The bacterial strains were isolated from landfill soil contaminated with phthalate, collected from dump yard near Byepass, Patna. Thestrain named T23 was chosen among the isolated strains due to its high efficacy towards the degradation. We observed the effects ofvarious environmental and chemical factors for optimising the conditions for degradation. The strain T23 was identified as Lysinibacillusxylanilyticus based on its phenotypic as well as phylogenetic characteristics by performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing and for thedetermination of the metabolic end products after degradation. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was doneand the degradable intermediates obtained were 7, 10, 13-Hexadecatrienoic acid, Cyclotrisiloxane, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Oleic Acid andErucic acid. The strain T23 showed maximum degradation at pH 8.5 and temperature was 10.5 and it could tolerate up to 0-15% NaCl.Maximum degradation was exhibited at the carbon source, dextrose, and nitrogen source, casein. The 23 strain was having maximumpotential for degradation which can be used for various remediation purposes.
{"title":"Microbial Treatment of di (2-ethyl hexyl) Phthalate by Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus Isolated from Landfill Soil","authors":"T. ., M. Rashmi, Shiv. K. Singh","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.09","url":null,"abstract":"The bacterial strains were isolated from landfill soil contaminated with phthalate, collected from dump yard near Byepass, Patna. Thestrain named T23 was chosen among the isolated strains due to its high efficacy towards the degradation. We observed the effects ofvarious environmental and chemical factors for optimising the conditions for degradation. The strain T23 was identified as Lysinibacillusxylanilyticus based on its phenotypic as well as phylogenetic characteristics by performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing and for thedetermination of the metabolic end products after degradation. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was doneand the degradable intermediates obtained were 7, 10, 13-Hexadecatrienoic acid, Cyclotrisiloxane, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Oleic Acid andErucic acid. The strain T23 showed maximum degradation at pH 8.5 and temperature was 10.5 and it could tolerate up to 0-15% NaCl.Maximum degradation was exhibited at the carbon source, dextrose, and nitrogen source, casein. The 23 strain was having maximumpotential for degradation which can be used for various remediation purposes.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74880661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swaminathan Chitraputhirapillai, P. Kannan, N. Krishnaprabu, M. Yassin
The climate of the rainfed tropics is complex in nature and intercropping aids in reducing the great peril of cropping under suchconditions. Dryland or rainfed crops produce low economic yield and soils are eroded with diminishing soil fertility, hence it is timelyto select an anchor crop for intercropping situations by reviewing various research publications.This work has been carried out at the Agronomy Department, Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai India. Amethodical cum integrative review of past work done elsewhere, particularly in India was figured out. Nearly 200 research articles werescanned from different databases and 112 papers were utilised to write this review.This review article comprehensively documents the uniqueness of pigeon pea, being a long-duration legume having advantages likesoil fertility enhancement, multiple harvests, etc., over annual short-duration crops and how it could be called an anchor crop underintercropping systems. And hence, the inclusion of drought-resilient pigeon peas for sustaining soil health and farm productivity underintercropping systems in semi-arid alfisol would be ideal.
{"title":"Four ‘Bio’ Traits Craft Pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp) to Survive in a Dry Soil Environment under Intercropping Situation -A Review","authors":"Swaminathan Chitraputhirapillai, P. Kannan, N. Krishnaprabu, M. Yassin","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.05","url":null,"abstract":"The climate of the rainfed tropics is complex in nature and intercropping aids in reducing the great peril of cropping under suchconditions. Dryland or rainfed crops produce low economic yield and soils are eroded with diminishing soil fertility, hence it is timelyto select an anchor crop for intercropping situations by reviewing various research publications.This work has been carried out at the Agronomy Department, Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai India. Amethodical cum integrative review of past work done elsewhere, particularly in India was figured out. Nearly 200 research articles werescanned from different databases and 112 papers were utilised to write this review.This review article comprehensively documents the uniqueness of pigeon pea, being a long-duration legume having advantages likesoil fertility enhancement, multiple harvests, etc., over annual short-duration crops and how it could be called an anchor crop underintercropping systems. And hence, the inclusion of drought-resilient pigeon peas for sustaining soil health and farm productivity underintercropping systems in semi-arid alfisol would be ideal.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90365328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The higher eastern Himalayan regions of India exhibit the luxuriance of different lichen taxa together with other group of plants. The“Punpun” is a common name of lichens used by the Sherdukpen tribe of West Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh in Eastern IndianHimalayan regions. The punpun or lichens are gorgeous in nutrients and contains biologically active compounds belonging to variouschemical clades. The tribal people have gigantic traditional knowledge about lichens thus allowing them to use different types oflichens to fulfil their dietary need along with medicinal prospects. The present information was collected during the field visit to thearea between the years 2017-2021. The tribal people in the area prepared some delicious diets from the punpun and served as nutritiveethnic food to tourists visiting there. Though tribal people have great knowledge of lichen uses, but they lack the acquaintance ofappropriate species proficiency. The tribal people provided the detailed methodologies and application of lichens which may be usefulin near future for bioprospection and herbal drug development. The present case study is presented with an aim to encourage thetribal people to investigate further applications of lichens to improve the life of surronding inhabitants and to make them aware of theimportance and conservation of lichen species.
