International Journal of Public Health最新文献

Objectives: To investigate the causal relationship between workplace violence and health outcomes among healthcare workers, addressing gaps in evidence on its mechanisms and heterogeneous effects.

Methods: A nationally representative cohort of 4,255 Chinese healthcare workers was surveyed via four-stage stratified sampling. Causal effects were estimated using multiple linear models and ordered logit model, with robustness checks via propensity score matching and instrumental variables to mitigate endogeneity.

Results: Workplace violence reduces the probability of healthcare workers experiencing improved health by 12.9% (p = 0.000), with this effect persisting even after considering endogeneity. Physical violence had the most substantial impact, while psychological and verbal violence also contributed. Professional values mediated the effect. Vulnerable subgroups included women, younger workers, lower-ranking staff, and non-tertiary hospital employees.

Conclusion: This study provides causal evidence that workplace violence undermines the health of healthcare workers, with implications for hospital policies and occupational safety standards. Interventions should prioritize physical violence prevention, support for high-risk groups, and value-based resilience training.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore the experiences of immigrants in Spain using the internet for health-related purposes, while identifying the barriers, needs, and opportunities within the context of digital health literacy.

Methods: 24 individuals with immigrant backgrounds in Spain participated in semi-structured interviews guided by a participatory framework. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results: Immigrants perceive digital health literacy as a valuable tool for empowering them to take a more active role in managing their health. However, socio-economic and cultural barriers such as language limitations and low levels of education were identified. Key needs included improvements in health platforms, particularly regarding access, content and security. Participants advocate for greater involvement from healthcare providers and strategic stakeholders to better adapt services to immigrant communities.

Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, offering evidence-based approaches for inclusive strategies to enhance digital health literacy. It also emphasizes the necessity of policies tailored to the specific health needs of immigrant populations, aiming to reduce health inequalities.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607774.].

Objectives: This study addressed the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) formulated with excess of energy/fats/sugars (hence deemed as unhealthy) and factors associated with it in children and adolescents living in 5 Mediterranean countries participating to the DELICIOUS (UnDErstanding consumer food choices & promotion of healthy and sustainable Mediterranean diet and LIfestyle in Children and adolescents through behavIOUral change actionS) project.

Methods: A total of 2011 parents of children and adolescents (6-17 years) participated in a survey exploring their children's frequency consumption of unhealthy UPFs and demographic, eating, and lifestyle habits.

Results: Most children consumed unhealthy UPFs daily: higher intake was associated with being older and with obesity, as well as higher parental education and younger age. Children eating more frequently out of home and with a higher number of meals were also more likely to consume unhealthier UPF. Moreover, more screen time and a lower healthy lifestyle score were associated with higher unhealthy UPF consumption.

Conclusion: consumption of unhealthy UPFs seems to be preeminent in children and adolescents living in the Mediterranean area and associated with an overall unhealthy lifestyle.

Objectives: Prior work has identified an inverse relationship between depression and cognition in older adults, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. This study investigated whether internet use mediates this relationship in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: Data were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2015 to 2020 (n = 9,610). The Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) with mediation analysis was used; subgroup analyses were conducted for middle-aged (45-64) and older (65+) adults.

Results: At the between-person level, a significant negative correlation was found between cognitive function and depressive symptoms. Within-person analysis revealed a bidirectional relationship: poorer cognitive function predicted increased depressive symptoms (β* = -0.080, p < 0.001), and conversely, increased depressive symptoms predicted poorer cognitive function (β* = -0.019, p < 0.05). Internet use partially mediated this relationship, accounting for 8.58% and 9.69% of the total effects, respectively. This mediating effect was stronger in middle-aged adults than in older adults.

Conclusion: These results emphasize the continued importance of exploring multidisciplinary interventions to mitigate depressive symptoms and delay cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adult populations.

Objectives: With the rising prevalence of depression and its growing disease burden, and given that few studies have examined the link between subjective social status (SSS) and depression among the labor force, this study aimed to explore the association between SSS and depression in the workforce and to examine potential mediating factors.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 2018 China Labor-force Dynamic Survey, with a final sample of 10,065 participants. Depression was assessed using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. SSS was measured via the MacArthur Scale. Linear regression models examined the association between SSS and depression, while structural equation modeling tested the mediating effect of sense of social equity.

