Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1902504.1114
G. Rafikova, T. Korshunova, E. Kuzina, O. Loginov
Purpose The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of compositions based on the strains of microorganisms and intended for cow dung processing. Method Cow dung in an amount of 6 kg was placed into fermentation containers. To process the waste, we used microbial compositions. Sampling was performed on the 1st, 5th, 12th, 19th and 29th days. During the experiment, an analysis of microbiological, physicochemical and phytotoxic parameters was carried out. Results The number of micromycetes in the compostable mixture decreased by half compared to the control sample on the 5th day. When treated with microbial compositions at a dose of 25 ml/kg, no Salmonella bacteria was detected in the compostable mixture on the 29th day. In the variants of the experiment with the introduction of microbial compositions, the temperature increased to 45-51°C in a month after the experiment, the humidity decreased to 69%, and the pH of the compostable mixture was set at a neutral level. It was shown that the amount of total nitrogen increased by 7.1-38% when treated with microbial compositions. After 29 days in almost all experimental samples with the introduction of a liquid bacterial culture, the rate of germination and seedling emergence exceeded the growth rate of the control sample. Conclusion The possibility is shown to use the given compositions with bacteria of various functional groups as a basis of biological products for the accelerated processing of organic waste, such as cow dung.
{"title":"Accelerated bioconversion of cow dung into concentrated organic fertilizer using microbial composition","authors":"G. Rafikova, T. Korshunova, E. Kuzina, O. Loginov","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1902504.1114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1902504.1114","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of compositions based on the strains of microorganisms and intended for cow dung processing. Method Cow dung in an amount of 6 kg was placed into fermentation containers. To process the waste, we used microbial compositions. Sampling was performed on the 1st, 5th, 12th, 19th and 29th days. During the experiment, an analysis of microbiological, physicochemical and phytotoxic parameters was carried out. Results The number of micromycetes in the compostable mixture decreased by half compared to the control sample on the 5th day. When treated with microbial compositions at a dose of 25 ml/kg, no Salmonella bacteria was detected in the compostable mixture on the 29th day. In the variants of the experiment with the introduction of microbial compositions, the temperature increased to 45-51°C in a month after the experiment, the humidity decreased to 69%, and the pH of the compostable mixture was set at a neutral level. It was shown that the amount of total nitrogen increased by 7.1-38% when treated with microbial compositions. After 29 days in almost all experimental samples with the introduction of a liquid bacterial culture, the rate of germination and seedling emergence exceeded the growth rate of the control sample. Conclusion The possibility is shown to use the given compositions with bacteria of various functional groups as a basis of biological products for the accelerated processing of organic waste, such as cow dung.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75247777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1898015.1061
A. B. Monteiro, A. L. Bamberg, I. Pereira, Cristiane Mariliz Stöcker, L. C. Timm
Purpose The objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of black wattle seedlings (Acacia mearnsii) grown on substrates with increasing proportions of biochar based on anaerobic sewage sludge (ASS-biochar). In addition, the present study proposed appropriate ranges for the main physical-hydraulic and chemical attributes of these substrates. Method The evaluated substrates included ten substrates with increasing proportions of ASS-biochar, combined with a “standard” mixture (organic compost, carbonized rice husk and vermiculite), in addition to three commercial substrates (references). The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications and eight plants per repetition. The physical-hydraulic and chemical attributes evaluated in all substrate formulations were: wet and dry density, total porosity, aeration space, easily available water, buffering water, available water, remaining water, pH and electrical conductivity (EC). The agronomic performance of the black wattle seedlings was evaluated through plant height, length of the root system, neck diameter, dry mass of aerial parts, dry mass of roots and Dickson's quality index. Results Biochar from anaerobic sewage sludge increased the chemical and physical-hydraulic quality of the substrates, particularly within the proportion of 45-50% of the substrate formulations, and thus positively affected the growth parameters of the black wattle plants. Conclusion The biochar produced from anaerobic sewage sludge is an efficient raw material to compose substrates for the production of seedlings. Transformation of anaerobic sewage sludge into biochar and its combination with other locally available raw materials can be considered a safe way of reusing this residue in agriculture.
