International Journal of Public Health最新文献

Objective: To examine global temporal trends in Parkinson's disease (PD) prevalence from 1992 to 2021, providing a foundation for targeted prevention and control strategies for neurodegenerative disorder.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were analyzed using an age-period-cohort model to assess temporal trends in PD at global levels. Decomposition analysis evaluated the influence of population aging, growth and epidemiological transitions on disease burden.

Results: From 1992 to 2021, the global number of PD cases increased from 3,471,682.09 to 11,756,618.58. The age-standardized prevalence rose from 191.38 per 100,000 to 292.93 per 100,000 population, with a global net drift value of 1.42%. Globally, PD prevalence increased and then declined with age, though some regions showed continuous rise. Period and cohort effects suggested increasing relative risk worldwide and in several regions. Decomposition analysis identified population growth as the primary driver of the increasing global PD burden.

Conclusion: PD prevalence and age-standardized rates increased globally and regionally, with a marked surge among individuals aged 60+. Underscoring the need for region-tailored strategies aligned with World Health Organization's objectives for 2030.

Objectives: This study examined oral hygiene behavior (OHB) and Health Belief Model-based (HBM) determinants among asylum seekers and refugees (ASR).

Methods: Cross-sectional survey data from 300 Arabic-speaking ASRs in Switzerland were analyzed for associations of two OHB outcomes (Adequate: toothbrushing twice a day; interdental cleaning at least each other day) with HBM-based explanatory variables. Mixed logistic regression models were used, adjusting for age, sex, education, and household.

Results: Inadequate-OHB was common (toothbrushing: 47%; interdental cleaning: 65%). ASRs reporting higher self-efficacy under stress, more likely reported adequate-OHB (toothbrushing: odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.93 (0.68,12.70); interdental cleaning: 3.10 (2.28,4.22). Barriers (anticipating pain or breakage, lack of time, limited knowledge) were associated with reduced likelihood of adequate-OHB (interdental cleaning: don't know how: 0.76 (0.61, 0.95)). Benefits were associated with adequate interdental cleaning (making mouth feel better: 1.61 (1.14, 2.27); saving money later: 1.36 (1.01; 1.82)). The likelihood of adequate toothbrushing increased with autonomy (control of decisions on one's dental health: 1.40 (0.91, 2.17)).

Conclusion: Self-efficacy, autonomy, barriers and benefits may be key OHB determinants among ASRs, but need testing in intervention studies.

Objectives: Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease. This study aimed to assess public attitudes towards obesity and identify factors influencing its social perception in a representative adult sample in Poland.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of 1,088 Polish adults was conducted from 23-26 May 2025, using computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI).

Results: Most respondents (85.7%) considered obesity a significant health problem in Poland. Nearly half (45.5%) believed obese individuals showed less interest in their health, while 44.2% linked obesity to a lack of health concern. Additionally, 43.2% viewed obesity as a cause for shame. Support for greater societal acceptance of obesity was declared by 45.6%. Multivariable analysis showed that having children increased the odds of recognizing obesity as a major health issue (aOR = 1.58; 95%CI:1.06-2.36, p = 0.03). Men and younger adults were more likely to perceive obese people as less health-conscious (p < 0.05). Viewing obesity as shameful was associated with male gender (aOR = 1.48, 95%CI:1.16-1.91, p = 0.002), age 30-49, higher education (aOR = 1.44, 95%CI:1.11-1.87, p = 0.006), and living in towns of 20,000-499,999 residents.

Conclusion: Obesity is perceived as a significant health problem, but mis-perceptions remain common.

Objectives: Syria has undergone significant socio-political turmoil since 2011 as internal conflict displaced portions of the population, destroyed infrastructure, and destabilized the economy. In the context of multilevel healthcare system disruptions, there have been increasing reports of substance use. This study seeks to evaluate patterns of substance use in Northwestern Syria.

Methods: Trained staff administered questionnaires to community members in Azaz, Syria. Questions focused on the substance use prevalence, societal and public health impacts, and perspectives on treatment availability.

Results: 480 individuals were surveyed (80·88% male, 19·12 % female; 43·39% were 18-25 yrs, 11·5% reported personal substance use). H-booz (amphetamines), hashish (cannabis), and tramadol were the top 3 used. Displaced individuals exhibited twice the odds of substance use compared to non-displaced, with higher education and age demonstrating strong protective effects.

Conclusions: The current sociopolitical and economic situation shaped patterns of substance use within Syria, with reported prevalence likely an underestimate given social desirability bias. Those commenting on their use met the criteria for substance use disorder. Results underscore the need for improved access to treatment options in the region.

Objectives: menuCH-Kids was launched to generate the first Swiss nationwide children's dietary data, assess food contaminant exposure, and inform nutrition policies. This paper describes the methods, data quality, and participants characteristics.

