Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.1142/s0129083520500047
K. Ishii, H. Arai
Soil polluted by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident was collected and reduced in volume. We explored whether clay particles adsorbed radioactive cesium. Soil was sampled in a highly contaminated zone 16 km northwest of the power plant; soil particles 0.15–200 [Formula: see text]m in diameter were obtained by sieving and centrifugation, and specific activity was analyzed using a high-powered Ge detector. Vermiculite contents were quantified by X-ray diffraction. For soil particles[Formula: see text]m in diameter, the specific activity was constant, at about 381 kBq/kg, which is close to the 350 kBq/kg reported previously. For particles 10–200 [Formula: see text]m in diameter, the specific activity decreased by approximately the square root of the surface/entire volume ratio. The vermiculite content was identical for all soil particles [Formula: see text]2.5 [Formula: see text]m in diameter, but decreased in particles 2.5–200 [Formula: see text]m in diameter. Thus, the specific activity and vermiculite content were approximately proportionate. Vermiculite adhered to soil particles [Formula: see text]10 [Formula: see text]m in diameter, and radioactive cesium was uniformly distributed within the vermiculite.
{"title":"Specific activity and vermiculite content of soils of various particle sizes contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident","authors":"K. Ishii, H. Arai","doi":"10.1142/s0129083520500047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083520500047","url":null,"abstract":"Soil polluted by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident was collected and reduced in volume. We explored whether clay particles adsorbed radioactive cesium. Soil was sampled in a highly contaminated zone 16 km northwest of the power plant; soil particles 0.15–200 [Formula: see text]m in diameter were obtained by sieving and centrifugation, and specific activity was analyzed using a high-powered Ge detector. Vermiculite contents were quantified by X-ray diffraction. For soil particles[Formula: see text]m in diameter, the specific activity was constant, at about 381 kBq/kg, which is close to the 350 kBq/kg reported previously. For particles 10–200 [Formula: see text]m in diameter, the specific activity decreased by approximately the square root of the surface/entire volume ratio. The vermiculite content was identical for all soil particles [Formula: see text]2.5 [Formula: see text]m in diameter, but decreased in particles 2.5–200 [Formula: see text]m in diameter. Thus, the specific activity and vermiculite content were approximately proportionate. Vermiculite adhered to soil particles [Formula: see text]10 [Formula: see text]m in diameter, and radioactive cesium was uniformly distributed within the vermiculite.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73703122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-13DOI: 10.1142/s0129083520500023
Harune Shibata, C. Takenaka, S. Murao, K. Sera
After the conclusion of the Minamata Convention on Mercury, the use of mercury (Hg) has been prohibited worldwide, except in some developing countries. The Republic of the Philippines is one of the 128 signatories of the Convention. There are many artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) operations in the Philippines that still use Hg to amalgamate gold. In order to know the direct effect of exposure to Hg on women’s hair, we performed the proton-induced X-ray emission analysis of Hg concentrations in the hair samples collected from women at risk of Hg contamination, in both ASGM and non-ASGM areas in Camarines Norte, Philippines. At the same time of the hair sampling, we also conducted interviews with the women about their lives. From the analysis results, we found that the range of Hg concentrations in the hair samples was at a safe level, with no significant difference between the ASGM and non-ASGM areas. An analysis of the effect of diet on Hg concentrations in the hair samples showed a tendency toward higher Hg concentrations in women who ate more fish. Our results through hair analysis did not show a direct effect of exposure to atmospheric Hg, but further survey of local people should be necessary to reduce the risk of Hg contamination in women even after the use of Hg in ASGM eventually comes to an end.