{"title":"Agronomic performance and optimal ranges of attributes of substrates with biochar from anaerobic sewage sludge for black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) seedlings","authors":"A. B. Monteiro, A. L. Bamberg, I. Pereira, Cristiane Mariliz Stöcker, L. C. Timm","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1898015.1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1898015.1061","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of black wattle seedlings (Acacia mearnsii) grown on substrates with increasing proportions of biochar based on anaerobic sewage sludge (ASS-biochar). In addition, the present study proposed appropriate ranges for the main physical-hydraulic and chemical attributes of these substrates. Method The evaluated substrates included ten substrates with increasing proportions of ASS-biochar, combined with a “standard” mixture (organic compost, carbonized rice husk and vermiculite), in addition to three commercial substrates (references). The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications and eight plants per repetition. The physical-hydraulic and chemical attributes evaluated in all substrate formulations were: wet and dry density, total porosity, aeration space, easily available water, buffering water, available water, remaining water, pH and electrical conductivity (EC). The agronomic performance of the black wattle seedlings was evaluated through plant height, length of the root system, neck diameter, dry mass of aerial parts, dry mass of roots and Dickson's quality index. Results Biochar from anaerobic sewage sludge increased the chemical and physical-hydraulic quality of the substrates, particularly within the proportion of 45-50% of the substrate formulations, and thus positively affected the growth parameters of the black wattle plants. Conclusion The biochar produced from anaerobic sewage sludge is an efficient raw material to compose substrates for the production of seedlings. Transformation of anaerobic sewage sludge into biochar and its combination with other locally available raw materials can be considered a safe way of reusing this residue in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78808862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1912158.1150
A. VasudhaUdupa, B. Gowda, B. ShivannaM.
Purpose Raw and composted oil-cakes of neem, madhuca and simarouba were evaluated for their effect on plant growth, yield, and management of Alternaria tenuissima leaf spot disease, and rhizosphere microorganisms in chilli crop. Method The oil-cakes were composted in simple pits containing a mixture (6:1:1) of individual oil-cake, soil and rice straw. Growth promotion and disease incidence were assessed in plants grown in soil amended with raw or composted oil-cakes of neem, madhuca and simarouba in pot and field. Rhizosphere microflora was also determined in all treatments. Result Raw oil-cakes and their composts increased plant growth and yield and considerably decreased disease incidence and severity of A. tenuissima leaf spot in chilli grown in pot and field. The composted oil-cakes of simarouba were most effective in improving plant growth and yield and decreasing leaf spot disease in chilli, followed by madhuca and neem oil-cake compost. Fruit yield and vitamin C content were also high in simarouba compost. All composted oil-cakes increased beneficial microbial population in the rhizosphere, including phosphate solubilizers, free-living N2 fixers and Trichoderma species. The compost amendment decreased A. tenuissima population in the soil at the same time. Conclusion The growth promotion, yield increase and disease reduction in chilli were attributed to chemical compounds in oil-cakes and stimulation of beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere by raw or composted oil-cakes. This study demonstrated that composted non-edible oil-cakes could be used for soil amendment in place of agrochemicals to increase productivity, manage soil-borne diseases and improve soil health.
