，峡谷深谷，泉水众多，植被多样性明显。三种，即:黄叶蝉。J. P. Roux，《关节原体》(Houlston &T.摩尔)霍尔特姆和青花球(C. Chr.)在奥里萨邦的Niyamgiri山和Kotgarh野生动物保护区首次记录了虎苔科虎苔属植物。这里同样记录了分类细节和植物标本馆的照片
{"title":"New Distributional Records of Three Rare Ferns from Odisha, India","authors":"Niranjan Mishra, Suman Patra, Babita Kumari, Neelu Lodhiyal, Sandip K. Behera","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i02.08","url":null,"abstract":"Niyamgiri and Kotgah Wildlife Sanctuary are part of the Eastern Ghats located at Odisha. The altitude range of these mountain ranges between 400–1516 m shows the diversity of vegetation due to their undulating mountain peaks, deep gorges, valleys and numerous springs. Three species viz., Amblovenatum opulentum (Kaulf.) J. P. Roux, Pronephrium articulatum (Houlston & T. Moore) Holttum and Sphaerostephanos hirtisorus (C. Chr.) Holttum (Family: Thelypteridaceae) collected from Niyamgiri hill and Kotgarh Wildlife Sanctuary are recorded for the first time from Odisha state. The same are documented here with taxonomic details and photographs of herbaria","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arti Chauhan, Priyanka Sharma, Anjala Durgapal, Subhash Chandra
Ethnobotany is an applied multidisciplinary science in which we not only systemically study inter-relations between human and plant kingdom but also has applications in many fields, including food industry, climate change, biodiversity conservation, and human health. Ethnobotanical plants form an integral part of human life. Many medicinal and aromatic plants are used by locals and nomadic people, which come from a wild source. According to Atharva-Veda, Cannabis is one of the most sacred plants.Perfect development provides insurance for health and healthy life and maintains stability in the ecosystem. If we deeply observe our different traditions, we will find that every ritual shows the close relationship of humans with nature. There are a number of natural ingredients used for performing different rituals. Cannabis is the plant that is commonly known as “Bhang”. Cannabis has been traditionally associated with lord “Shiva” worship. There are various stories behind these rituals mentioned in various mythology books. In this research, we focus on this plant’s ethnomedicinal value and assessed the antidiabetic potential of Cannabis sativa, an ethnobotanical plant of Ranikhet tehsil, by in-silico method. Hence, we conducted molecular docking of phytochemicals with molecular antidiabetic targets, alpha-amylase. The aim of this paper is an in-silico study of the C. sativa’s phytochemicals on the glucose metabolism related to alpha-amylase. From our study, we hope to find potential phytochemicals which could be useful in treating diabetes problems
{"title":"In-silico Study of Phytochemicals of Ethnobotanical Plant Cannabis sativa for Anti-Diabetic Potential","authors":"Arti Chauhan, Priyanka Sharma, Anjala Durgapal, Subhash Chandra","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnobotany is an applied multidisciplinary science in which we not only systemically study inter-relations between human and plant kingdom but also has applications in many fields, including food industry, climate change, biodiversity conservation, and human health. Ethnobotanical plants form an integral part of human life. Many medicinal and aromatic plants are used by locals and nomadic people, which come from a wild source. According to Atharva-Veda, Cannabis is one of the most sacred plants.Perfect development provides insurance for health and healthy life and maintains stability in the ecosystem. If we deeply observe our different traditions, we will find that every ritual shows the close relationship of humans with nature. There are a number of natural ingredients used for performing different rituals. Cannabis is the plant that is commonly known as “Bhang”. Cannabis has been traditionally associated with lord “Shiva” worship. There are various stories behind these rituals mentioned in various mythology books. In this research, we focus on this plant’s ethnomedicinal value and assessed the antidiabetic potential of Cannabis sativa, an ethnobotanical plant of Ranikhet tehsil, by in-silico method. Hence, we conducted molecular docking of phytochemicals with molecular antidiabetic targets, alpha-amylase. The aim of this paper is an in-silico study of the C. sativa’s phytochemicals on the glucose metabolism related to alpha-amylase. From our study, we hope to find potential phytochemicals which could be useful in treating diabetes problems","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Srilatha R. Gantala, Shilpa Kalukuri, Wilcina G. Dommat, Vaishnavi Volukula, Srijitha Gangi, Varshitha Saval, Prawan Koppula
Acalypha indica is found extensively in India and the Indian subcontinent. The whole plant has medicinal values with many ethnobotanical importance which has been described in many ancient and modern literatures. Most medicinal and therapeutic capabilities are present in leaves compared to other plant parts such as roots, stems, seeds and flowers. Various studies have been proposed to establish the therapeutic capabilities of the Indian Copper leaf plant (Acalypha indica). This research paper focuses on studying different phytochemicals present in acetone and hydro-alcohol leaf extracts of Acalypha indica with quantification of Phenol and Flavonoid content in the plant extracts. This experimental evidence also quantifies the antioxidant properties by DPPH methodology for given extracts and the plants’ importance as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The study also gives insight into the capability of the solvent extracts for the greener synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP’s) from molecular silver solution with characterization and morphological characteristics of synthesized silver nanoparticles.