{"title":"Mercury concentration in hair collected from women in artisanal small-scale gold mining areas in Camarines Norte, Philippines","authors":"Harune Shibata, C. Takenaka, S. Murao, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/s0129083520500023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083520500023","url":null,"abstract":"After the conclusion of the Minamata Convention on Mercury, the use of mercury (Hg) has been prohibited worldwide, except in some developing countries. The Republic of the Philippines is one of the 128 signatories of the Convention. There are many artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) operations in the Philippines that still use Hg to amalgamate gold. In order to know the direct effect of exposure to Hg on women’s hair, we performed the proton-induced X-ray emission analysis of Hg concentrations in the hair samples collected from women at risk of Hg contamination, in both ASGM and non-ASGM areas in Camarines Norte, Philippines. At the same time of the hair sampling, we also conducted interviews with the women about their lives. From the analysis results, we found that the range of Hg concentrations in the hair samples was at a safe level, with no significant difference between the ASGM and non-ASGM areas. An analysis of the effect of diet on Hg concentrations in the hair samples showed a tendency toward higher Hg concentrations in women who ate more fish. Our results through hair analysis did not show a direct effect of exposure to atmospheric Hg, but further survey of local people should be necessary to reduce the risk of Hg contamination in women even after the use of Hg in ASGM eventually comes to an end.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75879894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.1142/s0129083520500035
R. Shimizu, H. Hinata, T. Mori, T. Asakawa, M. Satoh, M. Nogami, K. Hitomi, K. Ishii
Here, we apply 20 MeV particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) to elemental analysis of microplastic samples with a diameter of approximately 2 mm, collected from the seashores of the northeastern area of Honshu in Japan. The samples were in a grain form with unwanted elements adhering to their surfaces. The PIXE measurements were conducted in a helium atmosphere. For normalization, the number of K X-rays of the residual gas argon was used instead of the directly measured beam irradiation, and the number of continuous X-rays in the PIXE spectrum was used instead of the mass of each sample. Thirteen elements were identified on the microplastics, among which were toxic chromium and lead. Thus, PIXE analysis is useful for analyzing microplastic samples.
{"title":"A trial application of particle-induced X-ray emission analysis to microplastic samples collected from the seashore","authors":"R. Shimizu, H. Hinata, T. Mori, T. Asakawa, M. Satoh, M. Nogami, K. Hitomi, K. Ishii","doi":"10.1142/s0129083520500035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083520500035","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we apply 20 MeV particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) to elemental analysis of microplastic samples with a diameter of approximately 2 mm, collected from the seashores of the northeastern area of Honshu in Japan. The samples were in a grain form with unwanted elements adhering to their surfaces. The PIXE measurements were conducted in a helium atmosphere. For normalization, the number of K X-rays of the residual gas argon was used instead of the directly measured beam irradiation, and the number of continuous X-rays in the PIXE spectrum was used instead of the mass of each sample. Thirteen elements were identified on the microplastics, among which were toxic chromium and lead. Thus, PIXE analysis is useful for analyzing microplastic samples.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75309970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.1142/s0129083520500011
K. Saitoh, S. Matsuyama, Yuta Takai, M. Miwa, S. Toyama, Y. Kikuchi, K. Nakazawa, O. Nagafuchi
To achieve the elemental characterization of particles emitted from the aircraft, we performed elemental analysis using micro-PIXE for those emitted from carbon disc brakes and tires in addition to the turbine blade particles and engine reverser particles of the exhaust produced by jet engines, and identified the characteristics of individual particles from the elemental maps. As for the elemental characteristics of aircraft source particles, the turbine blade particles contained 16 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Se, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and W), and were considered to be those of the same origin. In the case of the engine reverser particles, in addition to turbine blade particles and turbine blade wear particles (nickel alloy), atmospheric particles were found. As one hypothesis, particles containing Ti–V, Mn–W and Cu–Zn may have got altered or aggregated in the process of particles moving from the turbine blade to the engine reverser. Clumps of particles were exhibited only in the elemental maps of tire particles. These clumps of particles were shaped like they had been scraped away, and were believed to have been caused by friction between the tire and the runway. These results aid in determining the component features of particles emitted from an aircraft.
