International Journal of Public Health最新文献

Objectives: To understand the holistic state of work conditions, health and wellbeing of University of Bern employees through a social-ecological lens.

Methods: A comprehensive assessment included analysis of existing measures, stakeholder mapping, employee survey, expert interviews, a reflection and evaluation instrument, policy analysis, and environmental analysis.

Results: Integrating results revealed that the University provides numerous employee health opportunities such as broad variety and frequency of university sports options, good working climate, ergonomic workplace, well-developed and centrally established communications department, extensive range of Bernese universities independent counselling center services, and some relevant health promotion policies. However, these opportunities are not integrated into a systematic health strategy. Further analyses indicated four fields of action: 1) to anchor health promotion in the university culture and organization; 2) to promote mental health, wellbeing, and stress management; 3) to improve health promotion communication; and 4) to ensure sustainability, to implement continuous process and outcome evaluation of the actions.

Conclusion: This could serve as a blueprint model for universities ensuring a holistic understanding of health and wellbeing, and informing related practical implications and organizational health governance.

Objectives: Serological monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children and adolescents has been crucial for pandemic surveillance and response, while the role of T cell response monitoring remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the potential of T cell response monitoring in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We compared antibody and T cell-mediated immune responses in a subpopulation (n = 109) of children and adolescents from the Ciao Corona cohort study. Participants were followed up over 6 months, from November/December 2021 to June/July 2022, during the Delta and Omicron waves in Switzerland.

Results: Circulating, virus-specific T cell responses in children and adolescents were generally low and heterogeneous. T cell-mediated responses were not consistent with SARS-CoV-2 infection status, with responses detectable in some seronegative individuals and not detectable in a considerable number of seropositive participants.

Conclusion: Circulating, virus-specific T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents from the general population offer limited additional insight. Monitoring humoral immunity is likely a more cost-effective approach and should be the primary focus of immunological surveillance in the general paediatric population.

Objectives: Global warming affects health and puts a strain on the healthcare system. Prediction models can forecast healthcare demand and optimize resource allocation. The aim of this study was to identify heat-related diseases and their influencing factors necessary for the development of such a prediction model.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase and Medline databases. The focus was on reviews of heat-related diseases published within the past 30 years in the German and English languages. A qualitative synthesis of the results was conducted.

Results: The literature search produced a total of 737 results. A total of 15 reviews were included in the synthesis. As a result of the synthesis, a spectrum of heat-related diseases such as electrolyte imbalances, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, respiratory disease, mental health issues, infectious diseases and other diseases were identified. Furthermore, specific climatic and other influencing factors were determined.

Conclusion: The meta-review highlighted a wide range of diseases that can occur in connection with heat, along with their influencing factors. The findings can serve as the basis for developing preventive measures such as a prediction model in order to better forecast the resource load due to acute heat.

Objective: To examine the correlation between two wellbeing components: life satisfaction and mental wellbeing and identify key determinants (sociodemographic, health, behavioural, social).

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from 10,196 adults from the nationally representative Danish National Health Survey 2023. Main outcomes were self-reported life satisfaction measured on a single-item scale from 0-10 and mental wellbeing by the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS). Correlations were examined using Spearman's rho (ρ) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). Linear regression models estimated associations between key determinants and the outcomes.

Results: The two outcomes were strongly correlated, yet remained distinct. Wellbeing scores were similar across sex, age, ethnicity, education, employment, BMI, tobacco, and alcohol use. Scores varied by marital status, financial strain, self-rated health, chronic illness, physical activity, loneliness, stress, anxiety, and depression risk. Associations with pain, sleep quality, social support, and leisure activities were mixed.

Conclusion: Despite a strong correlation discriminant validity was maintained. Wellbeing outcomes should not be treated as interchangeable, as their associations vary across population groups.

Objectives: To quantify the tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer burden attributable to particulate matter pollution in selected countries, and thereby provide evidence for context - specific public health interventions.