{"title":"Therapeutic and Biological Aspects of Leaf Extracts from Indian Copper leaf Plant (Acalypha Indica)","authors":"Srilatha R. Gantala, Shilpa Kalukuri, Wilcina G. Dommat, Vaishnavi Volukula, Srijitha Gangi, Varshitha Saval, Prawan Koppula","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i02.07","url":null,"abstract":"Acalypha indica is found extensively in India and the Indian subcontinent. The whole plant has medicinal values with many ethnobotanical importance which has been described in many ancient and modern literatures. Most medicinal and therapeutic capabilities are present in leaves compared to other plant parts such as roots, stems, seeds and flowers. Various studies have been proposed to establish the therapeutic capabilities of the Indian Copper leaf plant (Acalypha indica). This research paper focuses on studying different phytochemicals present in acetone and hydro-alcohol leaf extracts of Acalypha indica with quantification of Phenol and Flavonoid content in the plant extracts. This experimental evidence also quantifies the antioxidant properties by DPPH methodology for given extracts and the plants’ importance as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The study also gives insight into the capability of the solvent extracts for the greener synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP’s) from molecular silver solution with characterization and morphological characteristics of synthesized silver nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumanta Sen, Atal B. Singh, Jyotirmaya Sahoo, Alok K. Moharana, Nalini K. Sahoo, Madhusmita Sahu
Bauhinia acuminata is a type of angiosperm in the Fabaceae family, native to South and Southeast Asia, South China, Burma, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The common names include B. acuminata, mountain ebony, camel’s foot tree, kachnar, and butterfly ash. Angiosperm tree could be widely used as a medicinal plant common in tropical regions. Flowers, buds, stems, roots, bark, seeds, and leaves have been used to treat many ailments since ancient times. NSAIDs are one of the most important classes of drugs used today, and several clinical problems require long-term use. As a result of long-term use, side effects, especially stomach ulcers, can worsen the patient’s clinical symptoms. So there is a requirement to go for painkillers, but it is not related to problems even with chronic use. The literature says that a lot of analytical work has been done on this plant, but none of it has been evaluated for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. An aqueous ethanolic extract was prepared and its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects were evaluated in animal models. The results showed that the flower extract at 200 mg/kg dose had significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects compared to the medicinal active drugs.
{"title":"Phyto-Pharmacological Investigation of Ethanolic Extract of Flowers of Bauhinia acuminata","authors":"Sumanta Sen, Atal B. Singh, Jyotirmaya Sahoo, Alok K. Moharana, Nalini K. Sahoo, Madhusmita Sahu","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i02.11","url":null,"abstract":"Bauhinia acuminata is a type of angiosperm in the Fabaceae family, native to South and Southeast Asia, South China, Burma, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The common names include B. acuminata, mountain ebony, camel’s foot tree, kachnar, and butterfly ash. Angiosperm tree could be widely used as a medicinal plant common in tropical regions. Flowers, buds, stems, roots, bark, seeds, and leaves have been used to treat many ailments since ancient times. NSAIDs are one of the most important classes of drugs used today, and several clinical problems require long-term use. As a result of long-term use, side effects, especially stomach ulcers, can worsen the patient’s clinical symptoms. So there is a requirement to go for painkillers, but it is not related to problems even with chronic use. The literature says that a lot of analytical work has been done on this plant, but none of it has been evaluated for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. An aqueous ethanolic extract was prepared and its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects were evaluated in animal models. The results showed that the flower extract at 200 mg/kg dose had significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects compared to the medicinal active drugs.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ganesh B. Irulappan, Geetha Natesan, I. A. Padikasan
Rubber clones especially high yielding clones (RRII 105, PCK2, PB 217, and GT 1) are considered to be susceptible to Tapping Panel Dryness (TPD) syndrome. The main objective of this study was to find the significance of TPD associated genes in rubber tree and their expression of mRNA transcript level by Real Time PCR and Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR. A total of 15 TPD associated candidate genes were screened by RT-real time PCR. Among these, 8 candidate genes were analysed by Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR. RT-real time PCR result revealed that among 15 genes screened, mRNA transcript level of 3 genes (TOM 20, TCTP, and Myb 1) was down-regulated significantly in various TPD affected clones of rubber tree compared to healthy and their expression pattern was altered in different rubber clones due to various degrees of TPD tolerance. Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR results proved a down-regulation of five genes (TOM 20, TCTP, Myb 1, ABC, and PT2) in the TPD tree in comparison to the healthy tree. The findings of this study confirmed that the mRNA transcript levels of the TOM 20, TCTP, and Myb 1 genes were significantly lower in various rubber clones that had been affected by TPD and also suggested that these genes may be crucial for the development of TPD, which results in impaired latex biosynthesis in rubber trees.
