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2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)最新文献

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Analytical model of a phase-shift controlled three-level zero-voltage switching converter 相移控制三电平零电压开关变换器的解析模型
Pub Date : 2016-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7468210
C. Bakker, B. Vermulst, A. Driessen
Soft-switching of resonant dc-dc converters is used to enable high switching-frequencies and miniaturization of filter components. These converters are typically modeled using a first-harmonic approximation. This results in generalization of the operating modes, by only using the first harmonic of the converter. In this paper a phase-shift controlled series-resonant converter is analyzed per operating mode using an accurate analysis. For each operating mode, an analytical expression is derived resulting in a more accurate representation of the converter behavior when compared to first-harmonic approximation. Experimental results show that the model accurately predicts the converter.
谐振型dc-dc变换器采用软开关技术实现高开关频率和滤波器元件的小型化。这些变换器通常使用一阶谐波近似来建模。这导致工作模式的泛化,仅使用变换器的一阶谐波。本文对相移控制串联谐振变换器的工作模式进行了精确的分析。对于每种工作模式,导出了解析表达式,与一阶谐波近似相比,可以更准确地表示转换器的行为。实验结果表明,该模型能准确地预测转炉的性能。
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引用次数: 2
Digitized self-oscillating loop for piezoelectric transformer-based power converters 基于压电变压器的电力变换器的数字化自振荡回路
Pub Date : 2016-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7468056
Marzieh Ekhtiari, T. Andersen, Zhe Zhang, M. Andersen
A new method is implemented in designing of self-oscillating loop for driving piezoelectric transformers. The implemented method is based on combining both analog and digital control systems. Digitized delay, or digitized phase shift through the self-oscillating loop results in a very precise frequency control and ensures an optimum operation of the piezoelectric transformer in terms of voltage gain and efficiency. In this work, additional time delay is implemented digitally for the first time through 16 bit digital-to-analog converter to the self-oscillating loop. Delay control setpoints updates at a rate of 417 kHz. This allows the control loop to dynamically follow frequency changes of the transformer in each resonant cycle. The operation principle behind self-oscillating is discussed in this paper. Moreover, experimental results are reported.
提出了一种新的压电变压器驱动自激回路设计方法。所实现的方法是基于模拟和数字控制系统相结合。数字化延迟或数字化相移通过自振荡回路实现非常精确的频率控制,并确保压电变压器在电压增益和效率方面的最佳运行。在这项工作中,额外的时间延迟首次通过16位数模转换器实现到自振荡回路。延迟控制设定值以417 kHz的速率更新。这允许控制回路在每个谐振周期内动态跟踪变压器的频率变化。本文讨论了自振荡的工作原理。并报道了实验结果。
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引用次数: 3
Integrated DC-DC converter design for Electric Vehicle powertrains 电动汽车动力系统集成DC-DC变换器设计
Pub Date : 2016-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7467907
Saeed Anwar, Weimin Zhang, Fred Wang, D. Costinett
In this paper, an integrated, reconfigurable DC-DC converter for plugin and hybrid Electric Vehicles (EV) is proposed. The converter integrates functionality for both EV powertrain and charging operation into a single unit. During charging, the proposed converter functions as a DAB converter, providing galvanic isolation. For powertrain operation, the converter functions as an interleaved boost converter. During light load powertrain operation, the efficiency of the converter can be further improved by employing the integrated DAB. The proposed integrated converter does not require any extra relays or contactors for charging and powertrain operation. By using such integration, the overall volume and weight of the power electronics circuits, passives and associated cooling system can be improved. In addition, the power flow efficiency from EV battery to the high voltage DC bus for the motor inverter can be improved. The experimental results of the prototype are presented to verify the functionality of the proposed converter.