Methods: Based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data,we appliedJoinPoint to analyze the temporal trends from 1990-2021 in the burden of PM2.5 - attributable tracheal, bronchial, and lung (TBL) cancer in China, the US, Japan, and South Korea. And we explored the age, period, cohort effects and predicted future trends using the age-period-cohort mode and Bayesian analysis.

Results: Globally, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for TBL cancers due to PM2.5 exposure showed a declining trend with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of-1.2811 from1990 to 2021, projections suggest continued decreases in ASMR in selected countries over the next 29 years, but a global increase is expected.

Conclusion: Studies have demonstrated a global decline in the mortality burden attributed to bronchogenic carcinoma linked to PM2.5. Nevertheless, future projections indicate that the global burden of air pollution-related TBL cancer will rise, effective public health strategies are urgent to develop.

Objectives: This study explored the experiences, challenges, and social dynamics of middle-aged individuals living alone in South Korea, compared with English-speaking individuals. From a public health perspective, this study examined cultural and generational factors influencing wellbeing.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study used topic modeling with natural language processing to analyze YouTube video comments related to single-person households collected from 30 Korean and 88 English-language channels.

Results: Distinct cultural and generational differences emerged. Korean participants, particularly women, frequently expressed concerns about social stigma surrounding marriage and singlehood. English-speaking participants emphasized careers and personal independence. Themes included employment, financial security, travel, and food. Younger Koreans showed interest in leisure activities (mukbang, solo drinking). Older Koreans expressed concerns about economic stability and societal expectations.

Conclusion: Understanding the cultural and generational context of living alone is essential for developing public health strategies addressing social isolation, mental health, and health equity. Digital platforms function as alternative social spaces, offering insights into socially isolated individuals' needs. Public health interventions should consider online engagement to support wellbeing and reduce health disparities in this population.

Objectives: This study analyzes the perceptions of master's nursing and midwifery students regarding ethical and legal dilemmas related to the declaration of brain death.

Methods: An anonymized, self-administered web-based survey was conducted among 269 master's students in nursing and midwifery at Poznan University of Medical Sciences.

Results: The most controversial ethical and legal dilemmas concerned the lack of legal consequences for patients' declarations of will, family objections to organ donation, and sustaining vital functions in pregnant brain-dead patients. While 82.5% accepted the medical definition of brain death, only 53.6% prioritized quality of life over life preservation. Students identified medical knowledge (96.3%) as the most influential factor shaping their attitudes, followed by ethical (66.2%) and religious (45.4%) views. Regression analysis showed that religiosity and age were associated with support for sustaining life functions, while liberal views and a nursing background correlated with greater support for overriding family objections and discontinuing futile therapy.

Conclusion: Education in up-to-date medical knowledge should place greater emphasis on professional ethics, legal frameworks, and real-life bioethical dilemmas to better prepare students for clinical challenges.

Objectives: This paper examines a stakeholder engagement initiative to develop public health recommendations for addressing mental health gaps after the COVID-19 pandemic in southern Switzerland. It explores local healthcare professionals' experiences with the pandemic's impact on mental health and service use.

Methods: We used a stakeholder dialogue methodology based on participatory research. After mapping, we selected participants based on their power and interest on the subject. Data were gathered through two structured dialogues. We conducted thematic content analysis to identify and interpret patterns within dialogues. We used multi-step coding to assign codes to text segments, grouping similar patterns into themes and subthemes while ensuring consistency and exclusivity.

Results: Thirty-two healthcare stakeholders from diverse sectors across urban and rural southern Switzerland participated in the dialogues. They emphasized flexible mental health service restructuring to address evolving patient needs and advocated for stronger prevention and promotion efforts, especially for vulnerable groups.

Conclusion: Engaging local healthcare stakeholders turned up as an effective strategy to derive public health recommendations to improve mental health prevention and promotion along with the access and use of related services.