Environmental pollutions, energy problems and other uncertainties associated with the use of fossil fuel are some reasons which constitute the quest for eco-compatible fuel substitutes. Vegetable oils (VOs) are known raw materials that will remedy the situation. Palm oil (PO) and melon oil (MO) were extracted and blended in various proportions PO:MO (0:100, 10:90, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 80:20, 100:0) for biodiesel (BDS) production through the process of trans esterification using a catalyst (sodium hydroxide, NaOH). Viscosities of the blends decrease as temperature increases. Experimental information was applied to Grunberg-Nissan (d-)parameter; the range of PO50: MO50 blend (-10.629 to -8.030) showed the least negative d-parameter values at all temperatures (283K to 323K) and viscosity deviations at various temperatures range between -20 to 21. Thermodynamic studies were carried out on the blends; the randomness of the system and negligible effect of inter- and intra- bonding energies of the system were defined by the increasing negative values of Gibbs free energy of mixing (ΔGM) and zero enthalpies of mixing (ΔHM = 0). Energies of the produced BDS increase as calorific values of the blends increase (36 - 49 MJ/k) with an increase in the fractions of MO, and cloud point ranges from -1 to 0oC. The biodiesel properties were found to be comparable to the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) standard.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Studies on BInary Blends of Palm and Melon Oils in Production of Biodiesel","authors":"Kalu Samuel Anthonio, Ibezim Ezeani Millicent Uzoamaka, Monago Kenneth Osondu, Njoku Chika Mercy","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i3811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i3811","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental pollutions, energy problems and other uncertainties associated with the use of fossil fuel are some reasons which constitute the quest for eco-compatible fuel substitutes. Vegetable oils (VOs) are known raw materials that will remedy the situation. Palm oil (PO) and melon oil (MO) were extracted and blended in various proportions PO:MO (0:100, 10:90, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 80:20, 100:0) for biodiesel (BDS) production through the process of trans esterification using a catalyst (sodium hydroxide, NaOH). Viscosities of the blends decrease as temperature increases. Experimental information was applied to Grunberg-Nissan (d-)parameter; the range of PO50: MO50 blend (-10.629 to -8.030) showed the least negative d-parameter values at all temperatures (283K to 323K) and viscosity deviations at various temperatures range between -20 to 21. Thermodynamic studies were carried out on the blends; the randomness of the system and negligible effect of inter- and intra- bonding energies of the system were defined by the increasing negative values of Gibbs free energy of mixing (ΔGM) and zero enthalpies of mixing (ΔHM = 0). Energies of the produced BDS increase as calorific values of the blends increase (36 - 49 MJ/k) with an increase in the fractions of MO, and cloud point ranges from -1 to 0oC. The biodiesel properties were found to be comparable to the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) standard.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77094914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article describes a method for the synthesis of vinyl esters from fruit acids: malic, tartaric, citric and acetylene, as well as the results of a spectrophotometric analysis of the obtained compounds. Process conditions, product yields, and physicochemical properties of the resulting vinyl esters are given. The homogeneous catalytic reaction of vinylation of malic, tartaric and citric acids with acetylene has been studied and the formation of the corresponding vinyl esters has been proven. The mechanisms of vinylation reactions in the presence of acetylene are proposed. In the synthesis of vinyl ethers, the effect of pressure, temperature, and reaction time on the product yield was established.