{"title":"Elemental composition of particles emitted from aircraft: High-sensitivity elemental analysis by using micro-PIXE","authors":"K. Saitoh, S. Matsuyama, Yuta Takai, M. Miwa, S. Toyama, Y. Kikuchi, K. Nakazawa, O. Nagafuchi","doi":"10.1142/s0129083520500011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083520500011","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve the elemental characterization of particles emitted from the aircraft, we performed elemental analysis using micro-PIXE for those emitted from carbon disc brakes and tires in addition to the turbine blade particles and engine reverser particles of the exhaust produced by jet engines, and identified the characteristics of individual particles from the elemental maps. As for the elemental characteristics of aircraft source particles, the turbine blade particles contained 16 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Se, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and W), and were considered to be those of the same origin. In the case of the engine reverser particles, in addition to turbine blade particles and turbine blade wear particles (nickel alloy), atmospheric particles were found. As one hypothesis, particles containing Ti–V, Mn–W and Cu–Zn may have got altered or aggregated in the process of particles moving from the turbine blade to the engine reverser. Clumps of particles were exhibited only in the elemental maps of tire particles. These clumps of particles were shaped like they had been scraped away, and were believed to have been caused by friction between the tire and the runway. These results aid in determining the component features of particles emitted from an aircraft.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85797047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1142/s0129083520500096
M. Nogami, K. Hitomi, K. Ishii
The Chinese yam is a major component of the Japanese diet consumed in raw and cooked form. It is important to determine the nutrient contents of yam, which contains high potassium levels; a simple measurement method is required. We performed proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of fully grown and immature yams. Analysis of the yam trunk, skin, and hair roots revealed that the skin potassium concentration was 10-fold higher than that of the trunk; consumption of the skin is thus recommended. Longitudinal measurements of mineral concentrations in a growing yam revealed that the concentrations increased in the growth direction.
{"title":"Proton-induced X-ray emission analysis of the Chinese yam","authors":"M. Nogami, K. Hitomi, K. Ishii","doi":"10.1142/s0129083520500096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083520500096","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese yam is a major component of the Japanese diet consumed in raw and cooked form. It is important to determine the nutrient contents of yam, which contains high potassium levels; a simple measurement method is required. We performed proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of fully grown and immature yams. Analysis of the yam trunk, skin, and hair roots revealed that the skin potassium concentration was 10-fold higher than that of the trunk; consumption of the skin is thus recommended. Longitudinal measurements of mineral concentrations in a growing yam revealed that the concentrations increased in the growth direction.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81168842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1142/s0129083520500102
E. Ohkoshi, S. Horimatsu, T. Tada, K. Hitomi, M. Nogami, K. Ishii
We subjected white birch milk to X-ray emission analysis. The mineral levels changed over time. White birch seasonality (sprouting in early spring and fruition in autumn) affected the mineral levels.
{"title":"Proton-induced X-ray emission analysis of white birch milk","authors":"E. Ohkoshi, S. Horimatsu, T. Tada, K. Hitomi, M. Nogami, K. Ishii","doi":"10.1142/s0129083520500102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083520500102","url":null,"abstract":"We subjected white birch milk to X-ray emission analysis. The mineral levels changed over time. White birch seasonality (sprouting in early spring and fruition in autumn) affected the mineral levels.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73388822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.1142/s012908351850016x
N. Hagura, K. Kashimata, K. Mochiki, Y. Oguri
{"title":"PIXE analysis of concrete composition in a research reactor facility under decommissioning","authors":"N. Hagura, K. Kashimata, K. Mochiki, Y. Oguri","doi":"10.1142/s012908351850016x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s012908351850016x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"57 1","pages":"1850016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75306991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.1142/s0129083518500158
S. Harada, T. Segawa, S. Ehara, Takahiro Sato
{"title":"Treatment of primary and metastatic tumors through cancer immunotherapy and abscopal effect by targeted antigen-capturing nanoparticles with programmed death-1 blockade","authors":"S. Harada, T. Segawa, S. Ehara, Takahiro Sato","doi":"10.1142/s0129083518500158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083518500158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"126 1","pages":"1850015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87627000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.1142/s0129083518500201
K. Sera, S. Goto, T. Hosokawa, Y. Saitoh, R. Kumagai, K. Yamazaki, K. Yamaya