{"title":"Influence of non-edible oil-cakes and their composts on growth, yield and Alternaria leaf spot disease in chilli","authors":"A. VasudhaUdupa, B. Gowda, B. ShivannaM.","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1912158.1150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1912158.1150","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Raw and composted oil-cakes of neem, madhuca and simarouba were evaluated for their effect on plant growth, yield, and management of Alternaria tenuissima leaf spot disease, and rhizosphere microorganisms in chilli crop. Method The oil-cakes were composted in simple pits containing a mixture (6:1:1) of individual oil-cake, soil and rice straw. Growth promotion and disease incidence were assessed in plants grown in soil amended with raw or composted oil-cakes of neem, madhuca and simarouba in pot and field. Rhizosphere microflora was also determined in all treatments. Result Raw oil-cakes and their composts increased plant growth and yield and considerably decreased disease incidence and severity of A. tenuissima leaf spot in chilli grown in pot and field. The composted oil-cakes of simarouba were most effective in improving plant growth and yield and decreasing leaf spot disease in chilli, followed by madhuca and neem oil-cake compost. Fruit yield and vitamin C content were also high in simarouba compost. All composted oil-cakes increased beneficial microbial population in the rhizosphere, including phosphate solubilizers, free-living N2 fixers and Trichoderma species. The compost amendment decreased A. tenuissima population in the soil at the same time. Conclusion The growth promotion, yield increase and disease reduction in chilli were attributed to chemical compounds in oil-cakes and stimulation of beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere by raw or composted oil-cakes. This study demonstrated that composted non-edible oil-cakes could be used for soil amendment in place of agrochemicals to increase productivity, manage soil-borne diseases and improve soil health.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80344768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1923350.1201
G. Faysal, S. Khandaker, Jahid Hasan, M. T. Hossain, G. C. Saha
Purpose This study aims to ascertain the physiochemical characteristics of the compost made from recycled cotton spinning waste (CSW) for Indian Spinach cultivation in Bangladesh. Method The physiochemical characteristics of the compost made of fresh cotton spinning waste (CSW), cotton spinning waste ash (CSWA), rice husk (RH), rice husk ash (RHA) with varying ratios following open air composting method was determined. The utility of the resulting compost was justified by applying it to Indian Spinach cultivation compared with chemical fertilizer and control (no-compost) treatments. Results Among the several composting options, the compost prepared by mixing 87% CSW + 13% CSW ash (C3) and 87% CSW + 13% rice husk (C4) was found to be the quality compost with a higher C/N ratio, P, K, S and a lower Pb content. The vegetative growth, yield and nutritional qualities were significantly affected by the compost characteristics compared to chemical fertilizer because of increased nutrient uptake and biostimulation functions. Moreover, Indian Spinach cultivated with CSW compost provided 64 BDTk. profits compared to 28 BDTk. in case of control that indicates 128% increase in profit for the compost than that of control. Conclusion The compost derived from the mixture of CSW+CSWA+RH+RHA substrates possesses an optimum moisture content (31.2%), pH (7.5), C/N ratio (16.8:1), macronutrients, and micronutrients that enable it to act as an alternative to chemical fertilizer. When it comes to yield and nutrition quality of the grown Indian Spinach, CSW based compost fared much better than chemical fertilizer in field test.
{"title":"Cotton spinning waste as useful compost for organic Indian Spinach (Basella alba ) production in Bangladesh","authors":"G. Faysal, S. Khandaker, Jahid Hasan, M. T. Hossain, G. C. Saha","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1923350.1201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1923350.1201","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This study aims to ascertain the physiochemical characteristics of the compost made from recycled cotton spinning waste (CSW) for Indian Spinach cultivation in Bangladesh. Method The physiochemical characteristics of the compost made of fresh cotton spinning waste (CSW), cotton spinning waste ash (CSWA), rice husk (RH), rice husk ash (RHA) with varying ratios following open air composting method was determined. The utility of the resulting compost was justified by applying it to Indian Spinach cultivation compared with chemical fertilizer and control (no-compost) treatments. Results Among the several composting options, the compost prepared by mixing 87% CSW + 13% CSW ash (C3) and 87% CSW + 13% rice husk (C4) was found to be the quality compost with a higher C/N ratio, P, K, S and a lower Pb content. The vegetative growth, yield and nutritional qualities were significantly affected by the compost characteristics compared to chemical fertilizer because of increased nutrient uptake and biostimulation functions. Moreover, Indian Spinach cultivated with CSW compost provided 64 BDTk. profits compared to 28 BDTk. in case of control that indicates 128% increase in profit for the compost than that of control. Conclusion The compost derived from the mixture of CSW+CSWA+RH+RHA substrates possesses an optimum moisture content (31.2%), pH (7.5), C/N ratio (16.8:1), macronutrients, and micronutrients that enable it to act as an alternative to chemical fertilizer. When it comes to yield and nutrition quality of the grown Indian Spinach, CSW based compost fared much better than chemical fertilizer in field test.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84982692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1922034.1196
Dayanand Sharma, Rajnikant Prasad, B. Patel, C. K. Parashar
Purpose In India, the global contribution of milk and sugarcane production are 21% and 12 to 15%. Dairy and sugarcane industries produce end products as sludge which is directly dumped in open land which pollute the land and groundwater of the nearby areas. The present study was aimed to utilize the vermicomposting technique to treat the sludge generated from these two industries. Method The dairy sludge, sugarcane press mud were homogenously mixed with cattle manure to form five different proportions of waste mixture M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5. The waste mixtures were kept in reactors for 15 days for pre-composting. Once the pre-composting temperature reached to 25 °C, fifty adults Eisenia fetida earthworms with an average weight of 0.4 to 0.5 gram each was introduced into each reactor. Results The highest production of earthworm cocoons was studied in the combinations of M4 and M5. The higher growth of earthworm was observed in M5 (39%) followed by M3 (34%). The germination index and carbon to nitrogen ratio were found to be 100 to 121% and 9 to 11, respectively, along with the negligible carbon dioxide evolution in every combination that revealed the maturity and stability of vermicomposting. Conclusion The vermicompost obtained from the combination of dairy (milk processing unit) and sugarcane industries press mud sludge was rich in nutrients and suitable to utilize as nutrients (fertilizer) for the crops. Vermicomposting can solve the issue of sludge management from these two industries with the utilization of end products as vermicompost.
