Koppula Prawan, Biman K. Kumar, Mohamaad M. Imran, Chate Eshwar, Kandula Jayapaul
Declining soil quality due to overexploited used of chemical-based fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides have deleterious effect on soil health. This has resulted in decreased productivity. The use of azotobacter sp. as an alternative to the chemical based Agri-practice can be a remedial step to increase soil healthiness and in turn productivity. For the proposed research, soil sample from rhizosphere of Pigeon pea cultivated at Mahabubnagar and Medchal agroclimatic zone of Telangana. The Azotobacter sp. were isolated and maintained on Ashby’s mannitol agar medium. The Azotobacter sp. were evaluated by morphological, biochemical and molecular attributes. Biochemical tests and 16s rRNA sequencing revealed identification of strains as Azotobacter beijerinckii strain (BKPOU06TS) and Azotobacter tropicalis strain (BKPOU08TS). The 16s rRNA sequences of Azotobacter beijerinckii strain (BKPOU06TS) and Azotobacter tropicalis strain (BKPOU08TS) were submitted to GenBank with accession ID- OP536202 and OP536206 respectively
{"title":"Identification and characterization of Azotobacter sp. screened from different agro-climatic zones in Telangana.","authors":"Koppula Prawan, Biman K. Kumar, Mohamaad M. Imran, Chate Eshwar, Kandula Jayapaul","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Declining soil quality due to overexploited used of chemical-based fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides have deleterious effect on soil health. This has resulted in decreased productivity. The use of azotobacter sp. as an alternative to the chemical based Agri-practice can be a remedial step to increase soil healthiness and in turn productivity. For the proposed research, soil sample from rhizosphere of Pigeon pea cultivated at Mahabubnagar and Medchal agroclimatic zone of Telangana. The Azotobacter sp. were isolated and maintained on Ashby’s mannitol agar medium. The Azotobacter sp. were evaluated by morphological, biochemical and molecular attributes. Biochemical tests and 16s rRNA sequencing revealed identification of strains as Azotobacter beijerinckii strain (BKPOU06TS) and Azotobacter tropicalis strain (BKPOU08TS). The 16s rRNA sequences of Azotobacter beijerinckii strain (BKPOU06TS) and Azotobacter tropicalis strain (BKPOU08TS) were submitted to GenBank with accession ID- OP536202 and OP536206 respectively","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135840369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indrajeet Kumar, Umesh Kumar, Prince Kumar Singh, Jay Shankar Yadav, Rajesh Kumar Sharma
The harvesting of fruits at different developmental stages until maturity may influence their antioxidant activities. Therefore, thepresent study aimed to investigate the changes in total phenolics, flavonoid contents, and in-vitro antioxidant activities in methanolseed extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss at different maturity stages (raw, ripe and overripe). All the tested biochemical parametersvaried significantly with maturity stages (p < 0.05%). Total phenolics [mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dw] and flavonoids contents[mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dw] were highest in ripe (33.7 and 0.28, respectively) followed by raw (19.4 and 0.16, respectively)and least in overripe seeds (12.9 and 0.15, respectively). 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities in methanol seed extracts [μM ascorbic acid equivalent(AAE)/g dw] varied between 83.6–106.5, 68–93.8 and 44.8–177.9, respectively. IC50 values (mg/mL) for overripe, raw and ripe seedmethanol extract were 0.60, 1.11, and 2.10, respectively. The study concludes that seeds of A. indica were rich in natural phenolics andalso possess significant antioxidant activities. Thus the present study suggested that fruit industries should harvest ripe fruit seeds ofA. indica to meet out the need of natural phenolics for health benefits of local people.
