Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0509-0516
P. Rajpoot, Ajay Kumar
Rainfall variability with time and space plays a crucial role in agricultural and other planning as drinking water supply. Jaipur, district of Rajasthan state is facing the problem of rainfall variation at monthly, seasonal and annual time scales. The present study covers rainfall and remotely sensed data to analyze the drought intensity and frequency during 1957 to 2012 to find out environmental stress as meteorological drought. Drought intensity is determined by suggested criteria of Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and find out the drought frequency. Monthly rainfall is not good for agricultural activity and more than 60-% months of a calendar year have droughts. Seasonal rainfall is normal but post monsoon season is suffering with frequent drought which is more than 60-%. Annual rainfall is good and cyclic for crop saving and 70-% years have normal rainfall (± 25-% from normal rainfall) and rest of 30-% moderate to severe drought. NDVI is showing the effect of no, mild and severe drought on vegetation. Rainfall data shows that Jaipur witness almost one drought decade and adjacent high rainfall decade. It is expected that this is a heavy rainfall decade and suggested to rain water harvesting to utilize as pre sowing and crop saving irrigation for succeeding Rabi crops.
{"title":"Assessment of Environmental Stress as Meteorological Drought Due to Rainfall Variability in Jaipur, Rajasthan (India)","authors":"P. Rajpoot, Ajay Kumar","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0509-0516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0509-0516","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall variability with time and space plays a crucial role in agricultural and other planning as drinking water supply. Jaipur, district of Rajasthan state is facing the problem of rainfall variation at monthly, seasonal and annual time scales. The present study covers rainfall and remotely sensed data to analyze the drought intensity and frequency during 1957 to 2012 to find out environmental stress as meteorological drought. Drought intensity is determined by suggested criteria of Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and find out the drought frequency. Monthly rainfall is not good for agricultural activity and more than 60-% months of a calendar year have droughts. Seasonal rainfall is normal but post monsoon season is suffering with frequent drought which is more than 60-%. Annual rainfall is good and cyclic for crop saving and 70-% years have normal rainfall (± 25-% from normal rainfall) and rest of 30-% moderate to severe drought. NDVI is showing the effect of no, mild and severe drought on vegetation. Rainfall data shows that Jaipur witness almost one drought decade and adjacent high rainfall decade. It is expected that this is a heavy rainfall decade and suggested to rain water harvesting to utilize as pre sowing and crop saving irrigation for succeeding Rabi crops.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"20 1","pages":"509-516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86404780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0531-0537
S. Gavanji, H. Mohabatkar
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a 14.477 kD glycoprotein comprising 144 amino acids residues. The respective encoding gene is located on chromosome 5 in human. This protein stimulates proliferation and differentiation of macrophages. N-terminally seventeen amino acid residues are serving as a signal peptide while, the rest of 127 amino acids, known to have therapeutics application, is termed Molgramostim. Previous studies have revealed a high affinity of this protein for binding to a heterodimer receptor on surface of the cell. The respective receptor includes α and β chains which the β chain is similar to interleukins 3 and 5 receptors. Due to this similarity, interleukins 3 and 5 are capable to compete with GM-CSF in binding to the shared receptor. In the present study, to evaluate the binding affinity of interleukins 3 and 5 and GM-CSF to the same receptor, a computational prediction study carried out using Modeller, Hex and Molegro softwares. According to the results, interleukin 3 with -517.09 kJ/mole, interleukin 5 with -538.05 kJ/mole and GM-CSF with - 606.17 kJ/mole energy could bind to the α and β chains of receptor. In the next step the two chains of the receptor were separated and the affinity of each protein to both chains was studied. Based on the results the binding affinity of all three considered proteins to α chain of the protein was weaker than the binding to β chain. The binding energy of interleukin 3, interleukin 5 and GM-CSF to β chain of receptors was -620.37 kJ/mole,-663.80 kJ/mole and -696.07 kJ/mole respectively. According to the results, interleukin 3 and interleukin 5 strongly compete with GM-CSF in binding to cell surface receptors on human eosinophils.
