Canthiumera neilgherrensis (Wight) K.M. Wong is a rare medicinal plant that is endemic to Southern Western Ghats. Qualitative analysis of phytoconstituents, estimation of total phenol, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids, Antioxidant activity is determined by FRAP and DPPH assay, Antibacterial analysis by agar well gel diffusion method wasdone. Phytochemicals are mostly concentrated in chloroform and methanol extracts. The highest inhibition was found in water extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and which is a gram-negative bacterium. From the result of the assays, it was clear that chloroform and methanolic extracts show significant inhibitory properties. Higher levels of flavonoids and phenols were the reason behind both the antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
{"title":"Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant studies on the leaf extract of an endemic medicinal plant Canthiumera neilgherrensis(Wight) K.M.Wong (Rubiaceae).","authors":"Soja Sujatha, Sunilkumar T. Pillai","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Canthiumera neilgherrensis (Wight) K.M. Wong is a rare medicinal plant that is endemic to Southern Western Ghats. Qualitative analysis of phytoconstituents, estimation of total phenol, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids, Antioxidant activity is determined by FRAP and DPPH assay, Antibacterial analysis by agar well gel diffusion method wasdone. Phytochemicals are mostly concentrated in chloroform and methanol extracts. The highest inhibition was found in water extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and which is a gram-negative bacterium. From the result of the assays, it was clear that chloroform and methanolic extracts show significant inhibitory properties. Higher levels of flavonoids and phenols were the reason behind both the antioxidant and antibacterial activities.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"1162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77672394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Chauhan, Priyanka Sharma, Anjala Durgapal, D. Arya, S. Chandra
Urtica dioica L (Bicchu buti) is anethnobotanical plant.It is a wild herbaceous perennial plant found in the Himalayan region of India and commonly known as stinging nettle. It has ethnobotanical importance, and is used to treat various disorders since ancient times.The aim of this paper is in-silico study of the U. dioica’s phytochemicals on the glucose metabolism related to alpha-amylase. Therefore, in this research, we have assessed the anti-diabetic potential of U. dioica found in Ranikhet tehsil, by in-silico method. Hence, weconducted molecular docking of phytochemicals with a molecular anti-diabetic target i.e., alpha-amylase. From our study, we found4 potential phytochemicals namely; Ursolic acid, Pinoresinol , Beta-Sitosterol, and (-)-Pinoresinol which could be useful in effective drugdevelopment and helpful in the treatment of diabetes problems
{"title":"In-silico Study of an Ethnobotanical Plant; Urtica dioica for Assessing Anti-diabetic Potential","authors":"A. Chauhan, Priyanka Sharma, Anjala Durgapal, D. Arya, S. Chandra","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.09","url":null,"abstract":"Urtica dioica L (Bicchu buti) is anethnobotanical plant.It is a wild herbaceous perennial plant found in the Himalayan region of India and commonly known as stinging nettle. It has ethnobotanical importance, and is used to treat various disorders since ancient times.The aim of this paper is in-silico study of the U. dioica’s phytochemicals on the glucose metabolism related to alpha-amylase. Therefore, in this research, we have assessed the anti-diabetic potential of U. dioica found in Ranikhet tehsil, by in-silico method. Hence, weconducted molecular docking of phytochemicals with a molecular anti-diabetic target i.e., alpha-amylase. From our study, we found4 potential phytochemicals namely; Ursolic acid, Pinoresinol , Beta-Sitosterol, and (-)-Pinoresinol which could be useful in effective drugdevelopment and helpful in the treatment of diabetes problems","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79619533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikam P. Dinkar, Shinde H. Prabhakar, Pawar R. Prabhakar, W. A. Vitthal
The present review article deals with the distribution, morphology, habitat, ecology, threat, and conservation status of Ceropegia anjanerica Malpure et al., in and around Nasik district. The genus Ceropegia L. belongs to the subfamily Asclepiadoideae (milk weeds) within thefamily Apocynaceae. A total of 6 species and 2 varieties of this genus have been recorded in Nasik district viz., C. anjanerica Malpure; Kamble and Yadav, C. bulbosa Roxb. var. bulbosa, C. bulbosa Roxb. var. lushii (Graham) Hook.f., C. hirsuta Wight and Arn., C. lawii Hook.f.,C. mahabalei Hemadri and Ansari, C. media (H. Huber) Ansari and C. vincifolia Hook. Of these species, C. anjanerica is the ‘endangered’ plant species endemic to Anjaneri hills of Nasik district part of the northern western Ghats. The plant body is erect herbaceous withtuberous rootstock, tubers are generally 2-5 cm in diameter, globose or discoid with fibrous roots. Recent investigations show that this species has been recorded from hill tops, plateaus, and adjacent village areas.
