Pub Date : 2024-06-24eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607410
Daniel Sperling
Objectives: Exploring the experiences, perceptions and meanings of family members and close friends of Israeli individuals who sought aid-in-dying outside Israel.
Methods: Using the phenomenological-interpretive approach, a qualitative research design was employed, based on ten in-depth semi-structured interviews with Israelis who had provided support for a relative who embarked on suicide tourism.
Results: The following five themes emerged from interviews: (1) facilitators for supporting an individual requesting suicide tourism; (2) choosing death and actively making the decision to die; (3) the meaning of traveling to die; (4) offering support throughout the process; and (5) facilitating procedures after death.
Conclusion: The participants spoke of the active role that they played in their relative's suicide-tourism journey. They conveyed conflicting emotions and values regarding the decision at hand, the ability to say goodbye thanks to their pre-planned death, helping to reduce their suffering and burden, and dealing with the challenge of disclosing the deceased's plans, before and after the act, as well as their own involvement in the process. Relatives of suicide-tourism patients should receive professional support during and following this difficult process.
{"title":"Views, Attitudes and Challenges When Supporting a Family Member in Their Decision to Travel to Switzerland to Receive Aid-In-Dying.","authors":"Daniel Sperling","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607410","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Exploring the experiences, perceptions and meanings of family members and close friends of Israeli individuals who sought aid-in-dying outside Israel.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the phenomenological-interpretive approach, a qualitative research design was employed, based on ten in-depth semi-structured interviews with Israelis who had provided support for a relative who embarked on suicide tourism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The following five themes emerged from interviews: (1) facilitators for supporting an individual requesting suicide tourism; (2) choosing death and actively making the decision to die; (3) the meaning of traveling to die; (4) offering support throughout the process; and (5) facilitating procedures after death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The participants spoke of the active role that they played in their relative's suicide-tourism journey. They conveyed conflicting emotions and values regarding the decision at hand, the ability to say goodbye thanks to their pre-planned death, helping to reduce their suffering and burden, and dealing with the challenge of disclosing the deceased's plans, before and after the act, as well as their own involvement in the process. Relatives of suicide-tourism patients should receive professional support during and following this difficult process.</p>","PeriodicalId":14322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11228154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141558678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study aimed to assess the awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors among adults in Poland and to identify factors associated with public awareness of risk factors for genitourinary cancers.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out between 1 and 4 March 2024 in a nationwide sample of 2,165 adults in Poland. Quota sampling was used. Data were collected using computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method.
Results: Regardless of the type of cancer (kidney, bladder, or prostate cancer), a family history of cancer was the most recognized risk factor indicated by over half of respondents. Over one-third were aware that chemical exposure increases the risk for bladder cancer (39.4%) or prostate cancer (34.2%). Smoking was recognized as a risk factor for kidney cancer by 40.6% of respondents. Female gender, having higher education, being occupationally active and the presence of chronic diseases were the most important factors (p < 0.05) associated with a higher level of awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors.
Conclusion: This study revealed gaps in public awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors among adults in Poland, especially lifestyle-related and workplace-related risk factors.
{"title":"Awareness of Genitourinary Cancers Risk Factors-A 2024 Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Poland.","authors":"Gabriela Moczeniat, Mateusz Jankowski, Aneta Duda-Zalewska, Mariusz Gujski","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607264","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors among adults in Poland and to identify factors associated with public awareness of risk factors for genitourinary cancers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional survey was carried out between 1 and 4 March 2024 in a nationwide sample of 2,165 adults in Poland. Quota sampling was used. Data were collected using computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regardless of the type of cancer (kidney, bladder, or prostate cancer), a family history of cancer was the most recognized risk factor indicated by over half of respondents. Over one-third were aware that chemical exposure increases the risk for bladder cancer (39.4%) or prostate cancer (34.2%). Smoking was recognized as a risk factor for kidney cancer by 40.6% of respondents. Female gender, having higher education, being occupationally active and the presence of chronic diseases were the most important factors (<i>p</i> < 0.05) associated with a higher level of awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed gaps in public awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors among adults in Poland, especially lifestyle-related and workplace-related risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11224143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606499
Elyse A Jennings, Sumaya Mall, Darina T Bassil, Kathleen Kahn
Objectives: We aimed to assess later-life health responses to childhood and lifetime adversity in a cohort of rural, Black South African adults.