提出了一种集成的、可重构的插电式混合动力汽车DC-DC变换器。转换器将电动汽车动力系统和充电操作的功能集成到一个单元中。在充电过程中,所提出的转换器作为DAB转换器,提供电流隔离。对于动力系统操作,转换器的功能是交错升压转换器。在轻负荷动力系统运行时,采用集成DAB可以进一步提高变换器的效率。拟议的集成转换器不需要任何额外的继电器或接触器来充电和动力系统操作。通过使用这种集成,电力电子电路、无源和相关冷却系统的总体体积和重量可以得到改善。此外,还可以提高电动汽车电池到电机逆变器高压直流母线的功率流效率。最后给出了样机的实验结果,验证了该转换器的功能。
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引用次数: 18
Temperature-dependent turn-on loss analysis for GaN HFETs GaN hfet的温度依赖性导通损耗分析
Pub Date : 2016-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7467994
E. Jones, Fred Wang, D. Costinett, Zheyu Zhang, Ben Guo
Enhancement-mode GaN HFETs enable efficient high-frequency converter design, but this technology is relatively new and exhibits different characteristics from Si or SiC MOSFETs. GaN performance at elevated temperature is especially unique. Turn-on time increases significantly with temperature, and turn-on losses increase as a result. This phenomenon can be explained based on the relationships between junction temperature and GaN device transconductance, and between transconductance and turn-on time. An analytical relationship between temperature and turn-on loss has been derived for the 650-V GS66508 from GaN Systems, and verified with experimental results. Based on this relationship, a detailed model is developed, and a simplified scaling factor is proposed for estimating turn-on loss in e-mode GaN HFETs, using room-temperature switching characterization and typically published datasheet parameters.
增强型GaN hfet可以实现高效的高频转换器设计,但这种技术相对较新,并且与Si或SiC mosfet具有不同的特性。氮化镓在高温下的性能尤其独特。导通时间随温度显著增加,导通损耗随之增加。这种现象可以根据结温与GaN器件的跨导以及跨导与导通时间之间的关系来解释。本文推导了GaN公司650-V GS66508的温度与导通损耗的解析关系,并用实验结果进行了验证。基于这种关系,建立了一个详细的模型,并提出了一个简化的比例因子,用于估计e模GaN hfet的导通损耗,使用室温开关特性和通常公布的数据表参数。
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引用次数: 36
EMC investigation of a Very High Frequency self-oscillating resonant power converter 甚高频自振荡谐振功率变换器的电磁兼容性研究
Pub Date : 2016-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7468072
Jeppe Pedersen, A. Knott, M. Andersen
This paper focuses on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance of a Very High Frequency (VHF) converter and how to lower the emissions. To test the EMC performance a VHF converter is implemented with a Class-E inverter and a Class-DE rectifier. The converter is designed to deliver 3 W to a 60 V LED, it has a switching frequency of 37 MHz and achieves an efficiency of 80%. For an LED driver to be used on the consumer market it has to fulfil the standard regarding EMC emissions. The conducted emission is often used as a reason to increase the switching frequency to the VHF range to avoid the regulations. This converter shows to be well below the levels for conducted emission even without filtering. For the radiated emissions the converter is above the limits without input and output filters. Several designs with different ways to lower the emissions are implemented and the different layouts and filtering are compared and discussed.
本文主要研究甚高频(VHF)变换器的电磁兼容性能以及如何降低其发射。为了测试VHF变换器的电磁兼容性能,设计了一个e类逆变器和一个de类整流器。该转换器设计为向60v LED输出3w,开关频率为37mhz,效率为80%。对于要在消费市场上使用的LED驱动器,它必须满足有关EMC排放的标准。传导发射常被用作将开关频率提高到甚高频范围以规避规定的理由。该转换器显示,即使没有滤波,也远低于传导发射的水平。对于辐射发射,变换器在没有输入和输出滤波器的情况下高于限值。采用了几种不同的降低排放方式的设计,并对不同的布局和过滤方式进行了比较和讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of thermal cycling stress on semiconductor devices of the Modular Multilevel Converter for drive applications 驱动用模块化多电平变换器半导体器件的热循环应力分析
Pub Date : 2016-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7468283
Xiangyu Han, Qichen Yang, L. Wu, M. Saeedifard
Thermal cycling stress is one of the most potential factors challenging the reliability/lifetime of semiconductor devices and cause of their failures. This paper analyzes and investigates the impacts of various control strategies on thermal cycling stress of the semiconductor devices of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) for drive applications. Various control strategies based on injecting a common-mode voltage and a circulating current are investigated and their impacts on power loss distribution and thermal cycling of the semiconductor devices of the MMC-based drive systems are evaluated. Simulation results in the MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment are presented to evaluate the accuracy of the analysis and impacts of three control strategies on power losses and thermal distribution of semiconductor devices of the MMC-based drive system.
