International Journal of Public Health最新文献

Objectives: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃) with mortality, to expand evidence that informed 2021 the WHO Air Quality Guidelines and guide the Health Risks of Air Pollution in Europe project.

Methods: We included cohorts investigating NO₂ and O₃ mortality from all-causes, respiratory diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI); and NO₂ mortality from circulatory, ischemic heart, cerebrovascular diseases and lung cancer. We pooled estimates by random-effects models and investigated heterogeneity. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development approach and Evaluation (GRADE).

Results: We selected 83 studies for NO₂ and 26 for O₃ for the meta-analysis. NO₂ was associated with all outcomes, except for cerebrovascular mortality. O₃ was associated with respiratory mortality following annual exposure. There was high heterogeneity, partly explained by region and pollutant levels. Certainty was high for NO₂ with COPD and ALRI, and annual O₃ with respiratory mortality.

Conclusion: An increasing body of evidence, with new results from countrywide areas and the Western Pacific, supports certainty, including new outcomes.

Objective: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a viral zoonosis reported from Karnataka, India. We investigated cases in the Shivamogga district, Karnataka, to describe the epidemiology and identify risk factors in the affected block in 2022.

Methods: A case was defined as a laboratory-confirmed KFD-positive resident of Shivamogga from 1 January-31 May 2022. We extracted the records of KFD cases from district surveillance. We conducted a 1:3 case-control study in the Thirthahalli block. We enrolled laboratory-confirmed KFD-positive Thirthahalli residents from January to May 2022 as cases, and residents without "fever with myalgia" as controls. We reported adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results: Shivamogga reported 35 cases, with a median age of 46 (4-75) years, of which 51% were men, and one death. Among 25 cases and 90 controls, knowledge of avoiding recent monkey death sites was low (cases = 0%, controls = 11%). Monkey death sites within 500 m [aOR = 8.6 (1.8-41.9)] and household tick exposure [aOR = 3.7 (1.3-10.7)] were independent risk factors.

Conclusion: This was a laboratory-confirmed cluster of KFD cases in Thirthahalli, with residence near a monkey death site and household tick exposure considered significant risk factors. We recommend evaluating monkey carcass disposal procedures and increasing awareness of tick protective measures.

Objectives: Our objective was to assess morbidity trends in Europe and to classify European countries based on population ageing theories: the compression, expansion and dynamic equilibrium of morbidity.

Methods: The proportions of healthy life years were calculated for 31 European countries for the period 2005-2019 based on life expectancy values and healthy life years at age 65 years adopted from the Eurostat database. European countries were classified according to morbidity patterns applying the standard deviation distance from the average of relative change method between the selected years.

Results: A large degree of variation in terms of life expectancy and healthy life years at age 65 years was determined between 2005 and 2019. While the life expectancy differences between men and women were consistent across all the European countries, the gender gap concerning healthy life years was more diverse. Approximately one-third of the countries fell into the expansion, compression and dynamic equilibrium categories, respectively.

Conclusion: Significant variations were identified in healthy life year trends across European countries, which underscores the need for preventive strategies.

Objectives: People living with HIV are aging. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing the requirements for geriatric nursing of older adults living with HIV (OALHIV).

Methods: Convenience sampling was used to conduct a survey on the 295 OALHIV aged over 50 in Luzhou, China.

Results: OALHIV had few needs for living care needs. Most people indicate a requirement for reducing medical costs. Regarding psychological comfort needs, disease privacy and confidentiality were the greatest requirement. Multivariable regression analyses found that social support had a positive influence on the requirements for geriatric nursing.

Conclusion: It is necessary to provide more social support for OALHIV. Most importantly, China should incorporate OALHIV into national pension security plan, integrate various resources and improve social security for them.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607407.].

Objectives: Seasonal influenza vaccination rates among the elderly in the Czech Republic are alarmingly low, making it one of the least vaccinated countries in Europe. This study explored the role of vaccine literacy and insurance coverage on vaccination status.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Summer 2023 using a self-administered questionnaire covering vaccine literacy (functional, interactive, and critical skills), negative perceptions towards influenza vaccination, and the 5C model (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility). Individuals aged 55 and older were included in the study. Mediation analyses assessed the indirect effects of insurance coverage on vaccination status.

Results: Significant differences were noted in vaccination rates based on insurance coverage, chronic diseases, regular medication use, and previous COVID-19 and pneumococcal vaccinations. Vaccine literacy, especially interactive and critical skills, was higher among vaccinated individuals. Confidence and collective responsibility were significant promoters, while complacency and constraints were barriers to vaccination. Mediation analyses indicated that negative perceptions, confidence, and collective responsibility significantly mediated the relationship between insurance coverage and vaccination status.

Conclusion: Enhancing vaccine literacy and addressing psychological antecedents are crucial for improving influenza vaccination rates among the elderly. Policy measures should include improving vaccine literacy, building public confidence, and addressing negative perceptions.

Objective: This review assessed men's involvement and the predictors of their involvement in cervical cancer screening.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, African, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search was limited to articles published between January 2010 and January 2023.

Results: A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for this review. More than 50% of the studies emphasised the relevance of male involvement in cervical cancer prevention in Africa and demonstrated the critical importance of this as a strategy.

Conclusion: The results revealed that a significant proportion of male participants had a restricted comprehension of cervical cancer. Nevertheless, they expressed their willingness to provide backing for cervical cancer screening contingent upon their informed consent.

Objectives: The association between ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and cognitive performance needs to be better characterized in adolescents, especially in low-income settings, where the cost of human capital is high. This study investigated the association between cognitive performance and UPF in adolescents from the countryside of the Brazilian Northeast.

Methods: Adolescents (15-18 years old) from three public high schools were included. Food intake was assessed using three 24-hour dietary recalls. The classification of foods as UPF was determined according to the Nova classification. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Non-Verbal General Intelligence Test.

Results: 116 adolescents were included, of which 50 (43.1%) showed low cognitive performance. The average energy intake was 1973.5 kcal, with 24.2% coming from UPF. Participants with low cognitive performance consumed 26.5% (95% CI: [22.2; 30.7]%) of daily energy intake from UPF compared to 22.5% ([18.8; 26.2]%) of those with medium-high cognitive performance (P = 0.17), without differences in energy and macronutrient intake.

Conclusion: Despite similar UPF consumption compared to the Brazilian average, no association was found between UPF consumption and cognitive performance in this low-income adolescent sample.