Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2850
Djedjess Essoh Jules-César Meledje, Y. A. Yobouet, Ange Victoire Mireille Loua, A. S. Ello, S. N. Eroi, Albert Trokourey
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate or SDS is a chemical compound widely used in detergent and cosmetic formulations. This work describes the application of solar heterogeneous photocatalysis based on tungsten oxide (WO3) to the kinetic study of the degradation of sodium dodecylsulfate. The experiments were performed at room temperature to study the effect of the initial catalyst mass. The results showed that a small amount of tungsten oxide is sufficient to degrade sodium dodecyl sulfate. The initial concentrations of SDS varied between 5 and 15 mg.L-1. According to the results, more than 87% reduction is obtained after 120 min of solar irradiation of the SDS solution for a WO3/SDS mass ratio of 1/5. The detailed kinetic analysis of the photodegradation of sodium dodecylsulfate showed that the disappearance of the anionic surfactant follows a pseudo-prime model. According to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, the kinetics constant calculated from the linear form of this model are : k = 0.042 mg.L.min-1 and K = 0.060 L.mg-1.
{"title":"Kinetic Study of Sodium Dodecylsulfate Degradation by Solar Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Based on Tungsten Oxide","authors":"Djedjess Essoh Jules-César Meledje, Y. A. Yobouet, Ange Victoire Mireille Loua, A. S. Ello, S. N. Eroi, Albert Trokourey","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2850","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate or SDS is a chemical compound widely used in detergent and cosmetic formulations. This work describes the application of solar heterogeneous photocatalysis based on tungsten oxide (WO3) to the kinetic study of the degradation of sodium dodecylsulfate. The experiments were performed at room temperature to study the effect of the initial catalyst mass. The results showed that a small amount of tungsten oxide is sufficient to degrade sodium dodecyl sulfate. The initial concentrations of SDS varied between 5 and 15 mg.L-1. According to the results, more than 87% reduction is obtained after 120 min of solar irradiation of the SDS solution for a WO3/SDS mass ratio of 1/5. The detailed kinetic analysis of the photodegradation of sodium dodecylsulfate showed that the disappearance of the anionic surfactant follows a pseudo-prime model. According to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, the kinetics constant calculated from the linear form of this model are : k = 0.042 mg.L.min-1 and K = 0.060 L.mg-1.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2849
K. E. Ttaib, A. Benhmid
The gravimetric inspection of co-electrodeposited copper, with hard inert second phase ceramics SiC and 0.02 M [CuCl2.2H2O] in 1 ChCl: 2 EG, based liquid for different solution-phase loadings of 1-3 (mu)m silicon carbide unpolished gold AT cut working electrode placed in’Vertical’ position, revealed that the EQCM method admits the first in-situ quantification or particulate inclusion. It was found that the composition of incorporated substance was fairly dependant on the concentration of second phase particles in solution, where in this study the 5% SiC has the amount in the copper which is in a good agreement with alumina particles with the same size. Another observation was that most of the material was drawn onto the surface rather than settling on to it, however the distribution of the hard phase was found to be reasonably even throughout the coating. This technology is important because it assists deposition of bright copper coatings without adding hazard materials, such as cyanide. On the other hand the comparison between concentrations of 0.02 M and 0.2 M [CuCl2.2H2O] in 1 ChCl: 2 EG based liquid for 10% solution-phase loadings of 45-55 nm size silicon carbide was also investigated, where the working electrode is placed in’Horizontal’ postion. It is very interisting that the experimental result showed that the mass loaded by 0.2 M solution is about 10 times greater than for the mass loaded by 0.02 M solution.
