Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2016-P0033-0039
A. Idris
For many years many crop inoculation programs were achieved to increase production. Some of these programs succeeded and others failed. The reasons of failure may be lack of genetic information of the inoculants used, and how the differences in the genes sequences influence nitrogen fixation rates. Thus, this study was done to explore differences in 16SrRNA and nifH genes sequences of Klebsiella isolated from groundnut from Sudan and Argentina. The bacterial strains were isolated from groundnut grown in different regions in Sudan, DNA was extracted and 16SrRNA and nifH genes were amplified and sequenced. The Argentinean isolates sequences were downloaded from Gene bank data base. The sequences of the isolates from Sudan and Argentina were aligned. All Klebsiella strains used in this study were found with similar GC contents. The results showed that 16srRNA genes of isolates from Sudan differ in 34 and 54 nucleotide positions when compared to TT001 and NTI31 isolates from Argentina, respectively. The nifH genes of the isolates from Sudan are similar and those from Argentina are also similar, however each group differ from the other in 28 positions. The genetic properties knowledge for bacteria associated with legumes helps to select the suitable isolates to use as inoculants for specific region which in turn leads to successful inoculation programs.
{"title":"Detection of Molecular Differences of Klebsiella Isolated from Groundnut from Sudan and Argentina Using 16srrna and Nifh Genes Sequences Alignment","authors":"A. Idris","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2016-P0033-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2016-P0033-0039","url":null,"abstract":"For many years many crop inoculation programs were achieved to increase production. Some of these programs succeeded and others failed. The reasons of failure may be lack of genetic information of the inoculants used, and how the differences in the genes sequences influence nitrogen fixation rates. Thus, this study was done to explore differences in 16SrRNA and nifH genes sequences of Klebsiella isolated from groundnut from Sudan and Argentina. The bacterial strains were isolated from groundnut grown in different regions in Sudan, DNA was extracted and 16SrRNA and nifH genes were amplified and sequenced. The Argentinean isolates sequences were downloaded from Gene bank data base. The sequences of the isolates from Sudan and Argentina were aligned. All Klebsiella strains used in this study were found with similar GC contents. The results showed that 16srRNA genes of isolates from Sudan differ in 34 and 54 nucleotide positions when compared to TT001 and NTI31 isolates from Argentina, respectively. The nifH genes of the isolates from Sudan are similar and those from Argentina are also similar, however each group differ from the other in 28 positions. The genetic properties knowledge for bacteria associated with legumes helps to select the suitable isolates to use as inoculants for specific region which in turn leads to successful inoculation programs.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"44 1","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72879025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0077-0084
E. N. Chiejina, R. C. Ebenebe, C. Odira, J. Anieche, C. Nwankwo, Monica C. Makachi
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) environment has the potential to exacerbate stress for parents of infants admitted to the unit. This study investigated the stress among parents of hospitalized infants in neonatal intensive care unit, and its effects on parental needs and expectations. Convenient sampling method was used to select 216 parents of at-risk infants in the NICU from two Teaching Hospitals in the South-East Zone of Nigeria. Two research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Parental Self - report Scale on coping measures were used to measure the stress among the parents. A parent - infant demographic information was obtained and used to determine the extent to which the characteristics serve as stress predictors. Mean score, standard deviation (SD) and Spearman Rank correlation Coefficient (rho) were used to answer the research questions while Chi-square, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were adopted in testing the null hypotheses at 0.01 level of significance. Parental stress for NICU infant behaviour and appearance significantly correlated with parental role alteration while infant gestational age correlated with parental stress for NICU staff behaviour and communication. Significant differences resulted in parental self-report of coping measures and their role alterations with regard to number of children born by parents and across the fertility history of the parents respectively. Parents of infants in the NICU need to take more active part in decision making and care of their infants.