{"title":"Synthesis of Vinyl Esters of Fruit Acids under High Pressure","authors":"Ziyadullayev Anvar, Khonkulov Shokhrukh, Soliev Mahammadjon, Shayzakova Dilbar, Xakimova Guzal","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i3810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i3810","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes a method for the synthesis of vinyl esters from fruit acids: malic, tartaric, citric and acetylene, as well as the results of a spectrophotometric analysis of the obtained compounds. Process conditions, product yields, and physicochemical properties of the resulting vinyl esters are given. The homogeneous catalytic reaction of vinylation of malic, tartaric and citric acids with acetylene has been studied and the formation of the corresponding vinyl esters has been proven. The mechanisms of vinylation reactions in the presence of acetylene are proposed. In the synthesis of vinyl ethers, the effect of pressure, temperature, and reaction time on the product yield was established.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89363962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-05DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2809
Dame Gadiaga, A. Sy, Cheikh Ndoye, B. Traoré, Gregory Excoffier, O. Diouf, M. Gaye
Fe(III) complex of the hydrazone from (E)-N'-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)isonicotinohydrazide (HL) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, electrical conductance in non-aqueous solvents, FT-IR and electronic spectroscopies, room temperature magnetic measurement, electrochemistry study as well as by X-ray diffraction structure determination. In the complex, the ligand acts in its neutral bidentate form, coordinating through the carbonyl oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. A high spin octahedral geometry assigned to the Fe(III) complex were further confirmed by room temperature magnetic moment data. Elemental analysis showed that Fe(III) complex is composed of metal and ligands in a molar ratio of 1:1. This complex of Fe(III) is a neutral electrolyte in DMF solution. The electrochemistry study shows that a one electron process determined the electrochemical reaction is governed by an electron transfer with an irreversible process. The structure of the complex has also been determined by X-ray diffraction revealing an octahedral environment around the Fe(III) ion.
{"title":"New Fe(III) Trichlorido Complex of a Bidentate N'-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)isonicotinohydrazide Ligand: Synthesis, X-ray Structure, Spectral Characterization, and Electrochemistry Study","authors":"Dame Gadiaga, A. Sy, Cheikh Ndoye, B. Traoré, Gregory Excoffier, O. Diouf, M. Gaye","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2809","url":null,"abstract":"Fe(III) complex of the hydrazone from (E)-N'-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)isonicotinohydrazide (HL) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, electrical conductance in non-aqueous solvents, FT-IR and electronic spectroscopies, room temperature magnetic measurement, electrochemistry study as well as by X-ray diffraction structure determination. In the complex, the ligand acts in its neutral bidentate form, coordinating through the carbonyl oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. A high spin octahedral geometry assigned to the Fe(III) complex were further confirmed by room temperature magnetic moment data. Elemental analysis showed that Fe(III) complex is composed of metal and ligands in a molar ratio of 1:1. This complex of Fe(III) is a neutral electrolyte in DMF solution. The electrochemistry study shows that a one electron process determined the electrochemical reaction is governed by an electron transfer with an irreversible process. The structure of the complex has also been determined by X-ray diffraction revealing an octahedral environment around the Fe(III) ion.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79198511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2808
K. Onanuga, O. Maitera, C. Milam, H. M. Olajire, V. Daniel
Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the levels and risks associated with heavy metals in the soil samples collected during the dry and wet seasons around metal scrap recycling areas in Ogijo, Ogun State. Study Design: The soil samples were collected randomly within the industries and communities in the vicinity of the scrap metal recycling industries (SMRI) and analyzed with XRF. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Ogijo in Sagamu Local Government Area, Ogun State, located within Southwestern Nigeria. The soil samples were collected in dry and wet seasons (5th to 7th March and 24th to 25th September 2020 respectively. Methodology: Soil samples within the industries and communities in the vicinity of the SMR were collected randomly, dried, and then sieved through a 2mm mesh stainless sieve. The sieved sample was analyzed for heavy metal concentration by using S2 Ranger, and Bruker UKX-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy techniques (XRF). Results: The results of the analyzed soil showed that the range of concentrations of heavy metals in the soil samples collected during dry season were: Fe (40100 - 87300 mg/kg); Mn (400 - 3500 mg/kg); Zn (600 -1300 mg/kg); Pb (400 - 1000 mg/kg) and during wet season: Fe (26100 -82700); Mn (500- 4200) mg/kg. Zn (600 – 1300) mg/kg; and Pb were only detected in S3 sample (600mg/kg). The results of the heavy metals were found to exceed the WHO permissible limits of heavy metals. Contamination index, degree of contamination, and pollution load indices indicated slight contamination to excessive pollution, very high risk of the degree of contamination, and extremely polluted soils respectively. The geo-accumulation index was uncontaminated to moderate contamination (0 80) with all the risk indices of the locations low (RI <150). The cumulative non-carcinogenic, health index (HI) for ingestion and dermal for soil during the dry season were all above 1 indicating non - carcinogenic health concerns for the residents of the study areas as they recorded higher values. The CRI was far above the acceptable limit indicating that residents in S3 during the wet season and S2 and S9 during the dry season have the probability of contracting cancer through ingestion within the life time of 70 years. Conclusion: The results of pollution indices show that the quality of soil in the study entirely deteriorated with respect to the DPR background. This indicates that the soil could not be used for any agricultural or domestic purposes.
