International Journal of Public Health最新文献

Objectives: This study investigates changes in salt intake and reduction practices among Vietnamese adults (ages 18-69), focusing on high-risk groups for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like hypertension, diabetes, and elevated BMI.

Methods: Participants aged 18-69 from the 2015 and 2020 STEPs surveys provided data on the spot urine test. Average daily salt intake was calculated using the Intersalt Southern European equation. The prevalence of excessive salt intake was assessed, along with subgroup analyses based on demographic factors and NCD risk.

Results: Average salt intake decreased significantly from 9.42 g/day in 2015 to 8.07 g/day in 2020 (p < 0.01), with the most substantial decline among younger individuals. The percentage exceeding the global average of 10.78 g/day dropped from 24.88% to 8.31%. High-risk groups, including those with hypertension and diabetes, consumed more salt but also showed reductions. Awareness of salt reduction advice remained low, with only 60.9% of the general population informed.

Conclusion: While progress has been made in reducing salt intake, ongoing public health initiatives are essential to meet recommended levels, especially for high-risk populations.

The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study is a large cross-national research study, conducted in partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO). The study has surveyed young people aged 11, 13 and 15 years every 4 years since the mid-1980s and has grown to include 50 countries across Europe, North America, and Western-Central Asia. Over the past 40 years more than 1.6 million students have participated. HBSC aims to advance understanding of adolescent health behaviours, health and wellbeing within social contexts, inform national and international health promotion policies and practice, and foster collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and practitioners. In this paper we share the history and development of the HBSC study covering: i) theory-driven and novel research impact, ii) unique long-term trends in adolescent health behaviours and perceived health and wellbeing, iii) methodological rigor to allow cross-national comparison, and iv) embedding youth involvement and maximizing policy impact.

Objective: To evaluate the retention rates of adolescents and young adults (aged 10-25 years) living with HIV during the transition to adult HIV care.

Methods: The study involved 15 cohort studies conducted since 2015, focusing on adolescents and young adults aged 10-25 years living with HIV who transitioned to adult care. The primary outcome measured was the retention rate in care after transition. Data screening and extraction were performed using Covidence software, and the quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool.

Results: The pooled 1-year retention rate was 81% (95% CI: 78%, 91%), while the 2-year retention rate was 69% (95% CI: 53%, 83%). Significant heterogeneity was observed between studies (I² = 96.73%). Subgroup analyses revealed geographical differences, with Asia exhibiting the highest retention rates. Retrospective study designs yielded better retention outcomes.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the challenges and variability in retention rates for adolescents transitioning to adult HIV care. There is a critical need for targeted interventions and improved follow-up strategies to enhance retention and meet global HIV care targets.

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health issue, especially for children living with HIV/AIDS. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of TB among children on Anti-retroviral treatment (ART) and its predictors in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 428 children on ART using simple random sampling from patient registries (2011-2020). STATA statistical software was used for data analysis. The Cox regression model was used to explore predictors of TB infection.

Result: The study found that the incidence density of TB was 3.37 cases per 100 person-years. The risk factors for TB incidence among children on ART included a history of contact with active TB cases, missed isoniazid preventive therapy, advanced HIV/AIDS stages according to WHO clinical staging, poor drug adherence, and incomplete vaccination status.

Conclusion: The incidence of TB among children on ART is high, particularly within the first year of enrollment. Children with incomplete vaccination, poor adherence, missed isoniazid prophylaxis, a history of TB contact, and advanced WHO clinical stage are at an increased risk of TB incidence.

Objective: To characterize the clinical phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized children as part of the EPICO multicenter cohort study.

Methods: We included hospitalized children with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from Colombian and Spanish institutions to assess disease evolution and outcomes. Cluster analysis was performed to identify clinical phenotypes.

Results: A total of 2318 patients were included (55% male, 36% infants). Five phenotype clusters emerged: Cluster 1 (26.5%): infants without comorbidities, low PICU admissions and mortality; Cluster 2 (18.5%): respiratory comorbidities, high microorganism co-detection and mortality; Cluster 3 (11.5%): fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, high PICU admissions; Cluster 4 (32%): mild unspecific symptoms, low mortality; Cluster 5 (11.3%): adolescents without comorbidities, low co-detection and hospitalization rates. Findings were consistent across both countries.

Conclusion: Identifying clinical phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2 in children may improve risk stratification and guide future management strategies.

Objectives: To investigate the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and changing trends of syphilis in Nantong city.

Methods: Joinpoint regression model, spatial autocorrelation and SaTScan spatio-temporal scanning were used to analyze the trend of syphilis reported incidence and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics in Nantong City.