Methods: We performed ordinary least squares regression using two waves of data from Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI) to estimate a decline in cognitive, mental, and physical health over approximately 3 years. Our analytic sample consisted of 1,993 women and 1,496 men.
Results: Associations between several types of adversity and health outcomes point to declines in health. At the same time, many adverse experiences are associated with improvements in cognitive, mental, and physical health in later life. The direction of the association varied by type of exposure, health outcome, and gender.
Conclusion: In populations exposed to many adversities during life, specific adverse experiences may sometimes be associated with greater improvements (and not just greater decline) in health in later life. Further research is needed to unpack the mechanisms at play in these populations.
{"title":"Exposure to Adversity and its Impact on Later Life Cognitive, Mental, and Physical Health.","authors":"Elyse A Jennings, Sumaya Mall, Darina T Bassil, Kathleen Kahn","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1606499","DOIUrl":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1606499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to assess later-life health responses to childhood and lifetime adversity in a cohort of rural, Black South African adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed ordinary least squares regression using two waves of data from Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI) to estimate a decline in cognitive, mental, and physical health over approximately 3 years. Our analytic sample consisted of 1,993 women and 1,496 men.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Associations between several types of adversity and health outcomes point to declines in health. At the same time, many adverse experiences are associated with improvements in cognitive, mental, and physical health in later life. The direction of the association varied by type of exposure, health outcome, and gender.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In populations exposed to many adversities during life, specific adverse experiences may sometimes be associated with greater improvements (and not just greater decline) in health in later life. Further research is needed to unpack the mechanisms at play in these populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11219567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607460
O. Gruebner, Suzanne Elayan, Martin Sykora, Markus Wolf, Michael von Rhein, Marta Fadda
{"title":"Pediatric Neuromuscular Diseases and Psychosocial Wellbeing: Why We Also Need to Invest in Digital Platforms","authors":"O. Gruebner, Suzanne Elayan, Martin Sykora, Markus Wolf, Michael von Rhein, Marta Fadda","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1607460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606956
Yaxin Zhao, Zixuan Peng, Zhongliang Zhou, Xiaohui Zhai, Shaoqing Gong, Chi Shen, Tianci Zhang, Dantong Zhao, Dan Cao
We evaluated the long-term effects of air pollution controls on health and health inequity among Chinese >45 years of age.Data were derived from the China Health Aging and Retirement Longitudinal Survey and the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre. Decreases in PM2.5 and PM10 were scaled to measure air quality controls. We used a quasi-experimental design to estimate the impact of air quality controls on self-reported health and health inequity. Health disparities were estimated using the concentration index and the horizontal index.Air pollution controls significantly improved self-reported health by 20% (OR 1.20, 95% CI, 1.02–1.42). The poorest group had a 40% (OR 1.41, 95% CI, 0.96–2.08) higher probability of having excellent self-reported health after air pollution controls. A pro-rich health inequity was observed, and the horizontal index decreased after air pollution controls.Air pollution controls have a long-term positive effect on health and health equity. The poorest population are the main beneficiaries of air pollution controls, which suggests policymakers should make efforts to reduce health inequity in air pollution controls.
