Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1899148.1070
A. Więckol-Ryk, B. Białecka, M. Cempa, Z. Adamczyk
PurposeThe increasing demand for phosphorous for the production of mineral fertilizers forces the continuous development of research and new technologies in the field of obtaining it from sources other than phosphate rocks. This paper presents an analysis of optimizing the combustion parameters of chicken manure in the aspect of phosphorous recovery. Methods The combustion process was carried out in different time (3-8 hours) and temperatures (700-900oC) in laboratory of electric furnace. The content of macro and micronutrients was determined by XRF and ICP-OES analysis. To identify the mineral composition of ashes, the XRD analysis was applied. The content of total phosphorus in ash extracts was determined by photometric method. Results Concentration of p 2O5 in ash samples detected by ICP-OES and XRF was comparable, 30.37 wt.% and 31.77 wt.% at 900oC, 26.27 wt.% and 26.71wt.% at 700oC and 25.31wt.% and 25.00 wt.% at 500oC, respectively. The mineral composition of ashes showed two phases: crystalline and amorphous. The estimated values of p 2O5 content in crystalline phase was 14.83wt.% at 500oC, 20.96wt.% at 700oC and 23.80wt.% at 900oC. The estimated p 2O5 content in amorphous phase was 10.48wt.% at 500oC and decreased at higher temperature to 5.31wt.% at 700oC and 6.57wt.% at 900oC. Conclusion The chemical composition of ashes from chicken manure depends on the combustion temperature. The highest concentration of phosphorous in their bioavailable forms was determined for samples burned in 500oC. The results indicate that a valuable source of phosphorous is the amorphous phase.
{"title":"Optimization of chicken manure combustion parameters in the aspect of phosphorus recovery","authors":"A. Więckol-Ryk, B. Białecka, M. Cempa, Z. Adamczyk","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1899148.1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1899148.1070","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe increasing demand for phosphorous for the production of mineral fertilizers forces the continuous development of research and new technologies in the field of obtaining it from sources other than phosphate rocks. This paper presents an analysis of optimizing the combustion parameters of chicken manure in the aspect of phosphorous recovery. Methods The combustion process was carried out in different time (3-8 hours) and temperatures (700-900oC) in laboratory of electric furnace. The content of macro and micronutrients was determined by XRF and ICP-OES analysis. To identify the mineral composition of ashes, the XRD analysis was applied. The content of total phosphorus in ash extracts was determined by photometric method. Results Concentration of p 2O5 in ash samples detected by ICP-OES and XRF was comparable, 30.37 wt.% and 31.77 wt.% at 900oC, 26.27 wt.% and 26.71wt.% at 700oC and 25.31wt.% and 25.00 wt.% at 500oC, respectively. The mineral composition of ashes showed two phases: crystalline and amorphous. The estimated values of p 2O5 content in crystalline phase was 14.83wt.% at 500oC, 20.96wt.% at 700oC and 23.80wt.% at 900oC. The estimated p 2O5 content in amorphous phase was 10.48wt.% at 500oC and decreased at higher temperature to 5.31wt.% at 700oC and 6.57wt.% at 900oC. Conclusion The chemical composition of ashes from chicken manure depends on the combustion temperature. The highest concentration of phosphorous in their bioavailable forms was determined for samples burned in 500oC. The results indicate that a valuable source of phosphorous is the amorphous phase.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"20 1","pages":"273-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91175506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.674424
V. R. Pegoraro, C. Cazorla, O. Bachmeier, T. Baigorria, M. Boccolini, J. Ortiz, Claudio Lorenzón, S. Hang, M. Zubillaga
Purpose In Argentina, pig slurry (PS) is spread in surface with N losses in ammonia form. Different methods to decrease these emissions are available, but there is poor information about their impacts on the soil-plant system. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different PS application methods on the soil quality in a maize-soybean cropping sequence. Methods PS application methods were evaluated: acidified (AS), incorporated (IS), surface (SS), mineral fertilization (MF) and control (C). The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block with three replicates. Chemical parameters and microbiological parameters were determined. Also, grain yields and N uptake were measured. Results IS caused increases in anaerobic nitrogen and basal respiration of soil on soybean. Treatments with PS and/or FM showed lower values in pH than C in both crops, and higher electrical conductivity only in maize. SS treatment showed higher Pe on soybean, indicating a maintenance of the P levels with respect to those in MF and C. The concentration of NO3- increased with MF in both crops. In maize, MF presented similar concentrations to AS and SS. IS increased grain yields of maize by 16 %, whereas SS and AS increased yields of soybean by 112% and 79%, respectively, compared to C. Conclusions The different PS application methods had similar effects on most of the indicators of soil quality. In maize, IS and AS were more efficient in retaining N within the soil-plant system, whereas, in soybean, the SS led to higher yields.