橡胶无性系，特别是高产无性系(RRII 105、PCK2、PB 217和GT 1)被认为易患攻丝板干燥(TPD)综合征。本研究的主要目的是通过Real - Time PCR和半定量RT-PCR检测橡胶树TPD相关基因及其mRNA转录水平表达的意义。RT-real - time PCR共筛选到15个TPD相关候选基因。其中8个候选基因采用半定量RT-PCR进行分析。RT-real - time PCR结果显示，在筛选到的15个基因中，3个基因(TOM 20、TCTP和myb1) mRNA转录量在橡胶树不同的TPD感染无性系中较健康无性系显著下调，且由于TPD耐受程度不同，它们在不同橡胶无性系中的表达模式发生改变。半定量RT-PCR结果证实，与健康树相比，TPD树中有5个基因(tom20、TCTP、myb1、ABC和PT2)表达下调。本研究结果证实，在受TPD影响的橡胶无性系中，tom20、TCTP和myb1基因的mRNA转录水平显著降低，也表明这些基因可能对TPD的发生至关重要，从而导致橡胶树乳胶生物合成受损。
{"title":"Molecular Investigation on Expression Analysis of Tapping Panel Dryness (TPD) Syndrome Associated Genes in Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.)","authors":"Ganesh B. Irulappan, Geetha Natesan, I. A. Padikasan","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Rubber clones especially high yielding clones (RRII 105, PCK2, PB 217, and GT 1) are considered to be susceptible to Tapping Panel Dryness (TPD) syndrome. The main objective of this study was to find the significance of TPD associated genes in rubber tree and their expression of mRNA transcript level by Real Time PCR and Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR. A total of 15 TPD associated candidate genes were screened by RT-real time PCR. Among these, 8 candidate genes were analysed by Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR. RT-real time PCR result revealed that among 15 genes screened, mRNA transcript level of 3 genes (TOM 20, TCTP, and Myb 1) was down-regulated significantly in various TPD affected clones of rubber tree compared to healthy and their expression pattern was altered in different rubber clones due to various degrees of TPD tolerance. Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR results proved a down-regulation of five genes (TOM 20, TCTP, Myb 1, ABC, and PT2) in the TPD tree in comparison to the healthy tree. The findings of this study confirmed that the mRNA transcript levels of the TOM 20, TCTP, and Myb 1 genes were significantly lower in various rubber clones that had been affected by TPD and also suggested that these genes may be crucial for the development of TPD, which results in impaired latex biosynthesis in rubber trees.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87148455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present investigation, three sets of hydroponic experiments were designed to explore the bioaccumulation abilities of multi-metals in the aquatic weed plant, Salvinia molesta. In these experiments, one set of plants was treated with fly ash, a second set of plants wastreated with multi-metal solution (1 mM concentration) which was prepared by mixing salts of different metals in a nutrient solution, and in the third set, plants were kept in a nutrient solution without any exposure for control data. Metal accumulation in plants wasobserved in all three sets. However, S. molesta proved to be highly efficacious for copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) removal (>50%), and to a lesser extent for zinc (Zn) (34–44%), lead (Pb) (35-54%), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) (below 30%) elimination from both the contaminatedwaters. The biomass was also reduced by up to 17.8 % in multi-metal solution as compared to the control. A slight increment in biomass of fly ash treatment indicates the availability of essential elements through metal-endowed fly ash. Reduction in chlorophyll contentsw content in multi-metal solution indicates oxidative stress generated due to membrane damage. Overall outcomes accrued through this study evinced that Salvinia molesta could be exploited in the simultaneous accretion of multiple metals from tainted wastewater.It could also be utilized as an ecological indicator in the assessment of metal-contaminated habitats.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Multi-metals and Associated Oxidative Stress in Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell","authors":"K. Sharma, P. Saxena, A. Kumari","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.10","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation, three sets of hydroponic experiments were designed to explore the bioaccumulation abilities of multi-metals in the aquatic weed plant, Salvinia molesta. In these experiments, one set of plants was treated with fly ash, a second set of plants wastreated with multi-metal solution (1 mM concentration) which was prepared by mixing salts of different metals in a nutrient solution, and in the third set, plants were kept in a nutrient solution without any exposure for control data. Metal accumulation in plants wasobserved in all three sets. However, S. molesta proved to be highly efficacious for copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) removal (>50%), and to a lesser extent for zinc (Zn) (34–44%), lead (Pb) (35-54%), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) (below 30%) elimination from both the contaminatedwaters. The biomass was also reduced by up to 17.8 % in multi-metal solution as compared to the control. A slight increment in biomass of fly ash treatment indicates the availability of essential elements through metal-endowed fly ash. Reduction in chlorophyll contentsw content in multi-metal solution indicates oxidative stress generated due to membrane damage. Overall outcomes accrued through this study evinced that Salvinia molesta could be exploited in the simultaneous accretion of multiple metals from tainted wastewater.It could also be utilized as an ecological indicator in the assessment of metal-contaminated habitats.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90937957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anaemia is still common in India, and its prevalence has increased across all age groups. The prevalence of anaemia has increased by 2–9% among infants, pregnant and non-pregnant women, and men, according to data from the National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5)released on November 24, 2021. For over 2000 years, the Unani system of Medicine (USM) a unique and comprehensive medical system, has ruled in terms of theory and practise. Its beliefs and practises differ from western medicine and may not be completely associatedwith it, but they are still significant because they are well-considered, comprehensive, and advocate for a holistic approach to health care. The data was collected from 17 ancient Unani books, the Indian Pharmacopoeia of Unani, and other manuscripts. Unani systemrecommends specific diet and Unani drugs for the prevention and intervention of Anaemia.
