Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083519500104
S. Harada, Takahiro Sato
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the particles releasing chitosan upon exposure to radiation on inhibition of metastasis. A 10 mL solution of water containing 0.2% weight/volume alginate, 0.1% hyaluronic acid, and 100-mg chitosan was sprayed into the vibrating solution through a stainless mesh filter (pore size: 0.8 [Formula: see text]m) using an ultrasound disintegrator, thereby generating chitosan particles. Further, [Formula: see text] particles floating in 0.1 mL normal saline were subcutaneously injected around the 4TI cells-derived tumor in the left hind legs of six-week-old male C3He/N mice. Six hours after injection, tumors were exposed to 10 Gy or 20 Gy of 100-keV soft X-ray radiation. The release of chitosan was expressed as the frequency of ruptured chitosan particles 12 h after radiation. The antimetastatic effect was confirmed by a reduction in the number of metastatic pulmonary nodules 21 days after completion of treatment. More than [Formula: see text]% of the chitosan particles released chitosan in response to radiation. The particles releasing chitosan had a prolonged antimetastatic effect when compared with the particles not releasing chitosan, thereby resulting in a significantly greater antimetastatic effect lasting for four weeks since the completion of treatment, in tumors treated with both 10 Gy and 20 Gy of radiation. Hence, particlizing chitosan could be useful in reducing metastasis in irradiated tumors.
{"title":"Inhibition of metastasis using particles that release chitosan upon radiation: A preliminary study","authors":"S. Harada, Takahiro Sato","doi":"10.1142/S0129083519500104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083519500104","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effect of the particles releasing chitosan upon exposure to radiation on inhibition of metastasis. A 10 mL solution of water containing 0.2% weight/volume alginate, 0.1% hyaluronic acid, and 100-mg chitosan was sprayed into the vibrating solution through a stainless mesh filter (pore size: 0.8 [Formula: see text]m) using an ultrasound disintegrator, thereby generating chitosan particles. Further, [Formula: see text] particles floating in 0.1 mL normal saline were subcutaneously injected around the 4TI cells-derived tumor in the left hind legs of six-week-old male C3He/N mice. Six hours after injection, tumors were exposed to 10 Gy or 20 Gy of 100-keV soft X-ray radiation. The release of chitosan was expressed as the frequency of ruptured chitosan particles 12 h after radiation. The antimetastatic effect was confirmed by a reduction in the number of metastatic pulmonary nodules 21 days after completion of treatment. More than [Formula: see text]% of the chitosan particles released chitosan in response to radiation. The particles releasing chitosan had a prolonged antimetastatic effect when compared with the particles not releasing chitosan, thereby resulting in a significantly greater antimetastatic effect lasting for four weeks since the completion of treatment, in tumors treated with both 10 Gy and 20 Gy of radiation. Hence, particlizing chitosan could be useful in reducing metastasis in irradiated tumors.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83472112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083519500165
K. Saitoh, A. Fushimi, N. Takegawa, K. Sera
To characterize the chemical composition of aircraft exhaust particles, we developed a treatment method of jet fuel for an elemental analysis by an in-vacuum PIXE system. Eleven elements (Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) were identified from each sample. The concentrations of S from five JET A-1 fuel samples collected on different days ranged from 30.4 to 440 wt.-ppm. The concentration level of S agreed well with the measurement results obtained by an in-air PIXE analysis, which we have previously performed to determine the major content elements and their concentration levels. Nine elements out of the identified 11 elements (Si, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb), which were not detected by the in-air PIXE analysis, were detected in all the JET A-1 fuel samples measured. Among these elements, Si, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were found to be the major components. It is suggested that particles emitted from aircraft jet engines, which are generally in the size range smaller than 100 nm (ultrafine particles: UFPs), may contain Si, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. These findings provide useful insights into the source apportionment of UFPs in and around airports.
