Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500199
K. Yasuda
A microbeam system at the Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center is presented. A magnetic quadrupole doublet is used for the focusing of ion beams from a 5 MV tandem accelerator. Micro-PIXE and micro-PIGE measurements both in the vacuum and air are applicable with this system. Examples of the measurements for tooth and tea leaves are also presented.
{"title":"Microbeam system at the Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center","authors":"K. Yasuda","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500199","url":null,"abstract":"A microbeam system at the Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center is presented. A magnetic quadrupole doublet is used for the focusing of ion beams from a 5 MV tandem accelerator. Micro-PIXE and micro-PIGE measurements both in the vacuum and air are applicable with this system. Examples of the measurements for tooth and tea leaves are also presented.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"3 1","pages":"227-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81513316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500023
K. Saitoh, A. Fushimi, Y. Fujitani, K. Tanabe, Kei Sato, A. Takami, K. Sera
In order to evaluate the quantitative values of atmospheric aerosol samples collected on filters, we investigated the effects of filter collection conditions (non-uniformity of collected particles) on analytical values and compared the quantitative values by means of PIXE and ICP-MS, using as the analytical sample PM2.5 collected on filters in a monitoring survey of atmospheric fine aerosol over the Kanto area of Japan in summer 2013. The results were as follows: (i) With respect to the uniformity of filter collection, differences in concentrations were seen for S and Cl as well as elements thought to originate in soil (Al, Si, Ti and Fe) depending on the analysis point, suggesting that collection of sulfate particles, chloride particles, and soil particles on filters was not uniform. (ii) According to a comparison of quantitative values yielded by PIXE and ICP-MS, ICP-MS values were lower than PIXE values for Mg, Al, Si, Ti and Fe, with Mg and Si being markedly lower. On the other hand, ICP-MS values were higher than PIXE values for Na, K, Ca and Zn. (iii) According to the results of measurement of NIST reference material and PM2.5 samples by means of PIXE and ICP-MS, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe and Zn showed the same tendency. However, Na and K were opposite.
{"title":"Evaluation of elemental quantitative values of atmospheric aerosol samples by PIXE method","authors":"K. Saitoh, A. Fushimi, Y. Fujitani, K. Tanabe, Kei Sato, A. Takami, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500023","url":null,"abstract":"In order to evaluate the quantitative values of atmospheric aerosol samples collected on filters, we investigated the effects of filter collection conditions (non-uniformity of collected particles) on analytical values and compared the quantitative values by means of PIXE and ICP-MS, using as the analytical sample PM2.5 collected on filters in a monitoring survey of atmospheric fine aerosol over the Kanto area of Japan in summer 2013. The results were as follows: (i) With respect to the uniformity of filter collection, differences in concentrations were seen for S and Cl as well as elements thought to originate in soil (Al, Si, Ti and Fe) depending on the analysis point, suggesting that collection of sulfate particles, chloride particles, and soil particles on filters was not uniform. (ii) According to a comparison of quantitative values yielded by PIXE and ICP-MS, ICP-MS values were lower than PIXE values for Mg, Al, Si, Ti and Fe, with Mg and Si being markedly lower. On the other hand, ICP-MS values were higher than PIXE values for Na, K, Ca and Zn. (iii) According to the results of measurement of NIST reference material and PM2.5 samples by means of PIXE and ICP-MS, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe and Zn showed the same tendency. However, Na and K were opposite.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"17 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74011342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500175
K. Ishii
Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is a phenomenon of atomic inner shell ionization and characteristic X-ray emission due to ion-atomic collisions. The intensity of continuous X-rays in the PIXE energy spectrum is much lower than that of characteristic X-rays. Therefore, PIXE can be used as a semi-monochromatic X-ray source. Furthermore, PIXE produced by a heavily charged particle beam with a diameter of several micrometers (micro-PIXE) can be used as a monochromatic X-ray point source for Xray computed tomography (CT) to investigate internal structures of objects <1 mm. We developed micron X-ray CT based on micro-PIXE with a spatial resolution of about 4 μm. Because the photoelectric effect cross-section is proportional to the fifth power of the atomic number, the distributions of small amounts of heavy elements can be investigated using this CT technique, and the element can be identified using its absorption edge. We applied this CT to observe the internal structure of hair, a head of an ant, and Drosophila. We were able to identify the medulla configuration and cortex of the hair, and the mandibular glands, pharynx, and brain in the ant head. We confirmed a high Mn concentration in the mandibular glands. We used a contrast agent to visualize the internal organs of Drosophila. Furthermore, we applied this CT to research clay particles contaminated by the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident and confirmed that cesium atoms were distributed on the surfaces of clay particles.