{"title":"Computational Prediction for the Binding Affinity of Interleukins 3 and 5 and GM- CSF to Cell Surface Receptors on Human Eosinophils","authors":"S. Gavanji, H. Mohabatkar","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0531-0537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0531-0537","url":null,"abstract":"Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a 14.477 kD glycoprotein comprising 144 amino acids residues. The respective encoding gene is located on chromosome 5 in human. This protein stimulates proliferation and differentiation of macrophages. N-terminally seventeen amino acid residues are serving as a signal peptide while, the rest of 127 amino acids, known to have therapeutics application, is termed Molgramostim. Previous studies have revealed a high affinity of this protein for binding to a heterodimer receptor on surface of the cell. The respective receptor includes α and β chains which the β chain is similar to interleukins 3 and 5 receptors. Due to this similarity, interleukins 3 and 5 are capable to compete with GM-CSF in binding to the shared receptor. In the present study, to evaluate the binding affinity of interleukins 3 and 5 and GM-CSF to the same receptor, a computational prediction study carried out using Modeller, Hex and Molegro softwares. According to the results, interleukin 3 with -517.09 kJ/mole, interleukin 5 with -538.05 kJ/mole and GM-CSF with - 606.17 kJ/mole energy could bind to the α and β chains of receptor. In the next step the two chains of the receptor were separated and the affinity of each protein to both chains was studied. Based on the results the binding affinity of all three considered proteins to α chain of the protein was weaker than the binding to β chain. The binding energy of interleukin 3, interleukin 5 and GM-CSF to β chain of receptors was -620.37 kJ/mole,-663.80 kJ/mole and -696.07 kJ/mole respectively. According to the results, interleukin 3 and interleukin 5 strongly compete with GM-CSF in binding to cell surface receptors on human eosinophils.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"20 1","pages":"531-537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79488803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0517-0522
S. Dawood, Y. Sarsam
Female genital tract tuberculosis is a rare disease, the exact incidence is not accurately known as it is under reported due to asymptomatic cases and lack of reliable confirmatory investigations. Observational study held at Elwiya maternity teaching hospital, from the beginning of June 2012 until the beginning of October 2014. During this period, nine patients diagnosed as cases of female genital tract tuberculosis. Patients admitted as emergency or elective cases, symptoms at presentation were fever, vomiting, loss of weight, loss of appetite, mild abdominal pain, acute abdomen, abdominal mass, ascites, ovarian cyst with elevated CA-125 serum levels, infertility, infected cesarean section wound. All these nine cases were diagnosed and followed up for one year. The diagnostic dilemma arises due to varied clinical presentation so clinical suspicion with detailed general physical examination should always be there especially in high prevalence areas of tuberculosis.
{"title":"Presentation of Tuberculosis in Gynecology","authors":"S. Dawood, Y. Sarsam","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0517-0522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0517-0522","url":null,"abstract":"Female genital tract tuberculosis is a rare disease, the exact incidence is not accurately known as it is under reported due to asymptomatic cases and lack of reliable confirmatory investigations. Observational study held at Elwiya maternity teaching hospital, from the beginning of June 2012 until the beginning of October 2014. During this period, nine patients diagnosed as cases of female genital tract tuberculosis. Patients admitted as emergency or elective cases, symptoms at presentation were fever, vomiting, loss of weight, loss of appetite, mild abdominal pain, acute abdomen, abdominal mass, ascites, ovarian cyst with elevated CA-125 serum levels, infertility, infected cesarean section wound. All these nine cases were diagnosed and followed up for one year. The diagnostic dilemma arises due to varied clinical presentation so clinical suspicion with detailed general physical examination should always be there especially in high prevalence areas of tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"54 1","pages":"517-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88959909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0497-0508
Mostafa Mohammadizaroun, M. Yusoff