{"title":"Indigenous Knowledge of Lichens can Improve Human Life in Tribal Areas of Arunachal Pradesh: A Case Study","authors":"R. Bajpai, L. T. Thungon, C. Singh, D. Upreti","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.11","url":null,"abstract":"The higher eastern Himalayan regions of India exhibit the luxuriance of different lichen taxa together with other group of plants. The“Punpun” is a common name of lichens used by the Sherdukpen tribe of West Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh in Eastern IndianHimalayan regions. The punpun or lichens are gorgeous in nutrients and contains biologically active compounds belonging to variouschemical clades. The tribal people have gigantic traditional knowledge about lichens thus allowing them to use different types oflichens to fulfil their dietary need along with medicinal prospects. The present information was collected during the field visit to thearea between the years 2017-2021. The tribal people in the area prepared some delicious diets from the punpun and served as nutritiveethnic food to tourists visiting there. Though tribal people have great knowledge of lichen uses, but they lack the acquaintance ofappropriate species proficiency. The tribal people provided the detailed methodologies and application of lichens which may be usefulin near future for bioprospection and herbal drug development. The present case study is presented with an aim to encourage thetribal people to investigate further applications of lichens to improve the life of surronding inhabitants and to make them aware of theimportance and conservation of lichen species.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73230224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rising environmental Pollution, decreasing soil fertility, augmenting ground water contamination with NO3, As, Pb, Cd, etc deterioratingvegetables, fruits, edible grains and milk quality due to poisonous chemicals and thereby increasing health hazards are great threatat global level. The chemical laden agriculture is one of the pivotal causes for such consequences and “Punjab cancer train” in Indiacarrying hundreds of cancer patients daily from Bhatinda (Punjab) to Bikaner (Rajasthan) for treatments, are well known. Natural farmingtechnology trained farmers from eleven states viz., Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand,Meghalaya, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh of India are getting spectacular higher yield and good quality pollutantfree crop harvest and edible products. This technology is comprised of treating seeds with Beejamrit and Ghanajeewamrit to improveseed germination and improve soil health and crop growth. Spraying of Neemastra, or Agniastra or Bramhastra are done to controlinsect, pests and plant diseases without polluting environment. Natural farming is broadly synonym to Vedic Agriculture, cosmic farmingand Homa therapy using Agnihotra ash. Promotion of microorganism, Indian earthworms, Indian breed cows and water conservationthrough crop residues or intercropping practices are the key epithets of natural farming. This technology has been found to be costeffective and pollution free, also called as ‘Zero Budget Agriculture’ since all the inputs are natural and domestically produced. The prosand cons of this technology with a view to make a sensible decision for its adoption at local, state, national and international level arediscussed in this paper.In case of some technological impetigo in attaining present level of crop productivity on large scale, the challenges before agriculturescientists are to ameliorate natural farming technology and maintain health friendly environment, harvest higher crop yield and assurefood security to burgeoning population.