{"title":"Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil around Metal Scrap Recycling Areas during Wet and Dry Seasons in Ogijo, Ogun State, SW Nigeria","authors":"K. Onanuga, O. Maitera, C. Milam, H. M. Olajire, V. Daniel","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2808","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the levels and risks associated with heavy metals in the soil samples collected during the dry and wet seasons around metal scrap recycling areas in Ogijo, Ogun State. \u0000Study Design: The soil samples were collected randomly within the industries and communities in the vicinity of the scrap metal recycling industries (SMRI) and analyzed with XRF. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Ogijo in Sagamu Local Government Area, Ogun State, located within Southwestern Nigeria. The soil samples were collected in dry and wet seasons (5th to 7th March and 24th to 25th September 2020 respectively. \u0000Methodology: Soil samples within the industries and communities in the vicinity of the SMR were collected randomly, dried, and then sieved through a 2mm mesh stainless sieve. The sieved sample was analyzed for heavy metal concentration by using S2 Ranger, and Bruker UKX-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy techniques (XRF). \u0000Results: The results of the analyzed soil showed that the range of concentrations of heavy metals in the soil samples collected during dry season were: Fe (40100 - 87300 mg/kg); Mn (400 - 3500 mg/kg); Zn (600 -1300 mg/kg); Pb (400 - 1000 mg/kg) and during wet season: Fe (26100 -82700); Mn (500- 4200) mg/kg. Zn (600 – 1300) mg/kg; and Pb were only detected in S3 sample (600mg/kg). The results of the heavy metals were found to exceed the WHO permissible limits of heavy metals. Contamination index, degree of contamination, and pollution load indices indicated slight contamination to excessive pollution, very high risk of the degree of contamination, and extremely polluted soils respectively. The geo-accumulation index was uncontaminated to moderate contamination (0<Igeo≤1) with different metals at different locations that were not detected and with all the detected Zn concentrations (except at S1) to extreme contamination (Igeo≥5).Heavy metal enrichment during both dry and wet seasons ranged from background rank (EF ≤ 1) to moderate enrichment. Eri values ranged from low (Eri) <40) to moderate ecological risk (Eri > 80) with all the risk indices of the locations low (RI <150). The cumulative non-carcinogenic, health index (HI) for ingestion and dermal for soil during the dry season were all above 1 indicating non - carcinogenic health concerns for the residents of the study areas as they recorded higher values. The CRI was far above the acceptable limit indicating that residents in S3 during the wet season and S2 and S9 during the dry season have the probability of contracting cancer through ingestion within the life time of 70 years. \u0000Conclusion: The results of pollution indices show that the quality of soil in the study entirely deteriorated with respect to the DPR background. This indicates that the soil could not be used for any agricultural or domestic purposes.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88269472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2805
E. Saraswathi, J. Moses
Silk is utilized as most valuable fibers based on the unique properties like shiny sheen, remarkable comfort performance and bio considerations. Silk materials possess high applications as a natural substrate in the textile/garment industry and as a bio component in the medical applications. As silk is fine, delicate and sensitive it needs more care to protect from the ill effects of insects, light and chemicals. Hence, in this work an attempt is carried out on silk fabric by treatment with polyacrylic acid and chitosan followed by dyeing using few natural dyes and one synthetic reactive dye and subsequently subjected for different tests towards physical properties, colorimetric and fastness properties, low stress mechanical properties, antimicrobial and uv protection properties, SEM and XRD studies. The results of these tests give very good improvement of the protection behavior on the silk fabric suitable for the garments and other end use products.