对放置在 "垂直 "位置的 1-3 (mu)m 碳化硅未抛光金 AT 切削工作电极的不同溶液相负载、在 1 ChCl: 2 EG 基液体中与硬质惰性第二相陶瓷 SiC 和 0.02 M [CuCl2.2H2O]共电解沉积铜的重量检测显示，EQCM 方法首次实现了原位定量或微粒掺杂。 在本研究中，5% 碳化硅在铜中的含量与相同大小的氧化铝颗粒相当。 另一个观察结果是，大部分材料都被吸附在表面上，而不是沉淀在表面上，但在整个涂层中，硬质相的分布相当均匀。 这项技术非常重要，因为它可以在不添加氰化物等危险材料的情况下帮助沉积光亮的铜涂层。另一方面，还研究了在 1 ChCl: 2 EG 基液体中 0.02 M 和 0.2 M [CuCl2.2H2O]浓度与 45-55 nm 尺寸碳化硅 10%溶液相负载的比较，其中工作电极处于 "水平 "位置。实验结果表明，0.2 M 溶液的负载质量是 0.02 M 溶液负载质量的 10 倍。
{"title":"Investigation of Copper Codeposits with SiC Nano from Ionic Liquid (Ethaline) as Function of Concentration and Micro Particles Sizes where the Working Electrode in ‘Vertical’ Position Using Acoustic Impedance Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM)","authors":"K. E. Ttaib, A. Benhmid","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2849","url":null,"abstract":"The gravimetric inspection of co-electrodeposited copper, with hard inert second phase ceramics SiC and 0.02 M [CuCl2.2H2O] in 1 ChCl: 2 EG, based liquid for different solution-phase loadings of 1-3 (mu)m silicon carbide unpolished gold AT cut working electrode placed in’Vertical’ position, revealed that the EQCM method admits the first in-situ quantification or particulate inclusion. It was found that the composition of incorporated substance was fairly dependant on the concentration of second phase particles in solution, where in this study the 5% SiC has the amount in the copper which is in a good agreement with alumina particles with the same size. Another observation was that most of the material was drawn onto the surface rather than settling on to it, however the distribution of the hard phase was found to be reasonably even throughout the coating. This technology is important because it assists deposition of bright copper coatings without adding hazard materials, such as cyanide. On the other hand the comparison between concentrations of 0.02 M and 0.2 M [CuCl2.2H2O] in 1 ChCl: 2 EG based liquid for 10% solution-phase loadings of 45-55 nm size silicon carbide was also investigated, where the working electrode is placed in’Horizontal’ postion. It is very interisting that the experimental result showed that the mass loaded by 0.2 M solution is about 10 times greater than for the mass loaded by 0.02 M solution.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"80 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2848
Melisa Ahmetović, I. Šestan, A. Odobašić, Edisa Papraćanin, H. Keran, Abdel Đozić, Halid Junuzović
Waste water in the galvanic process contains high concentrations of heavy metals that pose a direct danger to humans and the environment. Conventional methods for their removal are quite expensive and generate a large amount of waste. The development of new and improvement of existing methods for the removal of heavy metals from galvanic wastewater are the subject of many studies. Compared to other purification methods, the adsorption is becoming an increasingly popular method of wastewater purification, especially if the adsorbent is cheap, easily available and does not require any other treatment before use. Therefore, the aim of the work was to investigate the possibility of using natural bentonite for the removal of heavy metal ions from multi-component water systems of the galvanic industry. For this purpose, the physico-chemical characterization of natural bentonite was performed, and then the influence of pH value, time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency was examined. The results of adsorption showed that natural bentonite can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from waste galvanic waters, and that at pH 5 it achieves the maximum removal efficiency for Cu(II):Cr(III):Ni(II) ions in the percentage ratio 100 : 99.990 : 99.998. The results showed that the highest removal efficiency for Cu (II) ions was achieved in the first 10 minutes, and 20 minutes for Cr (III) and Ni (II) ions. The maximum efficiency of Cu (II) removal was achieved at all temperatures, while for Cr (III) 99.99% and Ni (II) 100% maximum efficiency was achieved at 35°C, which indicates that the adsorption process is endothermic. The experimental results of the adsorption of Cu (II) metal ions are in good agreement with the Langmuir and Freundlich theoretical models, while for Cr (III) and Ni (II) ions they are in better agreement with the Langmuir adsorption model.