{"title":"Quantification of major and trace elements contained in aircraft JET A-1 fuel by in-vacuum PIXE analysis","authors":"K. Saitoh, A. Fushimi, N. Takegawa, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/S0129083519500165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083519500165","url":null,"abstract":"To characterize the chemical composition of aircraft exhaust particles, we developed a treatment method of jet fuel for an elemental analysis by an in-vacuum PIXE system. Eleven elements (Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) were identified from each sample. The concentrations of S from five JET A-1 fuel samples collected on different days ranged from 30.4 to 440 wt.-ppm. The concentration level of S agreed well with the measurement results obtained by an in-air PIXE analysis, which we have previously performed to determine the major content elements and their concentration levels. Nine elements out of the identified 11 elements (Si, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb), which were not detected by the in-air PIXE analysis, were detected in all the JET A-1 fuel samples measured. Among these elements, Si, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were found to be the major components. It is suggested that particles emitted from aircraft jet engines, which are generally in the size range smaller than 100 nm (ultrafine particles: UFPs), may contain Si, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. These findings provide useful insights into the source apportionment of UFPs in and around airports.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77266455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1142/s0129083519500207
K. Sera, S. Goto, T. Hosokawa, Y. Saitoh
A total of 4269 beard samples were collected from the same person every day over a 12-year period and analyzed by PIXE using a standard-free method. It was found that the concentrations of copper and zinc showed certain short-term changes but did not show a noticeable long-term trend over the study period, with only iron showing a slightly decreasing tendency with age. All of these elements showed clear yearly variations with a cycle of a few years possibly due to periodic metabolic changes in the subject’s body or long-term changes in eating habits. In contrast, however, selenium showed clear seasonal variations. Its concentration significantly increased in the summer and decreased in the winter, just as was observed with arsenic and mercury. This suggests that most of the subject’s selenium intake was from marine products, whose supply and consumption were increased in the summer. These findings confirmed that beard analyses are useful not only for evaluating essential-element intake but also for estimating the relationship between the body-element concentrations and ingestion of certain foods.
{"title":"Long-term and season-specific changes in the body concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, and selenium by means of quantitative analyses of beard samples collected every day — A case study","authors":"K. Sera, S. Goto, T. Hosokawa, Y. Saitoh","doi":"10.1142/s0129083519500207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083519500207","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 4269 beard samples were collected from the same person every day over a 12-year period and analyzed by PIXE using a standard-free method. It was found that the concentrations of copper and zinc showed certain short-term changes but did not show a noticeable long-term trend over the study period, with only iron showing a slightly decreasing tendency with age. All of these elements showed clear yearly variations with a cycle of a few years possibly due to periodic metabolic changes in the subject’s body or long-term changes in eating habits. In contrast, however, selenium showed clear seasonal variations. Its concentration significantly increased in the summer and decreased in the winter, just as was observed with arsenic and mercury. This suggests that most of the subject’s selenium intake was from marine products, whose supply and consumption were increased in the summer. These findings confirmed that beard analyses are useful not only for evaluating essential-element intake but also for estimating the relationship between the body-element concentrations and ingestion of certain foods.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78412446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1142/s0129083519500116
K. Okuyama, Y. Tamaki, Y. Matsuda, T. Saito, H. Yamamoto, K. Naito, M. Hayashi, K. Suzuki
Tooth-bound (KOH-insoluble) fluoride prevents caries via long retention within the tooth structure. Tooth-bound fluoride in the enamel was investigated after applying various fluoride-containing tooth-coating materials using an in-air micro [Formula: see text] PIXE/PIGE system. Three different fluoride-containing or a non-fluoride containing coating materials were applied to the coronal enamel surface of 24 extracted human molars. The samples were stored in water for 1 or 7 days and then sectioned into two slices. One slice was immersed in 1M KOH solution for 24 h for KOH-insoluble fluoride (KOH(T)) analysis. The second slice was not subjected to KOH treatment and was used to analyze the whole fluoride (KOH-soluble plus insoluble fluoride: KOH(U)). Fluorine and calcium distribution were measured in all the slices with [Formula: see text]PIXE/PIGE. KOH(U) was higher than KOH(T) on some materials, especially those that released more fluoride. For KOH(T), there was no significant difference among all fluoride-containing materials in the 7-day group. However, there were significant differences in the KOH(U) samples during the same period. PIXE/PIGE analysis confirmed the presence of tooth-bound fluoride in the enamel adjacent to the fluoride-containing coating materials. The amount of tooth-bound fluoride depended on the type of material.
