Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500151
T. Satoh
A new micro-particle induced X-ray emission-computed tomography (PIXE-CT) system was developed at Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application in Japan Atomic Energy Agency. In this system, scanning transmission ion microscopy-CT was performed as well as PIXE-CT for three-dimensional (3D) measurement of major elements' distributions, which are required for corrections of X-ray yields due to energy losses of projectiles and absorption of X-rays. Moreover, maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm has been introduced to image reconstruction because higher spatial resolution can be obtained even with less X-ray yields. Consequently, 3D distribution of trace elements in a minute biological cell less than 100 μm has been successfully obtained.
{"title":"Development of particle induced X-ray emission-computed tomography in Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency","authors":"T. Satoh","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500151","url":null,"abstract":"A new micro-particle induced X-ray emission-computed tomography (PIXE-CT) system was developed at Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application in Japan Atomic Energy Agency. In this system, scanning transmission ion microscopy-CT was performed as well as PIXE-CT for three-dimensional (3D) measurement of major elements' distributions, which are required for corrections of X-ray yields due to energy losses of projectiles and absorption of X-rays. Moreover, maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm has been introduced to image reconstruction because higher spatial resolution can be obtained even with less X-ray yields. Consequently, 3D distribution of trace elements in a minute biological cell less than 100 μm has been successfully obtained.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"50 1","pages":"147-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74113988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500187
M. Oikawa, N. Suya, Teruaki Konishi, T. Ishikawa, T. Hamano, S. Homma-Takeda
A micro-PIXE analysis system based on the ion beam analysis system by Oxford Microbeams Ltd. has been developed at the NIRS-electrostatic accelerator facility. The introduction of the CdTe X-ray detector dramatically improved the detection efficiencies for heavy elements that are important in the life sciences and environmental science. This system has been used for various projects and has provided several meaningful results, thus establishing the micro-PIXE system as an effective tool for the determination of elemental distribution with a high spatial resolution. In this paper, outline of the features of the micro-PIXE system at NIRS along with its recent application in research are introduced.
{"title":"Micro-PIXE analysis system at NIRS-electrostatic accelerator facility for various applications","authors":"M. Oikawa, N. Suya, Teruaki Konishi, T. Ishikawa, T. Hamano, S. Homma-Takeda","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500187","url":null,"abstract":"A micro-PIXE analysis system based on the ion beam analysis system by Oxford Microbeams Ltd. has been developed at the NIRS-electrostatic accelerator facility. The introduction of the CdTe X-ray detector dramatically improved the detection efficiencies for heavy elements that are important in the life sciences and environmental science. This system has been used for various projects and has provided several meaningful results, thus establishing the micro-PIXE system as an effective tool for the determination of elemental distribution with a high spatial resolution. In this paper, outline of the features of the micro-PIXE system at NIRS along with its recent application in research are introduced.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"82 1","pages":"217-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74815197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500035
K. Chiba, H. Nakatsuka, H. Sawatari, Takao Watanabe, K. Sera
This research looks at the correlation between the quantity of nutrients taken as minerals determined by PIXE analysis and mineral intake calculated in accordance with menu records collected via a total food duplicate method survey conducted on agricultural workers from four inland areas of Iwate Prefecture. Among the major nutrients and minerals taken over a 24 h period, intakes of calorie and carbohydrate of both sexes were found to be slightly high for the off-season, which indicated they had kept on a diet suited for the busy farming season. Intakes of calcium, iron and dietary fiber were also high. While 31 elements were identified from the hair samples collected from subjects, the elements found in all subjects were sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and bromine. In many of the elements detected, a great difference between the maximum and minimum values was found. As for potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, of which excess or deficiency could affect health, we examined whether their element content in hair correlates with their amount taken in the body through meals. However, no clear correlation between the two, the elements in hair and meals, was found.