{"title":"Impacts of different pig slurry application methods on soil quality indicators in a maize-soybean cropping sequence in the Sub-humid Pampas of Argentina","authors":"V. R. Pegoraro, C. Cazorla, O. Bachmeier, T. Baigorria, M. Boccolini, J. Ortiz, Claudio Lorenzón, S. Hang, M. Zubillaga","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.674424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.674424","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose In Argentina, pig slurry (PS) is spread in surface with N losses in ammonia form. Different methods to decrease these emissions are available, but there is poor information about their impacts on the soil-plant system. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different PS application methods on the soil quality in a maize-soybean cropping sequence. Methods PS application methods were evaluated: acidified (AS), incorporated (IS), surface (SS), mineral fertilization (MF) and control (C). The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block with three replicates. Chemical parameters and microbiological parameters were determined. Also, grain yields and N uptake were measured. Results IS caused increases in anaerobic nitrogen and basal respiration of soil on soybean. Treatments with PS and/or FM showed lower values in pH than C in both crops, and higher electrical conductivity only in maize. SS treatment showed higher Pe on soybean, indicating a maintenance of the P levels with respect to those in MF and C. The concentration of NO3- increased with MF in both crops. In maize, MF presented similar concentrations to AS and SS. IS increased grain yields of maize by 16 %, whereas SS and AS increased yields of soybean by 112% and 79%, respectively, compared to C. Conclusions The different PS application methods had similar effects on most of the indicators of soil quality. In maize, IS and AS were more efficient in retaining N within the soil-plant system, whereas, in soybean, the SS led to higher yields.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"8 1","pages":"259-272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83959129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1886668.1016
K. Bes, M. C. Brisola, Regiane B. Crecencio, D. Bitner, A. Frigo, L. Rampazzo, G. A. Faria, D. N. Araújo, A. S. Silva, L. M. Stefani
Purpose The anaerobic digester for dead animals is the most eco-friendly and cost-effective way to dispose of this waste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiency of organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms by an anaerobic co-digestion of whole dead animals and manure, both of swine origin. Methods Two test digesters coated with geomembrane were used. Samples were obtained from a private pig farm with 2000 sows in Southern Brazil from April to June of 2017. The analyses were performed in triplicate, at six treatment points and physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the anaerobic co-digester system. Results We found the efficiency in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (87.88%), biological oxygen demand (83.57%) and total solids (75%), accorded with levels proposed in Resolution 430/2011 of the Brazilian National Environment Council. Furthermore, macro- and micronutrient values also accorded with the environmental parameters proposed by Brazilian legislation. Based on the total nitrogen (2222.00 mg L-1) and environmental critical phosphorus values (333.30 mg dm-³), a subsequent agronomic evaluation is suggested prior to the release of this effluent into the soil. The absence of Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs reinforced the notion of suitability of the system for the treatment of dead animals. Total coliform counts and E. coli counts were within the expected standards. Conclusion Treatment of dead animals and effluents using an anaerobic digestion process was efficient, suggesting that it could replace other methods such as composting and incineration.
{"title":"Evaluation of a novel anaerobic co-digestion system for disposal of dead swine and manure: An important tool in animal production","authors":"K. Bes, M. C. Brisola, Regiane B. Crecencio, D. Bitner, A. Frigo, L. Rampazzo, G. A. Faria, D. N. Araújo, A. S. Silva, L. M. Stefani","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1886668.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1886668.1016","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The anaerobic digester for dead animals is the most eco-friendly and cost-effective way to dispose of this waste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiency of organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms by an anaerobic co-digestion of whole dead animals and manure, both of swine origin. Methods Two test digesters coated with geomembrane were used. Samples were obtained from a private pig farm with 2000 sows in Southern Brazil from April to June of 2017. The analyses were performed in triplicate, at six treatment points and physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the anaerobic co-digester system. Results We found the efficiency in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (87.88%), biological oxygen demand (83.57%) and total solids (75%), accorded with levels proposed in Resolution 430/2011 of the Brazilian National Environment Council. Furthermore, macro- and micronutrient values also accorded with the environmental parameters proposed by Brazilian legislation. Based on the total nitrogen (2222.00 mg L-1) and environmental critical phosphorus values (333.30 mg dm-³), a subsequent agronomic evaluation is suggested prior to the release of this effluent into the soil. The absence of Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs reinforced the notion of suitability of the system for the treatment of dead animals. Total coliform counts and E. coli counts were within the expected standards. Conclusion Treatment of dead animals and effluents using an anaerobic digestion process was efficient, suggesting that it could replace other methods such as composting and incineration.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"229-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83029828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1890491.1025