{"title":"Polyacrylic Acid and Chitosan Treatments on Silk Fabric for Protection Enhancements","authors":"E. Saraswathi, J. Moses","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2805","url":null,"abstract":"Silk is utilized as most valuable fibers based on the unique properties like shiny sheen, remarkable comfort performance and bio considerations. Silk materials possess high applications as a natural substrate in the textile/garment industry and as a bio component in the medical applications. As silk is fine, delicate and sensitive it needs more care to protect from the ill effects of insects, light and chemicals. Hence, in this work an attempt is carried out on silk fabric by treatment with polyacrylic acid and chitosan followed by dyeing using few natural dyes and one synthetic reactive dye and subsequently subjected for different tests towards physical properties, colorimetric and fastness properties, low stress mechanical properties, antimicrobial and uv protection properties, SEM and XRD studies. The results of these tests give very good improvement of the protection behavior on the silk fabric suitable for the garments and other end use products.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"36 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89589116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2804
N. Swathi, A. Jabeen, B. Devi, Anumolu Durga Pani Kumar
Background: Ganciclovir is a synthetic analogue of 2′-deoxy- guanosine, used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection. The aim of the present investigation was to develop and validate a simple, rapid and sensitive redox-based spectrophotometric method for the quantification of Ganciclovir in pure and in pharmaceutical dosage form. Methods: It was developed by using 0.1 M HCl as solvent and mixture of ferric chloride and 1,10-phenanthroline as chromogenic reagent. The developed method was optimized for various method conditions and then statistically validated. Results: The mixture containing 0.3% w/v of ferric chloride and 0.5% w/v of 1,10-phenanthroline and drug to reagent mole ratio of 0.5:0.5, were identified as optimum for the method, based on the optimization studies. Linearity of the method was found to be 5.0-30.0 μg/mL for Ganciclovir, when the measurement was done at 510.0 nm. The method was proved to be sensitive by its low limit of detection and quantification values i.e., 0.30 and 0.90 μg/mL, respectively. The results of the validation parameters comply with the ICH guidelines. The %assay value 99.2 indicated the successful adaptation of the contemplated method for the pharmaceutical formulation. Conclusion: The developed method was simple and could be applied in the quality control testing of Ganciclovir in formulation.
{"title":"Redox-based Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Ganciclovir in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form","authors":"N. Swathi, A. Jabeen, B. Devi, Anumolu Durga Pani Kumar","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2804","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ganciclovir is a synthetic analogue of 2′-deoxy- guanosine, used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection. The aim of the present investigation was to develop and validate a simple, rapid and sensitive redox-based spectrophotometric method for the quantification of Ganciclovir in pure and in pharmaceutical dosage form. \u0000Methods: It was developed by using 0.1 M HCl as solvent and mixture of ferric chloride and 1,10-phenanthroline as chromogenic reagent. The developed method was optimized for various method conditions and then statistically validated. \u0000Results: The mixture containing 0.3% w/v of ferric chloride and 0.5% w/v of 1,10-phenanthroline and drug to reagent mole ratio of 0.5:0.5, were identified as optimum for the method, based on the optimization studies. Linearity of the method was found to be 5.0-30.0 μg/mL for Ganciclovir, when the measurement was done at 510.0 nm. The method was proved to be sensitive by its low limit of detection and quantification values i.e., 0.30 and 0.90 μg/mL, respectively. The results of the validation parameters comply with the ICH guidelines. The %assay value 99.2 indicated the successful adaptation of the contemplated method for the pharmaceutical formulation. \u0000Conclusion: The developed method was simple and could be applied in the quality control testing of Ganciclovir in formulation.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87030651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2803
M. Ibrahim, F. Ahmed, ELfaiz Fathi
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the physicochemical properties, to investigate the chemical components of the fixed oil from foeniculum vulgare seeds and to appraisal its l antimicrobial activity against six microorganisms (Bacillus subitus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium). The chemical components of foeniculum vulgare seeds oil were specified and quantified using the GC-MS technique, where disc diffusion assays were appointed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities and physicochemical properties by criterion methods. the physicochemical analysis results showed that the seeds oil was green in colour and liquid at room temperature with the iodine, acid, peroxide, saponification, values and free fatty acid at (2.01± 0.01mgKOH/g, 78.36±0.1 gI2/100g, 15.42±0.02mgKOH/g, 18.2±0.01meqH2O2, 5.2mgKOH/g) respectively. The specific gravity, relative density, refractive index and viscosity of the oil were at 0.8808±0.0001 (g/ml), 0.918±0.01, 35.14±0.1 and 1.471±0.1respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed six components which had been identified and detected revealing the following major components 10-Nonadecanone (79.28%), Estragole (8.61%), 6-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (7.63%). The oil appeared partial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and inactive against Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Aspergillus niger, but more active against Penicillium as naturally source of antimicrobial activity and justified its uses in traditional medicines.