{"title":"The Impact of Air Pollution Controls on Health and Health Inequity Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese: Evidence From Panel Data","authors":"Yaxin Zhao, Zixuan Peng, Zhongliang Zhou, Xiaohui Zhai, Shaoqing Gong, Chi Shen, Tianci Zhang, Dantong Zhao, Dan Cao","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1606956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1606956","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the long-term effects of air pollution controls on health and health inequity among Chinese >45 years of age.Data were derived from the China Health Aging and Retirement Longitudinal Survey and the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre. Decreases in PM2.5 and PM10 were scaled to measure air quality controls. We used a quasi-experimental design to estimate the impact of air quality controls on self-reported health and health inequity. Health disparities were estimated using the concentration index and the horizontal index.Air pollution controls significantly improved self-reported health by 20% (OR 1.20, 95% CI, 1.02–1.42). The poorest group had a 40% (OR 1.41, 95% CI, 0.96–2.08) higher probability of having excellent self-reported health after air pollution controls. A pro-rich health inequity was observed, and the horizontal index decreased after air pollution controls.Air pollution controls have a long-term positive effect on health and health equity. The poorest population are the main beneficiaries of air pollution controls, which suggests policymakers should make efforts to reduce health inequity in air pollution controls.","PeriodicalId":14322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607218
Hannah Roesner, Thomas Neusius, Reinhard Strametz, José Joaquín Mira
Acknowledging peer support as the cornerstone in mitigating the psychosocial burden arising from the second victim phenomenon, this study assesses the economic benefits of a Peer Support Program (PSP), compared to data of the Resilience In Stressful Events (RISE) program in the US, within the acute inpatient care sector in Germany.Employing a Markov model, this economic evaluation analyzes the cost benefits, including sick day and dropout costs, over a 1-year period, comparing scenarios with and without the Peer Support Program from a hospital perspective. The costs were calculated as an example based on a hospital with 1,000 employees. The estimations are considered conservative.The anticipated outcomes demonstrate an average cost saving of €6,672 per healthcare worker participating in the Peer Support Program, leading to an annual budgetary impact of approximately €6,67 Mio. for the studied hospital.The integration of a PSP proves economically advantageous for German hospitals, not only preserving financial resources but also reducing absenteeism, and mitigating turnover, thereby enhancing overall patient care.
{"title":"Economic Value of Peer Support Program in German Hospitals","authors":"Hannah Roesner, Thomas Neusius, Reinhard Strametz, José Joaquín Mira","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1607218","url":null,"abstract":"Acknowledging peer support as the cornerstone in mitigating the psychosocial burden arising from the second victim phenomenon, this study assesses the economic benefits of a Peer Support Program (PSP), compared to data of the Resilience In Stressful Events (RISE) program in the US, within the acute inpatient care sector in Germany.Employing a Markov model, this economic evaluation analyzes the cost benefits, including sick day and dropout costs, over a 1-year period, comparing scenarios with and without the Peer Support Program from a hospital perspective. The costs were calculated as an example based on a hospital with 1,000 employees. The estimations are considered conservative.The anticipated outcomes demonstrate an average cost saving of €6,672 per healthcare worker participating in the Peer Support Program, leading to an annual budgetary impact of approximately €6,67 Mio. for the studied hospital.The integration of a PSP proves economically advantageous for German hospitals, not only preserving financial resources but also reducing absenteeism, and mitigating turnover, thereby enhancing overall patient care.","PeriodicalId":14322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607399
María Victoria Brunelli, Mariana Graciela Seisdedos, Maria Maluenda Martinez
When adverse events (AE) occur, there are different consequences for healthcare professionals. The environment in which professionals work can influence the experience. This study aims to explore the experiences of second victims (SV) among health professionals in Argentina.A phenomenological study was used with in-depth interviews with healthcare professionals. Audio recordings and verbatim transcriptions were analyzed independently for themes, subthemes, and codes.Three main themes emerged from the analysis: navigating the experience, the environment, and the turning point. Subthemes were identified for navigating the experience to describe the process: receiving the impact, transition, and taking action.SVs undergo a process after an AE. The environment is part of this experience. It is a turning point in SVs’ professional and personal lives. Improving the psychological safety (PS) environment is essential for ensuring the safety of SVs.
{"title":"Second Victim Experience: A Dynamic Process Conditioned by the Environment. A Qualitative Research","authors":"María Victoria Brunelli, Mariana Graciela Seisdedos, Maria Maluenda Martinez","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1607399","url":null,"abstract":"When adverse events (AE) occur, there are different consequences for healthcare professionals. The environment in which professionals work can influence the experience. This study aims to explore the experiences of second victims (SV) among health professionals in Argentina.A phenomenological study was used with in-depth interviews with healthcare professionals. Audio recordings and verbatim transcriptions were analyzed independently for themes, subthemes, and codes.Three main themes emerged from the analysis: navigating the experience, the environment, and the turning point. Subthemes were identified for navigating the experience to describe the process: receiving the impact, transition, and taking action.SVs undergo a process after an AE. The environment is part of this experience. It is a turning point in SVs’ professional and personal lives. Improving the psychological safety (PS) environment is essential for ensuring the safety of SVs.","PeriodicalId":14322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606689
Natalia Cantet, Marcela Ibañez, J. Muñoz-Mora, Laura Maria Quintero
The adoption of vaccines was a crucial factor in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. However, vaccination rates between rural and urban areas varied greatly. In this paper, our objective is to understand the individual and institutional factors associated with the uptake of vaccines in remote rural areas in Colombia.We interviewed a random sample of 800 households (1,592 individuals) in remote rural areas of Antioquia (Colombia) during February 2022 when vaccinations were available. Then, we use a linear probability model to explain the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine.The results indicate that the probability of having at least the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine is positively associated with access to information, trust in police and army, and the perceived risk of contracting COVID-19. Trust in the church is negatively related to vaccination.Institutions can play a critical role in the management of pandemics. Timely information on the risks associated with the disease and perceived riskiness are key factors that mobilize the population to take the COVID-19 vaccine.