{"title":"Total Phenolics and In-vitro Antioxidant Activities in Methanol Extracts of Raw, Ripe and Overripe Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Seeds","authors":"Indrajeet Kumar, Umesh Kumar, Prince Kumar Singh, Jay Shankar Yadav, Rajesh Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i04.01","url":null,"abstract":"The harvesting of fruits at different developmental stages until maturity may influence their antioxidant activities. Therefore, thepresent study aimed to investigate the changes in total phenolics, flavonoid contents, and in-vitro antioxidant activities in methanolseed extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss at different maturity stages (raw, ripe and overripe). All the tested biochemical parametersvaried significantly with maturity stages (p < 0.05%). Total phenolics [mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dw] and flavonoids contents[mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dw] were highest in ripe (33.7 and 0.28, respectively) followed by raw (19.4 and 0.16, respectively)and least in overripe seeds (12.9 and 0.15, respectively). 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities in methanol seed extracts [μM ascorbic acid equivalent(AAE)/g dw] varied between 83.6–106.5, 68–93.8 and 44.8–177.9, respectively. IC50 values (mg/mL) for overripe, raw and ripe seedmethanol extract were 0.60, 1.11, and 2.10, respectively. The study concludes that seeds of A. indica were rich in natural phenolics andalso possess significant antioxidant activities. Thus the present study suggested that fruit industries should harvest ripe fruit seeds ofA. indica to meet out the need of natural phenolics for health benefits of local people.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135478653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.33687/jpe.005.01.4418
Areeb Qasim, Anum Nazir, Nizwa Itrat, I. Khalid, Tabish Ali Virk, M. Khan, M. Rahim, Z. Mushtaq, Muhammad Arslan Khan
The health-conscious consumers are interested in replacing health-deteriorating drinks with functional beverages in current epochs. There is no higher truth that coffee consumption reduces risk of type II diabetes, Alzheimer, and other brain anomalies but it is also the fact that CGA (chlorogenic acid) and caffeine in coffee may pose risk of cardiovascular diseases and unhealthy mood fluctuations. Various health concerns of coffee consumption urge the need to produce a caffeine-free healthy alternative to coffee, which should also acquire the taste attributes of coffee. The development of instant coffee powder using date seeds and pomace powder for improved cognitive function can break new grounds in the market. The goal of the current study was to investigate the compositional profile of coffee prepared from date pomace and date seed powder. Date seeds were roasted at 200 °C for 20 min and a blend was made in combination with date pomace, milk powder and coconut as flavor enhancer. Proximate analysis of coffee powder such as moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber and NFE percentages was determined. The results showed that prepared coffee powders contained significant fiber, low fat, less protein and a nearly equal percentage of moisture and ash as compared to Coffea arabica powder (control), with nearly zero caffeine content. Preliminary tests such as color, acidity, calories, total polyphenols, DPPH test, and FRAP assay were carried out because the study attempted to replace Arabica coffee beans with date beans. Phytochemical screening of coffee powders revealed that total phenolic content was highest for CB4 (20.90 ± 0.46 mg/g) which contained maximum date seed powder (35 %). Similarly, DPPH and FRAP assay were also found maximum for CB4 which were 81.11 ± 0.32 % and 23.17 ± 0.44 % respectively. Acidity and caffeine of prepared coffee powders were lower than control. It is hypothesized that decaf coffee may substitute caffeinated coffee for neurological health.