本文综述了纳西克地区及其周边地区的美洲角鹬(Ceropegia anjanerica Malpure)的分布、形态、生境、生态、威胁及保护现状。牛乳草属属于夹竹桃科牛乳草亚科。该属共6种2变种记录于Nasik地区，即C. anjanerica Malpure;Kamble和Yadav, C. bulbosa Roxb。变种球根状，球根状。[变体]卢氏(格雷厄姆)胡克C. hirsuta wright和Arn。，C. lawi Hook.f.，C。mahabalei Hemadri和Ansari, C. media (H. Huber) Ansari和C. vincifolia Hook。在这些物种中，C. anjanerica是西部高止山脉北部Nasik地区Anjaneri山特有的“濒危”植物物种。植株为直立草本，根茎为块茎，块茎直径一般为2-5厘米，球状或盘状，具纤维根。最近的调查表明，该物种在山顶、高原和邻近的村庄地区都有记录。
{"title":"Occurrence and Conservation Status of Ceropegia anjanerica Malpure et al., in Nasik District","authors":"Nikam P. Dinkar, Shinde H. Prabhakar, Pawar R. Prabhakar, W. A. Vitthal","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.13","url":null,"abstract":"The present review article deals with the distribution, morphology, habitat, ecology, threat, and conservation status of Ceropegia anjanerica Malpure et al., in and around Nasik district. The genus Ceropegia L. belongs to the subfamily Asclepiadoideae (milk weeds) within thefamily Apocynaceae. A total of 6 species and 2 varieties of this genus have been recorded in Nasik district viz., C. anjanerica Malpure; Kamble and Yadav, C. bulbosa Roxb. var. bulbosa, C. bulbosa Roxb. var. lushii (Graham) Hook.f., C. hirsuta Wight and Arn., C. lawii Hook.f.,C. mahabalei Hemadri and Ansari, C. media (H. Huber) Ansari and C. vincifolia Hook. Of these species, C. anjanerica is the ‘endangered’ plant species endemic to Anjaneri hills of Nasik district part of the northern western Ghats. The plant body is erect herbaceous withtuberous rootstock, tubers are generally 2-5 cm in diameter, globose or discoid with fibrous roots. Recent investigations show that this species has been recorded from hill tops, plateaus, and adjacent village areas.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74621635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palaeobotanical investigations were conducted on plant macrofossils obtained from the Middle Siwalik sediments of Sarkaghat, Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh, India as part of this current communication. This study discovered the existence of two previously unknownfossil species that correspond to the taxa that are now living, Lagerstroemia Linn. and Millettia Wight & Arn. of the families Lythraceae and Fabaceae, respectively. These modern comparable taxa of the macrofossils reported here are distributed in the tropical evergreen tomoist deciduous forests of the south-east Asian region which may suggest that tropical forests under moist conditions were prevalent during the Upper Miocene times in this region in contrast to mixed deciduous forest under the reduced precipitation at present. It alsoindicates the prevalence of a humid tropical climate during the Miocene in the Sarkaghat area.
