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A Comparison of the Performance of Saltwater Electrolytic Cell Battery with Zinc-Copper and Aluminum-copper Electrodes 使用锌-铜电极和铝-铜电极的盐水电解电池性能比较
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i1841
Larry Angelo R. Cañete
Electrical energy is used to drive a non-spontaneous redox reaction in an electrolytic cell battery, which is composed of an electrochemical cell. The process of breaking down chemical compounds through electrolysis is frequently utilized, and it is derived from the Greek word lysis, which means to disintegrate. The electrolytic cell is composed of an electrolyte, two electrodes (one cathode and one anode), and three other components. Water or other solvents are typically used to make an electrolyte, which is a solution that contains dissolved ions. The purpose of this study is to test, analyze, and construct an electrolytic cell battery using various electrolytic solutions, salt-water concentrations, and the integration of fuel cells and electrodes. The research is designed to be experimental and relies on descriptive analysis to assess it. The design focused on the finding the optimal combination of electrode limited to zinc, copper, and aluminum (soda can), different electrolyte, type of connection of the fuel cells and the different concentration of saline solution used in order to provide optimum energy output. According to the data gathered and analyzed, the Zinc-Copper electrode produces an average voltage of 0.705 V per cell. Saltwater electrolyte produces the most effective results based on its cost effectiveness. When saline solution is 30% concentrated, the optimal voltage output is achieved, and fuel cells perform their best when connected in series. Using this parameter, twenty fuel cells are constructed that can produce 14.10 V without any load. The voltage was 7.57 V and the current was 1.1 A when connected to a DC lighting load that has a 12V power supply.
在由电化学电池组成的电解池电池中,电能被用来驱动非自发的氧化还原反应。通过电解分解化合物的过程经常被使用,它源于希腊语 lysis,意思是分解。电解池由电解质、两个电极(一个阴极和一个阳极)以及其他三个部件组成。水或其他溶剂通常用来制作电解质,电解质是一种含有溶解离子的溶液。本研究的目的是利用各种电解溶液、盐水浓度以及燃料电池和电极的整合,测试、分析和构建电解电池。研究设计为实验性,依靠描述性分析进行评估。设计的重点是找到仅限于锌、铜和铝(苏打罐)的电极、不同的电解液、燃料电池的连接类型以及所使用的不同浓度的盐水的最佳组合,以提供最佳的能量输出。根据收集和分析的数据,锌铜电极每个电池产生的平均电压为 0.705 V。盐水电解液的成本效益最高。当盐水溶液浓度为 30% 时,可达到最佳电压输出,燃料电池串联时性能最佳。利用这一参数,构建的 20 个燃料电池可在无任何负载的情况下产生 14.10 V 的电压。当连接到 12V 电源的直流照明负载时,电压为 7.57 V,电流为 1.1 A。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Activated Rice Husk for Adsorptive Bleaching of Groundnut Oil: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Study 活性稻壳在花生油吸附漂白中的应用:动力学、平衡和热力学研究
Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i6840
Dallacoasta Iyayosa Andrea, Abdullahi Abdulsalam, A. A. Aboje, Oluwatosin Sarafa Azeez
Kinetic, equilibrium and, thermodynamic studies of the bleaching of crude groundnut oil at optimized conditions were carried out using activated rice husk as an adsorbent for the bleaching process. The efficiency of bleaching was estimated by measuring the absorbance using a double- beam spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 450nm. The effects of adsorbent dosage, bleaching temperature and, contact time on the bleaching efficiency were studied. A directly proportional relationship was found between dosage and contact time and the bleaching efficiency while a bell curve was discovered for temperature increase. The surface area of the rice husk increased from 150.32 to 1450.32 m2/g while the pore volume decreased from 0.15524 to 0.12844 cm3/g after activation which was determined via a Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis and the results further validated by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images obtained. The kinetic data of the bleaching process were best described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model while the equilibrium adsorption isotherm analysis showed that the results from the Temkin isotherm were the most significant. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorptive bleaching process is feasible, spontaneous and, exothermic with a decrease in entropy. The enthalpy value also showed that the adsorption process is predominantly physisorption. This study has revealed that an effective adsorbent can be produced from rice husks under optimized process conditions.