{"title":"Utilization of Date Pulp and Pit Powder to make Decaf Coffee to Improve Cognitive Health","authors":"Areeb Qasim, Anum Nazir, Nizwa Itrat, I. Khalid, Tabish Ali Virk, M. Khan, M. Rahim, Z. Mushtaq, Muhammad Arslan Khan","doi":"10.33687/jpe.005.01.4418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.005.01.4418","url":null,"abstract":"The health-conscious consumers are interested in replacing health-deteriorating drinks with functional beverages in current epochs. There is no higher truth that coffee consumption reduces risk of type II diabetes, Alzheimer, and other brain anomalies but it is also the fact that CGA (chlorogenic acid) and caffeine in coffee may pose risk of cardiovascular diseases and unhealthy mood fluctuations. Various health concerns of coffee consumption urge the need to produce a caffeine-free healthy alternative to coffee, which should also acquire the taste attributes of coffee. The development of instant coffee powder using date seeds and pomace powder for improved cognitive function can break new grounds in the market. The goal of the current study was to investigate the compositional profile of coffee prepared from date pomace and date seed powder. Date seeds were roasted at 200 °C for 20 min and a blend was made in combination with date pomace, milk powder and coconut as flavor enhancer. Proximate analysis of coffee powder such as moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber and NFE percentages was determined. The results showed that prepared coffee powders contained significant fiber, low fat, less protein and a nearly equal percentage of moisture and ash as compared to Coffea arabica powder (control), with nearly zero caffeine content. Preliminary tests such as color, acidity, calories, total polyphenols, DPPH test, and FRAP assay were carried out because the study attempted to replace Arabica coffee beans with date beans. Phytochemical screening of coffee powders revealed that total phenolic content was highest for CB4 (20.90 ± 0.46 mg/g) which contained maximum date seed powder (35 %). Similarly, DPPH and FRAP assay were also found maximum for CB4 which were 81.11 ± 0.32 % and 23.17 ± 0.44 % respectively. Acidity and caffeine of prepared coffee powders were lower than control. It is hypothesized that decaf coffee may substitute caffeinated coffee for neurological health.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83798139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.33687/jpe.005.01.4652
S. Akhtar, Ayesha Shafqat, Syeda Mariam Sherazi, S. Aslam, Habiba Khalil, Rubina Shakir, Muhammad Arslan Khan
Industrial and sewage water ejection in river and streams on daily basis and wide use of heavy metal is contaminating our surroundings. Among all the valences, Cr (VI) is regarded as a hazardous ion, which contaminates groundwater and can be transferred through the food chain In-vitro study was carried out in laboratory in which impact of Cr (VI) on Trichoderma harzianum was studied. For those two experiments i.e., solid medium assay and liquid broth assay were conducted. In solid medium assay, the radial growth, morphological alterations (appearance of colony, changes in the morphologies of spores and hyphae) in T. harzianum and inhibition zone under the stress of Cr (VI) at different doses i.e., 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm were studied. The results showed that radial growth was insignificantly reduced at highest dose (5000 ppm) i.e., 3.3% as compared to control. Moreover, no inhibition zone formed, and the mycelial pattern of tested fungi was crossing the disc zones. However, at 5000 ppm of Cr (VI), about 0.2 mm of concentric zone was observed. While no phialides were observed at higher doses of Cr (VI). Furthermore, in liquid broth experiment, mycelial growth, and biochemical attributes [Total protein content (TPC), Peroxidase (POX) and Catalase (CAT) activities] were studied after 7 days of incubation. The results revealed that the fresh and dry weight of T. harzianum was increased up to -200% comparison to control. The level of TPC, POX AND CAT increased by -10 % to -94% with the increasing concentration of Cr (VI) i.e., 1000 to 5000 ppm. Thus, the findings showed that T. harzianum could be used as bioremidier against Cr (VI). Further in- situ studies need to be taken to eradicate the presence of heavy metals in the environment by using fungus for bioremediation purpose in future.