{"title":"Micron X-ray computed tomography based on micro-particle-induced X-ray emission","authors":"K. Ishii","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500175","url":null,"abstract":"Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is a phenomenon of atomic inner shell ionization and characteristic X-ray emission due to ion-atomic collisions. The intensity of continuous X-rays in the PIXE energy spectrum is much lower than that of characteristic X-rays. Therefore, PIXE can be used as a semi-monochromatic X-ray source. Furthermore, PIXE produced by a heavily charged particle beam with a diameter of several micrometers (micro-PIXE) can be used as a monochromatic X-ray point source for Xray computed tomography (CT) to investigate internal structures of objects <1 mm. We developed micron X-ray CT based on micro-PIXE with a spatial resolution of about 4 μm. Because the photoelectric effect cross-section is proportional to the fifth power of the atomic number, the distributions of small amounts of heavy elements can be investigated using this CT technique, and the element can be identified using its absorption edge. We applied this CT to observe the internal structure of hair, a head of an ant, and Drosophila. We were able to identify the medulla configuration and cortex of the hair, and the mandibular glands, pharynx, and brain in the ant head. We confirmed a high Mn concentration in the mandibular glands. We used a contrast agent to visualize the internal organs of Drosophila. Furthermore, we applied this CT to research clay particles contaminated by the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident and confirmed that cesium atoms were distributed on the surfaces of clay particles.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"12 1","pages":"187-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87787030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500072
T. Nagamine, T. Kasamatsu, K. Murakami, M. Kohka, T. Satoh, Takahiro Tomihiro, S. Goto, K. Sera
The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between elemental changes in erythrocytes and hepatogenous anemia. Five chronic hepatitis C, five liver cirrhosis (HCV positive) and three healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Using in-air micro-PIXE, we determined that K rods formed small nodule and Cl rods distributed diffusely in all over erythrocytes, resulting in disappearance of the donut-like pattern of erythrocytes. These findings may reect the alternation of ery- throcyte membrane structures. Fe dots were divided into two to four compartments in erythrocytes of control group, and the similar distribution of Fe rods was shown in those of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Na concentrations analyzed by in-vacuum PIXE were significantly higher in liver cirrhosis than in chronic hepatitis and control, possibly because of the disturbance of Na–K pump. Present study suggests that the alternation of erythrocyte membrane and Na–K pump failure may participate in hepatogenous anemia accompanied with liver cirrhosis.