{"title":"Why Natural Farming Technology be Adopted and Researches Intensified?","authors":"R. Dwivedi, R. Bajpai","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Rising environmental Pollution, decreasing soil fertility, augmenting ground water contamination with NO3, As, Pb, Cd, etc deterioratingvegetables, fruits, edible grains and milk quality due to poisonous chemicals and thereby increasing health hazards are great threatat global level. The chemical laden agriculture is one of the pivotal causes for such consequences and “Punjab cancer train” in Indiacarrying hundreds of cancer patients daily from Bhatinda (Punjab) to Bikaner (Rajasthan) for treatments, are well known. Natural farmingtechnology trained farmers from eleven states viz., Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand,Meghalaya, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh of India are getting spectacular higher yield and good quality pollutantfree crop harvest and edible products. This technology is comprised of treating seeds with Beejamrit and Ghanajeewamrit to improveseed germination and improve soil health and crop growth. Spraying of Neemastra, or Agniastra or Bramhastra are done to controlinsect, pests and plant diseases without polluting environment. Natural farming is broadly synonym to Vedic Agriculture, cosmic farmingand Homa therapy using Agnihotra ash. Promotion of microorganism, Indian earthworms, Indian breed cows and water conservationthrough crop residues or intercropping practices are the key epithets of natural farming. This technology has been found to be costeffective and pollution free, also called as ‘Zero Budget Agriculture’ since all the inputs are natural and domestically produced. The prosand cons of this technology with a view to make a sensible decision for its adoption at local, state, national and international level arediscussed in this paper.In case of some technological impetigo in attaining present level of crop productivity on large scale, the challenges before agriculturescientists are to ameliorate natural farming technology and maintain health friendly environment, harvest higher crop yield and assurefood security to burgeoning population.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82648919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluorspar (CaF2), is a common mineral, occurring in green, purple, yellow, or colorless crystals, which is used in metallurgy and makinga variety of chemicals used in refrigeration. Kadipani in Gujarat has large deposits of this ore. Open cast mining by GMDC has resultedin disturbed ecology. Earlier the efforts have been made by the forest department to grow tree species, in order to restore the forestecosystem, but the plants grew slowly and with stunted morphology and scanty survival. The obligate fungal symbionts known asarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present in plants play a key factor supporting plant growth in stressed conditions. Therefore, AMFstrains were first isolated from mining area and were used to raise the saplings first in polybags. Then after 75 days these were used forrevegetating the mine burdens or nearby waste land. The paper presents a pioneering efforts made to isolate and identify, the AMFfrom Fluorspar mines in Gujarat and then Glomus fasciculatum was incorporated in polybags filled with normal garden soil. Plants werealso raised by single spore inoculation method. Preliminary experiments revealed that the inoculated AMF strains promoted seedlinggrowth of Leuceana leucocephala and Millettia pinnata. The inoculation of AMF spores enhanced the growth of both the plants, and suchapplication can be used in sustainable restoration of the mining areas. Review discusses the structure of AM spores and mechanismsinvolved to equip them to survive in stressed situations and as symbionts help the plants to perform better.
{"title":"Isolation of AM Fungi from Rhizospheric Soil and Assessing Their Potential in Revegetating the Mining Wasteland of Gujarat using Inoculated Trees Saplings","authors":"A. Arya","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorspar (CaF2), is a common mineral, occurring in green, purple, yellow, or colorless crystals, which is used in metallurgy and makinga variety of chemicals used in refrigeration. Kadipani in Gujarat has large deposits of this ore. Open cast mining by GMDC has resultedin disturbed ecology. Earlier the efforts have been made by the forest department to grow tree species, in order to restore the forestecosystem, but the plants grew slowly and with stunted morphology and scanty survival. The obligate fungal symbionts known asarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present in plants play a key factor supporting plant growth in stressed conditions. Therefore, AMFstrains were first isolated from mining area and were used to raise the saplings first in polybags. Then after 75 days these were used forrevegetating the mine burdens or nearby waste land. The paper presents a pioneering efforts made to isolate and identify, the AMFfrom Fluorspar mines in Gujarat and then Glomus fasciculatum was incorporated in polybags filled with normal garden soil. Plants werealso raised by single spore inoculation method. Preliminary experiments revealed that the inoculated AMF strains promoted seedlinggrowth of Leuceana leucocephala and Millettia pinnata. The inoculation of AMF spores enhanced the growth of both the plants, and suchapplication can be used in sustainable restoration of the mining areas. Review discusses the structure of AM spores and mechanismsinvolved to equip them to survive in stressed situations and as symbionts help the plants to perform better.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73840365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Pawar, Pramod Sargar, G. Naik, Smita Deshmukh, P. Shedge, Swapnil Halge, Avadhut Pawar, P. N. Reddy
Abiotic stress is a significant factor in “climate change,” a complex phenomena with several unpredictable negative repercussions onthe environment. Abiotic stress alters the continuity between soil and plant atmosphere, reducing the yield of several essential crops.Abiotic stress now poses a considerable obstacle to plant development, and it will certainly worsen as desertification spreads acrossa larger section of the planet’s land area. The agriculture sector is significantly impacted by the weather and environment. Traditionalfarming methods and the food production required to sustain the nation’s growing population might be threatened by climate change.Improved cultivars created via breeding for a greater harvest index and disease tolerance were readily embraced during this periodof relatively consistent weather. Extreme climatic variability is projected due to climate change in this century. In many nations thatproduce crops, the agricultural climate will likely be warmer with more unpredictable rainfall, and stress spikes will be more severe. Tomaintain a growing population, agricultural productivity must be increased under more unfavourable environmental conditions. UsingGPS locators and climatic data from across the world, it is now feasible to comprehensively examine the genetic diversity in ancientlocal landraces to characterise the natural selection for local adaptation and to identify potential germplasm for tolerances to highstresses . With the use of candidate gene techniques and next generation sequencing, the physiological and biochemical componentsof these manifestations may be genomically examined. Wild relatives of crops possess practically untapped genetic diversity for abioticand biotic stress tolerances and may greatly improve the domesticated gene pools presently available as a survival omics strategy toassist crops endure the expected extremes of climate change. It is an issue to increase agricultural productivity in the face of climatechange. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to combine a number of disciplines, including eco-geographical assessments of geneticresources, modern advances in genomics, agronomy, and farm management, all of which are backed by knowledge of how genotypeenvironmentinteraction affects crop climate adaptability.