{"title":"Counter Effect of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai. Against Cr (VI)","authors":"S. Akhtar, Ayesha Shafqat, Syeda Mariam Sherazi, S. Aslam, Habiba Khalil, Rubina Shakir, Muhammad Arslan Khan","doi":"10.33687/jpe.005.01.4652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.005.01.4652","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial and sewage water ejection in river and streams on daily basis and wide use of heavy metal is contaminating our surroundings. Among all the valences, Cr (VI) is regarded as a hazardous ion, which contaminates groundwater and can be transferred through the food chain In-vitro study was carried out in laboratory in which impact of Cr (VI) on Trichoderma harzianum was studied. For those two experiments i.e., solid medium assay and liquid broth assay were conducted. In solid medium assay, the radial growth, morphological alterations (appearance of colony, changes in the morphologies of spores and hyphae) in T. harzianum and inhibition zone under the stress of Cr (VI) at different doses i.e., 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm were studied. The results showed that radial growth was insignificantly reduced at highest dose (5000 ppm) i.e., 3.3% as compared to control. Moreover, no inhibition zone formed, and the mycelial pattern of tested fungi was crossing the disc zones. However, at 5000 ppm of Cr (VI), about 0.2 mm of concentric zone was observed. While no phialides were observed at higher doses of Cr (VI). Furthermore, in liquid broth experiment, mycelial growth, and biochemical attributes [Total protein content (TPC), Peroxidase (POX) and Catalase (CAT) activities] were studied after 7 days of incubation. The results revealed that the fresh and dry weight of T. harzianum was increased up to -200% comparison to control. The level of TPC, POX AND CAT increased by -10 % to -94% with the increasing concentration of Cr (VI) i.e., 1000 to 5000 ppm. Thus, the findings showed that T. harzianum could be used as bioremidier against Cr (VI). Further in- situ studies need to be taken to eradicate the presence of heavy metals in the environment by using fungus for bioremediation purpose in future.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86990490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.02.4461
Himatullah ., A. Imran, T. G. Mahesar, Muhammad Sohaib, Muhammad Habib ur Rahman
Current cotton production systems are most vulnerable to climate extremes in the world but particularly in Sindh, Pakistan. There is a drier need to assess the climate vulnerability and develop climate-resilient production technologies and adaptation plan to combat the climate extremes. A study was conducted in three districts of Sindh province (Ghotki, Sukkur, and Khairpur). Both primary and secondary data of cotton growers (small, medium and large land holding) and different relevant departments of cotton was collected. Three data collection tools were used in this study. Primary data was collected directly from farmers by conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) by engaging local cotton growers. Key informant interviews (KIIs) guide was used for the consultation with officials in government and other cotton related departments. Survey of cotton growers/farmers were conducted in these three districts by selecting farmers randomly. HCPL has conducted 13 FGDs with the beneficiary’s farmers (men and women). Out of the total, seven FGDs were conducted with male farmers and six FGDs were held with female farmers in three studied districts. In each FGDs 10 to 12 farmers participated actively in the discussion and data collection. In total 130 farmers consulted through FGDs in the studied region. Results showed that, the current cotton production system is vulnerable to climate change and climate resilient site-specific production technologies are required by adopting good management practices. Due to competing crops and unavailability of resources, cotton crop area has been shifted to other crops like sugarcane, so climate adaptation plan is required to reduce the cost of production. Increasing area under sugarcane crop also has negative effect on cotton crop due to high humid climatic conditions and leads to more insect pest infestation. Currently, cotton is being sown after wheat during the month of May, while sub optimum and substandard input like seed, fertilizer, and management practices being used. Farmers are also lacking in climate knowledge, and while there is no weather agro-advisory system available for farmers related to climate extremes conditions (drought, heat, and floods). Financial incentive system is also required for cotton crop just like other crops in the region. Good quality seed and input at lower rates are unavailable in this region. There is knowledge gap existed and farmer’s field school are required to develop the capacity building of the farmers to adopt climate resilient production technology. Cotton crop is sensitive to weather while climate forecast is also missing at gross root level, there is need to strength the system to deliver the information to the cotton growers to manage the cotton accordingly. There also need to strength the coordination and productive linkages with research institutes and academia that are working for the production enhancement of cotton crop. Climate resilient production technology transfer