{"title":"Biotransformation of sludges from dairy and sugarcane industries through vermicomposting using the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida","authors":"Dayanand Sharma, Rajnikant Prasad, B. Patel, C. K. Parashar","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1922034.1196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1922034.1196","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose In India, the global contribution of milk and sugarcane production are 21% and 12 to 15%. Dairy and sugarcane industries produce end products as sludge which is directly dumped in open land which pollute the land and groundwater of the nearby areas. The present study was aimed to utilize the vermicomposting technique to treat the sludge generated from these two industries. \u0000Method The dairy sludge, sugarcane press mud were homogenously mixed with cattle manure to form five different proportions of waste mixture M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5. The waste mixtures were kept in reactors for 15 days for pre-composting. Once the pre-composting temperature reached to 25 °C, fifty adults Eisenia fetida earthworms with an average weight of 0.4 to 0.5 gram each was introduced into each reactor. \u0000Results The highest production of earthworm cocoons was studied in the combinations of M4 and M5. The higher growth of earthworm was observed in M5 (39%) followed by M3 (34%). The germination index and carbon to nitrogen ratio were found to be 100 to 121% and 9 to 11, respectively, along with the negligible carbon dioxide evolution in every combination that revealed the maturity and stability of vermicomposting. \u0000Conclusion The vermicompost obtained from the combination of dairy (milk processing unit) and sugarcane industries press mud sludge was rich in nutrients and suitable to utilize as nutrients (fertilizer) for the crops. Vermicomposting can solve the issue of sludge management from these two industries with the utilization of end products as vermicompost.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77243582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-20DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1923435.1203
Esmaeil Ganji Jamehshooran, K. Khorshidi, Javad Bayat Kouhsar
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different additives on chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, and gas production parameters of tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silages. Method Treatments were: tomato pomace silage, pumpkin waste silage, tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silage mix (50:50), tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silage mix treated with the fibrinolytic enzyme (E), tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silage mix treated with LAB made inoculants (LMI), and tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silage mix treated with E+ LMI. Representatives of samples were packed manually into laboratory silos and allowed to ensile for 1, 3, 7, 21, 45, and 90 days. Results The results showed a significant difference between the experimental treatments in chemical composition (p<0.05). The treatment of pumpkin waste showed the lowest amount of dry matter (DM), insoluble fibers in neutral detergent (NDF), and insoluble fibers in acidic detergent (ADF). The value of crude protein (CP) showed a decreasing trend with increasing time after ensiling. The treatment with bacterial and enzymatic additives had a faster drop in pH and a lower final pH compared to other treatments. Conclusion Compared with the tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silage, treatments E and E + LMI had lower acetic and butyric acid contents. During aerobic exposure, tomato pomace and pumpkin waste had the lowest pH changes in silage. Generally, applying a combination of E and LAB inoculants improved both fermentation quality and aerobic stability of silage.