{"title":"Stress Among Parents of Hospitalized Infants in NICU: Effects on Parental Needs and Expectations","authors":"E. N. Chiejina, R. C. Ebenebe, C. Odira, J. Anieche, C. Nwankwo, Monica C. Makachi","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0077-0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0077-0084","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) environment has the potential to exacerbate stress for parents of infants admitted to the unit. This study investigated the stress among parents of hospitalized infants in neonatal intensive care unit, and its effects on parental needs and expectations. Convenient sampling method was used to select 216 parents of at-risk infants in the NICU from two Teaching Hospitals in the South-East Zone of Nigeria. Two research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Parental Self - report Scale on coping measures were used to measure the stress among the parents. A parent - infant demographic information was obtained and used to determine the extent to which the characteristics serve as stress predictors. Mean score, standard deviation (SD) and Spearman Rank correlation Coefficient (rho) were used to answer the research questions while Chi-square, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were adopted in testing the null hypotheses at 0.01 level of significance. Parental stress for NICU infant behaviour and appearance significantly correlated with parental role alteration while infant gestational age correlated with parental stress for NICU staff behaviour and communication. Significant differences resulted in parental self-report of coping measures and their role alterations with regard to number of children born by parents and across the fertility history of the parents respectively. Parents of infants in the NICU need to take more active part in decision making and care of their infants.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"19 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76940997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0085-0093
A. Sarsour, Aaeid Ayoub, Farid A. Al-Nirab, Bassam Aita
This paper summarizes the results of the preliminary study, focusing on assessing the level of university students" environmental awareness in Gaza Strip the southern part of the Palestine, and if there are any differences in the level of their environmental awareness according to socio-demographic factors such as gender, place of residence, university and academic level of the study subjects. A cross sectional study was carried out within four universities in the Gaza Strip. A total of 773 university students were surveyed in this study from all of the four academic years. In general, the results disclosed that that the level of environmental awareness among the university students in Gaza Strip was relatively moderate (64.12%). There was a variation among the study population in the level of awareness related to socio-demographic factors. In reference to gender variable, it reveals that the level of environmental awareness among females (66.5%) was higher than of males (59.5%). Also, the findings demonstrate higher level of environmental awareness among students of science specialization (66.35%) than universities students with literature specialization (62.78%). There was a statistical significant difference in the level of environmental awareness among the students according to their university; and their place of residence. Whereas there was no significance differences in their environmental awareness level according to their academic level. Finally, the researchers conclude this paper with the following recommendation that environmental study should be included in college curriculum and should be taught all students irrespective of their gender or the type of discipline.
{"title":"A Preliminary Assessment for the Environmental Awareness of the Universities' Students in Gaza strip- Palestine","authors":"A. Sarsour, Aaeid Ayoub, Farid A. Al-Nirab, Bassam Aita","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0085-0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0085-0093","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the results of the preliminary study, focusing on assessing the level of university students\" environmental awareness in Gaza Strip the southern part of the Palestine, and if there are any differences in the level of their environmental awareness according to socio-demographic factors such as gender, place of residence, university and academic level of the study subjects. A cross sectional study was carried out within four universities in the Gaza Strip. A total of 773 university students were surveyed in this study from all of the four academic years. In general, the results disclosed that that the level of environmental awareness among the university students in Gaza Strip was relatively moderate (64.12%). There was a variation among the study population in the level of awareness related to socio-demographic factors. In reference to gender variable, it reveals that the level of environmental awareness among females (66.5%) was higher than of males (59.5%). Also, the findings demonstrate higher level of environmental awareness among students of science specialization (66.35%) than universities students with literature specialization (62.78%). There was a statistical significant difference in the level of environmental awareness among the students according to their university; and their place of residence. Whereas there was no significance differences in their environmental awareness level according to their academic level. Finally, the researchers conclude this paper with the following recommendation that environmental study should be included in college curriculum and should be taught all students irrespective of their gender or the type of discipline.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"17 1","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80884800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0067-0076
Samaneh Bagheri, S. Davazdahemami, Javad Minooyi Moghadam
Mycorrhizal fungi can improve root system efficiency and nutrient uptake. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species of Glomus etunicatum and Glomus mosseae on root colonization, growth, and nutrient uptake, accumulation of carbohydrates, content of volatile oil, and density of trichomes in 3 genotypes of Mentha spicata, collected from Isfahan, Kermanshah and Yazd in Iran. An enhance was observed in the indices of growth, chlorophyll content (of a, b, total and carotenoids) , nutrient uptake such as phosphorus in the shoot and root and accumulation of carbohydrates in shoot of inoculated seedlings compared to control group samples. Results of this study showed that the response of mint seedlings inoculated with each type of fungi is also dependent on the genotype of host plants. Amount of essential oil in inoculated plants increased up to the maximum amount of 1.38 times compared with control plants. Also, increase of essential oil was obviously associated with amount of biomass and density of glandular trichomes.