{"title":"Correlation between minerals in hair as determined by PIXE analysis and nutrient intake conditions","authors":"K. Chiba, H. Nakatsuka, H. Sawatari, Takao Watanabe, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500035","url":null,"abstract":"This research looks at the correlation between the quantity of nutrients taken as minerals determined by PIXE analysis and mineral intake calculated in accordance with menu records collected via a total food duplicate method survey conducted on agricultural workers from four inland areas of Iwate Prefecture. Among the major nutrients and minerals taken over a 24 h period, intakes of calorie and carbohydrate of both sexes were found to be slightly high for the off-season, which indicated they had kept on a diet suited for the busy farming season. Intakes of calcium, iron and dietary fiber were also high. While 31 elements were identified from the hair samples collected from subjects, the elements found in all subjects were sulfur, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and bromine. In many of the elements detected, a great difference between the maximum and minimum values was found. As for potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, of which excess or deficiency could affect health, we examined whether their element content in hair correlates with their amount taken in the body through meals. However, no clear correlation between the two, the elements in hair and meals, was found.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"32 1","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82177083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S012908351550014X
T. Kamiya
Ion microbeam technology and its applications at the TIARA facility of JAEA Takasaki were summarized. In 1990, R&D of microbeam technology for TIARA was initiated in order to use an ion beam for analysis, radiation effect studies, or fabrication by the micro or nanometer scale. Three different types of ion microbeam systems with high-spatial resolutions were constructed and techniques of micro-PIXE, single ion hit and particle beam writing (PBW) were developed and applied widely in science and technology. Superior performance of these microbeams, on the other hand, was based on the highest quality of beams from the accelerators, the cyclotron in particular, which were also an important part of the R&D at TIARA.
{"title":"Microbeam systems at TIARA","authors":"T. Kamiya","doi":"10.1142/S012908351550014X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S012908351550014X","url":null,"abstract":"Ion microbeam technology and its applications at the TIARA facility of JAEA Takasaki were summarized. In 1990, R&D of microbeam technology for TIARA was initiated in order to use an ion beam for analysis, radiation effect studies, or fabrication by the micro or nanometer scale. Three different types of ion microbeam systems with high-spatial resolutions were constructed and techniques of micro-PIXE, single ion hit and particle beam writing (PBW) were developed and applied widely in science and technology. Superior performance of these microbeams, on the other hand, was based on the highest quality of beams from the accelerators, the cyclotron in particular, which were also an important part of the R&D at TIARA.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"34 1","pages":"135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83304995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500163
S. Matsuyama
A microbeam system called MB-I was developed at the Dynamitron laboratory at Tohoku University in 2002 for use in biological applications. Although the system was designed to achieve a submicron beam spot size, parasitic field contamination from tungsten carbide slit chips and an annular Si surface barrier detector have limited the beam spot size to 2 × 2 μm2. By replacing these components, parasitic field contamination of the system was reduced and the performance of the microbeam system was remarkably improved. A measured beam spot size of 0.4 × 0.4 μm2 at a beam current of several tens of pA has been achieved. MB-I has been used for simultaneous in-air/in-vacuum particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), secondary electron (SE), scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM) analyses, and three-dimensional PIXE micron computed tomography (PIXEμCT), with applications in various fields. To obtain a higher spatial resolution of several hundred nm and a higher beam current with a resolution of several μm, a triplet lens system was designed and installed in MB-I. The triplet system has a larger demagnification than the existing system; however, it also has larger chromatic and spherical aberration coefficients. Therefore, stricter requirements are imposed on the accelerator performance, particularly the beam brightness and energy stability. In addition to the microbeam, the Dynamitron accelerator was also upgraded to obtain a higher beam brightness. The beam brightness is 2.3pA⋅μm-2⋅mrad-2⋅MeV-1, with a half-divergence of 0.07 mrad. The energy resolution of the accelerator was improved by developing a terminal voltage stabilization system (TVSS), to achieve an energy resolution of 1 × 10−5 ΔE/E. Thus, the effects of the increased chromatic and spherical aberration were mitigated by restricting the divergence angle, without reducing the beam current. A beam spot size of 0.6 × 0.8 μm2 was obtained with a beam current of 150 pA. While the analysis system of MB-I can be used for simultaneous in-air/vacuum PIXE, RBS and STIM analyses, as well as 3D PIXEμCT, without changing the target chamber, changes are required in the experimental setup for these techniques, which is time-consuming, Thus, a new microbeam system, MB-II, was developed. The MB-II is a doublet system and is not equipped with a high-resolution energy analysis system. It is connected to a switching magnet. The beam brightness is 2.4pA⋅μ m-2⋅mrad-2⋅MeV-1 at a half-divergence of 0.1 mrad and this does not decrease as the beam divergence increases. This property is matched to obtain a higher beam current using the doublet system. With a current of 300 pA, the MB-II provides a higher beam current for a 1 × 1.5 μm2 beam spot size than is achievable with the MB-I. At present, both microbeam systems are in routine operation at the Dynamitron laboratory.