热循环应力是影响半导体器件可靠性和寿命的最潜在因素之一,也是半导体器件失效的主要原因。分析和研究了驱动用模块化多电平变换器(MMC)半导体器件的不同控制策略对其热循环应力的影响。研究了基于注入共模电压和循环电流的各种控制策略,并评估了它们对mmc驱动系统中半导体器件的功率损耗分布和热循环的影响。在MATLAB/SIMULINK软件环境下进行了仿真,评估了三种控制策略对mmc驱动系统中半导体器件功耗和热分布的影响以及分析的准确性。
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引用次数: 9
Comprehensive parametric analyses of thermally aged power MOSFETs for failure precursor identification and lifetime estimation based on gate threshold voltage 基于门阈值电压的热老化功率mosfet失效前兆识别和寿命估计的综合参数分析
Pub Date : 2016-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7468158
S. Dusmez, B. Akin
Thermal/power cycles are widely acknowledged methods to accelerate the package related extrinsic failures. Many studies have focused on particular failure precursor at a time and continuously monitored it using custom-built circuits. Due to the difficulties in taking sensitive measurements, the reported findings are more on the quantities requiring less sensitive measurements such as on-state resistance. In this paper, a custom-designed test bed is used to age a number of power MOSFETs and an automated curve tracer is utilized to capture parametric variations in I-V curves, transfer capacitances and gate charges at certain time intervals throughout the aging. The results suggest that the failure precursors which exhibit continuously increasing trend are the on-state resistance, body diode voltage drop, parasitic capacitances and threshold voltage. Based on the results, an exponential empirical model for the gate threshold voltage that fits successfully with the experimental data is proposed. Furthermore, Kalman Filter is employed to filter out the measurement noise and model uncertainties, which is also used to estimate the remaining useful lifetime of the degraded switches.
热/功率循环是公认的加速封装相关外部失效的方法。许多研究都集中在一次特定的故障前兆上,并使用定制的电路对其进行持续监测。由于进行敏感测量的困难,报告的发现更多地是关于需要较少敏感测量的量,如导通状态电阻。在本文中,使用定制设计的试验台对多个功率mosfet进行老化,并使用自动曲线示踪器在整个老化过程中以一定的时间间隔捕获I-V曲线、转移电容和栅极电荷的参数变化。结果表明,导通电阻、体二极管压降、寄生电容和阈值电压均呈持续增加趋势。在此基础上,提出了与实验数据拟合的栅极阈值电压指数经验模型。此外,利用卡尔曼滤波器滤除测量噪声和模型不确定性,并用于估计退化开关的剩余使用寿命。
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引用次数: 12
Clarification of relationship between current ripple and power density in bidirectional DC-DC converter 澄清双向DC-DC变换器中电流纹波与功率密度的关系
Pub Date : 2016-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7468130
H. Le, K. Orikawa, J. Itoh
This paper clarifies the relationship between the current ripple and the power density in bidirectional DC-DC converters. In the conventional power density design method, in order to obtain the pareto-front curve of the power density and the efficiency, the current ripple is designed as constant value, whereas the switching frequency is varied. As a result, the possibilities of higher power density or higher efficiency at different current ripple are not considered. Therefore, in this paper, the current ripple is also varied in order to evaluate all the designable power density. Specifically, a design flow chart is introduced to show step-by-step how to express all the losses and the volume of the converter as functions of the current ripple. Several 1-kW prototypes are constructed in order to confirm the validity of the design flow chart. By varying the current ripple, the highest power density of 10.1 kW/dm3 with the efficiency of 98.55% is achieved at the current ripple of 60%. Furthermore, the maximum error between the calculated and experimental power density and efficiency are 19.5% and 0.22 pt. respectively.