{"title":"Key Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Take-Up in Remote Rural Areas: Evidence From Colombia","authors":"Natalia Cantet, Marcela Ibañez, J. Muñoz-Mora, Laura Maria Quintero","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1606689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1606689","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of vaccines was a crucial factor in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. However, vaccination rates between rural and urban areas varied greatly. In this paper, our objective is to understand the individual and institutional factors associated with the uptake of vaccines in remote rural areas in Colombia.We interviewed a random sample of 800 households (1,592 individuals) in remote rural areas of Antioquia (Colombia) during February 2022 when vaccinations were available. Then, we use a linear probability model to explain the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine.The results indicate that the probability of having at least the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine is positively associated with access to information, trust in police and army, and the perceived risk of contracting COVID-19. Trust in the church is negatively related to vaccination.Institutions can play a critical role in the management of pandemics. Timely information on the risks associated with the disease and perceived riskiness are key factors that mobilize the population to take the COVID-19 vaccine.","PeriodicalId":14322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ChatGPT and Refugee’s Health: Innovative Solutions for Changing the Game","authors":"Shima Jahani, Zahra Dehghanian, Amirhossein Takian","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1607306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1607306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606399
B. Sahiledengle, D. Atlaw, Lillian Mwanri, Pammla Petrucka, A. Kumie, Yohannes Tekalegn, F. Desta, Demisu Zenbaba, Telila Mesfin, Degefa Gomora, Kingsley Emwinyore Agho
Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to: i) determine the pooled prevalence of acute diarrhea; and ii) synthesize and summarize current evidence on factors of acute diarrheal illnesses among under-five children in Ethiopia.Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, HINARI, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Global Index Medicus, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and the Cochrane Library. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The methodological quality of each included article was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality assessment tool for cross-sectional and case-control studies. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of diarrheal illnesses. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using I2 test statistics and Egger’s test, respectively. The statistical analysis was done using STATA™ software version 14.Results: Fifty-three studies covering over 27,458 under-five children who met the inclusion criteria were included. The pooled prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia was found to be 20.8% (95% CI: 18.69–22.84, n = 44, I2 = 94.9%, p < 0.001). Our analysis revealed a higher prevalence of childhood diarrhea in age groups of 12–23 months 25.42% (95%CI: 21.50–29.35, I2 = 89.4%, p < 0.001). In general, the evidence suggests that diarrheal risk factors could include: i) child level determinants (child’s age 0–23 months, not being vaccinated against rotavirus, lack of exclusive breastfeeding, and being an under-nourished child); ii) parental level determinants {mothers poor handwashing practices [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 3.05; 95% CI:2.08–4.54] and a history of maternal recent diarrhea (pooled OR = 3.19, 95%CI: 1.94–5.25)}; and iii) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) determinants [lack of toilet facility (pooled OR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.05–2.33)], lack handwashing facility (pooled OR = 4.16, 95%CI: 2.49–6.95) and not treating drinking water (pooled OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.50–3.46).Conclusion: In Ethiopia, the prevalence of diarrhea among children under the age of five remains high and is still a public health problem. The contributing factors to acute diarrheal illnesses were child, parental, and WASH factors. A continued focus on improving access to WASH facilities, along with enhancing maternal hygiene behavior will accelerate reductions in diarrheal disease burden in Ethiopia.