{"title":"The microbeam system at Tohoku University","authors":"S. Matsuyama","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500163","url":null,"abstract":"A microbeam system called MB-I was developed at the Dynamitron laboratory at Tohoku University in 2002 for use in biological applications. Although the system was designed to achieve a submicron beam spot size, parasitic field contamination from tungsten carbide slit chips and an annular Si surface barrier detector have limited the beam spot size to 2 × 2 μm2. By replacing these components, parasitic field contamination of the system was reduced and the performance of the microbeam system was remarkably improved. A measured beam spot size of 0.4 × 0.4 μm2 at a beam current of several tens of pA has been achieved. MB-I has been used for simultaneous in-air/in-vacuum particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), secondary electron (SE), scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM) analyses, and three-dimensional PIXE micron computed tomography (PIXEμCT), with applications in various fields. To obtain a higher spatial resolution of several hundred nm and a higher beam current with a resolution of several μm, a triplet lens system was designed and installed in MB-I. The triplet system has a larger demagnification than the existing system; however, it also has larger chromatic and spherical aberration coefficients. Therefore, stricter requirements are imposed on the accelerator performance, particularly the beam brightness and energy stability. In addition to the microbeam, the Dynamitron accelerator was also upgraded to obtain a higher beam brightness. The beam brightness is 2.3pA⋅μm-2⋅mrad-2⋅MeV-1, with a half-divergence of 0.07 mrad. The energy resolution of the accelerator was improved by developing a terminal voltage stabilization system (TVSS), to achieve an energy resolution of 1 × 10−5 ΔE/E. Thus, the effects of the increased chromatic and spherical aberration were mitigated by restricting the divergence angle, without reducing the beam current. A beam spot size of 0.6 × 0.8 μm2 was obtained with a beam current of 150 pA. While the analysis system of MB-I can be used for simultaneous in-air/vacuum PIXE, RBS and STIM analyses, as well as 3D PIXEμCT, without changing the target chamber, changes are required in the experimental setup for these techniques, which is time-consuming, Thus, a new microbeam system, MB-II, was developed. The MB-II is a doublet system and is not equipped with a high-resolution energy analysis system. It is connected to a switching magnet. The beam brightness is 2.4pA⋅μ m-2⋅mrad-2⋅MeV-1 at a half-divergence of 0.1 mrad and this does not decrease as the beam divergence increases. This property is matched to obtain a higher beam current using the doublet system. With a current of 300 pA, the MB-II provides a higher beam current for a 1 × 1.5 μm2 beam spot size than is achievable with the MB-I. At present, both microbeam systems are in routine operation at the Dynamitron laboratory.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"93 1","pages":"153-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86485638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500138
W. Kada, A. Yokoyama, M. Koka, K. Miura, T. Satoh, O. Hanaizumi, T. Kamiya
Ion beam induced luminescence (IBIL) analysis was performed on organic targets are typical organic contaminants in aerosols. An external proton microbeam with an energy of 3 MeV was selected as the probe for the continuous IBIL measurement. Commercially available organic standards, including common amino acids (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, riboflavin and tryptophan) and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene), were used to test the analysis. Differences in chemical composition were distinguished by the shape of the IBIL spectrum in the UV/visible/near-IR region (200–900 nm). The IBIL spectrum changed as the proton irradiation damage increased. These results suggest that qualitative characterization of organic materials might be possible through the continuous measurement of IBIL spectra.
{"title":"Continuous observation of ion beam induced luminescence spectra from organic standard targets","authors":"W. Kada, A. Yokoyama, M. Koka, K. Miura, T. Satoh, O. Hanaizumi, T. Kamiya","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500138","url":null,"abstract":"Ion beam induced luminescence (IBIL) analysis was performed on organic targets are typical organic contaminants in aerosols. An external proton microbeam with an energy of 3 MeV was selected as the probe for the continuous IBIL measurement. Commercially available organic standards, including common amino acids (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, riboflavin and tryptophan) and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene), were used to test the analysis. Differences in chemical composition were distinguished by the shape of the IBIL spectrum in the UV/visible/near-IR region (200–900 nm). The IBIL spectrum changed as the proton irradiation damage increased. These results suggest that qualitative characterization of organic materials might be possible through the continuous measurement of IBIL spectra.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"1 1","pages":"127-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77827023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500084
Tomomi Yamada, K. Kataoka, Todd Saunders, K. Sera, T. Takatsuji, Tsuyoshi Nakamura, Y. Nose
Many studies have been performed to determine the associations between the amounts of minerals present in hair and the health status, toward developing new approaches for disease prevention and prediction. Unfortunately, because of the highly variable results, which can be caused by many factors, there is no definitive consensus on the validity of these values in disease management. A previous proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) study of mothers and infants examined the association between hair minerals and the onset of atopic dermatitis in infants. For many of the minerals identified and analyzed, highly variable intra-individual variations proved problematic, and may have obscured any connections between disease states and the mineral levels. We feel that better statistical modeling of these intra-individual variations might lead to a better understanding of the associations between the hair mineral levels and the patient health status. This report examines the statistical nature of the intra-individual variations due to locations of hair strands and those due to the physical errors of the PIXE experiments. The results for Cu, Fe, Sr and Se are presented.