{"title":"Chemical composition, aerobic stability and fermentation pattern of tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silage using fibrolytic enzymes and lactic acid bacteria","authors":"Esmaeil Ganji Jamehshooran, K. Khorshidi, Javad Bayat Kouhsar","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1923435.1203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1923435.1203","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different additives on chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, and gas production parameters of tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silages. \u0000Method Treatments were: tomato pomace silage, pumpkin waste silage, tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silage mix (50:50), tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silage mix treated with the fibrinolytic enzyme (E), tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silage mix treated with LAB made inoculants (LMI), and tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silage mix treated with E+ LMI. Representatives of samples were packed manually into laboratory silos and allowed to ensile for 1, 3, 7, 21, 45, and 90 days. \u0000Results The results showed a significant difference between the experimental treatments in chemical composition (p<0.05). The treatment of pumpkin waste showed the lowest amount of dry matter (DM), insoluble fibers in neutral detergent (NDF), and insoluble fibers in acidic detergent (ADF). The value of crude protein (CP) showed a decreasing trend with increasing time after ensiling. The treatment with bacterial and enzymatic additives had a faster drop in pH and a lower final pH compared to other treatments. \u0000Conclusion Compared with the tomato pomace and pumpkin waste silage, treatments E and E + LMI had lower acetic and butyric acid contents. During aerobic exposure, tomato pomace and pumpkin waste had the lowest pH changes in silage. Generally, applying a combination of E and LAB inoculants improved both fermentation quality and aerobic stability of silage.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73730644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-17DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1927035.1230
S. M. Bhatti, Muhammad Afzal Kandhro, Z. R. Bughio, I. Rajpar, J. Shah, M. M. Lund, A. Maitlo, H. Bughio
Purpose Shortage, high prices and adverse effects of fertilizers drive to hunt alternative sources (such as compost) for crop husbandry and environment sustainability. A field trial was executed to observe the effect of various composts on growth and macronutrients' concentration in fodder maize (Zea mays L. cv. Akbar). Method The treatments with four repeats included: Control (No amendment), Recommended NPK, Water hyacinth compost, Fruits + vegetables compost, and Banana leaves compost; each compost was supplemented at the rate of 15 tons ha-1. The experimental soil was fine textured (clayey), slightly alkaline in reaction, non-saline, poor in organic matter content, calcareous in nature, low in nitrogen, marginal in phosphorus and adequate in potassium. Results The supplementation of composts and NPK fertilizer significantly increased the growth and yield parameters (plant height up to 26%, number of leaves plant-1 up to 20%, stem girth up to 22%, and fresh weight of maize fodder up to 25%), and the concentrations of selected macronutrients (N up to 46%, P up to 27%, and K up to 38%) in maize leaves with respect to control. There was no significant variation among various compost treatments and NPK fertilizer application for defined parameters, except for P concentration in maize leaves. A significant enhancement in macronutrients' concentrations in surface and subsurface soil, over control plots, has also been observed where inorganic and organic applications were made. Conclusion We conclude that compost should be included in maize husbandry for enhanced productivity and quality and to minimize the dependence on inorganic fertilizers.
肥料的短缺、高价格和不利影响促使人们寻找替代来源(如堆肥)，以实现作物养殖和环境的可持续性。通过田间试验，研究了不同堆肥对饲用玉米(Zea mays L. cv.)生长和大量养分浓度的影响。Akbar)。方法4个重复处理:对照(无改良)、推荐氮磷钾、水葫芦堆肥、果蔬堆肥、香蕉叶堆肥;每种堆肥以15吨/公顷的速度补充。试验土壤质地较细(粘土状)，反应呈微碱性，不含盐，有机质含量低，性质为钙质，氮低，磷微，钾充足。结果与对照相比，添加堆肥和氮磷钾显著提高了玉米叶片的生长和产量参数(株高提高26%，植株-1叶片数提高20%，茎长提高22%，玉米饲料鲜重提高25%)，并显著提高了玉米叶片中所选常量营养素(N提高46%，P提高27%，K提高38%)的浓度。除玉米叶片磷浓度外，不同堆肥处理和氮磷钾施肥对确定参数的影响不显著。在施用无机和有机肥料的地方，表层和地下土壤的宏量营养素浓度也比对照区显著提高。结论为提高玉米产量和质量，减少对无机肥料的依赖，应在玉米养殖中加入堆肥。