{"title":"Elemental analysis of erythrocytes in patients with chronic liver diseases positive for hepatitis C virus","authors":"T. Nagamine, T. Kasamatsu, K. Murakami, M. Kohka, T. Satoh, Takahiro Tomihiro, S. Goto, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500072","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between elemental changes in erythrocytes and hepatogenous anemia. Five chronic hepatitis C, five liver cirrhosis (HCV positive) and three healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Using in-air micro-PIXE, we determined that K rods formed small nodule and Cl rods distributed diffusely in all over erythrocytes, resulting in disappearance of the donut-like pattern of erythrocytes. These findings may reect the alternation of ery- throcyte membrane structures. Fe dots were divided into two to four compartments in erythrocytes of control group, and the similar distribution of Fe rods was shown in those of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Na concentrations analyzed by in-vacuum PIXE were significantly higher in liver cirrhosis than in chronic hepatitis and control, possibly because of the disturbance of Na–K pump. Present study suggests that the alternation of erythrocyte membrane and Na–K pump failure may participate in hepatogenous anemia accompanied with liver cirrhosis.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"2 1","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76180946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500060
S. Harada, S. Ehara, K. Ishii, Takahiro Sato, M. Koka, T. Kamiya, K. Sera, S. Goto
We aimed to image and treat the lung metastases of MM48 breast cancer cells in C3He/N mice by using microcapsules that release liposome-protamine-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (LPH-NP) in response to two radiation sessions. In session one, computed tomography (CT)-detectable microcapsules containing P-selectin and 5% iopamiron were mixed with a 1 mL solution of 4% alginate, 3% hyaluronate, 1 mg ascorbate, and 1 μg/mL P-selectin. This was sprayed into 0.5 mmol/L FeCl2 containing 1 μg/mL VEGFR-1/2 antibodies (Abs). The mice were intravenously injected with microcapsules, which released the P-selectin, and then a CT study was performed to detect lung metastases. After the CT evaluation, the mice received 10 or 20 Gy (140 keV) of X-ray radiation to the lungs. In session two, carboplatin-LPH-NP was released into the tumor, which was treated with another dose of radiation. To do this, carboplatin LPH-NP was mixed with the cocktail used in session one and sprayed into 0.5 mmol/L FeCl2 containing 1 μg/mL anti-P-selectin Abs. Microcapsules (1 × 1010) were injected intravenously and then interacted with the P-selectin. The released carboplatin LPH-NP attacked lung metastases synergistically with radiation, which resulted in further reduction of the lung metastases.
{"title":"Imaging of lung metastases using CT-detectable microcapsules and their radiotherapeutic treatment using targeted carboplatin nanoparticles","authors":"S. Harada, S. Ehara, K. Ishii, Takahiro Sato, M. Koka, T. Kamiya, K. Sera, S. Goto","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500060","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to image and treat the lung metastases of MM48 breast cancer cells in C3He/N mice by using microcapsules that release liposome-protamine-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (LPH-NP) in response to two radiation sessions. In session one, computed tomography (CT)-detectable microcapsules containing P-selectin and 5% iopamiron were mixed with a 1 mL solution of 4% alginate, 3% hyaluronate, 1 mg ascorbate, and 1 μg/mL P-selectin. This was sprayed into 0.5 mmol/L FeCl2 containing 1 μg/mL VEGFR-1/2 antibodies (Abs). The mice were intravenously injected with microcapsules, which released the P-selectin, and then a CT study was performed to detect lung metastases. After the CT evaluation, the mice received 10 or 20 Gy (140 keV) of X-ray radiation to the lungs. In session two, carboplatin-LPH-NP was released into the tumor, which was treated with another dose of radiation. To do this, carboplatin LPH-NP was mixed with the cocktail used in session one and sprayed into 0.5 mmol/L FeCl2 containing 1 μg/mL anti-P-selectin Abs. Microcapsules (1 × 1010) were injected intravenously and then interacted with the P-selectin. The released carboplatin LPH-NP attacked lung metastases synergistically with radiation, which resulted in further reduction of the lung metastases.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"10 1","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87190943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500047
J. Noda, Reika Hakamada, Kazuyki Suzuki, T. Miura, K. Sera
This investigation focuses on the arsenic contamination problems in tube well groundwater systems and the different forms of arsenic and other toxic elements accumulated in human hair samples taken in a rural area of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. The local residents at the study site depend on groundwater as their major source of household water. The oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and pH of groundwater samples were measured directly after the sampling of groundwater. Arsenic concentrations were measured directly in water samples by a colorimetric arsenic analysis kit after the water was pumped from a tube well and/or at a nearby laboratory. Human hair samples from the residents of the villages in the study site were analyzed by PIXE to measure a wide range of elements. An atomic absorption spectrometer was also used to measure arsenic concentrations. The results indicated that the concentrations of arsenic in groundwater and human hair were significantly higher in the village of Bada Kanjasa than in the villages of Kanua and Chota Kanjasa (P< 0.05), clearly indicating that the higher arsenic concentration in groundwater reflected the accumulation of arsenic in human hair in the residents of Bada Kanjasa. The PIXE analysis also revealed an unusually high concentration of lead in human hair samples from Chota Kanjasa. Although the actual health effects and the detailed exposure mechanisms remain to be investigated, lead pollution is suspected to be the source of the exposure.