{"title":"Variation in Growth Characteristics, Nutrient Uptake, and Essential Oil Content in Three Mycorrhizal Genotypes of Mentha spicata L.","authors":"Samaneh Bagheri, S. Davazdahemami, Javad Minooyi Moghadam","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0067-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0067-0076","url":null,"abstract":"Mycorrhizal fungi can improve root system efficiency and nutrient uptake. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species of Glomus etunicatum and Glomus mosseae on root colonization, growth, and nutrient uptake, accumulation of carbohydrates, content of volatile oil, and density of trichomes in 3 genotypes of Mentha spicata, collected from Isfahan, Kermanshah and Yazd in Iran. An enhance was observed in the indices of growth, chlorophyll content (of a, b, total and carotenoids) , nutrient uptake such as phosphorus in the shoot and root and accumulation of carbohydrates in shoot of inoculated seedlings compared to control group samples. Results of this study showed that the response of mint seedlings inoculated with each type of fungi is also dependent on the genotype of host plants. Amount of essential oil in inoculated plants increased up to the maximum amount of 1.38 times compared with control plants. Also, increase of essential oil was obviously associated with amount of biomass and density of glandular trichomes.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"5 1","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90975886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0050-0066
A. Ebrahim, A. El-maaty, Behiry
The broad production of building and destruction waste and its illegal deposition is dangerous present phenomena. This investigation suggests assessing the utility of using recycled building rubble (RBR) in pavement implementing. An experimental plan was achieved on various compositions of RBR by geotechnical characterization, bearing capacity and repeated plate loading tests. Relationship between the vertical applied stress and the corresponding vertical deformation as well as the deformation along the horizontal distance from the load center was studied experimentally and theoretically using Mechanistic- Empirical methods. Non linear relationships between measured and predicted values were achieved for each mixture. The results illustrate that the structure and the compaction effort affect on the natural and mechanical features of the RBR aggregate. The compaction operation has confirmed a fractional squashing and fracturing of RBR particles, altering the gradation and raising the percentage of cubic grains contributing to a best intensification of the RBR grains and consequently a refinement in strength, resilient modulus and resistance to rutting. Based on the statistical process achieved in this paper, the developed equation can be used to calculate the measured deformation for any collection of the parameters included in the regression model. Generally, the use of RBR aggregates in pavement is totally feasible and that the advantages related to these aggregates spread beyond the environmental notions of their use.
{"title":"Optimization of Building Rubbles in Flexible Pavement Using Experimental Approach and Mechanistic- Empirical Method","authors":"A. Ebrahim, A. El-maaty, Behiry","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0050-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0050-0066","url":null,"abstract":"The broad production of building and destruction waste and its illegal deposition is dangerous present phenomena. This investigation suggests assessing the utility of using recycled building rubble (RBR) in pavement implementing. An experimental plan was achieved on various compositions of RBR by geotechnical characterization, bearing capacity and repeated plate loading tests. Relationship between the vertical applied stress and the corresponding vertical deformation as well as the deformation along the horizontal distance from the load center was studied experimentally and theoretically using Mechanistic- Empirical methods. Non linear relationships between measured and predicted values were achieved for each mixture. The results illustrate that the structure and the compaction effort affect on the natural and mechanical features of the RBR aggregate. The compaction operation has confirmed a fractional squashing and fracturing of RBR particles, altering the gradation and raising the percentage of cubic grains contributing to a best intensification of the RBR grains and consequently a refinement in strength, resilient modulus and resistance to rutting. Based on the statistical process achieved in this paper, the developed equation can be used to calculate the measured deformation for any collection of the parameters included in the regression model. Generally, the use of RBR aggregates in pavement is totally feasible and that the advantages related to these aggregates spread beyond the environmental notions of their use.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"26 1","pages":"50-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84012572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0042-0049
Sima Torani, Z. Rahmani, B. Rezaie
In this paper, designing an output feedback controller is investigated based on Lyapunov-Krasovkii stability theorem and linear matrix inequality. The goal is to achieve preliminary identical synchronization for synchronizing identical chaotic neural networks. The error convergence of the slave system is the significant advantage of the proposed technique. Also, complete synchronization is achieved with this method clearly. Simulation results of the proposed method for a well- known chaotic neural network show the efficiency of the proposed method.