{"title":"Fossil Species of Lagerstroemia and Millettia from Miocene Strata of the Sarkaghat Region in the Sub-Himalayan Zone of Himachal Pradesh, India, and their Palaeobotanical Inferences","authors":"A. Alok, M. Prasad, Shashi Shashi, S. Pandey","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.08","url":null,"abstract":"Palaeobotanical investigations were conducted on plant macrofossils obtained from the Middle Siwalik sediments of Sarkaghat, Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh, India as part of this current communication. This study discovered the existence of two previously unknownfossil species that correspond to the taxa that are now living, Lagerstroemia Linn. and Millettia Wight & Arn. of the families Lythraceae and Fabaceae, respectively. These modern comparable taxa of the macrofossils reported here are distributed in the tropical evergreen tomoist deciduous forests of the south-east Asian region which may suggest that tropical forests under moist conditions were prevalent during the Upper Miocene times in this region in contrast to mixed deciduous forest under the reduced precipitation at present. It alsoindicates the prevalence of a humid tropical climate during the Miocene in the Sarkaghat area.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87091835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbial biofertilizers can be effective alternatives to fulfil plants' nutritional requirements as chemical fertilisers are considered unsustainable and a threat to environmental and health concerns. However, farmers hardly adopt these bioinoculants due to the uncertainty of their effectiveness in field conditions. In this study, we used porous dry organic materials obtained from biodegradable nontoxic agro-waste and process byproducts from agro-based industries which can act as a suitable carriers and protect the microbes during storage, marketing and field application. In this study, we created various formulations for Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtilis by combination presmud, cow dung manure as the organic matrix and jaggery, molasses, and serous gum as the binder and clay as the stabilizer. Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtilis increased straw and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over the unimmobilized biofertilizers and other used matrixes and binders in irrigated as well as water stressed cropping conditions. The immobilized biofertilizers significantly increased soil fertility and nutrient availability compared to the unimmobilized PGPRs. The formulation IBF-VI showed a 35.9 and a 61.21% increase in grain and straw yields, respectively, over unimmobilized PGPRs. Interestingly, the biofertilizers immobilized in the organic matrix have supported similar grain and straw yield recorded for the synthetic chemical fertilizer’s urea and DAP. The performance of selected immobilized biofertilizers was further examined at various water regimes to measure their efficacy in wheat growing under water stress. The studies show that immobilizing microbial biofertilizers in sugar mill waste press mud and molasses for granule production improves the performance of the microbial biofertilizers. These compounds are abundant and inexpensive locally, and small-scale entrepreneurs can supply them on a small scale. The findings provide a new potential for producing and marketing customised effective microbial bio-fertiliser formulations in rural areas using small industrial setups.
{"title":"Assessing the efficacy of different formulations of organic granules immobilizing Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtilis on productivity and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different water regimes","authors":"Priyesh Kumar, R. P. Singh","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial biofertilizers can be effective alternatives to fulfil plants' nutritional requirements as chemical fertilisers are considered unsustainable and a threat to environmental and health concerns. However, farmers hardly adopt these bioinoculants due to the uncertainty of their effectiveness in field conditions. In this study, we used porous dry organic materials obtained from biodegradable nontoxic agro-waste and process byproducts from agro-based industries which can act as a suitable carriers and protect the microbes during storage, marketing and field application. In this study, we created various formulations for Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtilis by combination presmud, cow dung manure as the organic matrix and jaggery, molasses, and serous gum as the binder and clay as the stabilizer. Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtilis increased straw and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over the unimmobilized biofertilizers and other used matrixes and binders in irrigated as well as water stressed cropping conditions. The immobilized biofertilizers significantly increased soil fertility and nutrient availability compared to the unimmobilized PGPRs. The formulation IBF-VI showed a 35.9 and a 61.21% increase in grain and straw yields, respectively, over unimmobilized PGPRs. Interestingly, the biofertilizers immobilized in the organic matrix have supported similar grain and straw yield recorded for the synthetic chemical fertilizer’s urea and DAP. The performance of selected immobilized biofertilizers was further examined at various water regimes to measure their efficacy in wheat growing under water stress. The studies show that immobilizing microbial biofertilizers in sugar mill waste press mud and molasses for granule production improves the performance of the microbial biofertilizers. These compounds are abundant and inexpensive locally, and small-scale entrepreneurs can supply them on a small scale. The findings provide a new potential for producing and marketing customised effective microbial bio-fertiliser formulations in rural areas using small industrial setups.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84419664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pratik Dokhe, Swapnil Girme, Mukul M. Barawant, G. Abdi
One of the significant members of the perennial, terrestrial plant family Apocynaceae is Allamanda blanchetii. Its gorgeous blossom has led to its cultivation as an ornamental plant. Many ailments can be cured using medicinal herbs. We have presented the preliminary analysis of A. blanchetii in this work. In this work, we have provided a phytochemical analysis of A. blanchetii, which may suggest that it has therapeutic potential. The chloroform, acetone, and methanol leaf extract has been demonstrated to contain flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins. We also research A. blanchetii biological makeup. Three different chlorophyll concentrations are shown: total chlorophyll (4.90 mg/g tissue), chlorophyll a (2.78 mg/g tissue), and chlorophyll b (2.71 mg/g tissue). carbs (35.30%), protein (23.5%), and fat (3.5%). While using thin layer chromatography (TLC) to detect different chemical compositions, the results revealed that the Rf value was 0.56 and that the colour band was yellowish. by adopting the AOAC standard technique, it is possible to study the pharmacological potential using variables such as moisture content, ash value, and extractive value in alcohol and water. The results show that there is 78.96% moisture content, 21.03% ash value, 30.40% extractive value in water, and 40.30% alcohol. The study’s findings indicate that A. blanchetii has therapeutic qualities and is useful for human society.