We investigated the relationships between the element concentrations in blood and hair to clarify the sex-specific differences in elemental movement from blood to hair, as we confirmed the presence of large sex-specific differences in the concentrations of certain elements in hair in our previous study. First, we compared the elemental concentrations in serum/plasma taken from healthy people (n = 148 females, 142 males) and found that there were significant differences (up to 20%) between females and males in levels of phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, bromine, and lead. We then examined the sex-specific differences in the elemental transfer factors from blood to hair by analyzing plasma and hair samples that had been simultaneously collected from the same people (20 females, 21 males). Calcium and selenium showed significant differences in transfer factors from plasma to hair. Particularly large sex-specific differences in the calcium concentration were explained by the difference in the transfer factors from blood to hair. We also examined the sex-specific differences among teenaged subjects alone (n = 47 females, 9 males; average age was approximately 17 years old) and noted no significant difference in the transfer factors between sexes. Taken together, these findings indicate that the transfer factors themselves are influenced by the excretion of sex hormones. NMCC ANNUAL REPORT 23 (2016)
{"title":"Sex-specific differences in elemental movement from blood to hair","authors":"K. Sera, S. Goto, T. Hosokawa, Y. Saitoh, R. Kumagai, K. Yamazaki, K. Yamaya","doi":"10.1142/s0129083518500201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083518500201","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the relationships between the element concentrations in blood and hair to clarify the sex-specific differences in elemental movement from blood to hair, as we confirmed the presence of large sex-specific differences in the concentrations of certain elements in hair in our previous study. First, we compared the elemental concentrations in serum/plasma taken from healthy people (n = 148 females, 142 males) and found that there were significant differences (up to 20%) between females and males in levels of phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, bromine, and lead. We then examined the sex-specific differences in the elemental transfer factors from blood to hair by analyzing plasma and hair samples that had been simultaneously collected from the same people (20 females, 21 males). Calcium and selenium showed significant differences in transfer factors from plasma to hair. Particularly large sex-specific differences in the calcium concentration were explained by the difference in the transfer factors from blood to hair. We also examined the sex-specific differences among teenaged subjects alone (n = 47 females, 9 males; average age was approximately 17 years old) and noted no significant difference in the transfer factors between sexes. Taken together, these findings indicate that the transfer factors themselves are influenced by the excretion of sex hormones. NMCC ANNUAL REPORT 23 (2016)","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"10 1","pages":"1850020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75568490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1142/s0129083520500059
A. Terakawa, K. Momokita, Y. Hattori, M. Sato, K. Ishii, M. Koka, N. Yamada, R. Yamagata, Y. Ishii, N. Suzui, T. Satoh, N. Kawachi
We evaluated the spatial distributions of cesium and strontium in tea leaves using micro particle-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) analysis to explore the characteristics of the concentrations and translocations of these elements in tea leaves, and the similarities and differences between cesium and potassium and between strontium and calcium. We examined samples of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze] leaves that took up cesium and strontium via foliar absorption. We confirmed that calcium and strontium accumulated in many narrow areas of the leaves, while cesium and potassium were distributed throughout the leaf samples. Almost all of the strontium and calcium accumulated in the same narrow locations in the leaf samples 30 days after foliar absorption.
{"title":"Spatial distributions of cesium and strontium in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze] leaves evaluated by micro-PIXE analysis","authors":"A. Terakawa, K. Momokita, Y. Hattori, M. Sato, K. Ishii, M. Koka, N. Yamada, R. Yamagata, Y. Ishii, N. Suzui, T. Satoh, N. Kawachi","doi":"10.1142/s0129083520500059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083520500059","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the spatial distributions of cesium and strontium in tea leaves using micro particle-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) analysis to explore the characteristics of the concentrations and translocations of these elements in tea leaves, and the similarities and differences between cesium and potassium and between strontium and calcium. We examined samples of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze] leaves that took up cesium and strontium via foliar absorption. We confirmed that calcium and strontium accumulated in many narrow areas of the leaves, while cesium and potassium were distributed throughout the leaf samples. Almost all of the strontium and calcium accumulated in the same narrow locations in the leaf samples 30 days after foliar absorption.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"473 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84177037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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