{"title":"Feedback Controller for Identical Synchronization of Chaotic Neural Networks","authors":"Sima Torani, Z. Rahmani, B. Rezaie","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0042-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0042-0049","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, designing an output feedback controller is investigated based on Lyapunov-Krasovkii stability theorem and linear matrix inequality. The goal is to achieve preliminary identical synchronization for synchronizing identical chaotic neural networks. The error convergence of the slave system is the significant advantage of the proposed technique. Also, complete synchronization is achieved with this method clearly. Simulation results of the proposed method for a well- known chaotic neural network show the efficiency of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"7 1","pages":"42-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78467559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0001-0012
S. Sarsam
An asphalt pavement with self-repairing capabilities is believed to be very useful from the sustainable pavement point of view. This research focuses on understanding the self-healing mechanism of Asphalt concrete materials and the effects of material modifications, by means of testing. Two asphalt concrete mixtures were prepared, a fine blend and a coarse blend. Slab samples were prepared using roller compaction, beam specimens were obtained from slab samples for further testing. Tests were conducted at 20°C in an environmental chamber using hydraulic loading equipment. Strain controlled Repetitive loading test was applied using 0.1second have sine loads followed by 0.9 second of rest periods. Tests were performed to cause micro damage to the specimens, but the loads were stopped before macro cracking began. Damage accumulation was measured using the changes of stiffness and deformation. Crack healing rate was determined in terms of the recovered stiffness, deformation, and increment in fatigue life. Beam specimens were subjected to load repetitions at 20° C until 50% of the stiffness was retained, then beams were stored in an oven for two hours at 85° C, cooled to 20° C, then subjected to another cycles of load repetitions. Steric hardening appeared to play a significant role in a mixture’s response during the loading and healing portions of laboratory tests. Healing rate varied upon variation in gradation, type of modifier used, asphalt content, and the strain level adopted. Recovered stiffness and increment in fatigue life appear to be an adequate measure of healing.
{"title":"Crack Healing Potential of Asphalt Concrete Pavement","authors":"S. Sarsam","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0001-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0001-0012","url":null,"abstract":"An asphalt pavement with self-repairing capabilities is believed to be very useful from the sustainable pavement point of view. This research focuses on understanding the self-healing mechanism of Asphalt concrete materials and the effects of material modifications, by means of testing. Two asphalt concrete mixtures were prepared, a fine blend and a coarse blend. Slab samples were prepared using roller compaction, beam specimens were obtained from slab samples for further testing. Tests were conducted at 20°C in an environmental chamber using hydraulic loading equipment. Strain controlled Repetitive loading test was applied using 0.1second have sine loads followed by 0.9 second of rest periods. Tests were performed to cause micro damage to the specimens, but the loads were stopped before macro cracking began. Damage accumulation was measured using the changes of stiffness and deformation. Crack healing rate was determined in terms of the recovered stiffness, deformation, and increment in fatigue life. Beam specimens were subjected to load repetitions at 20° C until 50% of the stiffness was retained, then beams were stored in an oven for two hours at 85° C, cooled to 20° C, then subjected to another cycles of load repetitions. Steric hardening appeared to play a significant role in a mixture’s response during the loading and healing portions of laboratory tests. Healing rate varied upon variation in gradation, type of modifier used, asphalt content, and the strain level adopted. Recovered stiffness and increment in fatigue life appear to be an adequate measure of healing.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74870570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0013-0020
A. Adamu, U. Ijah, M. L. Riskuwa, H. Ismail, U. B. Ibrahim
With increasing demand of biosurfactants for environmental and industrial application, there is increased interest in prospecting of microorganisms and substrates for production of substantial quantities of biosurfactants. A study was carried out to investigate the ability of Bacillus sphaericus EN3 and Bacillus azotoformans EN16 to produce large quantities of biosurfactants and determine a suitable substrate for its production. The organisms were previously screened for biosurfactant production and found to be good candidates. Three carbon sources including glucose, diesel and crude oil were used and incorporated into modified Bushnell - Haas medium at 2% w/v concentration. Large quantities of biosurfactants were observed when glucose was used as substrate with a mean production of 1.01 ± 0.3 g/L and 0.58 ± 0.17 g/L for B. sphaericus EN3 and B. azotoformans EN16 respectively after 10 days. The surfactants were shown to be stable at various pH (2 - 12), temperature (50°C - 100°C) and salinity (2 - 10% NaCl) ranges. The biosurfactants were however more effective at pH of 8 to 10, 50 0 C and salinity of 2 to 4% NaCl. Chromatographic analysis revealed that the surfactants produced by both organisms were principally phospholipids. Therefore, the organisms were capable of producing substantial amounts of surfactants and harnessing their potentials would be essential.