{"title":"Effect of Abiotic Stress on Plant Growth and Development, Physiological and Breeding Strategies to Overcome Stress Condition","authors":"G. Pawar, Pramod Sargar, G. Naik, Smita Deshmukh, P. Shedge, Swapnil Halge, Avadhut Pawar, P. N. Reddy","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abiotic stress is a significant factor in “climate change,” a complex phenomena with several unpredictable negative repercussions onthe environment. Abiotic stress alters the continuity between soil and plant atmosphere, reducing the yield of several essential crops.Abiotic stress now poses a considerable obstacle to plant development, and it will certainly worsen as desertification spreads acrossa larger section of the planet’s land area. The agriculture sector is significantly impacted by the weather and environment. Traditionalfarming methods and the food production required to sustain the nation’s growing population might be threatened by climate change.Improved cultivars created via breeding for a greater harvest index and disease tolerance were readily embraced during this periodof relatively consistent weather. Extreme climatic variability is projected due to climate change in this century. In many nations thatproduce crops, the agricultural climate will likely be warmer with more unpredictable rainfall, and stress spikes will be more severe. Tomaintain a growing population, agricultural productivity must be increased under more unfavourable environmental conditions. UsingGPS locators and climatic data from across the world, it is now feasible to comprehensively examine the genetic diversity in ancientlocal landraces to characterise the natural selection for local adaptation and to identify potential germplasm for tolerances to highstresses . With the use of candidate gene techniques and next generation sequencing, the physiological and biochemical componentsof these manifestations may be genomically examined. Wild relatives of crops possess practically untapped genetic diversity for abioticand biotic stress tolerances and may greatly improve the domesticated gene pools presently available as a survival omics strategy toassist crops endure the expected extremes of climate change. It is an issue to increase agricultural productivity in the face of climatechange. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to combine a number of disciplines, including eco-geographical assessments of geneticresources, modern advances in genomics, agronomy, and farm management, all of which are backed by knowledge of how genotypeenvironmentinteraction affects crop climate adaptability.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89013414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During 2019-20, and 2020-21 present study was carried out at Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib’s Experimental Farm, Department ofAgriculture. Experimental materials comprising 15 F1s using half diallel mating design involving six parents(HD 1981, PBW 343, CPAN3004, RAJ 2184, PBW 154, and PBW 65) collected from IIWBR (Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research) New Delhi, India and onecheck (HD 2967) was grown in RBD. The variance due to parents was highly significant for most of the traits. Variances due to crosseswere significant for all the traits. Estimation of heterosis, PBW 343 x CPAN 3004 was cross found to be most promising for grain yield/plant. General combing ability (GCA) effects revealed that PBW 65 followed by CPAN 3004 having significant and positive GCA effectsand PBW 65 was observed as the best combiner for yielding characters as no. of grain/plant and on the basis of Specific combiningability (SCA), PBW 154 x PBW 65, PBW 343 x CPAN 3004 and HD 1981 x PBW 65 were recorded best specific combinations for higheryield. The above parents and crosses can be used in hybridization and heterosis breeding.