本文阐述了双向DC-DC变换器中电流纹波与功率密度的关系。在传统的功率密度设计方法中,为了得到功率密度和效率的帕累托前曲线,将电流纹波设计为恒定值,而开关频率是变化的。因此,没有考虑不同纹波电流下更高的功率密度或效率的可能性。因此,在本文中,电流纹波也被改变,以评估所有可设计的功率密度。具体地说,设计流程图介绍了如何一步一步地表示所有的损耗和转换器的体积作为电流纹波的函数。为了确认设计流程图的有效性,构建了几个1千瓦的原型。通过改变电流纹波,在电流纹波为60%的情况下,实现了最高功率密度10.1 kW/dm3,效率为98.55%。功率密度和效率与实验值的最大误差分别为19.5%和0.22 pt。
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引用次数: 4
Synchronization strategies in cascaded H-Bridge multi level inverters for carrier based sinusoidal PWM techniques 基于载波正弦脉宽调制技术的级联h桥多电平逆变器同步策略
Pub Date : 2016-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7467873
S. Sahoo, T. Bhattacharya
This paper proposes synchronization strategies for cascaded H-Bridge multi level inverter (CHBMLI) topologies with carrier based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques. It is presented how synchronous carriers are generated in desired phase and frequency from the instantaneous voltage references to maintain 3-Φ, half wave and quarter wave symmetries among inverter pole voltage outputs for carrier based sinusoidal PWM of CHBMLI. To achieve dynamic synchronization, the triangular carriers are generated from the instantaneous voltage references in a phase locked manner. The scheme is experimentally tested with phase shifted PWM technique for both open loop Vbyf and closed loop vector control of squirrel cage induction motor drive supplied from a 3-Φ 5 level CHBMLI and the results are presented.
提出了基于载波正弦脉宽调制(PWM)技术的级联h桥多电平逆变器(CHBMLI)拓扑同步策略。介绍了基于载波的CHBMLI正弦PWM如何从瞬时参考电压产生所需相位和频率的同步载波,以保持逆变器极电压输出之间的3-Φ、半波和四分之一波对称性。为了实现动态同步,三角形载流子以锁相方式从瞬时电压基准产生。采用移相PWM技术对3-Φ 5级CHBMLI供电的鼠笼式异步电动机开环Vbyf和闭环矢量控制进行了实验测试,并给出了实验结果。
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引用次数: 10
Phase compensation, ZVS operation of wireless power transfer system based on SOGI-PLL 基于SOGI-PLL的无线电力传输系统的相位补偿、ZVS操作
Pub Date : 2016-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7468320
Ping-an Tan, Haibing He, Xieping Gao
Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is now recognized as an efficient means of transferring power because having numerous advantages over conventional wired power transfer system. The phase delays, for example induced in the sampling process, the algorithm implementation process, the signal transduction process, etc. are widely found during the implementation of WPT system, which significantly degrade the system performance. Moreover, it would be extremely necessary to implement the Soft-Switching of the converter and the necessary dead time imposed by the drivers should be compatible with the resonant current phase lag control. This paper proposes a Direct Phase Control (DPC) approach, based on Second-Order Generalized Integrator Phase-Locked Loop (SOGI-PLL), to provide accurate phase compensation and stable ZVS operation in the WPT. The DPC determines the phase difference Δθ of WPT, which include the phase difference θι between the output voltage and current of the converter and the phase delay θ"ι derived from the sampling process. The SOGI-PLL provides the phase of system for adjusting the output voltage frequency of the converter dynamically. Experimental results convincingly demonstrate that with the proposed method the phase delay can be compensated accurately and the ZVS operation can be achieved simultaneously.
无线电力传输(WPT)技术是目前公认的一种有效的电力传输手段,因为它比传统的有线电力传输系统具有许多优点。在WPT系统的实现过程中,普遍存在采样过程、算法实现过程、信号转导过程等引起的相位延迟,严重降低了系统的性能。此外,实现变换器的软开关是非常必要的,驱动器施加的必要死区时间应与谐振电流相位滞后控制相兼容。本文提出了一种基于二阶广义积分器锁相环(SOGI-PLL)的直接相位控制(DPC)方法,以在WPT中提供精确的相位补偿和稳定的ZVS运行。DPC决定WPT的相位差Δθ,其中包括变换器输出电压和电流之间的相位差θι和采样过程产生的相位延迟θ"ι。SOGI-PLL提供系统相位,用于动态调节变换器的输出电压频率。实验结果令人信服地表明,该方法可以准确地补偿相位延迟,并且可以同时实现ZVS操作。
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引用次数: 13
期刊
2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
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