{"title":"Physico-chemical, GC-MS Spectrometry Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Foeniculum vulgare Seeds Oil","authors":"M. Ibrahim, F. Ahmed, ELfaiz Fathi","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i2803","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to evaluate the physicochemical properties, to investigate the chemical components of the fixed oil from foeniculum vulgare seeds and to appraisal its l antimicrobial activity against six microorganisms (Bacillus subitus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium). The chemical components of foeniculum vulgare seeds oil were specified and quantified using the GC-MS technique, where disc diffusion assays were appointed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities and physicochemical properties by criterion methods. the physicochemical analysis results showed that the seeds oil was green in colour and liquid at room temperature with the iodine, acid, peroxide, saponification, values and free fatty acid at (2.01± 0.01mgKOH/g, 78.36±0.1 gI2/100g, 15.42±0.02mgKOH/g, 18.2±0.01meqH2O2, 5.2mgKOH/g) respectively. The specific gravity, relative density, refractive index and viscosity of the oil were at 0.8808±0.0001 (g/ml), 0.918±0.01, 35.14±0.1 and 1.471±0.1respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed six components which had been identified and detected revealing the following major components 10-Nonadecanone (79.28%), Estragole (8.61%), 6-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (7.63%). The oil appeared partial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and inactive against Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Aspergillus niger, but more active against Penicillium as naturally source of antimicrobial activity and justified its uses in traditional medicines.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76954525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i1802
J. Momoh, T. T. Oshin
Background: Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker is used by the traditional people in southwest Nigeria for arresting bleeding from cuts and treating bacterial infections especially wound infection without scientific proof of its efficacy. The plant was investigated in animal models for its antidepressant activity in Swiss mice. Methods: The GC-MS, phytochemical analyses, antioxidant activities, tail suspension test, forced swimming test and oxidative stress parameters were determined using standard procedures. Results: A total of 27 compounds were identified consisting of five prominent compounds and 22 minor compounds. The five prominent compounds constitute 63.99% of the Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker plant. The five major compounds and their percentage abundance are: Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 2,6,6-trime thyl- (21.36%), Squalene (18.69%), Neophytadiene (10.71%), 2-Tridecanol (6.66%) and 2-Dodecanol (6.57%). The phytochemicals present in the methanolic leaf extract of C polycephalum are: flavonoids, steroid, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, terpenoids, anthocyanin, phenolic compounds and carbohydrate The extract has the ability to scavenge DPPH activity and it contains other components like: total proanthocyanidine (1.369±0.184), flavonoids (2.4%), β-Carotene (0.1336± 0.45 µg) and lycopene (0.0340±0.053µg/g). The antidepressant result showed robust and dose-dependent antidepressant-like activity of Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker. There are statistically significant (P<0.0001) reductions in the duration of immobility time both in the tail suspension and forced swimming test. Clerodendrum polycephalum extract produced significant (P<0.0001-0.0044) increase in total protein of the plasma, liver and kidney homogenate of the treated groups (Group C, D and E) compared to the untreated mice in group B. The level of antioxidant parameter such as catalase, and superoxide dismutase were significant increased (P<0.0001) and MDA values significantly reduce (P<0.0001-0.0014) in the treated groups administered with the extract and imipramine compared to the untreated mice in group B. Conclusion: The results show that methanolic leaf extract of the Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker has potential antioxidant and antidepressant activities and further studies should be conducted to identify, isolate and evaluate its potential active compound responsible for such effect.