The most techniques for treating leachate and wastewater are physical, chemical, biological, advanced oxidation and electrochemical techniques. Developed oxidation techniques lead to high treatment cost and mostly are used in purifying grade waters. Among these techniques, the chemical coagulation technique not only is a slow process, but also produces a large amount of sludge. Electrocoagulation has been used for treating industrial effluent and leachate as a potential technique because of its compatibility and adaptability with environment. In this technique, a direct current source between metal electrodes plunged in the effluent is used to dissolve the electrode plates into the effluent. The metal ions with appropriate pH can create various types of coagulated species and metal hydroxides that in turn cause to rolling up and destabilizing the elements, or catalyzing and absorbing the dissolved pollutants. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to examine the potentials of electrocoagulation in treating the leachate and wastewater by treating the heavy metals and their colour and salinity. Furthermore, the present study aims to investigate the electrocoagulation, electrochemical technologies and their design and application in treating the leachate, water, and wastewater. This work mostly dealt with the electrocoagulation (EC), electrodeposition, electroflotation (EF), and electrooxidation. It was shown that Electrodeposition is efficient in treating the wastewater stream and removing heavy metals. In addition, electrocoagulation was used for treating wastewater and producing clean water as well. It was also found that using aluminum, iron or the hybrid Al/Fe electrodes are more applicable. Keyword: Electrocoagulation, Treatment, Leachate, Wastewater, Iron and Aluminum Electrode, Hydride electrode
{"title":"Treatment of Leachate by Electrocoagulation Technique Using Iron And Hybrid Electrodes","authors":"Mostafa Mohammadizaroun, M. Yusoff","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0497-0508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0497-0508","url":null,"abstract":"The most techniques for treating leachate and wastewater are physical, chemical, biological, advanced oxidation and electrochemical techniques. Developed oxidation techniques lead to high treatment cost and mostly are used in purifying grade waters. Among these techniques, the chemical coagulation technique not only is a slow process, but also produces a large amount of sludge. Electrocoagulation has been used for treating industrial effluent and leachate as a potential technique because of its compatibility and adaptability with environment. In this technique, a direct current source between metal electrodes plunged in the effluent is used to dissolve the electrode plates into the effluent. The metal ions with appropriate pH can create various types of coagulated species and metal hydroxides that in turn cause to rolling up and destabilizing the elements, or catalyzing and absorbing the dissolved pollutants. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to examine the potentials of electrocoagulation in treating the leachate and wastewater by treating the heavy metals and their colour and salinity. Furthermore, the present study aims to investigate the electrocoagulation, electrochemical technologies and their design and application in treating the leachate, water, and wastewater. This work mostly dealt with the electrocoagulation (EC), electrodeposition, electroflotation (EF), and electrooxidation. It was shown that Electrodeposition is efficient in treating the wastewater stream and removing heavy metals. In addition, electrocoagulation was used for treating wastewater and producing clean water as well. It was also found that using aluminum, iron or the hybrid Al/Fe electrodes are more applicable. Keyword: Electrocoagulation, Treatment, Leachate, Wastewater, Iron and Aluminum Electrode, Hydride electrode","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"3 1","pages":"497-508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82224312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0453-0462
S. Sarsam, A. H. Alwan
In Iraq, under the effect of heavy traffic loading, high temperature and water damages, specific requirements are needed to control the quality of highway pavement materials in order to increase durability. The primary objectives of this study are evaluating the durability of superpave asphalt concrete mixtures which has been assessed through moisture damage resistance. The properties of superpave mix have been verified using indirect tensile strength test, double punch shear strength, compressive strength test, and rutting resistance under repeated loading. The impacts of moisture damage on such superpave asphalt concrete properties were evaluated. To meet the objective of this research, available local materials were used including asphalt cement (40-50), aggregate with nominal maximum size of 12.5 mm, and mineral filler. Three asphalt percentages were implemented, optimum asphalt content and an asphalt content of 0.5 percent above and 0.5 percent below optimum as per superpave procedure. The Superpave Gyratory Compaction was used to prepare the asphalt concrete specimens. The moisture damage impacts on conditioned specimens exhibits low resistance to indirect tensile strength, punching shear, and compressive strength by (-19%, -33%, -6%) at optimum asphalt content as compared with un-condition mix. The moisture-conditioned mix has lower resistance to permanent deformation (at 1000 cycles) by 93% as compared with the unconditioned mixture. Superpave asphalt concrete was shown to be durable against moisture damage by 81% at optimum asphalt content when compared to the requirement of (SCRB, 2007).