A. K. A. May, Rashid M Shamsuddin, Lew Jin Hau, A. Aqsha, N. Mansor, N. I. Mustapa, M. Narasimha
Purpose Humic Acid (HA), a plant’s growth promoter readily available in compost was found to have insect repelling functional groups. This study was conducted to investigate the pesticidal ability of HA extracted from Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) vermicomposts at Carbon to Nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 25, 30 and 35. Methods The vermicomposts were prepared using EFB, a palm oil mill by-product as the base material with underutilized organic wastes (fishmeal, bonemeal, and bunch ash) as additives to enhance the macronutrients of vermicomposts. Composting was conducted for 52 days with earthworms as composting agents. HA (mass yield of 2.34 – 2.63%) was extracted from the matured vermicomposts through alkaline extraction before acid precipitation. The insect repelling effectiveness of HA, Garlic Extract (GE) and 87% GE + 13% HA was evaluated by spraying them onto soil samples in different compartments with crickets. Results Vessel with lesser crickets indicates agent sprayed repels insect better. Results showed 87% GE + 13% HA repels insect most effectively, followed by 100% HA and lastly 100% GE. The macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) were improved upon mixing additive materials to the vermicompost. Conclusion HA alone possesses some ability to repel crickets. It performs better when it is coupled with GE as HA acts as a diluent to promote GE absorption into soil thus enhancing the pesticidal effect. This demonstrates EFB has potential as a precursor material for high value vermicompost with insect repellent ability, thus presenting an opportunity for respective industries to generate value-added products while solving by-product underutilization issue.
目的腐植酸(HA)是一种植物生长促进剂，在堆肥中具有驱虫官能团。本试验研究了在碳氮比为25、30和35的条件下，从空果串(EFB)蚯蚓堆肥中提取的HA的杀虫能力。方法以棕榈油厂副产品EFB为基料，以未充分利用的有机废弃物(鱼粉、骨粉、束灰)为添加剂，提高蚯蚓堆肥的宏量营养素含量。以蚯蚓为堆肥剂，进行52 d的堆肥处理。采用酸沉法前碱提法提取成熟蚯蚓堆肥中的HA，产率为2.34 ~ 2.63%。通过在不同蟋蟀室的土壤样品上喷施透明质酸、大蒜提取物(GE)和87% GE + 13% HA的驱虫效果评价。结果蟋蟀较少的容器表明喷雾剂驱虫效果较好。结果表明，87% GE + 13% HA的驱虫效果最好，100% HA次之，100% GE驱虫效果最差。在蚯蚓堆肥中掺入添加剂可提高土壤中氮、磷、钾等常量营养元素的含量。结论透明质酸具有一定的驱虫能力。与转基因配合使用效果更好，因为透明质酸起到稀释剂的作用，促进转基因被土壤吸收，从而增强杀虫效果。这表明EFB有潜力作为具有驱虫能力的高价值蠕虫堆肥的前体材料，从而为各自行业提供了一个机会，在解决副产品利用不足的同时产生增值产品。
{"title":"Investigation of pesticidal ability of humic acid derived from palm oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) vermicompost","authors":"A. K. A. May, Rashid M Shamsuddin, Lew Jin Hau, A. Aqsha, N. Mansor, N. I. Mustapa, M. Narasimha","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1890491.1025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1890491.1025","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Humic Acid (HA), a plant’s growth promoter readily available in compost was found to have insect repelling functional groups. This study was conducted to investigate the pesticidal ability of HA extracted from Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) vermicomposts at Carbon to Nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 25, 30 and 35. Methods The vermicomposts were prepared using EFB, a palm oil mill by-product as the base material with underutilized organic wastes (fishmeal, bonemeal, and bunch ash) as additives to enhance the macronutrients of vermicomposts. Composting was conducted for 52 days with earthworms as composting agents. HA (mass yield of 2.34 – 2.63%) was extracted from the matured vermicomposts through alkaline extraction before acid precipitation. The insect repelling effectiveness of HA, Garlic Extract (GE) and 87% GE + 13% HA was evaluated by spraying them onto soil samples in different compartments with crickets. Results Vessel with lesser crickets indicates agent sprayed repels insect better. Results showed 87% GE + 13% HA repels insect most effectively, followed by 100% HA and lastly 100% GE. The macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) were improved upon mixing additive materials to the vermicompost. Conclusion HA alone possesses some ability to repel crickets. It performs better when it is coupled with GE as HA acts as a diluent to promote GE absorption into soil thus enhancing the pesticidal effect. This demonstrates EFB has potential as a precursor material for high value vermicompost with insect repellent ability, thus presenting an opportunity for respective industries to generate value-added products while solving by-product underutilization issue.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"37 1","pages":"237-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80591279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885386.1008
Eduardo Fidel Héctor Ardisana, A. García, O. F. Téllez, J. L. Guerra, Juan Bautista Zambrano Alcívar