{"title":"Prevention and Control of Anaemia by Unani Intervention","authors":"Dr. Safder Husain, A. M. Sherwani","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.14","url":null,"abstract":"Anaemia is still common in India, and its prevalence has increased across all age groups. The prevalence of anaemia has increased by 2–9% among infants, pregnant and non-pregnant women, and men, according to data from the National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5)released on November 24, 2021. For over 2000 years, the Unani system of Medicine (USM) a unique and comprehensive medical system, has ruled in terms of theory and practise. Its beliefs and practises differ from western medicine and may not be completely associatedwith it, but they are still significant because they are well-considered, comprehensive, and advocate for a holistic approach to health care. The data was collected from 17 ancient Unani books, the Indian Pharmacopoeia of Unani, and other manuscripts. Unani systemrecommends specific diet and Unani drugs for the prevention and intervention of Anaemia.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89519105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vijay Kumar, R. S. Thapa, Naresh Kumar, S. K. Singh
Ten parental lines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum Mill.) were crossed in 10 x 10 diallel mating plan barring reciprocals. The 45 F1 hybrids along with their parents and one standard check (Pusa Ruby) were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. This study relevant that heterosis over the better parent, mid-parent, standard check and inbreeding depression was observed for all the traits under study. Highly significant heterosis was observed for Days to first flowering (-18.35, -14.42 and -3.30%), Days to 50% fruiting (-13.41, -12.30 and -6.71%), Fruit diameter (41.20, 46.07 and 35.57%), fruits length (49.20, 63.23 and 5.98%), Average fruit weight (59.26, 66.89 and 26.72%), Number of fruits per plant (135.19, 159.63 and 80.67%), Number of fruits per cluster (54.55, 54.55 and 80.02%) and total yield per plant (123.71, 146.41 and 99.13%) over the better, mid and standard parents, respectively along with considerable inbreeding depression. The most promising cross EC-165700 × EC-164563 appeared intensely noteworthy positive heterosis over way better parent for total yield per plant. These Heterotic hybrids found superior over better parents and one standard check have the potential to be exploited commercially.
{"title":"Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression for Yield and Quality Traits in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)","authors":"Vijay Kumar, R. S. Thapa, Naresh Kumar, S. K. Singh","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.12","url":null,"abstract":"Ten parental lines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum Mill.) were crossed in 10 x 10 diallel mating plan barring reciprocals. The 45 F1 hybrids along with their parents and one standard check (Pusa Ruby) were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. This study relevant that heterosis over the better parent, mid-parent, standard check and inbreeding depression was observed for all the traits under study. Highly significant heterosis was observed for Days to first flowering (-18.35, -14.42 and -3.30%), Days to 50% fruiting (-13.41, -12.30 and -6.71%), Fruit diameter (41.20, 46.07 and 35.57%), fruits length (49.20, 63.23 and 5.98%), Average fruit weight (59.26, 66.89 and 26.72%), Number of fruits per plant (135.19, 159.63 and 80.67%), Number of fruits per cluster (54.55, 54.55 and 80.02%) and total yield per plant (123.71, 146.41 and 99.13%) over the better, mid and standard parents, respectively along with considerable inbreeding depression. The most promising cross EC-165700 × EC-164563 appeared intensely noteworthy positive heterosis over way better parent for total yield per plant. These Heterotic hybrids found superior over better parents and one standard check have the potential to be exploited commercially.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75647945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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