{"title":"Biochemical, Phytochemical Screening and Pharmacological Potential of Allamanda blanchetii (Purple Allamanda)","authors":"Pratik Dokhe, Swapnil Girme, Mukul M. Barawant, G. Abdi","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.15","url":null,"abstract":"One of the significant members of the perennial, terrestrial plant family Apocynaceae is Allamanda blanchetii. Its gorgeous blossom has led to its cultivation as an ornamental plant. Many ailments can be cured using medicinal herbs. We have presented the preliminary analysis of A. blanchetii in this work. In this work, we have provided a phytochemical analysis of A. blanchetii, which may suggest that it has therapeutic potential. The chloroform, acetone, and methanol leaf extract has been demonstrated to contain flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins. We also research A. blanchetii biological makeup. Three different chlorophyll concentrations are shown: total chlorophyll (4.90 mg/g tissue), chlorophyll a (2.78 mg/g tissue), and chlorophyll b (2.71 mg/g tissue). carbs (35.30%), protein (23.5%), and fat (3.5%). While using thin layer chromatography (TLC) to detect different chemical compositions, the results revealed that the Rf value was 0.56 and that the colour band was yellowish. by adopting the AOAC standard technique, it is possible to study the pharmacological potential using variables such as moisture content, ash value, and extractive value in alcohol and water. The results show that there is 78.96% moisture content, 21.03% ash value, 30.40% extractive value in water, and 40.30% alcohol. The study’s findings indicate that A. blanchetii has therapeutic qualities and is useful for human society.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75783753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to determine how growing the green manure crop Dhaincha (Sesbania sesban) in acidic soil conditions affected the soil characteristics, nutrient availability, and rice productivity, among other things, a field study was conducted in the crop cafeteria at Galgotias University's School of Agriculture in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh from July 2019 to July 2022. As per the study, the green manure performed patch considerably increased the change in the soil physical qualities and availability of nutrients. In comparison to plots where Sesbania sesban was not grown-up as a green manure crop in the introduction of Sesbania sesban increased paddy output. The field investigation, which was carried out in the university's cafeteria in 2018, discovered that the soil's pH was 8.75, slowly and steadily improving to 8.0. The amount of soil organic carbon was low in 2018 at 0.27, 0.35 in 2019, 0.39 in 2020, and 0.45% in 2021, respectively. The application of green manure, vermi-compost, cow dung manure, gypsum, and Sesbania (Sesbania sesban) as part of an approved scientific method led to an improvement in soil quality. This also led to an increase in the production of agricultural crops.