Purpose The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of a bovine manure vermicompost leachate (BMVL) on growth, total chlorophyll content and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid Nathalie. In pepper, the effects of BMVL had not been studied before. Methods Six dilutions of BMVL (1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50 and 1:60 v / v), unfertilized soil and YaraMilaTM ComplexTM chemical fertilizer were tested. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The variables measured were the height of the plants, the diameter of the stem, the number of leaves, the total chlorophyll content, the length, the circumference and the weight of the fruits in four harvests. The yield per hectare in the experimental treatments was estimated from the total weight of the fruits obtained in the four harvests and the area occupied by the plants sampled. Results No substantial agronomic differences were observed in the growth variables nor in the total chlorophyll content between the experimental treatments. The estimated yields in the plots of all BMVL dilutions did not show significant differences among themselves or with chemical fertilization, and exceeded the yields of the plants in the treatment of unfertilized soil. Conclusion The results suggest that bovine manure vermicompost leachate can become a sustainable alternative for pepper production reducing fertilizer application rates, thus diminishing the contamination of the environment.
目的研究牛粪蚯蚓堆肥渗滤液(BMVL)对辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)杂种Nathalie生长、总叶绿素含量和产量的影响。在辣椒中，BMVL的作用以前没有研究过。方法对6种稀释BMVL(1:10、1:20、1:30、1:40、1:50、1:60 v / v)、未施肥土壤和YaraMilaTM complexm化肥进行试验。试验设计为随机分组，每组4个重复。测量的变量是植株的高度、茎的直径、叶片的数量、总叶绿素含量、果实的长度、周长和重量。试验处理的每公顷产量是根据四次收获的果实总重量和取样植物所占的面积来估计的。结果不同处理间的生长指标和叶绿素含量无显著差异。不同BMVL稀释条件下的估算产量在不同稀释条件下和不同施肥条件下均无显著差异，且均超过未施肥条件下的估算产量。结论牛粪蚯蚓堆肥渗滤液可作为辣椒生产的可持续替代材料，降低了辣椒的施肥量，减少了辣椒对环境的污染。
{"title":"Effect of a bovine manure vermicompost leachate on yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid Nathalie","authors":"Eduardo Fidel Héctor Ardisana, A. García, O. F. Téllez, J. L. Guerra, Juan Bautista Zambrano Alcívar","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885386.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885386.1008","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of a bovine manure vermicompost leachate (BMVL) on growth, total chlorophyll content and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid Nathalie. In pepper, the effects of BMVL had not been studied before. Methods Six dilutions of BMVL (1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50 and 1:60 v / v), unfertilized soil and YaraMilaTM ComplexTM chemical fertilizer were tested. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The variables measured were the height of the plants, the diameter of the stem, the number of leaves, the total chlorophyll content, the length, the circumference and the weight of the fruits in four harvests. The yield per hectare in the experimental treatments was estimated from the total weight of the fruits obtained in the four harvests and the area occupied by the plants sampled. Results No substantial agronomic differences were observed in the growth variables nor in the total chlorophyll content between the experimental treatments. The estimated yields in the plots of all BMVL dilutions did not show significant differences among themselves or with chemical fertilization, and exceeded the yields of the plants in the treatment of unfertilized soil. Conclusion The results suggest that bovine manure vermicompost leachate can become a sustainable alternative for pepper production reducing fertilizer application rates, thus diminishing the contamination of the environment.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":"249-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87998415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1887263.1015
L. Goel, V. Shankar, R. Sharma
Purpose ThePresent study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of locally available organic mulches on moisture retention, yield and irrigation water use efficiency in tomato crop. Methods The crop was grown in a randomized complete block design using pine needle mulch, wheat straw mulch and rice straw mulch as treatments and no mulch serving as control. Results Mulches were able to increase the soil moisture retention through 0.1 m to 0.5 m soil depth. Though mulches behaved differently in soil moisture retention at various depths, the average moisture retention observed for pine needle mulch, rice straw mulch, wheat straw mulch and no mulch was 22.18 %, 21.01 %, 18.52 % and 18.23 %, respectively. The mulches brought about a soil temperature reduction to an extent of 3.3 °C in maximum daily temperature and 1.4-1.8 °C in average soil temperature at 14:00 o'clock during the crop period. The positive effect produced on soil hydrothermal environment was directly reflected through increased leaf area index, plant height and yield. The trend of favourable effect produced by mulches on growth parameters was pine needle mulch > rice straw mulch > wheat straw mulch > no mulch. Mulching increased irrigation water use efficiency by 28.9%, 26.6 % and 12.5 % in pine needle mulch, rice straw mulch and wheat straw mulch, respectively over no mulch. Conclusion Locally available organic materials can effectively be used to increase soil moisture retention, enhance yield and irrigation water use efficiency in tomato crop.