{"title":"Relative performance of various composts and NPK fertilizer on upgrowth and quality of fodder maize","authors":"S. M. Bhatti, Muhammad Afzal Kandhro, Z. R. Bughio, I. Rajpar, J. Shah, M. M. Lund, A. Maitlo, H. Bughio","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1927035.1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1927035.1230","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Shortage, high prices and adverse effects of fertilizers drive to hunt alternative sources (such as compost) for crop husbandry and environment sustainability. A field trial was executed to observe the effect of various composts on growth and macronutrients' concentration in fodder maize (Zea mays L. cv. Akbar). \u0000Method The treatments with four repeats included: Control (No amendment), Recommended NPK, Water hyacinth compost, Fruits + vegetables compost, and Banana leaves compost; each compost was supplemented at the rate of 15 tons ha-1. The experimental soil was fine textured (clayey), slightly alkaline in reaction, non-saline, poor in organic matter content, calcareous in nature, low in nitrogen, marginal in phosphorus and adequate in potassium. \u0000Results The supplementation of composts and NPK fertilizer significantly increased the growth and yield parameters (plant height up to 26%, number of leaves plant-1 up to 20%, stem girth up to 22%, and fresh weight of maize fodder up to 25%), and the concentrations of selected macronutrients (N up to 46%, P up to 27%, and K up to 38%) in maize leaves with respect to control. There was no significant variation among various compost treatments and NPK fertilizer application for defined parameters, except for P concentration in maize leaves. A significant enhancement in macronutrients' concentrations in surface and subsurface soil, over control plots, has also been observed where inorganic and organic applications were made. \u0000Conclusion We conclude that compost should be included in maize husbandry for enhanced productivity and quality and to minimize the dependence on inorganic fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83221124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-17DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1901356.1121
John Boateng Nkansah, S. Oduro-Kwarteng, H. Essandoh, Richard Amankwa Kuffuor
Purpose Recycling of food waste fraction of municipal solid waste into compost for use in agriculture is seen as an effective environmentally–friendly option. In developing countries, however, there are few commercial composting facilities producing composts whose use in agriculture is low, mainly due to their low nutrient content compared to chemical fertilizers. Method This study investigated the effect of the food waste (FW) nutrient-amendment ratio on compost quality using amendments such as Cocoa Pod Husk Ash (CPHA), poultry manure (PM), and cow manure (CM). Six treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6) and control were composted for 70 days. Results The total Nitrogen, total Phosphorous, and total Potassium content ranged from 0.96–1.42%, 0.19–0.78%, and 0.86-1.42%, respectively, for the different compost types. In all treatments, the C/N ratio reduced significantly, while concentrations of heavy metals (Pb and Zn) were within the acceptable international limits. Toxicity of composts to cucumber (Cucumis sativus) was ascertained. Germination index (GI) was the highest in T5 (FW amended with PM only) whereas the control (FW only) recorded the least GI. Conclusion This study shows that the use of PM, CM, and CPHA seems to be beneficial for the enrichment of food waste compost.
{"title":"Enhancing food waste compost quality with nutrient amendments","authors":"John Boateng Nkansah, S. Oduro-Kwarteng, H. Essandoh, Richard Amankwa Kuffuor","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1901356.1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1901356.1121","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Recycling of food waste fraction of municipal solid waste into compost for use in agriculture is seen as an effective environmentally–friendly option. In developing countries, however, there are few commercial composting facilities producing composts whose use in agriculture is low, mainly due to their low nutrient content compared to chemical fertilizers. \u0000Method This study investigated the effect of the food waste (FW) nutrient-amendment ratio on compost quality using amendments such as Cocoa Pod Husk Ash (CPHA), poultry manure (PM), and cow manure (CM). Six treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6) and control were composted for 70 days. \u0000Results The total Nitrogen, total Phosphorous, and total Potassium content ranged from 0.96–1.42%, 0.19–0.78%, and 0.86-1.42%, respectively, for the different compost types. In all treatments, the C/N ratio reduced significantly, while concentrations of heavy metals (Pb and Zn) were within the acceptable international limits. Toxicity of composts to cucumber (Cucumis sativus) was ascertained. Germination index (GI) was the highest in T5 (FW amended with PM only) whereas the control (FW only) recorded the least GI. \u0000 Conclusion This study shows that the use of PM, CM, and CPHA seems to be beneficial for the enrichment of food waste compost.