Results: In total, 12.37% of participants were identified as having probable depression. SSS was significantly associated with depression (β = -0.08, P < 0.05). Sense of social equity accounted for approximately 33% of the total effect.

Conclusion: Among China's labor force population, SSS is independently related to depression, and sense of social equity plays an important mediating role. Depression in the labor force - those with low SSS - warrants greater attention.

Objectives: To examine the association between food insecurity (FI) and loneliness in countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).

Methods: Data were analysed from 15,568 adults in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine, collected in the Health in Times of Transition (HITT) survey in 2010-2011. Information was obtained on both FI and loneliness with single-item measures. Logistic regression was used to examine associations.

Results: In a fully adjusted analysis, moderate (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.16-1.57) and severe FI (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.58-2.38) were associated with significantly higher odds of loneliness in the pooled sample. In sex- and age-stratified analyses, severe FI was associated with loneliness in all population subgroups, with odds ratios ranging from 1.69 to 1.99. However, moderate FI was linked to loneliness in only three of the five subgroups. In further analyses, FI was associated with loneliness in six of the nine countries.

Conclusion: FI is associated with loneliness in FSU countries. Efforts to increase food security in these countries may be important for improving physical and psychological well-being among adults in the general population.

The development of trustworthy Health Data Spaces (HDS) is currently in the spotlight of digital health policy. Diverse stakeholders agree on the importance of trust for the adoption and legitimacy of HDS. This emphasis on trust has led to the development of conceptual work describing what trust in HDS entails, along with initial suggestions on how trust principles can be operationalized in HDS governance and architecture. In contrast, little research has been conducted on methods to evaluate the performance of trust-building principles and the overall trustworthiness of HDS. In response, we propose two distinct methodologies that share a common focus on assessing trustworthiness: A) Trust Performance Indicators collect routine data related to trust-building principles. B) Trust Stress Tests support the design of resilient HDS architectures by identifying potential future scenarios that could undermine their trustworthiness. Through these methodologies, we aim to contribute to the ongoing development of trustworthy HDS.

Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) face heightened suicide risk due to occupational stressors and other proximal and distal factors. To our knowledge, this study is the first study in Lebanon and among the first globally to examine the association between childhood adversities and suicidality among HCWs within overlapping national crises.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study among 390 HCWs in Lebanon. Using an online survey, data included sociodemographics, Beirut port blast, adulthood trauma, economic collapse, COVID-19, network/support, childhood adversities, mental health (PHQ-9/PCL-5), substance use, prior health and suicidality. Analyses in Stata used bivariate and stepwise logistic regressions to determine parsimonious predictors of suicidality in past-two-week and lifetime suicidality.

Results: Childhood emotional neglect and depression emerged significantly predicted suicidality in the past-two-weeks. Younger age, PTSD due to childhood trauma, PTSD related to a loved one's illness and depression were significantly associated with lifetime suicidality. Contrary to previous findings, COVID-19 stressors and financial difficulties were not retained in the final model.

Conclusion: HCWs suicidality is associated with early-life adversities and trauma. Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions.

Objective: To assess the competence of students and academic staff to use generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) as a tool in epidemiological data analyses in a randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: We invited postgraduate students and academic staff at the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute to the RCT. Participants were randomized to analyse a simulated cross-sectional dataset using ChatGPT's code interpreter (integrated analysis arm) vs. a statistical software (R/Stata) with ChatGPT as a support tool (distributed analysis arm). The primary outcome was the trial task score (out of 17, using an assessment rubric). Secondary outcome was the time to complete the task.

Results: We invited 338 and randomized 31 participants equally to the two study arms and 30 participants submitted results. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in mean task scores between the distributed analysis arm (8.5, ±4.6) and the integrated analysis arm (9.4, ±3.8), with a mean difference of 0.93 (p = 0.55). Mean task completion time was significantly shorter in the integrated analysis arm compared to the distributed analysis arm.

Conclusion: While ChatGPT offers advantages, its effective use requires a careful balance of GenAI capabilities and human expertise.