{"title":"Threats and Challenges for Sustainable Cotton Production in Sindh, Pakistan: Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation to Combat Climate Change","authors":"Himatullah ., A. Imran, T. G. Mahesar, Muhammad Sohaib, Muhammad Habib ur Rahman","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.02.4461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.02.4461","url":null,"abstract":"Current cotton production systems are most vulnerable to climate extremes in the world but particularly in Sindh, Pakistan. There is a drier need to assess the climate vulnerability and develop climate-resilient production technologies and adaptation plan to combat the climate extremes. A study was conducted in three districts of Sindh province (Ghotki, Sukkur, and Khairpur). Both primary and secondary data of cotton growers (small, medium and large land holding) and different relevant departments of cotton was collected. Three data collection tools were used in this study. Primary data was collected directly from farmers by conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) by engaging local cotton growers. Key informant interviews (KIIs) guide was used for the consultation with officials in government and other cotton related departments. Survey of cotton growers/farmers were conducted in these three districts by selecting farmers randomly. HCPL has conducted 13 FGDs with the beneficiary’s farmers (men and women). Out of the total, seven FGDs were conducted with male farmers and six FGDs were held with female farmers in three studied districts. In each FGDs 10 to 12 farmers participated actively in the discussion and data collection. In total 130 farmers consulted through FGDs in the studied region. Results showed that, the current cotton production system is vulnerable to climate change and climate resilient site-specific production technologies are required by adopting good management practices. Due to competing crops and unavailability of resources, cotton crop area has been shifted to other crops like sugarcane, so climate adaptation plan is required to reduce the cost of production. Increasing area under sugarcane crop also has negative effect on cotton crop due to high humid climatic conditions and leads to more insect pest infestation. Currently, cotton is being sown after wheat during the month of May, while sub optimum and substandard input like seed, fertilizer, and management practices being used. Farmers are also lacking in climate knowledge, and while there is no weather agro-advisory system available for farmers related to climate extremes conditions (drought, heat, and floods). Financial incentive system is also required for cotton crop just like other crops in the region. Good quality seed and input at lower rates are unavailable in this region. There is knowledge gap existed and farmer’s field school are required to develop the capacity building of the farmers to adopt climate resilient production technology. Cotton crop is sensitive to weather while climate forecast is also missing at gross root level, there is need to strength the system to deliver the information to the cotton growers to manage the cotton accordingly. There also need to strength the coordination and productive linkages with research institutes and academia that are working for the production enhancement of cotton crop. Climate resilient production technology transfer","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79682215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.02.4429
M. Naveed, Shahkar Ali, Muhammad Nadeem Shah, S. Hussain, M. Ajmal, Shakir Shehzad, Muhammad Hamza Rehman, M. Arif, Touqeer Abbas, Hafiz Saqib Hayat, Kamran Ghaffor, G. Murtaza, H. Ali, Ayesha Khan, M. Khan, Anum Bukhari
Rice (Oryza sativa L) is an important source of food, as the population of the world is increasing the additional supply of rice is requisite to feed the population. Moringa leaf extract, salicylic acid and zinc sulphate are excellent growth regulators used worldwide. A field experiment was conducted on rice at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Fine rice (super basmati) was sown by two methods (S1= transplanting method and S2= direct-seeded rice) supplied with three growth regulators G1= moringa leaf extract (30 times diluted), G2= salicylic acid (50 mg per liter) and G3= zinc sulphate (50 g per liter) as foliar applications and G0devised as control treatment. Foliar application of growth regulators to respective treatments was done at two stages (before and after flowering). Data regarding growth (crop growth rate, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance), yield (number of grains per panicle, thousand grains weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index) and quality (normal kernel, sterile kernel, amylose contents, protein contents and brown rice rate) were studied. Compiled results of the study showed that moringa leaf extract along with the transplanting method performed better in most of the parameters than all other treatments. Transplanting with salicylic acid gave better results in the normal kernel, amylose contents and protein contents whereas zinc sulphate gave better results in brown rice rate.