使用活性稻壳作为漂白过程的吸附剂,在优化条件下对粗花生油的漂白过程进行了动力学、平衡和热力学研究。通过使用波长为 450nm 的双光束分光光度计测量吸光度来估算漂白效率。研究了吸附剂用量、漂白温度和接触时间对漂白效率的影响。结果发现,用量、接触时间与漂白效率之间呈正比关系,而温度升高则呈钟形曲线。活化后稻壳的表面积从 150.32 m2/g 增加到 1450.32 m2/g,而孔隙体积则从 0.15524 cm3/g 减少到 0.12844 cm3/g。漂白过程的动力学数据用伪二阶动力学模型进行了最佳描述,而平衡吸附等温线分析表明,Temkin 等温线的结果最为显著。热力学研究表明,吸附漂白过程是可行的、自发的和放热的,且熵值降低。焓值也表明,吸附过程主要是物理吸附。这项研究表明,在优化的工艺条件下,可以利用稻壳生产出有效的吸附剂。
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引用次数: 0
A Review on Preparation Techniques of Charge Transport Layer for Organic and Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells 有机和无机 Perovskite 太阳能电池电荷传输层制备技术综述
Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i6839
A. S. Yusuf, A. Ramalan, A. A. Abubakar
The fascinating behavior of charge transport layer in organic and inorganic perovskite solar cells has piqued the interest of designers of semiconductor SnO2 nanoparticles (PSC). The goal of this research is to look at several techniques for manufacturing SnO2 films for use as charge transport layers in PSC. To comprehend the link between the attribute of nanostructured SnO2 films and the efficiency of solar cells, special attention is devoted to the production and properties of the SnO2 thin films. The spin-coating deposition of SnO2 nano fluids generated via surface modification of nano-colloids composed of SnO2 has been one of the key techniques for obtaining SnO2 layers. It has also been reported that preparing SnO2 nanoparticles using Tin (IV) salts results in a high-quality SnO2 film. Light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of about 25.5% has been claimed in many PSC papers [1]. One benefit of adopting SnO2 materials is that they have substantially greater conductivity than TiO2. This work also discusses the production of SnO2 nanoparticles, a different method of generating SnO2 charge transport materials that may be accomplished by the process of freeze-drying precursors known as Tin (IV). SnO2 crystal formation may be regulated at temperatures as low as 700C.
有机和无机过氧化物太阳能电池中电荷传输层的奇妙行为激发了半导体二氧化锰纳米粒子(PSC)设计者的兴趣。本研究的目的是探讨在 PSC 中用作电荷传输层的二氧化锡薄膜的几种制造技术。为了理解纳米结构二氧化锡薄膜的属性与太阳能电池效率之间的联系,本研究特别关注二氧化锡薄膜的生产和特性。通过对二氧化锡组成的纳米胶体进行表面改性而产生的二氧化锡纳米流体的旋涂沉积一直是获得二氧化锡层的关键技术之一。另据报道,使用锡(IV)盐制备二氧化锡纳米粒子可获得高质量的二氧化锡薄膜。许多 PSC 论文[1]都声称光电转换效率约为 25.5%。采用二氧化锡材料的一个好处是,它们的导电率大大高于二氧化钛。这项工作还讨论了 SnO2 纳米粒子的生产,这是生成 SnO2 电荷传输材料的另一种方法,可通过称为锡(IV)的冷冻干燥前体过程来实现。二氧化锡晶体可在低至 700 摄氏度的温度下形成。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Chemical and Impacts of Radionuclides in Borehole Waters in Igbajo Town, Osun State, Nigeria 尼日利亚奥孙州伊格巴乔镇井水中放射性核素的化学性质和影响评估
Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i6838
Fayemi O. S., Giwa A. A., Aderanti A. E., Adenekan A. I., Olorunniyi, A. G.
Water is a universal solvent on earth and sources such as wells, rivers, springs, boreholes, and other freshwater bodies typically serve as a pathway for contaminants to enter the ecosystem while also supplying water for domestic and drinking purposes. The activity concentrations of radionuclides in borehole water in Igbajo town were assessed using gamma-ray spectroscopy, so as to effectively determine the degree of radiological risk to the environment and its inhabitants, the outcomes were used to calculate all the radiological impact parameters. The activity concentrations obtained for 40K, 238U and 232Thranged from 7.25±0.60 to 62.15±4.48Bq.L–1; 3.08±0.45 to 15.24±3.07 Bq.L–1and 1.08±1.10 to 17.75±1.59 Bq.L–1 and with average values of 23.12±1.59 Bq.L–1, 6.27±2.01 Bq.L–1 and 7.01±0.89 Bq.L–1 respectively. The Annual Effective Dose (AED) for ingested radionuclide in drinking water for an adult was1.4872 μSv.yr–1. The Radium Equivalent Activity Index, Raeq obtained was 34.9186 Bq.L–1. The estimated hazard indices Hint and Hext were 0.04876 and 0.06574 respectively. The Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk, ELCR (x10–6) was 5205.15. With a lifetime expectancy of 70 years, this high value suggests that there is a high chance of developing cancer.The value of the Annual Gonadal Equivalent Dose, AGED in the water was 55.9175μSv.yr–1. The estimated Gamma Index, Iγ was0.1273 mSv.yr–1. There is a significant health hazard to the environment and people living in the area owing to the radioactivity contents and radiological impact parameters. Hence, the need for urgent attention and means to prevent hazards which the overdose could cause.