{"title":"Statistical investigation of the random variations in PIXE hair analysis","authors":"Tomomi Yamada, K. Kataoka, Todd Saunders, K. Sera, T. Takatsuji, Tsuyoshi Nakamura, Y. Nose","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500084","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have been performed to determine the associations between the amounts of minerals present in hair and the health status, toward developing new approaches for disease prevention and prediction. Unfortunately, because of the highly variable results, which can be caused by many factors, there is no definitive consensus on the validity of these values in disease management. A previous proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) study of mothers and infants examined the association between hair minerals and the onset of atopic dermatitis in infants. For many of the minerals identified and analyzed, highly variable intra-individual variations proved problematic, and may have obscured any connections between disease states and the mineral levels. We feel that better statistical modeling of these intra-individual variations might lead to a better understanding of the associations between the hair mineral levels and the patient health status. This report examines the statistical nature of the intra-individual variations due to locations of hair strands and those due to the physical errors of the PIXE experiments. The results for Cu, Fe, Sr and Se are presented.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"09 1","pages":"73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86227775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083515500011
Ikumi Kitajima, Toshihiko Matsui, Sho Sakai, Miwa Shigeyoshi, A. Kondo, K. Saitoh, H. Shimadera, Y. Inoue, K. Sera
In Japan, air pollution due to atmospheric particulate matter has been a serious problem, especially at roadsides in megacity areas. However, it is difficult to widely cover roadside areas with a limited number of air pollution monitoring stations. Therefore we focused on a biomonitoring technique by using leaves of roadside trees. We sampled leaves of ginkgo (G. biloba) along major arteria roads in Osaka City, which is the third largest city in Japan. The particles retained on the surfaces of the sampled leaves were removed by ultrasonic cleaning in ethanol solution. The ethanol solution including particles was suctioned by an aspirator and particles were collected on a PTFE filter. Elements collected on the filter were quantified by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis. It was found that the mass of traffic-related elements on the surfaces of sampled leaves correlated with the traffic density of large vehicles and the distance from the end of roadside to the sampling point. The ratios of mass of road dust-related elements on sampled leaves were almost similar to those of the road dust profile data. These results suggest the biomonitoring technique is an effective method to assess roadside air pollution.
{"title":"Relation of particle matter on roadside tree leaves with traffic density and road dust","authors":"Ikumi Kitajima, Toshihiko Matsui, Sho Sakai, Miwa Shigeyoshi, A. Kondo, K. Saitoh, H. Shimadera, Y. Inoue, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/S0129083515500011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083515500011","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, air pollution due to atmospheric particulate matter has been a serious problem, especially at roadsides in megacity areas. However, it is difficult to widely cover roadside areas with a limited number of air pollution monitoring stations. Therefore we focused on a biomonitoring technique by using leaves of roadside trees. We sampled leaves of ginkgo (G. biloba) along major arteria roads in Osaka City, which is the third largest city in Japan. The particles retained on the surfaces of the sampled leaves were removed by ultrasonic cleaning in ethanol solution. The ethanol solution including particles was suctioned by an aspirator and particles were collected on a PTFE filter. Elements collected on the filter were quantified by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis. It was found that the mass of traffic-related elements on the surfaces of sampled leaves correlated with the traffic density of large vehicles and the distance from the end of roadside to the sampling point. The ratios of mass of road dust-related elements on sampled leaves were almost similar to those of the road dust profile data. These results suggest the biomonitoring technique is an effective method to assess roadside air pollution.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90960534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083514500016
K. Saitoh, M. Shima, Yoshiko Yoda, Ryouhei Nakatsubo, Takatoshi Hiraki, Daisuke Tsunetomo, K. Sera
As a part of epidemiological study on the effects of the chemical composition of airborne particulate matter (PM) and ozone on asthma attacks, we carried out size-resolved sampling of PM in Himeji City, Japan and elemental and ionic composition analyses of the PM samples. Size-resolved PM was collected using a 3-stage NLAS impactor (Tokyo Dylec Co., Ltd.; particle cut size at sampling stages was 10, 2.5 and 1.0 μm for a flow rate of 3 L/min) with a 1-week sampling interval from November 2009 to May 2012. Concentrations of several elemental and ionic species in the PM samples were determined by PIXE and ion chromatography analysis, respectively. In addition, source apportionment analysis of the PM was performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) model using the analytical data of size-resolved particles. The research results are important for the physicochemical characterization of PM in the atmosphere, enabling evaluation of various PM emission sources and atmospheric processes. Of particular note is that the PM10 consisted mainly of NO3- and SO42-, and PM2.5 consisted only of SO42-. This is believed to suggest the different formation processes of NO3- and SO42-. Based on the results from the PMF model analysis, the particles larger then PM2.5 were estimated to have been from soil and sea salt particles. On the other hand, the particles smaller than PM2.5 were estimated to have been from soot, smoke and secondary particles. In particular, the majority of particle smaller than PM1.0 were estimated to be secondary sulfate particles.