Results: From 2013 to 2022, the reported incidence of syphilis in Nantong City increased at an average annual rate of 6.60%, of which the increase rate of latent syphilis was 13.45%. The high-high clustering areas were mainly distributed in 15 streets of Chongchuan District and all streets of Nantong Development Zone. SaTScan spatio-temporal scanning detected a total of two clustering areas, all from 2021 to 2022. The first cluster includes 24 streets with a radius of 16.27 km, and the second cluster includes 18 streets within a radius of 34.90 km.

Conclusion: The reported incidence of syphilis in Nantong City showed an increasing trend, mainly manifested as an increase in latent syphilis, and the reported incidence of syphilis in various towns (streets) showed obvious spatial clustering, and attention should be paid to key areas and targeted interventions should be formulated.

Objectives: At present, most studies have focused on the effects of temperature or humidity on children's health, while relatively few have explored the combined effects of temperature and humidity on children's health. We aimed to examine the impact of humidex, a comprehensive temperature and humidity index, on the outpatient department of respiratory diseases in children.

Methods: Daily outpatient visits for pediatric respiratory disorders, meteorological conditions, and air pollution in Shijiazhuang were recorded. From 2014 to 2022, we evaluated the impact of humidex on outpatient visits for respiratory disorders in children using a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). The model controlled air pollution (PM_2.5, NO₂, and SO₂) and wind velocity, as well as day of week, seasonality, and long-term trend. In addition, stratified analysis was performed according to different genders, ages, and disease types.

Results: Humidex and the outpatient exposure-response curve of children's respiratory diseases showed a "V" type. The cumulative relative risks (CRR) of extremely high and low humidex were 1.124 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.030-1.228) and 1.344 (95% CI = 1.136-1.590), respectively. The burden of respiratory diseases in children attributed to non-optimal humidex was 13.96% (95% empirical CI[eCI] = 7.81-19.33%), most of which was attributed to low humidex, with an AF of 12.54% (95% eCI = 5.94-18.32%), and only 1.42% (95% eCI = 0.19-2.48%) was due to high humidex.

Conclusion: Low humidex exposure significantly increased the risk of respiratory illnesses in children, and children aged 7-14 were more susceptible to low humidex.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of prehypertension in the occupational population and the risk factors associated with the progression of hypertension.

Methods: Data were collected from 13,791 people who attended occupational health examinations in Chengdu, Deyang and Mianyang in 2019 and 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze prevalence and progression rates, and logistic regression was applied to assess factors influencing the progression from prehypertension to hypertension.

Results: The prevalence of prehypertension was 53.66% in 2019 and 55.46% in 2023. Data from 2023 indicated that 14.05% of individuals with prehypertension had developed hypertension. Chi-square analysis revealed statistically significant associations between prehypertension progression and factors such as gender, age, BMI, enterprise size and exposure to occupational harmful factors. Logistic regression identified male gender, older age, higher BMI, and smaller enterprise size as significant risk factors for hypertension progression among individuals with prehypertension.

Conclusion: The prevalence of prehypertension is high among occupational populations in China, with higher susceptibility noted among men and individuals with elevated BMI. Occupational health intervention strategies should be developed to manage and prevent the progression of hypertension.

Objectives: As life expectancy rises at a faster rate than healthy life expectancy, there is a global need for scalable and cost-effective interventions that enhance the health-related quality of life of older adults. This study aimed to examine the user experience and usability of a 12-week digital multidomain lifestyle intervention in community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above.

Methods: The intervention was developed involving older adults and delivered through a mobile application (app) focusing on physical activity, nutrition, sleep and mindfulness/relaxation. We used a mixed methods sequential explanatory approach to evaluate the user experience and usability of the intervention. We delivered online questionnaires before and after the intervention, collected app usage data and conducted semi-structured interviews.

Results: One hundred eight older adults participated in the study. Fifty-six percent of participants completed the 12-week intervention. Users who completed the intervention experienced it as highly satisfactory and rated the usability as high. User engagement was particularly high for the physical activity content.

Conclusion: Although participant retention can be a challenge, a digital multidomain lifestyle intervention developed involving community-dwelling older adults can lead to positive user experience and high usability.

Objectives: Mozambique is a large country with low GDP and dispersed population. The health service has limited human and physical resources. These constraints have the potential to result in poor quality of care with an impact on patient safety and person experience.

Methods: This paper is a "before and after" assessment of a quality and safety improvement project based on a qualitative and quantitative review.

Results: Four case studies illustrate the success of the programme with gains in terms of reduction of maternal death and Key lessons are that aid agencies need to coproduce solutions with the local MoH and clinical teams so that there is ownership of the programme. Thus, all interventions need to be financially light, i.e., aiming to achieve success with minimal funding, so that when the programme ends there is a sustainable plan that can be maintained.

Conclusion: In this review of quality improvement initiatives in Mozambican hospitals we have demonstrated the potential to enhance patient outcomes despite resource constraints. The key to the success of the initiative has been collaborative work as equal partners.