水是地球上普遍存在的溶剂,井、河、泉、井和其他淡水水体通常是污染物进入生态系统的途径,同时也为家庭和饮用水提供水。采用伽玛射线能谱法对Igbajo镇钻孔水中放射性核素活度浓度进行了评价,以有效确定对环境和居民的辐射风险程度,并利用评价结果计算了所有辐射影响参数。40K、238U和232thr0的活性浓度范围为7.25±0.60 ~ 62.15±4.48Bq.L-1;3.08±0.45 ~ 15.24±3.07 Bq。l - 1和1.08±1.10至17.75±1.59 Bq。L-1,平均值为23.12±1.59 Bq。L-1, 6.27±2.01 Bq。L-1和7.01±0.89 Bq。l - 1。成人饮用水中放射性核素的年有效剂量(AED)为1.4872 μ sv . - 1。得到的镭当量活度指数Raeq为34.9186 Bq.L-1。估计的危害指数Hint和ext分别为0.04876和0.06574。超额终身癌症风险,ELCR (x10-6)为5205.15。预期寿命为70岁,这个高数值表明患癌症的几率很高。水中的年性腺当量剂量(AGED)为55.9175μ sv . year - 1。估计γ指数Iγ为0.1273 msv . year - 1。由于放射性含量和辐射影响参数,对该地区的环境和居民的健康构成重大危害。因此,需要紧急关注并采取措施防止过量服用可能造成的危害。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Kinetic Study of the Adsorption Capacity of Walnut Shell and Its Biochar for Chromium Removal from Wastewater 核桃壳及其生物炭去除废水中铬的吸附能力的动力学比较研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i6837
Muhammad Rizwan, Momina, Rimsha Afzal, A. Noor, Iram Shahzadi, Sana Shireen, Rafia Aleem, Mehboob Khan
Chromium is a toxic heavy metal that can pollute water from industrial and agricultural activities. Adsorption is a promising method for removing chromium from wastewater, and walnut shell is a sustainable and abundant biomass that can be used to produce biochar for adsorption. This study compares the effectiveness of walnut shell and walnut shell biochar for chromium removal from wastewater using adsorption. The effects of various parameters on chromium adsorption, such as pH, biochar dosage, and contact time, are investigated. The results show that both walnut shell and walnut shell biochar are effective adsorbents for chromium removal. However, walnut shell biochar exhibits a higher adsorption capacity and faster adsorption kinetics than walnut shell. The findings of this study suggest that walnut shell biochar is a promising adsorbent for chromium removal from wastewater. It is a sustainable and low-cost material that can be used to develop effective and efficient wastewater treatment systems. The kinetics of Cr adsorption will examine using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and adsorption isotherms. The results demonstrated that the adsorption of Cr onto WS and BC followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting chemisorption as the rate-limiting step.