电镀过程中产生的废水含有高浓度的重金属，对人类和环境造成直接危害。传统的去除重金属的方法非常昂贵，而且会产生大量废物。与其他净化方法相比，吸附法正日益成为一种流行的废水净化方法，尤其是当吸附剂便宜、容易获得且在使用前不需要任何其他处理时。因此，这项工作的目的是研究使用天然膨润土去除电镀工业多组分水系统中重金属离子的可能性。为此，对天然膨润土进行了物理化学表征，然后研究了 pH 值、时间和温度对吸附效率的影响。吸附结果表明，天然膨润土可用作去除废电解水中重金属离子的吸附剂，在 pH 值为 5 时，天然膨润土对 Cu(II)：Cr(III)：Ni(II) 离子的去除率最高，比例为 100 : 99.990 : 99.998。结果表明，前 10 分钟对 Cu (II) 离子的去除率最高，20 分钟对 Cr (III) 和 Ni (II) 离子的去除率最高。Cu (II) 金属离子的吸附实验结果与 Langmuir 和 Freundlich 理论模型十分吻合，而 Cr (III) 和 Ni (II) 离子的吸附实验结果与 Langmuir 吸附模型更为吻合。
{"title":"The Potential of Bentonite as a Low-cost Adsorbent for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Multicomponent Aqueous Systems of the Galvanic Industry","authors":"Melisa Ahmetović, I. Šestan, A. Odobašić, Edisa Papraćanin, H. Keran, Abdel Đozić, Halid Junuzović","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2848","url":null,"abstract":"Waste water in the galvanic process contains high concentrations of heavy metals that pose a direct danger to humans and the environment. Conventional methods for their removal are quite expensive and generate a large amount of waste. The development of new and improvement of existing methods for the removal of heavy metals from galvanic wastewater are the subject of many studies.\u0000Compared to other purification methods, the adsorption is becoming an increasingly popular method of wastewater purification, especially if the adsorbent is cheap, easily available and does not require any other treatment before use. Therefore, the aim of the work was to investigate the possibility of using natural bentonite for the removal of heavy metal ions from multi-component water systems of the galvanic industry.\u0000For this purpose, the physico-chemical characterization of natural bentonite was performed, and then the influence of pH value, time and temperature on the adsorption efficiency was examined.\u0000The results of adsorption showed that natural bentonite can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from waste galvanic waters, and that at pH 5 it achieves the maximum removal efficiency for Cu(II):Cr(III):Ni(II) ions in the percentage ratio 100 : 99.990 : 99.998. The results showed that the highest removal efficiency for Cu (II) ions was achieved in the first 10 minutes, and 20 minutes for Cr (III) and Ni (II) ions. The maximum efficiency of Cu (II) removal was achieved at all temperatures, while for Cr (III) 99.99% and Ni (II) 100% maximum efficiency was achieved at 35°C, which indicates that the adsorption process is endothermic.\u0000The experimental results of the adsorption of Cu (II) metal ions are in good agreement with the Langmuir and Freundlich theoretical models, while for Cr (III) and Ni (II) ions they are in better agreement with the Langmuir adsorption model.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2847
Utaji I. I., Gyang F. N., Ezeigwe F. C., Ideh E. L., Okoh A. O.
Aims: This study was aimed at investigating the nutritive composition and bioactive compounds in the methanol extracts of root and stem of Tephoresia vogelii. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Samples were collected in K- Vom community in Jos, Plateau state Nigeria between April and May 2023. Methodology: Sample extractions were carried out using maceration method. phytochemical screening and nutritive composition were carried out using standard methods while the bioactive compounds were detected using GC-MS technique. Phytochemicals were ascertained based on molecular weights (m/z) acquired from GC-MS chromatograms. Phytocompounds were established through interpretation of spectral peaks and comparing data with stored databases from the National Institute Standard and Technique (NIST) library. Results: The extracts had variable percentage yield with methanol root extract having the highest (3.80%). The results of the phytochemical screening showed the presence and absence of some phytochemicals while the proximate composition varied significantly (P=0.002). The moisture content was in the range of (6.75 to 9.50%), protein (8.99 to 11.56%), crude fiber (2.00 to 7.33%), fat content (47.33 to 51.06%), ash content (15.80 to 17.60%) and carbohydrate (8.33 to 13.84%) in the methanol extracts of the root and stem. Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry, (GC-MS) determined some specific phytocompounds in the extracts, GC-MS analysis furnished a combined total of 14 phytocompounds in the two extracts with unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids being the major families detected. Conclusion: The extracts upon analysis revealed high potential for a vast number of bioactive compounds which justifies its use for various ailments by traditional practitioners. Phytochemical components identified in this study advocate the presence of ethnomedical and phytopharmaceutical versality of each of the extracts which could be used in the therapeutic drug formulation studies.