{"title":"Phytochemical Profiling Using GC-MS, Antioxidant and Antidepressant Properties of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker in Swiss Mice","authors":"J. Momoh, T. T. Oshin","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i1802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i1802","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker is used by the traditional people in southwest Nigeria for arresting bleeding from cuts and treating bacterial infections especially wound infection without scientific proof of its efficacy. The plant was investigated in animal models for its antidepressant activity in Swiss mice. \u0000Methods: The GC-MS, phytochemical analyses, antioxidant activities, tail suspension test, forced swimming test and oxidative stress parameters were determined using standard procedures. \u0000Results: A total of 27 compounds were identified consisting of five prominent compounds and 22 minor compounds. The five prominent compounds constitute 63.99% of the Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker plant. The five major compounds and their percentage abundance are: Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 2,6,6-trime thyl- (21.36%), Squalene (18.69%), Neophytadiene (10.71%), 2-Tridecanol (6.66%) and 2-Dodecanol (6.57%). The phytochemicals present in the methanolic leaf extract of C polycephalum are: flavonoids, steroid, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, terpenoids, anthocyanin, phenolic compounds and carbohydrate The extract has the ability to scavenge DPPH activity and it contains other components like: total proanthocyanidine (1.369±0.184), flavonoids (2.4%), β-Carotene (0.1336± 0.45 µg) and lycopene (0.0340±0.053µg/g). The antidepressant result showed robust and dose-dependent antidepressant-like activity of Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker. There are statistically significant (P<0.0001) reductions in the duration of immobility time both in the tail suspension and forced swimming test. Clerodendrum polycephalum extract produced significant (P<0.0001-0.0044) increase in total protein of the plasma, liver and kidney homogenate of the treated groups (Group C, D and E) compared to the untreated mice in group B. The level of antioxidant parameter such as catalase, and superoxide dismutase were significant increased (P<0.0001) and MDA values significantly reduce (P<0.0001-0.0014) in the treated groups administered with the extract and imipramine compared to the untreated mice in group B. \u0000Conclusion: The results show that methanolic leaf extract of the Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker has potential antioxidant and antidepressant activities and further studies should be conducted to identify, isolate and evaluate its potential active compound responsible for such effect.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77187353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i1801
Abdoulkadri Ayouba Mahamane, Abdoulaye Idrissa Kalidou, Hassane Adamou, Bachir Mijitaba Sahirou, A. Walcarius, R. Adamou
In this work a new, simple, fast, and efficient electrochemical approach for the determination of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) using the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) technique was presented. This is achieved by modifying the surface of a carbon paste electrode by electropolymerization of Eriochrome blue black R. First, the behavior of Hg2+ on the modified electrode is studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, to evaluate performance and understand the phenomena that take place on its surface. DPASV is then used to optimize the sensor in HClO4 medium. After optimization, a linear calibration graph was obtained in the concentration range of 1x10-9 to 9x10-9 mol.L-1 with correlation coefficient R2= 0.9975%, the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained are respectively 3.23x10-10 mol.L-1 and 1.07x10-9 mol.L-1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 7 measurements is 3.07%, which proves that this sensor is reproducible. Finally, this method has been successfully applied in real samples of water and the results obtained are satisfactory because the recovery rates of Hg2+ vary from 99.2 to 100.1%.