{"title":"Sesbania - A Green Manure for Soil Productivity and Crop Enhancement","authors":"G. Bhatt","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.11","url":null,"abstract":"In order to determine how growing the green manure crop Dhaincha (Sesbania sesban) in acidic soil conditions affected the soil characteristics, nutrient availability, and rice productivity, among other things, a field study was conducted in the crop cafeteria at Galgotias University's School of Agriculture in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh from July 2019 to July 2022. As per the study, the green manure performed patch considerably increased the change in the soil physical qualities and availability of nutrients. In comparison to plots where Sesbania sesban was not grown-up as a green manure crop in the introduction of Sesbania sesban increased paddy output. The field investigation, which was carried out in the university's cafeteria in 2018, discovered that the soil's pH was 8.75, slowly and steadily improving to 8.0. The amount of soil organic carbon was low in 2018 at 0.27, 0.35 in 2019, 0.39 in 2020, and 0.45% in 2021, respectively. The application of green manure, vermi-compost, cow dung manure, gypsum, and Sesbania (Sesbania sesban) as part of an approved scientific method led to an improvement in soil quality. This also led to an increase in the production of agricultural crops.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80053992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Singh, J. S. Singh, Hema Singh, Rohit K. Mishra
The world is undergoing rapid urbanization and experiencing its negative impacts, often due to the loss of urban green infrastructure. This study focuses on the green infrastructure of Varanasi city, India, and analyses current tree species diversity, and carbon storage in aboveground and belowground biomass and soil. The study calculated the biomass of urban green infrastructure because it serves as a carbon stock reservoir. As random sampling, data were collected from 24 sample plots across various urban green infrastructure sites via rigorous fieldwork. The biomass was then recorded using a non-destructive approach and a standard equation by King et al.2006. The diversity of tree species was recorded across urban green infrastructure sites, and was found to be higher in the BHU site, and lower in the MA site. The Pielou’s evenness index and Margellef’s richness index were found to be higher in the BHU site, while they were found to be lower in UPAC and MA sites, respectively. Aboveground biomass and total carbon stock were found to be high in the BLW site, with values of 1939.84 ton/ha and 7806 ton/ha, respectively, with trees having a larger girth circumference being the primary contributors. The findings of this study prove a better understanding of tree species diversity, biomass, and carbon stock of different green infrastructure sites of Varanasi city and generate evidence on how urban green space preservation and green infrastructure development may help to the countries' green economic transformation and sustainable, resilient, and low-carbon cities.
世界正在经历快速城市化，并经历其负面影响，往往是由于城市绿色基础设施的损失。本研究以印度瓦拉纳西市的绿色基础设施为研究对象，分析了目前的树种多样性、地上、地下生物量和土壤中的碳储量。该研究计算了城市绿色基础设施的生物量，因为它是一个碳库。作为随机抽样，通过严格的实地调查，从不同城市绿色基础设施站点的24个样地收集数据。然后使用非破坏性方法和King等人(2006年)的标准方程记录生物量。不同城市绿化基础设施站点的树种多样性表现为BHU站点较高，MA站点较低。BHU样地的Pielou均匀度指数和Margellef丰富度指数较高，而UPAC和MA样地的Pielou均匀度指数较低。地上生物量和总碳储量均较高，分别为1939.84和7806 t /ha，其中周长较大的树木是主要的碳贡献源。本研究的结果证明了对瓦拉纳西市不同绿色基础设施站点的树种多样性、生物量和碳储量的更好理解，并为城市绿地保护和绿色基础设施发展如何有助于各国的绿色经济转型和可持续、有弹性和低碳城市提供证据。
{"title":"Quantifying carbon Stock and tree species diversity of green infrastructure of Varanasi, India","authors":"A. Singh, J. S. Singh, Hema Singh, Rohit K. Mishra","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The world is undergoing rapid urbanization and experiencing its negative impacts, often due to the loss of urban green infrastructure. This study focuses on the green infrastructure of Varanasi city, India, and analyses current tree species diversity, and carbon storage in aboveground and belowground biomass and soil. The study calculated the biomass of urban green infrastructure because it serves as a carbon stock reservoir. As random sampling, data were collected from 24 sample plots across various urban green infrastructure sites via rigorous fieldwork. The biomass was then recorded using a non-destructive approach and a standard equation by King et al.2006. The diversity of tree species was recorded across urban green infrastructure sites, and was found to be higher in the BHU site, and lower in the MA site. The Pielou’s evenness index and Margellef’s richness index were found to be higher in the BHU site, while they were found to be lower in UPAC and MA sites, respectively. Aboveground biomass and total carbon stock were found to be high in the BLW site, with values of 1939.84 ton/ha and 7806 ton/ha, respectively, with trees having a larger girth circumference being the primary contributors. The findings of this study prove a better understanding of tree species diversity, biomass, and carbon stock of different green infrastructure sites of Varanasi city and generate evidence on how urban green space preservation and green infrastructure development may help to the countries' green economic transformation and sustainable, resilient, and low-carbon cities. ","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85454283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alka Gupta, R. Sagar, Aakansha Pandey, Kajal G Singh
Grasslands are one of the largest carbon sinks and are crucial in the carbon cycle. However, modelling each species' carbon versus cover relationship is complex, and modelling ground flora covers of plant functional types simplify model development and provide a helpful link between physiologic strategies and ecosystem processes. The present experiment randomly selected 115 quadrats of 1×1 meters from the Banaras Hindu University campus. The cover of each herbaceous species was recorded by visual charting method and measured by gridding each 1×1 meter quadrat into 100 cells; each represented 1% cover. Species-wise, herbage carbon content was calculated. Species-wise, herbage carbon, and cover were further categorized into different functional types. Prostate, perennials, grasses, and native plants accumulate more carbon and could solve global warming problems. The established regression equation between plant cover and carbon content could be used at a worldwide scale for non-destructive estimation of carbon at functional group levels. Furthermore, non-destructive methods are superior to destructive methods in maintaining the diversity of tropical grassland because biomass harvesting can destroy the habitat spaces of rare and endangered species.