{"title":"Effects of various plant growth regulators and sowing methods on the growth, yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"M. Naveed, Shahkar Ali, Muhammad Nadeem Shah, S. Hussain, M. Ajmal, Shakir Shehzad, Muhammad Hamza Rehman, M. Arif, Touqeer Abbas, Hafiz Saqib Hayat, Kamran Ghaffor, G. Murtaza, H. Ali, Ayesha Khan, M. Khan, Anum Bukhari","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.02.4429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.02.4429","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Oryza sativa L) is an important source of food, as the population of the world is increasing the additional supply of rice is requisite to feed the population. Moringa leaf extract, salicylic acid and zinc sulphate are excellent growth regulators used worldwide. A field experiment was conducted on rice at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Fine rice (super basmati) was sown by two methods (S1= transplanting method and S2= direct-seeded rice) supplied with three growth regulators G1= moringa leaf extract (30 times diluted), G2= salicylic acid (50 mg per liter) and G3= zinc sulphate (50 g per liter) as foliar applications and G0devised as control treatment. Foliar application of growth regulators to respective treatments was done at two stages (before and after flowering). Data regarding growth (crop growth rate, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance), yield (number of grains per panicle, thousand grains weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index) and quality (normal kernel, sterile kernel, amylose contents, protein contents and brown rice rate) were studied. Compiled results of the study showed that moringa leaf extract along with the transplanting method performed better in most of the parameters than all other treatments. Transplanting with salicylic acid gave better results in the normal kernel, amylose contents and protein contents whereas zinc sulphate gave better results in brown rice rate. ","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89984793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is need for research that explores the impact of elevated carbon dioxide on the antioxidant defense system, crop nutrition andsoil micro-nutrients availability which was not investigated much in past studies.A pot experiment was performed to analyse antioxidant defence response including Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme assay, totalAscorbate, Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) leaf data assay, Flavanoid and Total Phenolic content (TPC) in leaves samples. Micronutrientsanalysis and nutritional quality were estimated including Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo and Pb elements. Micronutrients analysiswere determined in soil, leaves, pods and seeds of RGC 1002 and RGC 1066 Cyamopsis varieties fumigated under e[CO2]=550±20ppmand a[CO2]=420±20ppm maintained at FACE setup at CSIR- NBRI, Lucknow.Superoxide dismutase activity was found to decline in RGC 1002 [-16.63%] and RGC 1066 [-17.90%] while total ascorbate, ascorbateperoxidise activity, total phenol and flavonoid content increased in RGC 1002 [+9.37%, +6.30%, +11.53%, +10.46%] and RGC 1066[+66.32%, +12.17%, +76.50%, +19.82%] under elevated carbon dioxide e[CO2] concentration in both the cultivars. Micronutrient contentdeclined in leaves but it was enhanced in pods and seeds of both the cultivars under e[CO2] concentration. In leaves, pods and seedsof RGC 1002 micro-nutrient contents were Fe [-56.00%, +6.00%, +9.75%], Cu[-23.16%, +7.45%, +10.46%], Zn[-30.61%,+28.30%,+7.41],Mn[-32.29%, +23.05., +7.52] content. However in RGC 1066, there was a differential response regarding some of the metals Cu[-52.81%,+5.58%, +6.42%], Zn[-20.29%.+9.50%.+6.50%], Mn[+31.54%, +11.18%, +9.96%], Fe[+32.99%, +4.00%, +8.71%] content wasfound to increased under e[CO2] concentration.Antioxidant response in both the cultivars was enhanced under e[CO2] concentration that leads to the scavenging of ROS particles thusleading to declining of ROS and mitigating the plant against abiotic stress condition. This conditions leads to altogether improvementin plant antioxidant defences system. It was observed that the interaction between e[CO2] and both plant varieties increased uptake ofmicro-nutrients in pods and seeds in both the cultivars. Apart from these RGC 1066 varieties showed better uptake and translocationof micro-nutrient content (Fe, Cu, Zn) than RGC 1002 plant variety under e[CO2] concentration. Thus, it can be concluded that RGC 1066is better than RGC 1002 plant variety which is adapting and performing in better way under e[CO2] concentration.