{"title":"Environmental contamination by arsenic and lead in some rural villages in India","authors":"J. Noda, Reika Hakamada, Kazuyki Suzuki, T. Miura, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500047","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation focuses on the arsenic contamination problems in tube well groundwater systems and the different forms of arsenic and other toxic elements accumulated in human hair samples taken in a rural area of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. The local residents at the study site depend on groundwater as their major source of household water. The oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and pH of groundwater samples were measured directly after the sampling of groundwater. Arsenic concentrations were measured directly in water samples by a colorimetric arsenic analysis kit after the water was pumped from a tube well and/or at a nearby laboratory. Human hair samples from the residents of the villages in the study site were analyzed by PIXE to measure a wide range of elements. An atomic absorption spectrometer was also used to measure arsenic concentrations. The results indicated that the concentrations of arsenic in groundwater and human hair were significantly higher in the village of Bada Kanjasa than in the villages of Kanua and Chota Kanjasa (P< 0.05), clearly indicating that the higher arsenic concentration in groundwater reflected the accumulation of arsenic in human hair in the residents of Bada Kanjasa. The PIXE analysis also revealed an unusually high concentration of lead in human hair samples from Chota Kanjasa. Although the actual health effects and the detailed exposure mechanisms remain to be investigated, lead pollution is suspected to be the source of the exposure.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"1 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89733395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500102
Y. Hu, K. Kondo, K. Ploykrachang, Y. Oguri, H. Fukuda
A syringe needle-type proton-induced monochromatic X-ray source was proposed to solve the issue that could occur in practical brachytherapy, such as loss of seed sources and radiation exposure to surgical staff. This paper discusses comparison between experimental results and a Monte Carlo numerical simulation of the dose distribution around the needle. Some simulation results for different source designs are presented as a first step of the design optimization.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of dose distribution around a syringe needle-type proton-induced X-ray source for radiotherapy","authors":"Y. Hu, K. Kondo, K. Ploykrachang, Y. Oguri, H. Fukuda","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500102","url":null,"abstract":"A syringe needle-type proton-induced monochromatic X-ray source was proposed to solve the issue that could occur in practical brachytherapy, such as loss of seed sources and radiation exposure to surgical staff. This paper discusses comparison between experimental results and a Monte Carlo numerical simulation of the dose distribution around the needle. Some simulation results for different source designs are presented as a first step of the design optimization.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"38 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74277330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500059
Toshiaki Sasaki, K. Sera, S. Goto, T. Hosokawa, Y. Saito, Y. Matsumoto
The effects of spraying mineral water onto agricultural crops on their yields and mineral contents were examined. We sprayed a solution containing a large quantity of essential minerals onto the leaves of various agricultural crops every other week for a few months. The mineral concentrations in the agricultural crops and of the sprayed solution were measured by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). It was found that the effect of spraying mineral water on the crops was remarkable, especially for rice and soybeans, for which the yields became nearly three times higher and the concentrations of many essential minerals increased in their stems and leaves. However, no clear increase in the mineral contents was observed for polished rice. In addition, not all of the farm products showed positive effects. This indicates that an effective method and timing of spraying mineral water should be examined depending on the conditions of each individual agricultural crop.