{"title":"Establishment of regression equation between the herbaceous cover and herbage carbon of different plant functional types in a dry tropical grassland of BHU, Varanasi","authors":"Alka Gupta, R. Sagar, Aakansha Pandey, Kajal G Singh","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Grasslands are one of the largest carbon sinks and are crucial in the carbon cycle. However, modelling each species' carbon versus cover relationship is complex, and modelling ground flora covers of plant functional types simplify model development and provide a helpful link between physiologic strategies and ecosystem processes. The present experiment randomly selected 115 quadrats of 1×1 meters from the Banaras Hindu University campus. The cover of each herbaceous species was recorded by visual charting method and measured by gridding each 1×1 meter quadrat into 100 cells; each represented 1% cover. Species-wise, herbage carbon content was calculated. Species-wise, herbage carbon, and cover were further categorized into different functional types. Prostate, perennials, grasses, and native plants accumulate more carbon and could solve global warming problems. The established regression equation between plant cover and carbon content could be used at a worldwide scale for non-destructive estimation of carbon at functional group levels. Furthermore, non-destructive methods are superior to destructive methods in maintaining the diversity of tropical grassland because biomass harvesting can destroy the habitat spaces of rare and endangered species.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89490893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organic pollutants have grown to be a serious global problem because of their massive creation, widespread application, and eventual discharge. Due to biomagnification, accumulation, and their harmful acute and chronic impacts on all living things, these substances significantly increased the load on the ecosystem and its potential threats. Reducing the risk factors associated with organic contaminantsthrough rhizospheric microfilms is crucial. Rhizoremediation is phytoremediation that removes toxins from the soil using plant roots and the rhizospheric microorganisms living on them. Research has shown that one of the best techniques is bioremediation utilizing plants. Utilizing bacteria from plants offers a lot of potential for rhizoremediation. Dangerous environmental contaminants include toxic industry byproducts, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine insecticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). These substances are categorized as global concern chemicals due to their propensity to travel long distances, remain in the environment, and potential for bio-accumulation and bio-magnification through the food chain. Organic pollutants can be broken down from the soil by soil microflora, which can also promote plant development in stressful environments. Plant-microbe interaction is essential for removing contaminants from the soil. Cleaning up these and harmful pollutants is therefore essential together with microbes; phytoremediation is an economical way to remove the pollutants from the soil, air, and water that is also environmentally acceptable.
{"title":"Organic Contaminants are Degraded by Rhizospheric Microorganisms: A Review","authors":"R. Thakur","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Organic pollutants have grown to be a serious global problem because of their massive creation, widespread application, and eventual discharge. Due to biomagnification, accumulation, and their harmful acute and chronic impacts on all living things, these substances significantly increased the load on the ecosystem and its potential threats. Reducing the risk factors associated with organic contaminantsthrough rhizospheric microfilms is crucial. Rhizoremediation is phytoremediation that removes toxins from the soil using plant roots and the rhizospheric microorganisms living on them. Research has shown that one of the best techniques is bioremediation utilizing plants. Utilizing bacteria from plants offers a lot of potential for rhizoremediation. Dangerous environmental contaminants include toxic industry byproducts, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine insecticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). These substances are categorized as global concern chemicals due to their propensity to travel long distances, remain in the environment, and potential for bio-accumulation and bio-magnification through the food chain. Organic pollutants can be broken down from the soil by soil microflora, which can also promote plant development in stressful environments. Plant-microbe interaction is essential for removing contaminants from the soil. Cleaning up these and harmful pollutants is therefore essential together with microbes; phytoremediation is an economical way to remove the pollutants from the soil, air, and water that is also environmentally acceptable.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"76 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74366845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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