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80710110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-17DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1922816.1199
S. Abdeen, M. El-sayed
Purpose Improving physio-chemical properties under irrigation regime by using natural conditioners to achieve the highest possible crop yield and water productivity. Method A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replicates by addition of canal clay scouring (CS) and compost (CO) during two consecutive growing winter seasons of 2018/19 and 2019/20. The treatments were: control (100% and75% of water requirements), 20 and 40 (ton. ha-1) of CO and 40 and 80 (ton. ha-1) of CS as alone or mixed with each other under drip irrigation. Results The results showed that soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity increased by increasing the application rates of CO and CS. The lowest values of bulk and hydraulic conductivity were observed at 80 ton. ha-1 CS +40 ton. ha-1 CO. Also, field capacity, wilting point and available water were 20.94,5.97 and5.07%, respectively. The lowest values of ETa were observed at 80 ton. ha-1 CS +40 ton. ha-1 CO under 75% water irrigation requirement in all growth stages. The highest rates of the studied materials as a mixture gave a significant increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of grains and straw of wheat crop. The highest yield of straw and grain were 9523.81 and 6428.57 kg ha-1, respectively. Also, it could be observed that the highest percentage of CWP and IWP were 21.05 and 14.53%, respectively, under 75% irrigation water requirement. Conclusion Application of clay and compost can improve soil physio-chemical properties, water productivity and crop yield under irrigation water regime.
目的利用自然调理剂改善灌溉条件下作物的理化性状，使作物产量和水分生产力达到最高水平。方法采用3个重复的田间试验设计，在2018/19和2019/20两个连续生长冬季分别添加沟渠粘土冲刷(CS)和堆肥(CO)。处理分别为:对照(需水量100%和75%)、20和40(吨)。ha-1)， 40和80(吨)。在滴灌条件下，CS单独或混合的ha-1)。结果随着CO和CS施用量的增加，土壤有机质和阳离子交换量均有所增加。体积和水力导电性在80吨时达到最低值。ha-1 CS +40吨。田间容量、凋萎点和有效水分分别为20.94%、5.97%和5.07%。ETa在80吨时达到最低值。ha-1 CS +40吨。各生育期需水量75%下ha-1 CO。混合处理对小麦籽粒和秸秆氮、磷、钾含量均有显著提高。秸秆和籽粒最高产量分别为9523.81 kg hm -1和6428.57 kg hm -1。当灌溉需水量为75%时，CWP和IWP最高，分别为21.5%和14.53%。结论在灌溉水条件下，施用粘土和堆肥可改善土壤理化性质，提高水分生产力和作物产量。
{"title":"Influence of compost and canal clay scouring on sandy soil properties and wheat productivity under Irrigation water regime","authors":"S. Abdeen, M. El-sayed","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1922816.1199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1922816.1199","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Improving physio-chemical properties under irrigation regime by using natural conditioners to achieve the highest possible crop yield and water productivity. \u0000Method A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replicates by addition of canal clay scouring (CS) and compost (CO) during two consecutive growing winter seasons of 2018/19 and 2019/20. The treatments were: control (100% and75% of water requirements), 20 and 40 (ton. ha-1) of CO and 40 and 80 (ton. ha-1) of CS as alone or mixed with each other under drip irrigation. \u0000Results The results showed that soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity increased by increasing the application rates of CO and CS. The lowest values of bulk and hydraulic conductivity were observed at 80 ton. ha-1 CS +40 ton. ha-1 CO. Also, field capacity, wilting point and available water were 20.94,5.97 and5.07%, respectively. The lowest values of ETa were observed at 80 ton. ha-1 CS +40 ton. ha-1 CO under 75% water irrigation requirement in all growth stages. The highest rates of the studied materials as a mixture gave a significant increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of grains and straw of wheat crop. The highest yield of straw and grain were 9523.81 and 6428.57 kg ha-1, respectively. Also, it could be observed that the highest percentage of CWP and IWP were 21.05 and 14.53%, respectively, under 75% irrigation water requirement. \u0000Conclusion Application of clay and compost can improve soil physio-chemical properties, water productivity and crop yield under irrigation water regime.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73950654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1911898.1148