{"title":"Heterosis and Combining Ability Estimation in Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with the Feasibility of Developing F1 Hybrid in Half Diallel Mating Design","authors":"G. Kaur, Ravi Kumar, Sandeep Singh","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i03.08","url":null,"abstract":"During 2019-20, and 2020-21 present study was carried out at Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib’s Experimental Farm, Department ofAgriculture. Experimental materials comprising 15 F1s using half diallel mating design involving six parents(HD 1981, PBW 343, CPAN3004, RAJ 2184, PBW 154, and PBW 65) collected from IIWBR (Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research) New Delhi, India and onecheck (HD 2967) was grown in RBD. The variance due to parents was highly significant for most of the traits. Variances due to crosseswere significant for all the traits. Estimation of heterosis, PBW 343 x CPAN 3004 was cross found to be most promising for grain yield/plant. General combing ability (GCA) effects revealed that PBW 65 followed by CPAN 3004 having significant and positive GCA effectsand PBW 65 was observed as the best combiner for yielding characters as no. of grain/plant and on the basis of Specific combiningability (SCA), PBW 154 x PBW 65, PBW 343 x CPAN 3004 and HD 1981 x PBW 65 were recorded best specific combinations for higheryield. The above parents and crosses can be used in hybridization and heterosis breeding.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80421689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.02.3896
S. Ikram, M. J. Jaskani, Salman Ikram, M. A. Qureshi, S. Rehman, M. Hussain, W. Shafqat, S. U. Din, M. Zafar, S. Raza, Syed Inam Ullah Shah Bukhari
Viable pollen grains with the ability to germinate after fertilization are necessary for fruit and seed formation. Pollens are sensitive to environmental conditions and quickly lose their viability after anthesis. In vitro storage potential of pollen grains depends on species, genotype, flower type, and storage conditions. The present study's objective was to evaluate pomegranate germplasm's storage potential and to study germination media's influence on short-term stored pollen's germination percentage. Pollens of fifteen pomegranate genotypes were collected and stored at 4 °C for 30 days. Pollen viability was assessed using in vitro pollen germination by the agar-Petri method. The germination media was composed of different concentrations of sucrose, boric acid, and agar. The results showed that germination media (12.5% sucrose + 0.2% agar) supplemented with 10 ppm boric acid gave the highest germination among all cultivars. Among genotypes, maximum (58.3%) germination was observed in Desi and Kandhari red pollens, and minimum (16.3%) was observed in Sandhora. The concentration of boric acid in germination media influenced pollen germination. The highest pollen germination was found at 10 ppm, followed by 5 ppm, and the lowest germination was found in media with no boric acid. Conclusively genotypes show variation in storage potential, and germination media influences post-storage germination rate. The utilization of effective germination media can increase the pollen germination rate for pomegranate genotypes.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Pollen Germination Media for Improving Storage Potential in Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Germplasm","authors":"S. Ikram, M. J. Jaskani, Salman Ikram, M. A. Qureshi, S. Rehman, M. Hussain, W. Shafqat, S. U. Din, M. Zafar, S. Raza, Syed Inam Ullah Shah Bukhari","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.02.3896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.02.3896","url":null,"abstract":"Viable pollen grains with the ability to germinate after fertilization are necessary for fruit and seed formation. Pollens are sensitive to environmental conditions and quickly lose their viability after anthesis. In vitro storage potential of pollen grains depends on species, genotype, flower type, and storage conditions. The present study's objective was to evaluate pomegranate germplasm's storage potential and to study germination media's influence on short-term stored pollen's germination percentage. Pollens of fifteen pomegranate genotypes were collected and stored at 4 °C for 30 days. Pollen viability was assessed using in vitro pollen germination by the agar-Petri method. The germination media was composed of different concentrations of sucrose, boric acid, and agar. The results showed that germination media (12.5% sucrose + 0.2% agar) supplemented with 10 ppm boric acid gave the highest germination among all cultivars. Among genotypes, maximum (58.3%) germination was observed in Desi and Kandhari red pollens, and minimum (16.3%) was observed in Sandhora. The concentration of boric acid in germination media influenced pollen germination. The highest pollen germination was found at 10 ppm, followed by 5 ppm, and the lowest germination was found in media with no boric acid. Conclusively genotypes show variation in storage potential, and germination media influences post-storage germination rate. The utilization of effective germination media can increase the pollen germination rate for pomegranate genotypes.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81850785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.33687/jpe.004.02.3931
Mobeen Arif, K. Bhatti, E. Siddiqui, M. Ajaib, M. Ishtiaq, G. Rehman, Mohsin Ali, A. Khan
The present study focused on water quality assessment of Nullah Aik on various locations of districts Sialkot and Gujranwala, Pakistan. Samples of water from various locations of Nullah were collected in June (Pre-Monsoon) and September (post-Monsoon) in 2020. These samples were taken to the laboratory for assessment of various chemical parameters. Calcium found to be highly significant (p 0.001), total hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) identified as significant (p 0.05) while other parameters i.e., total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, turbidity, Chlorine (Cl), nitrate (NO3), salinity, magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) revealed no significant (p0.05) co-relation. The results indicated that all the parameters had significant spatio-temporal variations during June due to low rain falls which as result higher contaminant concentrations. Whereas during September there were higher flooding due to monsoon rains, consequently the contaminants were found in diluted concentrations. It is concluded that natural as well as anthropogenic factors are responsible for surface water contamination.