{"title":"Nutritive Composition and GC- MS Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemicals from the Methanolic Extracts of the Stem and Root of Tephrosia vogelii","authors":"Utaji I. I., Gyang F. N., Ezeigwe F. C., Ideh E. L., Okoh A. O.","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2847","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study was aimed at investigating the nutritive composition and bioactive compounds in the methanol extracts of root and stem of Tephoresia vogelii.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Samples were collected in K- Vom community in Jos, Plateau state Nigeria between April and May 2023.\u0000Methodology: Sample extractions were carried out using maceration method. phytochemical screening and nutritive composition were carried out using standard methods while the bioactive compounds were detected using GC-MS technique. Phytochemicals were ascertained based on molecular weights (m/z) acquired from GC-MS chromatograms. Phytocompounds were established through interpretation of spectral peaks and comparing data with stored databases from the National Institute Standard and Technique (NIST) library.\u0000Results: The extracts had variable percentage yield with methanol root extract having the highest (3.80%). The results of the phytochemical screening showed the presence and absence of some phytochemicals while the proximate composition varied significantly (P=0.002). The moisture content was in the range of (6.75 to 9.50%), protein (8.99 to 11.56%), crude fiber (2.00 to 7.33%), fat content (47.33 to 51.06%), ash content (15.80 to 17.60%) and carbohydrate (8.33 to 13.84%) in the methanol extracts of the root and stem. Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry, (GC-MS) determined some specific phytocompounds in the extracts, GC-MS analysis furnished a combined total of 14 phytocompounds in the two extracts with unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids being the major families detected.\u0000Conclusion: The extracts upon analysis revealed high potential for a vast number of bioactive compounds which justifies its use for various ailments by traditional practitioners. Phytochemical components identified in this study advocate the presence of ethnomedical and phytopharmaceutical versality of each of the extracts which could be used in the therapeutic drug formulation studies.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2846
Md. Shaharul Islam, Md. Samiul Bari Avick, Jahangir Hossain, M. S. Alam, Md. Helal Uddin
The use of ultrasound was found to be a very suitable and effective method for the degradation of hazardous dyestuffs. The degradation of dye molecules in aqueous media in the presence of various additives by ultrasonic irradiation was investigated in order to clarify the degradation mechanism. In this investigation, Methylene Blue (MB) has been used as a representative of azo dye and inorganic salts like NaCl and Na2SO4 were used as additives. Besides degradation in presence of CCl4 and H2O2 solutions were observed. ZnO nanoparticle was also used for the investigation of degradation. The volume of all solutions was 100ml containing 25mg/L of MB. The sonication of dye molecules were conducted for 0, 5, 15, 25 minutes. The degradation mechanism was discussed in details adopting UV- visible spectra. From the experiments it is clear that the acidic condition is favorable for dye degradation. Evaluating the results we have also found that all additives aided the degradation comparatively higher or lower the extent depending on their used amount in solution. So, it is a clear indication that azo dyes from waste water can be efficiently removed by using sonochemical irradiation method under acidic condition
{"title":"Sonochemical Analysis of Methylene Blue with Additives and ZnO Nanoparticles in Aqueous Medium","authors":"Md. Shaharul Islam, Md. Samiul Bari Avick, Jahangir Hossain, M. S. Alam, Md. Helal Uddin","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i2846","url":null,"abstract":"The use of ultrasound was found to be a very suitable and effective method for the degradation of hazardous dyestuffs. The degradation of dye molecules in aqueous media in the presence of various additives by ultrasonic irradiation was investigated in order to clarify the degradation mechanism. In this investigation, Methylene Blue (MB) has been used as a representative of azo dye and inorganic salts like NaCl and Na2SO4 were used as additives. Besides degradation in presence of CCl4 and H2O2 solutions were observed. ZnO