{"title":"Electrochemical Determination of Hg2+ on a Poly (Eriochrome Blue Black R) Modified Carbon Paste Electrode","authors":"Abdoulkadri Ayouba Mahamane, Abdoulaye Idrissa Kalidou, Hassane Adamou, Bachir Mijitaba Sahirou, A. Walcarius, R. Adamou","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i1801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i1801","url":null,"abstract":"In this work a new, simple, fast, and efficient electrochemical approach for the determination of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) using the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) technique was presented. This is achieved by modifying the surface of a carbon paste electrode by electropolymerization of Eriochrome blue black R. First, the behavior of Hg2+ on the modified electrode is studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, to evaluate performance and understand the phenomena that take place on its surface. DPASV is then used to optimize the sensor in HClO4 medium. After optimization, a linear calibration graph was obtained in the concentration range of 1x10-9 to 9x10-9 mol.L-1 with correlation coefficient R2= 0.9975%, the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained are respectively 3.23x10-10 mol.L-1 and 1.07x10-9 mol.L-1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 7 measurements is 3.07%, which proves that this sensor is reproducible. Finally, this method has been successfully applied in real samples of water and the results obtained are satisfactory because the recovery rates of Hg2+ vary from 99.2 to 100.1%.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88965147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i1800
L. Tometin, W. Chouti, N. Chitou, Rodolphe Sotondji, J. Fatombi, D. Mama, L. Bawa
We evaluated the impacts of agricultural activities on the cultivated soils around Lake Toho as well as the waters from the streams through phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium pollution of the soils and waters from the streams heading towards Lake. In the soil, pHwater and pHKCl organic matter, moisture total phosphorus and its fractionation were determined. The various supernatants obtained are analyzed using a 1600PC UV spectrophotometer as well as the waters for the determination of ammonium, nitrite, nitrates and phosphate. In soils, the determination of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and potassium was carried out by DR 5000 MP-AES spectrometry method. Soils around this lake are weakly acidic with an average water pH of 6.91. The humidity increases from surface to depth (8% to 28%), while organic matter (11% on average) and organic carbon decrease from surface to depth. These soils are rich in phosphorus with an overall average concentration of 10.10 mg/g. The fractionation made it possibe to extract the following forms of phosphorus in soil in the order: P-residual > P-org&Al > P-Ca > P-Fe > P-Labile. The physicochemical analysis of the waters show that these waters are moderately loaded and present an increased risk of eutrophication with multifaceted consequences. In soils, nitrate is the dominant form of nitrogen. Cultivated soils provide an abundant source of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients to Lake Toho via its recharge sources.
{"title":"Impacts of Pollutants (Phosphorus and Nitrogen) from Agricultural Activities on the Soils and Waters of Toho Lake (Benin)","authors":"L. Tometin, W. Chouti, N. Chitou, Rodolphe Sotondji, J. Fatombi, D. Mama, L. Bawa","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i1800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i1800","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the impacts of agricultural activities on the cultivated soils around Lake Toho as well as the waters from the streams through phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium pollution of the soils and waters from the streams heading towards Lake. In the soil, pHwater and pHKCl organic matter, moisture total phosphorus and its fractionation were determined. The various supernatants obtained are analyzed using a 1600PC UV spectrophotometer as well as the waters for the determination of ammonium, nitrite, nitrates and phosphate. In soils, the determination of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and potassium was carried out by DR 5000 MP-AES spectrometry method. Soils around this lake are weakly acidic with an average water pH of 6.91. The humidity increases from surface to depth (8% to 28%), while organic matter (11% on average) and organic carbon decrease from surface to depth. These soils are rich in phosphorus with an overall average concentration of 10.10 mg/g. The fractionation made it possibe to extract the following forms of phosphorus in soil in the order: P-residual > P-org&Al > P-Ca > P-Fe > P-Labile. The physicochemical analysis of the waters show that these waters are moderately loaded and present an increased risk of eutrophication with multifaceted consequences. In soils, nitrate is the dominant form of nitrogen. Cultivated soils provide an abundant source of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients to Lake Toho via its recharge sources.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85476776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：