{"title":"Impact of Moisture Damage on Rutting Resistance, Shear and Tensile Properties of Asphalt Pavement","authors":"S. Sarsam, A. H. Alwan","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0453-0462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0453-0462","url":null,"abstract":"In Iraq, under the effect of heavy traffic loading, high temperature and water damages, specific requirements are needed to control the quality of highway pavement materials in order to increase durability. The primary objectives of this study are evaluating the durability of superpave asphalt concrete mixtures which has been assessed through moisture damage resistance. The properties of superpave mix have been verified using indirect tensile strength test, double punch shear strength, compressive strength test, and rutting resistance under repeated loading. The impacts of moisture damage on such superpave asphalt concrete properties were evaluated. To meet the objective of this research, available local materials were used including asphalt cement (40-50), aggregate with nominal maximum size of 12.5 mm, and mineral filler. Three asphalt percentages were implemented, optimum asphalt content and an asphalt content of 0.5 percent above and 0.5 percent below optimum as per superpave procedure. The Superpave Gyratory Compaction was used to prepare the asphalt concrete specimens. The moisture damage impacts on conditioned specimens exhibits low resistance to indirect tensile strength, punching shear, and compressive strength by (-19%, -33%, -6%) at optimum asphalt content as compared with un-condition mix. The moisture-conditioned mix has lower resistance to permanent deformation (at 1000 cycles) by 93% as compared with the unconditioned mixture. Superpave asphalt concrete was shown to be durable against moisture damage by 81% at optimum asphalt content when compared to the requirement of (SCRB, 2007).","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"38 1","pages":"453-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86071089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0480-0486
Hossein Farraji, H. A. Aziz, R. Tajuddin, A. Mojiri, S. Ehsan
Phytoremediation is a plant process that cleans polluted environments. This study investigates the phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil by spinach. The plants were transplanted into pots that contain 7 kg of lead-contaminated soil. The response surface methodology and central composite design were used to clarify the nature of the response surface in the experimental plan and determine the optimum settings of the independent variables and their responses. The independent factors were the different concentrations of lead in the soil at 250, 500, and 750 mg/Kg. Each pot had 2, 4, and 6 spinach plants, and the growth periods were 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. The results showed that spinach has good potential to act as a phytoremediator in lead-contaminated soil. Lead accumulated more in shoots than in roots. At the optimum conditions for the concentration of lead in soil (283.31 mg/Kg), the number of planted spinach in each pot (six plants), and the time when samples are taken (20.89 d), the removal efficiency of lead was 60.05%.
{"title":"Optimization of Phytoremediation of Lead-contaminated Soil by Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L)","authors":"Hossein Farraji, H. A. Aziz, R. Tajuddin, A. Mojiri, S. Ehsan","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0480-0486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0480-0486","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoremediation is a plant process that cleans polluted environments. This study investigates the phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil by spinach. The plants were transplanted into pots that contain 7 kg of lead-contaminated soil. The response surface methodology and central composite design were used to clarify the nature of the response surface in the experimental plan and determine the optimum settings of the independent variables and their responses. The independent factors were the different concentrations of lead in the soil at 250, 500, and 750 mg/Kg. Each pot had 2, 4, and 6 spinach plants, and the growth periods were 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. The results showed that spinach has good potential to act as a phytoremediator in lead-contaminated soil. Lead accumulated more in shoots than in roots. At the optimum conditions for the concentration of lead in soil (283.31 mg/Kg), the number of planted spinach in each pot (six plants), and the time when samples are taken (20.89 d), the removal efficiency of lead was 60.05%.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"14 1","pages":"480-486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73292483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0470-0479
M. Rakib, M. Ali
Electronic waste and its negative consequences affect to the living standards and environmental sustainability. Consequently, this study was performed on E-waste generation and management approach in the aspects of local concept. Results showed that, total amount of E-waste generation have been increased along with technological advancement, marketing system and policy improvement. Most of respondents were found to be not aware on waste management, environmental and health impacts. Its long term continuation may goes to worsen living standard compared to well plan and superior urban management approach. A number of people were identified who were suffering from different diseases evolved from E-waste handling and servicing work. In addition, E-waste considered being highly contagious for the environment and its components. It may pose environmental risk for sustainable development.
{"title":"Electronic Waste Generation: Observational Status and Local Concept along with Environmental Impact","authors":"M. Rakib, M. Ali","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0470-0479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0470-0479","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic waste and its negative consequences affect to the living standards and environmental sustainability. Consequently, this study was performed on E-waste generation and management approach in the aspects of local concept. Results showed that, total amount of E-waste generation have been increased along with technological advancement, marketing system and policy improvement. Most of respondents were found to be not aware on waste management, environmental and health impacts. Its long term continuation may goes to worsen living standard compared to well plan and superior urban management approach. A number of people were identified who were suffering from different diseases evolved from E-waste handling and servicing work. In addition, E-waste considered being highly contagious for the environment and its components. It may pose environmental risk for sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"213 1","pages":"470-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79478663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0463-0469
M. Rashidi, Mohammad Hossein Rameshat
The present study sets out to investigate the correlation between breast cancer and the concentration of Arsenic in Isfahan Province, Iran. All cases of breast cancer recorded between 2007 and 2009 were included. In order to calculate the Arsenic concentrations associated with the poll frequency of breast cancer, the concentrations of Arsenic in province (case study) were examined. In this research, we applied target detection algorithms on MODIS images to detect Arsenic. In the next step, decision fusion method was used to combine the results. In this combination, each pixel is contaminated if 5 of 6 algorithms detect it as contaminated and the software Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to analyze the data; breast cancer spatial distribution was mapped and the distribution of Arsenic in the province was determined. The results indicated a significantly positive correlation between breast cancer and the distribution of Arsenic. The findings of the current study underscore not only the importance of preventing exposure to Arsenic but also the importance of controlling Arsenic- producing industries.