铬是一种有毒的重金属,会污染工业和农业活动产生的水。吸附是一种很有前景的去除废水中铬的方法,而核桃壳是一种可持续的、丰富的生物质,可用来生产用于吸附的生物炭。本研究比较了核桃壳和核桃壳生物炭利用吸附法去除废水中铬的效果。研究了 pH 值、生物炭用量和接触时间等各种参数对铬吸附的影响。结果表明,核桃壳和核桃壳生物炭都是有效的除铬吸附剂。然而,核桃壳生物炭比核桃壳具有更高的吸附容量和更快的吸附动力学。本研究的结果表明,核桃壳生物炭是一种很有前景的吸附剂,可用于去除废水中的铬。它是一种可持续的低成本材料,可用于开发有效和高效的废水处理系统。利用伪一阶、伪二阶和吸附等温线研究了铬的吸附动力学。结果表明,铬在 WS 和 BC 上的吸附遵循伪二阶动力学,表明化学吸附是限速步骤。
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引用次数: 0
Study of Air Pollution by NOx from Petrol Fuels at Four Stations in Dakar–Senegal by Determining Nitrogen Content 用测定氮含量的方法研究达喀尔-塞内加尔四个站点汽油燃料NOx对空气的污染
Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i6836
Amadou Kane, Issa Samb, Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane Ndiaye, Silver Boucar Diouf, Saloly Ndiaye, Seydina Cheikhou Omar Ly, Mohamed Lamine Gaye
NOX emissions are a health hazard, and are increasingly regulated in cars. NOx also contributes to the formation of acid rain and the eutrophication of ecosystems. Nitrogen oxides are a family of molecules including nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These gases are formed in the engine during high-temperature fuel combustion, and play a role in the formation of fine particles in ambient air. In this article, the aim is to determine the nitrogen content of gasoline samples taken at four gasoline stations of the most representative groups in terms of distribution of light petroleum products in order to assess the environmental impact due to greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the use of gasoline by vehicles and to reduce the nitrogen content in the form of nitrogen oxides NOx. After an introduction, we presented the material and the method used, followed by the results of our analyses and a discussion of the results obtained before concluding.
氮氧化物的排放对健康有害,在汽车中受到越来越多的管制。氮氧化物还有助于酸雨的形成和生态系统的富营养化。氮氧化物是包括一氧化氮(NO)和二氧化氮(NO2)在内的一系列分子。这些气体是在发动机高温燃料燃烧过程中形成的,并在环境空气中形成细颗粒。在这篇文章中,目的是确定在四个最具代表性的加油站的汽油样品的氮含量,在轻油产品的分布方面,以评估由于车辆使用汽油产生的温室气体排放对环境的影响,并减少氮氧化物NOx形式的氮含量。在介绍之后,我们介绍了材料和使用的方法,然后是我们的分析结果,并在总结之前讨论了所获得的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Compositions of Rice Bran as a Potential Animal Feed 作为潜在动物饲料的米糠的营养和抗营养成分
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i6835
Shehu Isah, Joe Okosun
Rice bran, a byproduct of rice milling, is a valuable ingredient in animal feed formulations, particularly poultry feed, due to its high energy content, nutritional benefits, and ability to meet bird protein requirements. Rice bran, analyzed according to AOAC standards, is rich in energy, protein, and minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and potassium, essential for poultry health. Its high-fat profile, with higher unsaturated fatty acids, has positive effects on poultry health, including improved egg quality, enhanced immune function, and reduced disease incidence. Rice bran has a moisture content of 4.3338% and a crude fibre content of 16.3675%. It has a total ash content of 18.8126% and a crude fat content of 12.0354%, 12.3676%, and 12.6180%. The compositions of rice bran were compared favourably to commercial feed formulations for starter, grower, and finisher meals. The crude fat content is 12.0354%, 12.3676%, and 12.6180%, while the crude protein content is 26.2688%, 27.5813%, and 21.8906%. The carbohydrate contents are 41.2677%, 41.8456% and 49.4032% and the total ash content was measured at 10.4377%, 6.3672% and 4.4905%. The rice bran's trace mineral composition includes calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, and copper. Heavy metals like lead and cadmium are below the detection limit of the M5 Thermo Scientific atomic absorption Spectrometer. The anti-nutrient composition includes anthraquinones, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and phytic acid. Rice bran in poultry feed formulations enhances nutritional needs and outperforms commercial feeds. In addition, to increase nutrient availability, it is necessary to add a phytase enzyme in order to break down phytic acid.