nanoparticle was also used for the investigation of degradation. The volume of all solutions was 100ml containing 25mg/L of MB. The sonication of dye molecules were conducted for 0, 5, 15, 25 minutes. The degradation mechanism was discussed in details adopting UV- visible spectra. From the experiments it is clear that the acidic condition is favorable for dye degradation. Evaluating the results we have also found that all additives aided the degradation comparatively higher or lower the extent depending on their used amount in solution. So, it is a clear indication that azo dyes from waste water can be efficiently removed by using sonochemical irradiation method under acidic condition","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"121 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1845
A. Nurudeen, F. O. Nwosu, M. Soliu
In this work, the effects of heat on plastic waste (PET plastic bottles) were investigated. During thermogravimetric analysis, the kinetics of the PET pyrolysis was studied using a combination of model-fitting and model-free methods. About 12mg of the grinded PET sample was weighed into the ceramic crucible and then heated from temperature of 30 °C to 950 °C at two heating rates of 10°C/min and 20°C /min. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the decomposition of plastic waste in a Nitrogen atmosphere can be divided into three stages: the minor loss stage (100°C), the major loss stage (450–520°C) and the stable loss stage (500–900°C). The corresponding weight loss at two different heating rates of 10°C/min and 20°C /min were determined to of 70% and 77.7% respectively. Based on R2 (regression coefficient) values, heating rate of 20oC/min gave the values (0.9279) for the model free method employed (KAS model). When compared to the model fitting, 0.75th order of reaction gave the closest R2 value (0.9643) which also translated to a very close Activation energies of 264 KJ/mol and 255 KJ/mol respectively. All in all, it can be deduced that the activation energy of PET pyrolysis falls within 250 – 280 KJ/mol based on this study. Also, X-Ray Diffraction and Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis were carried out. The narrow and high nature of the XRD peaks depicted that the sample is crystalline. And lastly, DSC analysis investigated the heat flowing in and out of the PET sample. The exodermal (where cold re-crystallization occurred) and endothermal (where melting occur) peaks were recorded as 165oC and 138oC respectively. It is recommended that other model-free and model-fitting methods should be invested in further research in order to generate a wide range of data for kinetics of PET.
这项工作研究了热量对塑料废弃物（PET 塑料瓶）的影响。在热重分析过程中，采用模型拟合和无模型相结合的方法研究了 PET 的热解动力学。称取约 12 毫克磨碎的 PET 样品放入陶瓷坩埚中，然后以 10°C/min 和 20°C/min 两种加热速率从 30°C 升温至 950°C。 热重分析表明，废塑料在氮气环境中的分解可分为三个阶段：轻微损耗阶段（100°C）、主要损耗阶段（450-520°C）和稳定损耗阶段（500-900°C）。在 10°C/min 和 20°C /min 两种不同的加热速率下，相应的失重率分别为 70% 和 77.7%。根据 R2（回归系数）值，采用无模型方法（KAS 模型）时，20°C/min 的加热速率得出的值为（0.9279）。与模型拟合相比，0.75阶反应给出了最接近的 R2 值（0.9643），这也意味着活化能非常接近，分别为 264 KJ/mol 和 255 KJ/mol。总之，根据这项研究可以推断出 PET 高温分解的活化能在 250-280 KJ/mol 之间。此外，还进行了 X 射线衍射和差示扫描量热分析。X 射线衍射峰的窄而高的性质表明样品是结晶的。最后，差示扫描量热分析研究了进出 PET 样品的热量。记录到的外皮峰（发生冷再结晶）和内热峰（发生熔化）分别为 165 摄氏度和 138 摄氏度。建议在进一步研究中采用其他无模型和模型拟合方法，以生成 PET 动力学的各种数据。
{"title":"Kinetic Studies of Effects of Heat on PET Plastics: TGA, DTA, XRD and DSC Analysis","authors":"A. Nurudeen, F. O. Nwosu, M. Soliu","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1845","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the effects of heat on plastic waste (PET plastic bottles) were investigated. During thermogravimetric analysis, the kinetics of the PET pyrolysis was studied using a combination of model-fitting and model-free methods. About 12mg of the grinded PET sample was weighed into the ceramic crucible and then heated from temperature of 30 °C to 950 °C at two heating rates of 10°C/min and 20°C /min. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the decomposition of plastic waste in a Nitrogen atmosphere can be divided into three stages: the minor loss stage (100°C), the major loss stage (450–520°C) and the stable loss stage (500–900°C). The corresponding weight loss at two different heating rates of 10°C/min and 20°C /min were determined to of 70% and 77.7% respectively. Based on R2 (regression coefficient) values, heating rate of 20oC/min gave the values (0.9279) for the model free method employed (KAS model). When compared to the model fitting, 0.75th order of reaction gave the closest R2 value (0.9643) which also translated to a very close Activation energies of 264 KJ/mol and 255 KJ/mol respectively. All in all, it can be deduced that the activation energy of PET pyrolysis falls within 250 – 280 KJ/mol based on this study. Also, X-Ray Diffraction and Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis were carried out. The narrow and high nature of the XRD peaks depicted that the sample is crystalline. And lastly, DSC analysis investigated the heat flowing in and out of the PET sample. The exodermal (where cold re-crystallization occurred) and endothermal (where melting occur) peaks were recorded as 165oC and 138oC respectively. It is recommended that other model-free and model-fitting methods should be invested in further research in order to generate a wide range of data for kinetics of PET.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1844
Md. Sazu Ahamed, Md. Shawan Ali, Shanawaz Ahmed, Sumaiya Islam Sadia, Md. Rockibul Islam, Md. Ashikur Rahaman, Md. Ashraful Alam
Natural silver nanoparticles are currently being used innovatively by a unique simple route. Different bio-mediated fruit peel extracts were used to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and explore the synthesis of environmentally friendly aspects. To produce biodegradable AgNPs various bio-mediated fruit peel extracts function as reducing and capping agents in the synthesis route. It was discovered that several fruit peel extracts act as a capping agent and silver ions (Ag+ to Ag0). Due to reduction, the reaction changes the hydrogel's distinctive hue to a reddish-brown appearance. UV-visible spectra of the AgNPs showed a distinctive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak around 460.0 nm. Using X-ray diffraction, the crystallographic nature was discovered with brags diffraction. FT-IR confirmed silver ions function as a capping and reducing agent from peel extract. The transmission electron microscope confirmed that the average size of the nanoparticles was below 100.0 nm and internal morphology. These nanoparticles' ability to combat bacteria, algae and fungi was also well investigated. This manuscript highlights the different bio-mediated and peal extracts that are efficient in producing AgNPs and their function for promising antimicrobial activity.
{"title":"Synthesis of Silver Nanomaterials Capping by Fruit-mediated Extracts and Antimicrobial Activity: A Critical Review","authors":"Md. Sazu Ahamed, Md. Shawan Ali, Shanawaz Ahmed, Sumaiya Islam Sadia, Md. Rockibul Islam, Md. Ashikur Rahaman, Md. Ashraful Alam","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1844","url":null,"abstract":"Natural silver nanoparticles are currently being used innovatively by a unique simple route. Different bio-mediated fruit peel extracts were used to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and explore the synthesis of environmentally friendly aspects. To produce biodegradable AgNPs various bio-mediated fruit peel extracts function as reducing and capping agents in the synthesis route. It was discovered that several fruit peel extracts act as a capping agent and silver ions (Ag+ to Ag0). Due to reduction, the reaction changes the hydrogel's distinctive hue to a reddish-brown appearance. UV-visible spectra of the AgNPs showed a distinctive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak around 460.0 nm. Using X-ray diffraction, the crystallographic nature was discovered with brags diffraction. FT-IR confirmed silver ions function as a capping and reducing agent from peel extract. The transmission electron microscope confirmed that the average size of the nanoparticles was below 100.0 nm and internal morphology. These nanoparticles' ability to combat bacteria, algae and fungi was also well investigated. This manuscript highlights the different bio-mediated and peal extracts that are efficient in producing AgNPs and their function for promising antimicrobial activity.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1843
João Rufino de Freitas Filho, J. C. R. Freitas, Juliano Carlo Rufino Freitas, M. Belian, Claudio Augusto Gomes da Camara, Pedro Ramos de Souza Neto, Alécia Regina Andresa Silva, Alex Sandro Nascimento da Silva Filho, Alice Mariana Souza de Almeida, Jonatas Tavares da Silva, Mirian Luzinete da Silva, Anne Gabrielle Marques da Silva, Marcilio Martins de Moraes, Clécio Souza Ramos, Ronaldo Nascimentos de Oliveira