{"title":"Antioxidant Defence Response and Micronutrient Content Availability in Cyamopsis Varieties in eCO2 Concentration","authors":"","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.07","url":null,"abstract":"There is need for research that explores the impact of elevated carbon dioxide on the antioxidant defense system, crop nutrition andsoil micro-nutrients availability which was not investigated much in past studies.A pot experiment was performed to analyse antioxidant defence response including Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme assay, totalAscorbate, Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) leaf data assay, Flavanoid and Total Phenolic content (TPC) in leaves samples. Micronutrientsanalysis and nutritional quality were estimated including Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo and Pb elements. Micronutrients analysiswere determined in soil, leaves, pods and seeds of RGC 1002 and RGC 1066 Cyamopsis varieties fumigated under e[CO2]=550±20ppmand a[CO2]=420±20ppm maintained at FACE setup at CSIR- NBRI, Lucknow.Superoxide dismutase activity was found to decline in RGC 1002 [-16.63%] and RGC 1066 [-17.90%] while total ascorbate, ascorbateperoxidise activity, total phenol and flavonoid content increased in RGC 1002 [+9.37%, +6.30%, +11.53%, +10.46%] and RGC 1066[+66.32%, +12.17%, +76.50%, +19.82%] under elevated carbon dioxide e[CO2] concentration in both the cultivars. Micronutrient contentdeclined in leaves but it was enhanced in pods and seeds of both the cultivars under e[CO2] concentration. In leaves, pods and seedsof RGC 1002 micro-nutrient contents were Fe [-56.00%, +6.00%, +9.75%], Cu[-23.16%, +7.45%, +10.46%], Zn[-30.61%,+28.30%,+7.41],Mn[-32.29%, +23.05., +7.52] content. However in RGC 1066, there was a differential response regarding some of the metals Cu[-52.81%,+5.58%, +6.42%], Zn[-20.29%.+9.50%.+6.50%], Mn[+31.54%, +11.18%, +9.96%], Fe[+32.99%, +4.00%, +8.71%] content wasfound to increased under e[CO2] concentration.Antioxidant response in both the cultivars was enhanced under e[CO2] concentration that leads to the scavenging of ROS particles thusleading to declining of ROS and mitigating the plant against abiotic stress condition. This conditions leads to altogether improvementin plant antioxidant defences system. It was observed that the interaction between e[CO2] and both plant varieties increased uptake ofmicro-nutrients in pods and seeds in both the cultivars. Apart from these RGC 1066 varieties showed better uptake and translocationof micro-nutrient content (Fe, Cu, Zn) than RGC 1002 plant variety under e[CO2] concentration. Thus, it can be concluded that RGC 1066is better than RGC 1002 plant variety which is adapting and performing in better way under e[CO2] concentration.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78196279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjali Dubey, Ruchita Mainani, Prapti U. Shah, H. Solanki
Biodiversity loss is one of the major concerns of today’s world. It refers to the mass extinction of different species. Various anthropogenicactivities and environmental pollution are major contributors to biodiversity loss. From agricultural activities to various industrialactivities contributes greatly to degrading biodiversity. This paper reviews multiple literature sources that deal with the biodiversityloss and explain the various factors affecting biodiversity. It also reviews the impact of biodiversity loss on the well-being of the humanpopulation. Biodiversity loss does not only affect human health but also other animals and species. Biological imbalance gives rise toseveral diseases that create a harmful threat to human beings. In recent decades, we have observed a great deal of newer zoonoticaldiseases, which are triggered by biodiversity loss. Thus, preserving and managing biodiversity should be our priority and by doing thiswe would also create a safeguard overall for a well-being of human beings and nature.