{"title":"Study on Biosurfactant Production by Two Bacillus Species","authors":"A. Adamu, U. Ijah, M. L. Riskuwa, H. Ismail, U. B. Ibrahim","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0013-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0013-0020","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing demand of biosurfactants for environmental and industrial application, there is increased interest in prospecting of microorganisms and substrates for production of substantial quantities of biosurfactants. A study was carried out to investigate the ability of Bacillus sphaericus EN3 and Bacillus azotoformans EN16 to produce large quantities of biosurfactants and determine a suitable substrate for its production. The organisms were previously screened for biosurfactant production and found to be good candidates. Three carbon sources including glucose, diesel and crude oil were used and incorporated into modified Bushnell - Haas medium at 2% w/v concentration. Large quantities of biosurfactants were observed when glucose was used as substrate with a mean production of 1.01 ± 0.3 g/L and 0.58 ± 0.17 g/L for B. sphaericus EN3 and B. azotoformans EN16 respectively after 10 days. The surfactants were shown to be stable at various pH (2 - 12), temperature (50°C - 100°C) and salinity (2 - 10% NaCl) ranges. The biosurfactants were however more effective at pH of 8 to 10, 50 0 C and salinity of 2 to 4% NaCl. Chromatographic analysis revealed that the surfactants produced by both organisms were principally phospholipids. Therefore, the organisms were capable of producing substantial amounts of surfactants and harnessing their potentials would be essential.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"86 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72917912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0021-0029
P. Christian, V. Manzano, M. B. Ocampo, L. C. Ocampo, E. Rio, S. Maylem, Nueva Ecija
In this study, the potential role of L-carnitine supplementation in the maturation of oocytes and pre-implantation development of embryos was investigated using bovine as a model. In Experiment 1, bovine oocytes recovered from the abattoir were matured in the absence (control) or presence of L-carnitine, subjected to in vitro fertilization and assessed on their developmental potential up to the blastocyst stage. The nuclear maturation and cleavage rate observed between the control and L-carnitine supplemented group ranged from 83.1% - 87.1% and 57.1% - 67.9%, respectively. Significantly higher blastocyst formation rate and improved total cell count in 0.1- 0.5 mg/ml L-carnitine supplemented groups were observed versus the control (51.0 - 54.2% vs 29.5% and 97.4 - 110.1 ± 2.2 vs 82.5 ± 1.6, respectively (P<0.05). In Experiment 2, zygotes resulting from in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes were cultured in modified synthetic oviductal fluid medium with or without L-carnitine supplementation. Results showed no significant difference on the blastocyst formation rate among treatment groups, but the total cell count of blastocyst derived from 0.1 - 0.5 mg/ml L-carnitine supplemented groups were higher than the control (98.4 - 115.4 ± 3.1 vs 84.6 ± 3.2, respectively (P<0.05). Overall, the results demonstrated the usefulness of the procedures utilized in the maturation, fertilization and culture of bovine oocytes and early- stage embryos. That, L-carnitine supplementation at the level of 0.1 - 0.5 mg/ml concentration in the maturation and culture media tend to enhance the developmental potential of oocytes and early- stage embryos to the blastocyst stage as indicated by a higher total cell count (improved cell activity).