Vijantie R. R. Awadhpersad, L. Ori, A. Ansari
Purpose The purpose of this study was to to produce vermiwash and vermicompost using organic waste material and study its effect on the growth, development and yield of tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in field condition. Method The experiment was carried out in two phases: the production of vermicompost followed by vermiwash using Eisenia foetida earthworms and the cultivation of tomato plants using the same. In the first phase of production of vermicompost, three types of organic waste (dry grass clippings, dry neem leaves and a combination of dry grass clippings and dry neem leaves) were utilized with three replications. The second phase consisted of a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments and three replications in the field condition. The treatments were control (C), vermicompost (V), vermiwash (W) and a combination of vermicompost and vermiwash (VW). ResultsThe results revealed that the vermicompost produced had a dark color, finely divided peat-like material, with desirable soil odor and a fine smooth texture and an adequate nutritional value, which was confirmed to have good quality. The vermiwash produced from the different vermicomposting bins was brownish colour liquid and had all the essential macro and micro-nutrients. The combination of vermicompost and vermiwash (0.05 kg + 0.05 l) significantly (p < 0.05) resulted in the highest yield followed by vermiwash (0.1 l) and vermicompost (0.1 kg). Conclusion The combination of vermicompost and vermiwash as a bio-fertilizer had a positive effect on the plant growth parameters and production of the tomato plants.
目的利用有机废弃物在田间条件下制备蚯蚓洗和蚯蚓堆肥，研究其对番茄植株生长发育和产量的影响。方法试验分两个阶段进行，分别是利用大爱森蚓生产蚯蚓堆肥后进行蚯蚓洗和利用大爱森蚓生产蚯蚓洗后进行番茄栽培。在蚯蚓堆肥生产的第一阶段，利用三种类型的有机废物(干草屑、干楝叶和干草屑和干楝叶的组合)，进行三次重复。第二阶段包括随机区组设计(RBD)，在野外条件下进行4个处理和3个重复。对照(C)、蚯蚓堆肥(V)、蚯蚓洗(W)和蚯蚓堆肥和蚯蚓洗联合(VW)处理。结果生产的蚯蚓堆肥颜色深，呈泥炭状，颗粒细密，土壤气味好，质地细腻，营养价值充足，品质优良。从不同的蚯蚓堆肥箱中产生的蚯蚓洗液呈褐色，并具有所有必需的宏量和微量营养素。蚯蚓堆肥与蚯蚓洗(0.05 kg + 0.05 l)的组合产量最高(p < 0.05)，其次是蚯蚓洗(0.1 l)和蚯蚓堆肥(0.1 kg)。结论蚯蚓堆肥与蚯蚓洗复合作为生物肥料对番茄植株生长参数和产量有积极影响。
{"title":"Production and effect of vermiwash and vermicompost on plant growth parameters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Suriname","authors":"Vijantie R. R. Awadhpersad, L. Ori, A. Ansari","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1911898.1148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1911898.1148","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The purpose of this study was to to produce vermiwash and vermicompost using organic waste material and study its effect on the growth, development and yield of tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in field condition. Method The experiment was carried out in two phases: the production of vermicompost followed by vermiwash using Eisenia foetida earthworms and the cultivation of tomato plants using the same. In the first phase of production of vermicompost, three types of organic waste (dry grass clippings, dry neem leaves and a combination of dry grass clippings and dry neem leaves) were utilized with three replications. The second phase consisted of a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments and three replications in the field condition. The treatments were control (C), vermicompost (V), vermiwash (W) and a combination of vermicompost and vermiwash (VW). ResultsThe results revealed that the vermicompost produced had a dark color, finely divided peat-like material, with desirable soil odor and a fine smooth texture and an adequate nutritional value, which was confirmed to have good quality. The vermiwash produced from the different vermicomposting bins was brownish colour liquid and had all the essential macro and micro-nutrients. The combination of vermicompost and vermiwash (0.05 kg + 0.05 l) significantly (p < 0.05) resulted in the highest yield followed by vermiwash (0.1 l) and vermicompost (0.1 kg). Conclusion The combination of vermicompost and vermiwash as a bio-fertilizer had a positive effect on the plant growth parameters and production of the tomato plants.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85475097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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