{"title":"Biodiversity Loss and its Impacts on Human Well-being","authors":"Anjali Dubey, Ruchita Mainani, Prapti U. Shah, H. Solanki","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.06","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity loss is one of the major concerns of today’s world. It refers to the mass extinction of different species. Various anthropogenicactivities and environmental pollution are major contributors to biodiversity loss. From agricultural activities to various industrialactivities contributes greatly to degrading biodiversity. This paper reviews multiple literature sources that deal with the biodiversityloss and explain the various factors affecting biodiversity. It also reviews the impact of biodiversity loss on the well-being of the humanpopulation. Biodiversity loss does not only affect human health but also other animals and species. Biological imbalance gives rise toseveral diseases that create a harmful threat to human beings. In recent decades, we have observed a great deal of newer zoonoticaldiseases, which are triggered by biodiversity loss. Thus, preserving and managing biodiversity should be our priority and by doing thiswe would also create a safeguard overall for a well-being of human beings and nature.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90676491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shayista Fayaz, R. Kanth, F. A. Bahar, A. Azad, N. Hamid, N. Hussain, Zohra Shabir
Rye, oats, barley, corn, triticale, millet, and sorghum are among the cereals cultivated in various countries. With more than half of theworld’s grain production going to wheat and rice, these two crops are the most significant on the planet. Human have traditionallyconsumed cereals, which are staple foods and significant nutrient sources in both developed and developing nations. Cereal goodscontain a variety of micronutrients, including vitamin E, several B vitamins, magnesium, and zinc, and are a significant source of energy,carbohydrate, and protein. All living species, including crop plants, require a number of fundamental elements in order to maintaindevelopment and cell processes as well as to complete the life cycle. For the development and production of plants, vital minerals arenecessary. Essential minerals are indispensable for plant growth and production. There are a variety of recognized essential mineralelements that are mostly accumulated from the soil. However, the soils of the Indian subcontinent have been deficient in some nutrientsas a result of years of extensive agriculture and unbalanced fertilizer use. Under nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrientstress, leaf characteristics show different deficiency symptoms, according to the plant nutrition process. For crop nutrient management,it is critical to develop a reliable, fast, and modified method for diagnosing crop nutrition. Improving fertilizer efficiency is a majorconcern for managing crop production and maintaining soil economic productivity.
{"title":"Emerging Nutrient Deficiencies in Cereal Production System and their Possible Management Strategies to Achieve Nutritional Securities","authors":"Shayista Fayaz, R. Kanth, F. A. Bahar, A. Azad, N. Hamid, N. Hussain, Zohra Shabir","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.04","url":null,"abstract":"Rye, oats, barley, corn, triticale, millet, and sorghum are among the cereals cultivated in various countries. With more than half of theworld’s grain production going to wheat and rice, these two crops are the most significant on the planet. Human have traditionallyconsumed cereals, which are staple foods and significant nutrient sources in both developed and developing nations. Cereal goodscontain a variety of micronutrients, including vitamin E, several B vitamins, magnesium, and zinc, and are a significant source of energy,carbohydrate, and protein. All living species, including crop plants, require a number of fundamental elements in order to maintaindevelopment and cell processes as well as to complete the life cycle. For the development and production of plants, vital minerals arenecessary. Essential minerals are indispensable for plant growth and production. There are a variety of recognized essential mineralelements that are mostly accumulated from the soil. However, the soils of the Indian subcontinent have been deficient in some nutrientsas a result of years of extensive agriculture and unbalanced fertilizer use. Under nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrientstress, leaf characteristics show different deficiency symptoms, according to the plant nutrition process. For crop nutrient management,it is critical to develop a reliable, fast, and modified method for diagnosing crop nutrition. Improving fertilizer efficiency is a majorconcern for managing crop production and maintaining soil economic productivity.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83238416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out at Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib’s Experimental Farm, Department of Agriculture, Punjab during2019-20, and 2020-21. The experimental material consisted of six parental varieties (HD 1981, PBW 343, CPAN 3004, RAJ 2184, PBW154, and PBW 65) collected from the Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR) New Delhi, India and their 15 F1s obtainedfrom half diallel mating design were grown in Randomized Block Design. The association studies among different characters showedthat grain yield per plant had a significant positive correlation with no. of grain per plant, that can be successfully used for the geneticimprovement of seed yield in bread wheat.
{"title":"Estimation of Correlation and Path Association in Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with the Feasibility of Developing F1 Hybrid in Half Diallel Mating Design","authors":"G. Kaur, Ravindra Kumar, Shikha Sharma, R. Singh","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.10","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out at Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib’s Experimental Farm, Department of Agriculture, Punjab during2019-20, and 2020-21. The experimental material consisted of six parental varieties (HD 1981, PBW 343, CPAN 3004, RAJ 2184, PBW154, and PBW 65) collected from the Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR) New Delhi, India and their 15 F1s obtainedfrom half diallel mating design were grown in Randomized Block Design. The association studies among different characters showedthat grain yield per plant had a significant positive correlation with no. of grain per plant, that can be successfully used for the geneticimprovement of seed yield in bread wheat.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84463699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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