米糠是碾米的副产品,由于其高能量含量、营养价值和满足鸟类蛋白质需求的能力,是动物饲料配方中的一种宝贵成分,特别是家禽饲料。根据AOAC标准分析,米糠富含能量、蛋白质和钙、磷、钾等矿物质,对家禽健康至关重要。它的高脂肪外形,含有较高的不饱和脂肪酸,对家禽健康有积极的影响,包括改善蛋品质,增强免疫功能,降低疾病发病率。 米糠含水量为4.3338%,粗纤维含量为16.3675%。总灰分含量为18.8126%,粗脂肪含量分别为12.0354%、12.3676%和12.6180%。将米糠组成与用于发酵剂、生长剂和育肥剂的商业饲料配方进行了比较。粗脂肪含量分别为12.0354%、12.3676%和12.6180%,粗蛋白质含量分别为26.2688%、27.5813%和21.8906%。碳水化合物含量分别为41.2677%、41.8456%和49.4032%,总灰分含量分别为10.4377%、6.3672%和4.4905%。米糠的微量矿物质成分包括钙、镁、钾、磷、钠、铁和铜。铅和镉等重金属低于M5热科学原子吸收光谱仪的检测极限。抗营养成分包括蒽醌类、酚类、单宁类、皂苷类和植酸。家禽饲料配方中的米糠提高了营养需求,优于商业饲料。此外,为了提高养分利用率,有必要添加植酸酶以分解植酸。
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 Rice bran has a moisture content of 4.3338% and a crude fibre content of 16.3675%. It has a total ash content of 18.8126% and a crude fat content of 12.0354%, 12.3676%, and 12.6180%. The compositions of rice bran were compared favourably to commercial feed formulations for starter, grower, and finisher meals. The crude fat content is 12.0354%, 12.3676%, and 12.6180%, while the crude protein content is 26.2688%, 27.5813%, and 21.8906%. The carbohydrate contents are 41.2677%, 41.8456% and 49.4032% and the total ash content was measured at 10.4377%, 6.3672% and 4.4905%.
 The rice bran's trace mineral composition includes calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, and copper. Heavy metals like lead and cadmium are below the detection limit of the M5 Thermo Scientific atomic absorption Spectrometer. The anti-nutrient composition includes anthraquinones, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and phytic acid.
 Rice bran in poultry feed formulations enhances nutritional needs and outperforms commercial feeds. In addition, to increase nutrient availability, it is necessary to add a phytase enzyme in order to break down phytic acid.","PeriodicalId":14371,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Removal of Heavy Metals from Waste Water by Using Bi-Mg Bimetallic Nanoparticles Incorporated with Orange Peels 双金属纳米颗粒与橘皮复合去除废水中重金属的研究
Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i5834
Ishrat Fatima, Nida Yasmeen, None Momina, Muhammad Irfan, Inam Ullah, Rimsha Afzal, Ayesha Noor, Aneela Shaheen
Plant-mediated synthesis of the nanoparticles has attracted significant interest because of their biocompatible properties. Bimetallic nanoparticles comprise two different types of metals that play a significant role in wastewater. Bimetallic nanoparticles possess a greater surface area, increasing their adsorption than monometallic nanoparticles. In this study, synthesis and the adsorption behaviour of Bi-Mg bimetallic nanoparticles and their removal efficiency toward heavy metals (cadmium, lead, zinc) from wastewater is observed. Synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles by natural resources (plant extract) is more significant than conventional methods because they are environment friendly, reliable, nontoxic and least expensive. Plant extract obtained from biomass wastes like roots, flowers, leaves and fruit peels is composed of novel secondary metabolites like terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids that act as stabilizing and reducing agents. Different techniques like SEM, EDX and XRD were used to analyze the morphology, composition and size of synthesized nanoparticles. The removal of heavy metals depends on the pH, dosage of adsorbent and initial concentration of the metals. The results showed that the plant-mediated synthesized nanoparticles could act as an efficient adsorbent to remove heavy metals from wastewater.
由于其生物相容性,植物介导的纳米颗粒合成引起了人们的极大兴趣。双金属纳米颗粒由两种不同类型的金属组成,在废水中起着重要作用。双金属纳米粒子比单金属纳米粒子具有更大的表面积,增加了它们的吸附。本文研究了铋镁双金属纳米颗粒的合成、吸附行为及其对废水中重金属(镉、铅、锌)的去除效果。利用自然资源(植物提取物)合成双金属纳米颗粒具有环境友好、可靠、无毒、成本低廉等优点,比传统方法具有更重要的意义。从根、花、叶和果皮等生物质废弃物中提取的植物提取物由萜类、黄酮类和生物碱等新型次生代谢物组成,具有稳定和还原作用。利用SEM、EDX和XRD等不同技术对合成的纳米颗粒进行形貌、组成和尺寸分析。重金属的去除率取决于pH值、吸附剂用量和金属的初始浓度。结果表明,植物介导合成的纳米颗粒可以作为一种高效的吸附剂去除废水中的重金属。
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引用次数: 0
Convenient Method for Synthesis of New Derivatives of (1-(4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-((4-nitrobenzylidene) amino)thiazol-5-yl)ethan-1-one (1-(4-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-((4-硝基苄基)氨基)噻唑-5-基)ethan-1-one新衍生物的简便合成方法
Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i5833
P. M. Sonparote, D. M. Chavhan
The new derivatives of thiazole based Schiff base of (1-(5-(2,3,4-trisubstitutedphenyl)-2-((4-nitrobenzylidene)amino)thiazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one (6) were synthesized by the treatment of 1-(2-amino-5-(2,3,4-trisubstitutedphenyl)thiazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one (4) and corresponding substituted benzaldehyde (5) in low cost easily available non flammable stable and ecofriendly solvent Polyethylene glycol-400 solvent medium. The reactions were performed in the good yield and less time. The structures of all synthesized compounds were established on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, NMR and Mass spectral data.