Methods: In 2023-2024, a cross-sectional population-based survey in six Swiss centres collected dietary data via two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls/records and a Food Propensity Questionnaire; lifestyle, health, eating behaviours and sociodemographic information via online questionnaires; anthropometrics, urine, and voluntary blood samples by trained professionals with standardized procedures in 6-17-year-olds. Area-based socioeconomic position (Swiss-SEP) was linked to home addresses. Statistical weights corrected for unequal selection probabilities and non-response. Factors associated with participation were explored using logistic regressions.

Results: 1,852 participants attended the visit (participation rate = 11.9%). Data quality was high (<6% missing values, 15.1% dietary under-reporters, and 98% of biosamples processed on time). Non-participants were older, male, non-Swiss, from lower socioeconomic neighbourhoods, and smaller household. Adding socioeconomic position improved participation prediction models.

Conclusion: menuCH-Kids provides high-quality dietary and health data on Swiss youth. Low participation highlights the need for a weighting strategy including socioeconomic position to compensate biases.

Objectives: To identify psychosocial determinants of vaccine hesitancy and vaccination behavior among older adults in China, using an integrated framework of the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey targeting individuals aged 60+ years during the pandemic vaccine rollout. The analysis included Probit regression models based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), risk perception, vaccine confidence and behavioral intervention, with demographic and health status as control variables.

Results: Among older adults, vaccine hesitancy was significantly associated with perceived benefits, perceived barriers, attitude, self-efficacy, concerns about vaccine safety, perceived vaccine necessity, positive incentives, negative social pressure, information prompts, and vaccination reminders. Actual vaccination behavior was significantly influenced by vaccine hesitancy, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, attitude, self-efficacy, and positive incentives, etc. Age and medical contraindications significantly affected both hesitancy and vaccine behavior.

Conclusion: The integrated theoretical framework reveals age-specific behavioral pathways that are critical to vaccine acceptance among older Chinese adults. These findings underscore the importance of age-tailored interventions that address psychosocial barriers and leverage timely behavioral nudges to improve immunization outcomes in aging populations.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effect of transitioning to working from home (WFH) on health for employees with a tertiary degree.

Methods: Data were drawn from the COVID-19 Social Monitor, a large, high-frequency longitudinal online panel of the Swiss 18-79-year-old resident population (N = 3,381). We estimated individual-fixed-effects models to examine the effect of transitioning to WFH on 13 binary health outcomes related to general health, mental health, physical health, health behaviour and social trust.

Results: Even post-COVID-19 WFH measures, the proportion of tertiary-educated employees working from home remained high relative to pre-pandemic levels. Individual fixed-effects estimates suggest no evidence of an effect of transitioning to WFH on any of the health outcomes.

Conclusion: The upward trend in WFH underscores the importance of health-impact research in this context. The absence of adverse health effects is significant for employers and policymakers aiming to provide flexible work arrangements. Our study provides a benchmark for future research by encompassing a comprehensive range of health outcomes and utilizing a longitudinal panel structure that captures the transition from mandatory to optional WFH arrangements.

Objectives: To assess the long-term impact of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model on employment outcomes among individuals with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) and personality disorders (PDs) in Italy, and to examine the role of sociodemographic and clinical factors over a 42-month period.

Methods: We analyzed a 42-month longitudinal cohort of 1,408 IPS participants from seven Community Mental Health Centers in northern Italy. Data on demographics, diagnoses, and employment history were collected. Employment outcomes were compared across diagnostic groups and by nativity using Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results: Employment rates varied significantly by diagnosis. Participants with schizophrenia, PDs, and depression achieved higher job acquisition rates, whereas those with addiction disorders and milder psychiatric conditions faced greater barriers. Native participants were more likely to obtain employment, although job retention rates were comparable between groups. Job tenure differed across diagnoses, with those with addiction disorders showing shorter employment durations.

Conclusion: The IPS model improves employment for individuals with SMIs and PDs, though disparities by diagnosis and nativity remain. Tailored interventions are needed to promote more inclusive and equitable vocational rehabilitation.

Objectives: This study examines SARS-CoV-2 infection by occupational class (OC) among working adults during the early pandemic in France and the mediating role of work-related exposures in regions highly and less affected by COVID-19.

Methods: We analyzed data from 46,849 workers in the French EpiCoV cohort. SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined by self-reported COVID-19-like symptoms between mid-March and the end of June 2020. We related OC with reporting COVID-19-like symptoms in both regions and assessed the mediating effect of work-related exposures using the Karlson-Holm-Breen method of mediation analysis.

Results: During the study period, 7.1% of workers reported COVID-19-like symptoms. In less-affected regions, the highest OC workers reported symptoms more often than the lowest, while in the highly affected regions, middle OCs reported symptoms more often than those in the upper class. Regardless, work-related factors increased symptom risk in the middle and lower OCs compared to the highest OC.

Conclusion: Distinct transmission dynamics shaped the evolution of occupational class disparities during the early pandemic. Workplace exposures played a significant role in these disparities, even when offset by other exposure-related factors.