Determination of the stereochemistry of the stereocenter from the aglyconic part of carbohydrates is always one of the most important tasks for chemistry carbohydrates researchers. The absolute configuration (AC), a challenge for synthetic chemists, has attracted much attention. During the past few decades, many techniques and approaches have been developed to determine the AC of carbohydrates, including methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electronic and vibrational circular dichroism (ECD and VCD), Raman optical activity (ROA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) utilizing anisotropic effects of chiral derivatizing agents, and quantum chemical calculations. On the other hand, none of the currently applied techniques can dominate AC determination, since they each have their respective limitations corresponding to the different structural features. This review summarizes most of the techniques and methods commonly used in AC assignment of carbohydrates (but specifically glycosides), in the last decades (2000-2023). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
从碳水化合物的缩醛部分确定立体中心的立体化学结构一直是碳水化合物化学研究人员最重要的任务之一。绝对构型（AC）是合成化学家面临的一项挑战，备受关注。在过去的几十年里，人们开发了许多技术和方法来确定碳水化合物的绝对构型，包括 X 射线衍射（XRD）、电子和振动圆二色性（ECD 和 VCD）、拉曼光谱（ROA）、利用手性衍生剂各向异性效应的核磁共振（NMR）以及量子化学计算等方法。另一方面，目前应用的所有技术都无法主导交流电测定，因为它们都有各自的局限性，与不同的结构特征相对应。本综述总结了过去几十年（2000-2023 年）在碳水化合物（特别是苷类）AC 定义中常用的大多数技术和方法。图表摘要
{"title":"Absolute Configuration Determination of Sugar: A Review of the Different Methods","authors":"João Rufino de Freitas Filho, J. C. R. Freitas, Juliano Carlo Rufino Freitas, M. Belian, Claudio Augusto Gomes da Camara, Pedro Ramos de Souza Neto, Alécia Regina Andresa Silva, Alex Sandro Nascimento da Silva Filho, Alice Mariana Souza de Almeida, Jonatas Tavares da Silva, Mirian Luzinete da Silva, Anne Gabrielle Marques da Silva, Marcilio Martins de Moraes, Clécio Souza Ramos, Ronaldo Nascimentos de Oliveira","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1843","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of the stereochemistry of the stereocenter from the aglyconic part of carbohydrates is always one of the most important tasks for chemistry carbohydrates researchers. The absolute configuration (AC), a challenge for synthetic chemists, has attracted much attention. During the past few decades, many techniques and approaches have been developed to determine the AC of carbohydrates, including methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electronic and vibrational circular dichroism (ECD and VCD), Raman optical activity (ROA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) utilizing anisotropic effects of chiral derivatizing agents, and quantum chemical calculations. On the other hand, none of the currently applied techniques can dominate AC determination, since they each have their respective limitations corresponding to the different structural features. This review summarizes most of the techniques and methods commonly used in AC assignment of carbohydrates (but specifically glycosides), in the last decades (2000-2023). \u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT \u0000","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1843
João Rufino de Freitas Filho, J. C. R. Freitas, Juliano Carlo Rufino Freitas, M. Belian, Claudio Augusto Gomes da Camara, Pedro Ramos de Souza Neto, Alécia Regina Andresa Silva, Alex Sandro Nascimento da Silva Filho, Alice Mariana Souza de Almeida, Jonatas Tavares da Silva, Mirian Luzinete da Silva, Anne Gabrielle Marques da Silva, Marcilio Martins de Moraes, Clécio Souza Ramos, Ronaldo Nascimentos de Oliveira
Determination of the stereochemistry of the stereocenter from the aglyconic part of carbohydrates is always one of the most important tasks for chemistry carbohydrates researchers. The absolute configuration (AC), a challenge for synthetic chemists, has attracted much attention. During the past few decades, many techniques and approaches have been developed to determine the AC of carbohydrates, including methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electronic and vibrational circular dichroism (ECD and VCD), Raman optical activity (ROA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) utilizing anisotropic effects of chiral derivatizing agents, and quantum chemical calculations. On the other hand, none of the currently applied techniques can dominate AC determination, since they each have their respective limitations corresponding to the different structural features. This review summarizes most of the techniques and methods commonly used in AC assignment of carbohydrates (but specifically glycosides), in the last decades (2000-2023). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