以1-(2-氨基-5-(2,3,4-三取代苯基)噻唑-4-基)乙比1- 1(1-(5-(2,3,4-三取代苯基)噻唑-4-基)乙比1- 1(4-硝基苄基)为原料,在低成本、易获得、不易燃、稳定、环保的聚乙二醇-400溶剂介质中合成了噻唑基希夫碱(1-(5- 2,3,4-三取代苯基)噻唑-4-基)乙比1- 1(6)和相应的取代苯甲醛(5)。该反应产率高,反应时间短。根据元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振和质谱数据确定了所有合成化合物的结构。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment and Health Risks of Glyphosate Residues and Traces Metals Elements in Groundwater Arround Abidjan Region, Côte d’Ivoire 阿比让地区周边地下水中草甘膦残留物和微量金属元素的评估和健康风险,Côte科特迪瓦
Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.9734/irjpac/2023/v24i5832
Béa Gouanda Thibaut, Ouffoué Koffi Sébastien, Yapo Ossey Bernard, Ouattara Lassiné
Hydraulic networks from groundwater are the resources most exploited by the population for their daily needs. These water tables are constantly under pressure from pollution caused by human activities. In the tropical zone, more particularly in Ivory Coast, very few studies have been carried out on glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), glufosinate and metallic trace elements (ETM) in groundwater. This study aims to determine the level of vulnerability of groundwater by these compounds. The study covered the waters of thirteen boreholes with an average depth of 69.26 meters near the Abidjan region (5°25'0" N / 4°1'60" W ) and the analyzes were carried out using the chromatographic method with detection by spectrophotometry. The results revealed the presence of glyphosate in all the samples analyzed at average concentrations of: 0.12±0.02 µg/L (minimum) and 1.9 ±0.1 µg/L (maximum), all higher than the water potability threshold value (0.1 µg/L) defined by the WHO. As for ETM, they are present in these boreholes at high concentrations of: 39±2 µg/L (As), 130±3 µg/L (Pb), 80±1 µg/L (Cu), 73±3 µg /L (Ni), 200±3 µg/L (Zn) at FILTISSAC, 20±2 µg/L (Cr) at Vridi and 21000 ±200 µg/L (S) in the Koumassi borehole. The health risk linked to the consumption of groundwater by the population, according to the mathematical calculation model used, is not acceptable. This study deserves to be conducted throughout the national territory.
地下水水力管网是人们为满足日常需要而开发最多的资源。这些地下水位不断受到人类活动造成的污染的压力。在热带地区,特别是在科特迪瓦,很少对地下水中的草甘膦、氨基甲基膦酸、草铵膦和金属微量元素进行研究。本研究旨在确定这些化合物对地下水的脆弱性程度。研究覆盖了阿比让地区(5°25′0”N / 4°1′60”W)附近13个平均深度为69.26米的钻孔水域,采用色谱法和分光光度法进行分析。结果显示,所有分析样品中草甘膦的平均浓度为:0.12±0.02µg/L(最低)和1.9±0.1µg/L(最高),均高于世界卫生组织规定的饮用水阈值(0.1µg/L)。至于ETM,它们在这些钻孔中以高浓度存在:FILTISSAC的39±2µg/L (As)、130±3µg/L (Pb)、80±1µg/L (Cu)、73±3µg/L (Ni)、200±3µg/L (Zn)、Vridi的20±2µg/L (Cr)和Koumassi的21000±200µg/L (S)。根据所使用的数学计算模型,与人口消耗地下水有关的健康风险是不可接受的。这项研究应该在全国范围内进行。
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引用次数: 0
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International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry
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