{"title":"Water Quality of Nullah Aik on Various Locations of Districts Sialkot and Gujranwala, Pakistan","authors":"Mobeen Arif, K. Bhatti, E. Siddiqui, M. Ajaib, M. Ishtiaq, G. Rehman, Mohsin Ali, A. Khan","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.02.3931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.02.3931","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focused on water quality assessment of Nullah Aik on various locations of districts Sialkot and Gujranwala, Pakistan. Samples of water from various locations of Nullah were collected in June (Pre-Monsoon) and September (post-Monsoon) in 2020. These samples were taken to the laboratory for assessment of various chemical parameters. Calcium found to be highly significant (p 0.001), total hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) identified as significant (p 0.05) while other parameters i.e., total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, turbidity, Chlorine (Cl), nitrate (NO3), salinity, magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) revealed no significant (p0.05) co-relation. The results indicated that all the parameters had significant spatio-temporal variations during June due to low rain falls which as result higher contaminant concentrations. Whereas during September there were higher flooding due to monsoon rains, consequently the contaminants were found in diluted concentrations. It is concluded that natural as well as anthropogenic factors are responsible for surface water contamination.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88889914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adnan Ahmad, Farkhanda Shaheen, Y. Saleem, M. Gillani, Sanniya Rasool, Ramsha Essa, I. Parveen, R. Nadeem, Ramla Ashfaq, M. Sarwar
Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is one of the lethal tomato pathogens. In this study, we collected tomato leaves exhibiting interveinal chlorosis from farmer’s fields in district Lahore, Pakistan. The presence of tobamoviruses was confirmed through extracting RNA, cDNA synthesis, PCR amplification and subsequent sequencing of capsid protein (CP) gene of ToMV that contained 480 nucleotides (encoded for 160 amino acids making ~17 kDa protein) located at 5703rd to 6182nd nucleotide position in ToMV genome. In sequence analysis, Pakistani isolates shared 98.9-99.5% and 97.3-99.3% nucleotide and amino acid homologies with each other and 96-99% and 90-98.6% with other isolates respectively. In phylogenetic analysis the Pakistani isolates grouped with Iranian and Chines isolates, exhibiting higher nucleotides and amino acids identities as well. This research reveals a geographical association among Pakistani, Chines and Iranian ToMV isolates. The study suggests extensive surveys of tobamoviruses infecting field crops for their detailed genetic information.
{"title":"Detection, Identification and Molecular Characterization of Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV) Isolates from Pakistan.","authors":"Adnan Ahmad, Farkhanda Shaheen, Y. Saleem, M. Gillani, Sanniya Rasool, Ramsha Essa, I. Parveen, R. Nadeem, Ramla Ashfaq, M. Sarwar","doi":"10.33687/jpe.004.02.452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jpe.004.02.452","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is one of the lethal tomato pathogens. In this study, we collected tomato leaves exhibiting interveinal chlorosis from farmer’s fields in district Lahore, Pakistan. The presence of tobamoviruses was confirmed through extracting RNA, cDNA synthesis, PCR amplification and subsequent sequencing of capsid protein (CP) gene of ToMV that contained 480 nucleotides (encoded for 160 amino acids making ~17 kDa protein) located at 5703rd to 6182nd nucleotide position in ToMV genome. In sequence analysis, Pakistani isolates shared 98.9-99.5% and 97.3-99.3% nucleotide and amino acid homologies with each other and 96-99% and 90-98.6% with other isolates respectively. In phylogenetic analysis the Pakistani isolates grouped with Iranian and Chines isolates, exhibiting higher nucleotides and amino acids identities as well. This research reveals a geographical association among Pakistani, Chines and Iranian ToMV isolates. The study suggests extensive surveys of tobamoviruses infecting field crops for their detailed genetic information.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87367894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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