{"title":"Relation of Women Breast Cancer with Arsenic Spatial Dispersion (Case Study: Isfahan Province, Iran)","authors":"M. Rashidi, Mohammad Hossein Rameshat","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0463-0469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0463-0469","url":null,"abstract":"The present study sets out to investigate the correlation between breast cancer and the concentration of Arsenic in Isfahan Province, Iran. All cases of breast cancer recorded between 2007 and 2009 were included. In order to calculate the Arsenic concentrations associated with the poll frequency of breast cancer, the concentrations of Arsenic in province (case study) were examined. In this research, we applied target detection algorithms on MODIS images to detect Arsenic. In the next step, decision fusion method was used to combine the results. In this combination, each pixel is contaminated if 5 of 6 algorithms detect it as contaminated and the software Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to analyze the data; breast cancer spatial distribution was mapped and the distribution of Arsenic in the province was determined. The results indicated a significantly positive correlation between breast cancer and the distribution of Arsenic. The findings of the current study underscore not only the importance of preventing exposure to Arsenic but also the importance of controlling Arsenic- producing industries.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"9 1","pages":"463-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87757658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0487-0496
S. Sarsam, A. H. Alwan
Age hardening is a major factor affecting the durability of asphalt paving materials. The material properties change with time as the asphalt cement becomes harder and the mixture becomes stiffer. There are two types of aging, short term aging (STA) at mixing and laying stage and long term aging (LTA) during service life of pavement. The influence of aging time on the indirect tensile strength, double punching shear, permanent deformation and fatigue life, have been investigated by employing the short term aging (STA) and long term aging (LTA). It was concluded that aging process exhibits good resistance to indirect tensile strength at the three temperatures (25 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C), while the shear increases, such rate of changes was (+4%, +22%, +22%, +87%) respectively for STA mixtures. On the other hand, the increment after LTA of mixtures is (+16%, +63%, +170%, +173%) respectively as compared with control mix. The permanent deformation decreases by 12% and 63% at STA and LTA respectively. An increment in asphalt content from (4.8 % to 5.3 %) causes 43% increase in permanent deformation (at 1000 cycle). A testing temperature change from 25 to 40 °C, leads to a permanent deformation increase by 113% at the same load repetition.
{"title":"Impact of Aging on Shear, Tensile Strength and Permanent Deformation of Superpave Asphalt Concrete","authors":"S. Sarsam, A. H. Alwan","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0487-0496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0487-0496","url":null,"abstract":"Age hardening is a major factor affecting the durability of asphalt paving materials. The material properties change with time as the asphalt cement becomes harder and the mixture becomes stiffer. There are two types of aging, short term aging (STA) at mixing and laying stage and long term aging (LTA) during service life of pavement. The influence of aging time on the indirect tensile strength, double punching shear, permanent deformation and fatigue life, have been investigated by employing the short term aging (STA) and long term aging (LTA). It was concluded that aging process exhibits good resistance to indirect tensile strength at the three temperatures (25 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C), while the shear increases, such rate of changes was (+4%, +22%, +22%, +87%) respectively for STA mixtures. On the other hand, the increment after LTA of mixtures is (+16%, +63%, +170%, +173%) respectively as compared with control mix. The permanent deformation decreases by 12% and 63% at STA and LTA respectively. An increment in asphalt content from (4.8 % to 5.3 %) causes 43% increase in permanent deformation (at 1000 cycle). A testing temperature change from 25 to 40 °C, leads to a permanent deformation increase by 113% at the same load repetition.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"33 1","pages":"487-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87148477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0416-0424
Mohammad Hossein Keyghobadi, A. Ardakani, M. Dehghani, Mohammad Ghanbar Dezfooli
Results of numerical simulations on square footing supported by reinforced and unreinforced sand bed are presented and discussed. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of geogrid layers in improving the bearing capacity of the square footings and to study the influence of different parameters such as the width and embedment depth of the foundation, on the overall performance improvement of the footing. The optimum values of reinforcement parameters (such as vertical spacing between top layer of reinforcement and bottom of the foundation, the width of the reinforcement layers, the distance between consecutive reinforcement layers and the depth of reinforcement zone) have been obtained from previous experimental studies, and was applied in numerical modeling. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with the experimental and analytical results published by different authors. It was found that with increasing the width and embedment depth of the foundation, the rate of increment of bearing capacity due to reinforcing with geogrid, was reduced.
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