本研究以牛为模型，研究了补充左旋肉碱对卵母细胞成熟和胚胎着床前发育的潜在作用。在实验1中，从屠宰场回收的牛卵母细胞在没有(对照)或有左旋肉碱的情况下成熟，进行体外受精并评估其发育潜力直至囊胚期。对照组和左旋肉碱添加组的核成熟率和卵裂率分别为83.1% ~ 87.1%和57.1% ~ 67.9%。与对照组相比，添加0.1 ~ 0.5 mg/ml左旋肉碱组囊胚形成率和总细胞数显著提高(51.0 ~ 54.2% vs 29.5%， 97.4 ~ 110.1±2.2 vs 82.5±1.6)(P<0.05)。在实验2中，牛卵母细胞体外受精产生的受精卵在添加或不添加左旋肉碱的改性合成输卵管液培养基中培养。结果显示，各处理组囊胚形成率无显著差异，但添加0.1 ~ 0.5 mg/ml左旋肉碱组囊胚细胞总数(98.4 ~ 115.4±3.1 vs 84.6±3.2)高于对照组(P<0.05)。总的来说，结果证明了在牛卵母细胞和早期胚胎的成熟、受精和培养过程中所使用的程序的有效性。在成熟和培养培养基中添加0.1 - 0.5 mg/ml浓度的左旋肉碱可以增强卵母细胞和早期胚胎向囊胚阶段的发育潜力，这可以通过提高总细胞计数(提高细胞活性)来证明。
{"title":"Improved Bovine Blastocyst Developmental Potential by L-carnitine Supplementation","authors":"P. Christian, V. Manzano, M. B. Ocampo, L. C. Ocampo, E. Rio, S. Maylem, Nueva Ecija","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0021-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2015-P0021-0029","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the potential role of L-carnitine supplementation in the maturation of oocytes and pre-implantation development of embryos was investigated using bovine as a model. In Experiment 1, bovine oocytes recovered from the abattoir were matured in the absence (control) or presence of L-carnitine, subjected to in vitro fertilization and assessed on their developmental potential up to the blastocyst stage. The nuclear maturation and cleavage rate observed between the control and L-carnitine supplemented group ranged from 83.1% - 87.1% and 57.1% - 67.9%, respectively. Significantly higher blastocyst formation rate and improved total cell count in 0.1- 0.5 mg/ml L-carnitine supplemented groups were observed versus the control (51.0 - 54.2% vs 29.5% and 97.4 - 110.1 ± 2.2 vs 82.5 ± 1.6, respectively (P<0.05). In Experiment 2, zygotes resulting from in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes were cultured in modified synthetic oviductal fluid medium with or without L-carnitine supplementation. Results showed no significant difference on the blastocyst formation rate among treatment groups, but the total cell count of blastocyst derived from 0.1 - 0.5 mg/ml L-carnitine supplemented groups were higher than the control (98.4 - 115.4 ± 3.1 vs 84.6 ± 3.2, respectively (P<0.05). Overall, the results demonstrated the usefulness of the procedures utilized in the maturation, fertilization and culture of bovine oocytes and early- stage embryos. That, L-carnitine supplementation at the level of 0.1 - 0.5 mg/ml concentration in the maturation and culture media tend to enhance the developmental potential of oocytes and early- stage embryos to the blastocyst stage as indicated by a higher total cell count (improved cell activity).","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"14 1","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74882125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0523-0530
Anil Kumar Koneti, S. Chintalapati
Molar refraction (Rm), molecular radii (r), polarizability (α) and internal pressure (πi) values determined from the refractive index data for the binary liquid mixture of Tetrahydropyran (THP) with 1-hexanol have been measured at five temperatures (T=298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K). The measured data utilized to evaluate the excess molar refraction (Rm E ), excess molecular radii (r E ), excess polarizability (α E ) and excess internal pressure (πi E ) along with their Redlich-Kister co-efficient and standard error values of the mixed solvents. The results show existence of weak molecular interaction in the mixture.
{"title":"Molecular Radius, Molar Refraction, Polarizability and Internal Pressure Studies on THP + 1-Hexanol at Different Temperatures - Molecular Interactions","authors":"Anil Kumar Koneti, S. Chintalapati","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0523-0530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0523-0530","url":null,"abstract":"Molar refraction (Rm), molecular radii (r), polarizability (α) and internal pressure (πi) values determined from the refractive index data for the binary liquid mixture of Tetrahydropyran (THP) with 1-hexanol have been measured at five temperatures (T=298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K). The measured data utilized to evaluate the excess molar refraction (Rm E ), excess molecular radii (r E ), excess polarizability (α E ) and excess internal pressure (πi E ) along with their Redlich-Kister co-efficient and standard error values of the mixed solvents. The results show existence of weak molecular interaction in the mixture.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"60 1","pages":"523-530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77905777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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