{"title":"Analysis of tooth-bound fluoride after the application of coating materials on the enamel surface with an in-air micro PIXE/PIGE","authors":"K. Okuyama, Y. Tamaki, Y. Matsuda, T. Saito, H. Yamamoto, K. Naito, M. Hayashi, K. Suzuki","doi":"10.1142/s0129083519500116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083519500116","url":null,"abstract":"Tooth-bound (KOH-insoluble) fluoride prevents caries via long retention within the tooth structure. Tooth-bound fluoride in the enamel was investigated after applying various fluoride-containing tooth-coating materials using an in-air micro [Formula: see text] PIXE/PIGE system. Three different fluoride-containing or a non-fluoride containing coating materials were applied to the coronal enamel surface of 24 extracted human molars. The samples were stored in water for 1 or 7 days and then sectioned into two slices. One slice was immersed in 1M KOH solution for 24 h for KOH-insoluble fluoride (KOH(T)) analysis. The second slice was not subjected to KOH treatment and was used to analyze the whole fluoride (KOH-soluble plus insoluble fluoride: KOH(U)). Fluorine and calcium distribution were measured in all the slices with [Formula: see text]PIXE/PIGE. KOH(U) was higher than KOH(T) on some materials, especially those that released more fluoride. For KOH(T), there was no significant difference among all fluoride-containing materials in the 7-day group. However, there were significant differences in the KOH(U) samples during the same period. PIXE/PIGE analysis confirmed the presence of tooth-bound fluoride in the enamel adjacent to the fluoride-containing coating materials. The amount of tooth-bound fluoride depended on the type of material.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"280 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86270081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1142/s0129083519500219
K. Ishii, A. Terakawa, K. Hitomi, M. Nogami
We developed a 20[Formula: see text]MeV particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis method using a medical cyclotron, which is conventionally used for positron emission tomography analysis performed in vacuo, during which the target sample is damaged. For non-destructive analysis and ease of switching between target samples, we developed a technique allowing 20[Formula: see text]MeV proton PIXE analysis to be performed at the atmospheric pressure. We filled the PIXE analysis chamber with helium and checked that the continuous background of the Compton tails of nuclear reaction [Formula: see text]-rays increased only minimally, and that the quasi-free electron bremsstrahlung (QFEB) did not increase at all, in the X-ray energy spectrum.
{"title":"Development of a 20MeV proton particle-induced X-ray emission analysis method in a helium atmosphere","authors":"K. Ishii, A. Terakawa, K. Hitomi, M. Nogami","doi":"10.1142/s0129083519500219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083519500219","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a 20[Formula: see text]MeV particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis method using a medical cyclotron, which is conventionally used for positron emission tomography analysis performed in vacuo, during which the target sample is damaged. For non-destructive analysis and ease of switching between target samples, we developed a technique allowing 20[Formula: see text]MeV proton PIXE analysis to be performed at the atmospheric pressure. We filled the PIXE analysis chamber with helium and checked that the continuous background of the Compton tails of nuclear reaction [Formula: see text]-rays increased only minimally, and that the quasi-free electron bremsstrahlung (QFEB) did not increase at all, in the X-ray energy spectrum.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86123273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S012908351950013X
Y. Oguri, J. Hasegawa, H. Fukuda, N. Hagura
Analysis of cultural heritage samples by PIXE involves the risk of damaging precious samples due to MeV-proton irradiation. To investigate appropriate methods to detect invisible damage due to PIXE analysis, we analyzed the change in chemical bonding of the sample surface subjected to PIXE and RBS measurement by Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FT-IR). We used Japanese hemp paper as a simulated cultural property sample. The proton irradiation for the PIXE/RBS measurement was performed in a vacuum with an incident beam energy of 2.5 MeV, a beam current of 1 nA, and an irradiation time up to 10 min. The corresponding beam flux and fluence were 0.06 nA/mm2 and 4 [Formula: see text]Coulomb/cm2, respectively. When the irradiation time was 10 min, the absorbed dose was 480 kGy on the sample surface. We identified neither change of elemental composition nor visible change such as discoloration due to irradiation. However, we found changes in peak heights in the measured FT-IR spectra, which suggest the destruction of chemical bonds such as O–H and C–O due to proton-induced radiation damage.