{"title":"Effects of spraying mineral water onto farm products on their growth and nutrition","authors":"Toshiaki Sasaki, K. Sera, S. Goto, T. Hosokawa, Y. Saito, Y. Matsumoto","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500059","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of spraying mineral water onto agricultural crops on their yields and mineral contents were examined. We sprayed a solution containing a large quantity of essential minerals onto the leaves of various agricultural crops every other week for a few months. The mineral concentrations in the agricultural crops and of the sprayed solution were measured by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). It was found that the effect of spraying mineral water on the crops was remarkable, especially for rice and soybeans, for which the yields became nearly three times higher and the concentrations of many essential minerals increased in their stems and leaves. However, no clear increase in the mineral contents was observed for polished rice. In addition, not all of the farm products showed positive effects. This indicates that an effective method and timing of spraying mineral water should be examined depending on the conditions of each individual agricultural crop.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"33 1","pages":"39-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85137631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500114
Y. Oguri, Y. Hu, K. Ploykrachang, Y. Mizushiro, K. Kondo, H. Fukuda
In this paper, we propose a highly-selective radiotherapy based on monochromatic X-rays and cancer-targeting gold nanoparticle (GNP) sensitizer. In order to deliver the low-energy monochromatic X-rays which selectively ionize the Au L-shell into the cancerous tissue deep inside the patient’s body, we employ a syringe-needle type X-ray source driven by an MeV proton beam. From a simple numerical evaluation, we found that optimization of the primary X-ray energy was essential to enhance the dose around the nanoparticle. In order to confirm the above idea qualitatively, we performed a simulation experiment in the atmosphere, where 100 nm Au foils were used instead of the GNPs. The experimental result showed that the dose around the Au foils was much higher than that at positions away from the foils, owing to short-range secondary electrons from the foils.
{"title":"Selective internal radiotherapy using proton-induced monochromatic X-rays and cancer-targeting nanoparticle sensitizers","authors":"Y. Oguri, Y. Hu, K. Ploykrachang, Y. Mizushiro, K. Kondo, H. Fukuda","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500114","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a highly-selective radiotherapy based on monochromatic X-rays and cancer-targeting gold nanoparticle (GNP) sensitizer. In order to deliver the low-energy monochromatic X-rays which selectively ionize the Au L-shell into the cancerous tissue deep inside the patient’s body, we employ a syringe-needle type X-ray source driven by an MeV proton beam. From a simple numerical evaluation, we found that optimization of the primary X-ray energy was essential to enhance the dose around the nanoparticle. In order to confirm the above idea qualitatively, we performed a simulation experiment in the atmosphere, where 100 nm Au foils were used instead of the GNPs. The experimental result showed that the dose around the Au foils was much higher than that at positions away from the foils, owing to short-range secondary electrons from the foils.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"27 1","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82649425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500126
K. Sera, S. Goto, T. Hosokawa, Y. Saitoh, T. Nagamine
In this paper, methods of quantitative elemental analysis of very small quantity of cultured cells were developed. First of all, an internal-standard method for the solution containing cells whose density is more than 1 × 106 cells/mL was established and then a standard-free method for cultured cells was developed. It was confirmed that the method allows us to quantitatively analyze more than 25 elements in the samples containing only 20,000 cells. Also, the methods for removing cultured cells from a flask were examined in order to improve accuracy and sensitivity of analysis since the use of trypsin and PBS sometimes brings a large amount of sodium, phosphorus and potassium, which have direct effect upon accuracy of analysis based on the standard-free method. It was found that the method of removing cells with a scraper without using trypsin and PBS is the best manner. Also, the effects of using thinner backing materials were examined in order to improve sensitivity of analyses. It is expected that accurate analysis of samples containing nearly two thousand cells is possible on the basis of the standard-free method when using a thinner backing material.
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of very small quantities of cultured cells","authors":"K. Sera, S. Goto, T. Hosokawa, Y. Saitoh, T. Nagamine","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500126","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, methods of quantitative elemental analysis of very small quantity of cultured cells were developed. First of all, an internal-standard method for the solution containing cells whose density is more than 1 × 106 cells/mL was established and then a standard-free method for cultured cells was developed. It was confirmed that the method allows us to quantitatively analyze more than 25 elements in the samples containing only 20,000 cells. Also, the methods for removing cultured cells from a flask were examined in order to improve accuracy and sensitivity of analysis since the use of trypsin and PBS sometimes brings a large amount of sodium, phosphorus and potassium, which have direct effect upon accuracy of analysis based on the standard-free method. It was found that the method of removing cells with a scraper without using trypsin and PBS is the best manner. Also, the effects of using thinner backing materials were examined in order to improve sensitivity of analyses. It is expected that accurate analysis of samples containing nearly two thousand cells is possible on the basis of the standard-free method when using a thinner backing material.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"1 1","pages":"113-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79929116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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