{"title":"Physicochemical characterization and size-resolved source apportionment of airborne particles in Himeji City, Japan","authors":"K. Saitoh, M. Shima, Yoshiko Yoda, Ryouhei Nakatsubo, Takatoshi Hiraki, Daisuke Tsunetomo, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514500016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514500016","url":null,"abstract":"As a part of epidemiological study on the effects of the chemical composition of airborne particulate matter (PM) and ozone on asthma attacks, we carried out size-resolved sampling of PM in Himeji City, Japan and elemental and ionic composition analyses of the PM samples. Size-resolved PM was collected using a 3-stage NLAS impactor (Tokyo Dylec Co., Ltd.; particle cut size at sampling stages was 10, 2.5 and 1.0 μm for a flow rate of 3 L/min) with a 1-week sampling interval from November 2009 to May 2012. Concentrations of several elemental and ionic species in the PM samples were determined by PIXE and ion chromatography analysis, respectively. In addition, source apportionment analysis of the PM was performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) model using the analytical data of size-resolved particles. The research results are important for the physicochemical characterization of PM in the atmosphere, enabling evaluation of various PM emission sources and atmospheric processes. Of particular note is that the PM10 consisted mainly of NO3- and SO42-, and PM2.5 consisted only of SO42-. This is believed to suggest the different formation processes of NO3- and SO42-. Based on the results from the PMF model analysis, the particles larger then PM2.5 were estimated to have been from soil and sea salt particles. On the other hand, the particles smaller than PM2.5 were estimated to have been from soot, smoke and secondary particles. In particular, the majority of particle smaller than PM1.0 were estimated to be secondary sulfate particles.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78713363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1142/S0129083514400063
K. Ishii, S. Itoh, D. Sata, S. Matsuyama, A. Terakawa, Seongyun Kim, H. Arai, N. Osada, T. Satoh, M. Koka, A. Kitamua, T. Kamiya
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident caused radioactive pollution by 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs. The surface of the ground was contaminated at a volume of 3 × 107 m3. The government has mandated that the top 5 cm of the contaminated soil be removed and stored, in this way, it is desirable to reduce its volume. Soil samples were collected from a mountain, a rice field and a vegetable field in northern Japan, and the silt was extracted from the muddy water by washing the soil. Next, the silt was sprayed with a solution of cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3). We determined the amounts of Al, Si, K and Cs in the silt particles using micro-particle-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) analysis. The silt particles from a vegetable field, a rice field and a mountain were mainly formed from smectite or vermiculite, which absorbs Cs atoms. The measurements at multiple detection angles confirmed that Cs atoms were uniformly absorbed within silt particles less than 10−30 μm in diameter. This resulted that the radioactive Cs atoms were adsorbed in silt particles within 10−30 μm of the surface.
{"title":"Micro-PIXE analysis of the distribution of cesium in clay particles for environmental remediation of Fukushima","authors":"K. Ishii, S. Itoh, D. Sata, S. Matsuyama, A. Terakawa, Seongyun Kim, H. Arai, N. Osada, T. Satoh, M. Koka, A. Kitamua, T. Kamiya","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514400063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514400063","url":null,"abstract":"The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident caused radioactive pollution by 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs. The surface of the ground was contaminated at a volume of 3 × 107 m3. The government has mandated that the top 5 cm of the contaminated soil be removed and stored, in this way, it is desirable to reduce its volume. Soil samples were collected from a mountain, a rice field and a vegetable field in northern Japan, and the silt was extracted from the muddy water by washing the soil. Next, the silt was sprayed with a solution of cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3). We determined the amounts of Al, Si, K and Cs in the silt particles using micro-particle-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) analysis. The silt particles from a vegetable field, a rice field and a mountain were mainly formed from smectite or vermiculite, which absorbs Cs atoms. The measurements at multiple detection angles confirmed that Cs atoms were uniformly absorbed within silt particles less than 10−30 μm in diameter. This resulted that the radioactive Cs atoms were adsorbed in silt particles within 10−30 μm of the surface.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"114 1","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82288619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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