从碳水化合物的缩醛部分确定立体中心的立体化学结构一直是碳水化合物化学研究人员最重要的任务之一。绝对构型（AC）是合成化学家面临的一项挑战，备受关注。在过去的几十年里，人们开发了许多技术和方法来确定碳水化合物的绝对构型，包括 X 射线衍射（XRD）、电子和振动圆二色性（ECD 和 VCD）、拉曼光谱（ROA）、利用手性衍生剂各向异性效应的核磁共振（NMR）以及量子化学计算等方法。另一方面，目前应用的所有技术都无法主导交流电测定，因为它们都有各自的局限性，与不同的结构特征相对应。本综述总结了过去几十年（2000-2023 年）在碳水化合物（特别是苷类）AC 定义中常用的大多数技术和方法。图表摘要
{"title":"Absolute Configuration Determination of Sugar: A Review of the Different Methods","authors":"João Rufino de Freitas Filho, J. C. R. Freitas, Juliano Carlo Rufino Freitas, M. Belian, Claudio Augusto Gomes da Camara, Pedro Ramos de Souza Neto, Alécia Regina Andresa Silva, Alex Sandro Nascimento da Silva Filho, Alice Mariana Souza de Almeida, Jonatas Tavares da Silva, Mirian Luzinete da Silva, Anne Gabrielle Marques da Silva, Marcilio Martins de Moraes, Clécio Souza Ramos, Ronaldo Nascimentos de Oliveira","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1843","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of the stereochemistry of the stereocenter from the aglyconic part of carbohydrates is always one of the most important tasks for chemistry carbohydrates researchers. The absolute configuration (AC), a challenge for synthetic chemists, has attracted much attention. During the past few decades, many techniques and approaches have been developed to determine the AC of carbohydrates, including methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electronic and vibrational circular dichroism (ECD and VCD), Raman optical activity (ROA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) utilizing anisotropic effects of chiral derivatizing agents, and quantum chemical calculations. On the other hand, none of the currently applied techniques can dominate AC determination, since they each have their respective limitations corresponding to the different structural features. This review summarizes most of the techniques and methods commonly used in AC assignment of carbohydrates (but specifically glycosides), in the last decades (2000-2023). \u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT \u0000","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139864416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1842
K. E. Ttaib, A. Benhmid
Here we investigate the electrolytic deposition of copper and copper nano composites in the absence and the presence of two types of surfactants: cationic which is sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and the other type is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) from a solution of the metal chloride salt in ethylene glycol–choline chloride based eutectics. The SEM images and EDAX analysis allow in situ quantification or particulate inclusion. It is quite interesting to perceive that the composition of composite material was strongly dependent on the amount of species suspended in solution. Again the data here has revealed that the majority of material was dragged onto the surface rather than settling on to it. The distribution of the composite material was found to be even throughout the coating. This technology is important because it facilitates deposition of bright copper coatings without co-ligands such as cyanide which is not friendly environment.
{"title":"The Study of the Effect of Surfactants on Copper Codeposition with SiC Nano Particulate from Deep Eutectic Solvent Ionic Liquids (Ethaline)","authors":"K. E. Ttaib, A. Benhmid","doi":"10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1842","url":null,"abstract":"Here we investigate the electrolytic deposition of copper and copper nano composites in the absence and the presence of two types of surfactants: cationic which is sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and the other type is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) from a solution of the metal chloride salt in ethylene glycol–choline chloride based eutectics. The SEM images and EDAX analysis allow in situ quantification or particulate inclusion. It is quite interesting to perceive that the composition of composite material was strongly dependent on the amount of species suspended in solution. Again the data here has revealed that the majority of material was dragged onto the surface rather than settling on to it. The distribution of the composite material was found to be even throughout the coating. This technology is important because it facilitates deposition of bright copper coatings without co-ligands such as cyanide which is not friendly environment.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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