{"title":"FT-IR measurement on the damage of Japanese paper induced by PIXE analysis","authors":"Y. Oguri, J. Hasegawa, H. Fukuda, N. Hagura","doi":"10.1142/S012908351950013X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S012908351950013X","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of cultural heritage samples by PIXE involves the risk of damaging precious samples due to MeV-proton irradiation. To investigate appropriate methods to detect invisible damage due to PIXE analysis, we analyzed the change in chemical bonding of the sample surface subjected to PIXE and RBS measurement by Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FT-IR). We used Japanese hemp paper as a simulated cultural property sample. The proton irradiation for the PIXE/RBS measurement was performed in a vacuum with an incident beam energy of 2.5 MeV, a beam current of 1 nA, and an irradiation time up to 10 min. The corresponding beam flux and fluence were 0.06 nA/mm2 and 4 [Formula: see text]Coulomb/cm2, respectively. When the irradiation time was 10 min, the absorbed dose was 480 kGy on the sample surface. We identified neither change of elemental composition nor visible change such as discoloration due to irradiation. However, we found changes in peak heights in the measured FT-IR spectra, which suggest the destruction of chemical bonds such as O–H and C–O due to proton-induced radiation damage.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87340950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1142/s0129083519500013
A. Takeuchi
The present paper discusses the simulation results, performed by classical molecular dynamics (MD), for vermiculite. The kinetic process of the Cs+ ions in water that are adsorbed into vermiculite ...
本文讨论了经典分子动力学(MD)对蛭石的模拟结果。研究了水中Cs+离子吸附到蛭石上的动力学过程。
{"title":"Adsorption behavior of Cs+ ions to vermiculite demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"A. Takeuchi","doi":"10.1142/s0129083519500013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083519500013","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper discusses the simulation results, performed by classical molecular dynamics (MD), for vermiculite. The kinetic process of the Cs+ ions in water that are adsorbed into vermiculite ...","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"85 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72705447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1142/s0129083519500025
B. Constantinescu, D. Cristea-Stan, I. Kovács, Z. Szökefalvi-nagy, I. Poll
We analyzed the compositions of mineral pigments for some ceramics and glass items excavated from the commercial settlements on Danube at the border between Ottoman Empire (Dobruja) and Romanian Pr...
{"title":"Mineral pigment studies on ancient ceramics and glass artifacts from commercial settlements on Danube border between Muntenia and Dobruja","authors":"B. Constantinescu, D. Cristea-Stan, I. Kovács, Z. Szökefalvi-nagy, I. Poll","doi":"10.1142/s0129083519500025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083519500025","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed the compositions of mineral pigments for some ceramics and glass items excavated from the commercial settlements on Danube at the border between Ottoman Empire (Dobruja) and Romanian Pr...","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"19 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87598960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1142/s0129083519500049
K. Ishii, H. Arai, Tohru Ohnuma, A. Takeuchi
An accident in March 2011 released small amounts of radioactive strontium isotopes (90Sr) along with large amounts of radioactive caesium isotopes (137Cs). 90Sr isotopes accumulate in bone and are ...
{"title":"Analysis of strontium in soil and plant samples contaminated during the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident","authors":"K. Ishii, H. Arai, Tohru Ohnuma, A. Takeuchi","doi":"10.1142/s0129083519500049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083519500049","url":null,"abstract":"An accident in March 2011 released small amounts of radioactive strontium isotopes (90Sr) along with large amounts of radioactive caesium isotopes (137Cs). 90Sr isotopes accumulate in bone and are ...","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"6 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80534393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1142/s0129083519500074
R. Debastiani, I. Almansa, L. A. Boufleur, T. M. Ferrari, C. T. Souza, D. Bauer, L. Amaral, J. Dias
Nine gold-plated costume jewelries bought in the street market of Porto Alegre and from Chinese websites were investigated through Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Rutherford Backscatteri...
{"title":"Elemental characterization of gold-plated costume jewelry using particle-induced X-ray emission","authors":"R. Debastiani, I. Almansa, L. A. Boufleur, T. M. Ferrari, C. T. Souza, D. Bauer, L. Amaral, J. Dias","doi":"10.1142/s0129083519500074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129083519500074","url":null,"abstract":"Nine gold-plated costume jewelries bought in the street market of Porto Alegre and from Chinese websites were investigated through Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Rutherford Backscatteri...","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"10 1","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89074767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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