目标：本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在：i) 确定急性腹泻的总体流行率；ii) 综合并总结有关埃塞俄比亚五岁以下儿童急性腹泻疾病因素的现有证据：在 PubMed、SCOPUS、HINARI、Science Direct、Google Scholar、Global Index Medicus、Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) 和 Cochrane Library 中进行了全面系统的搜索。本系统综述和荟萃分析遵循《系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目》（PRISMA）指南。采用乔安娜-布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute，JBI）的横断面和病例对照研究质量评估工具对每篇纳入文章的方法学质量进行了评估。采用随机效应荟萃分析模型估算腹泻疾病的总体患病率。异质性和发表偏倚分别使用 I2 检验统计量和 Egger 检验进行评估。统计分析采用 STATA™ 软件 14 版：符合纳入标准的 53 项研究涵盖了超过 27,458 名五岁以下儿童。研究发现，埃塞俄比亚五岁以下儿童腹泻的总患病率为 20.8%（95% CI：18.69-22.84，n = 44，I2 = 94.9%，p < 0.001）。我们的分析显示，12-23 个月年龄组的儿童腹泻发病率较高，为 25.42%（95%CI：21.50-29.35，I2 = 89.4%，p <0.001）。总体而言，证据表明腹泻风险因素可能包括：i) 儿童层面的决定因素（儿童年龄为 0-23 个月、未接种轮状病毒疫苗、缺乏纯母乳喂养、营养不良）；ii) 家长层面的决定因素{母亲洗手习惯差[合计几率比（OR）=3.05；95%CI:2.08-4.54]，以及母亲近期有腹泻史[合计几率比（OR）=3.05；95%CI:2.08-4.54]。54]和母亲近期有腹泻史（合计 OR = 3.19，95%CI：1.94-5.25）}；以及 iii) 水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）决定因素[缺乏厕所设施（合计 OR = 1.56，95%CI：1.05-2.33）]、缺乏洗手设施（合计 OR = 4.16，95%CI：2.49-6.95）和未处理饮用水（合计 OR = 2.28，95%CI：1.50-3.46）：在埃塞俄比亚，5 岁以下儿童的腹泻发病率仍然很高，这仍然是一个公共卫生问题。导致急性腹泻病的因素包括儿童、父母和讲卫生运动。继续重视改善讲卫生运动设施的使用，同时加强产妇的个人卫生行为，将加速减轻埃塞俄比亚的腹泻疾病负担。
{"title":"Burden of Childhood Diarrhea and Its Associated Factors in Ethiopia: A Review of Observational Studies","authors":"B. Sahiledengle, D. Atlaw, Lillian Mwanri, Pammla Petrucka, A. Kumie, Yohannes Tekalegn, F. Desta, Demisu Zenbaba, Telila Mesfin, Degefa Gomora, Kingsley Emwinyore Agho","doi":"10.3389/ijph.2024.1606399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1606399","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to: i) determine the pooled prevalence of acute diarrhea; and ii) synthesize and summarize current evidence on factors of acute diarrheal illnesses among under-five children in Ethiopia.Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, HINARI, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Global Index Medicus, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and the Cochrane Library. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The methodological quality of each included article was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality assessment tool for cross-sectional and case-control studies. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of diarrheal illnesses. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using I2 test statistics and Egger’s test, respectively. The statistical analysis was done using STATA™ software version 14.Results: Fifty-three studies covering over 27,458 under-five children who met the inclusion criteria were included. The pooled prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia was found to be 20.8% (95% CI: 18.69–22.84, n = 44, I2 = 94.9%, p < 0.001). Our analysis revealed a higher prevalence of childhood diarrhea in age groups of 12–23 months 25.42% (95%CI: 21.50–29.35, I2 = 89.4%, p < 0.001). In general, the evidence suggests that diarrheal risk factors could include: i) child level determinants (child’s age 0–23 months, not being vaccinated against rotavirus, lack of exclusive breastfeeding, and being an under-nourished child); ii) parental level determinants {mothers poor handwashing practices [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 3.05; 95% CI:2.08–4.54] and a history of maternal recent diarrhea (pooled OR = 3.19, 95%CI: 1.94–5.25)}; and iii) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) determinants [lack of toilet facility (pooled OR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.05–2.33)], lack handwashing facility (pooled OR = 4.16, 95%CI: 2.49–6.95) and not treating drinking water (pooled OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.50–3.46).Conclusion: In Ethiopia, the prevalence of diarrhea among children under the age of five remains high and is still a public health problem. The contributing factors to acute diarrheal illnesses were child, parental, and WASH factors. A continued focus on improving access to WASH facilities, along with enhancing maternal hygiene behavior will accelerate reductions in diarrheal disease burden in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":14322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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