目的研究就地速效有机地膜对番茄保墒、产量和灌溉水分利用效率的影响。方法采用完全随机区组设计，以松针覆盖、麦秸覆盖和水稻秸秆覆盖为处理，不覆盖为对照。结果覆盖能在0.1 m ~ 0.5 m土壤深度增加土壤保水能力。不同深度覆盖的土壤保墒效果不同，但松针覆盖、水稻秸秆覆盖、小麦秸秆覆盖和不覆盖的平均保墒效果分别为22.18%、21.01%、18.52%和18.23%。覆盖可使作物生育期日最高温度降低3.3℃，14时平均温度降低1.4 ~ 1.8℃。对土壤热液环境的积极影响直接体现在叶面积指数、株高和产量的增加上。覆盖对生长参数的有利影响趋势为松针覆盖>水稻秸秆覆盖>小麦秸秆覆盖>不覆盖。松针覆盖、水稻秸秆覆盖和小麦秸秆覆盖比不覆盖分别提高了28.9%、26.6%和12.5%的灌溉水分利用效率。结论利用当地可利用的有机材料可有效提高番茄作物的土壤保水能力，提高产量和灌溉水分利用效率。
{"title":"Effect of organic mulches on agronomic parameters – a case study of tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)","authors":"L. Goel, V. Shankar, R. Sharma","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1887263.1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1887263.1015","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose ThePresent study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of locally available organic mulches on moisture retention, yield and irrigation water use efficiency in tomato crop. Methods The crop was grown in a randomized complete block design using pine needle mulch, wheat straw mulch and rice straw mulch as treatments and no mulch serving as control. Results Mulches were able to increase the soil moisture retention through 0.1 m to 0.5 m soil depth. Though mulches behaved differently in soil moisture retention at various depths, the average moisture retention observed for pine needle mulch, rice straw mulch, wheat straw mulch and no mulch was 22.18 %, 21.01 %, 18.52 % and 18.23 %, respectively. The mulches brought about a soil temperature reduction to an extent of 3.3 °C in maximum daily temperature and 1.4-1.8 °C in average soil temperature at 14:00 o'clock during the crop period. The positive effect produced on soil hydrothermal environment was directly reflected through increased leaf area index, plant height and yield. The trend of favourable effect produced by mulches on growth parameters was pine needle mulch > rice straw mulch > wheat straw mulch > no mulch. Mulching increased irrigation water use efficiency by 28.9%, 26.6 % and 12.5 % in pine needle mulch, rice straw mulch and wheat straw mulch, respectively over no mulch. Conclusion Locally available organic materials can effectively be used to increase soil moisture retention, enhance yield and irrigation water use efficiency in tomato crop.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"27 1","pages":"297-307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76799013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1892843.1036
F. Achuba, O. Aruoren, Abigail Chioma Nmanedu, P. Ichipi-Ifukor, U. Dennis-Eboh
Purpose There is an increased demand for proper utilization of wastes to benefit humans especially as it relates to generation of economic gains. Although the agro-based industry and the petroleum industry contribute to high levels of waste generation, it is possible that the wastes from the agro industry could be used for management of petroleum hazards and pollution. This review focuses on the identification of potential benefits of two highly ignored agro wastes: cassava effluent and empty oil palm bunch, which contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases and increasing the disease causing potentials of these wastes for people living where they are disposed. Methods In this review, we utilized available literature to reveal the importance of agro wastes as well as their different beneficial applications especially as they concern the remediation of crude oil pollution. Results Evidence from previous research indicates that cassava effluent contains some beneficial nutrient components that negatively affect soil chemistry and plant growth. The use of empty oil palm bunch, on the other hand, has been reported to contribute to the improvement of soil nutrient properties and crop production. Conclusion We postulate that the chemical constituent of these two agricultural wastes may significantly complement their ability to improve crop production when combined, as well as mediate cleanup of soils exposed to crude oil pollution over time.
{"title":"The effect of cassava effluent and empty oil palm fruit bunch on remediation of petroleum polluted soil and crop production in the tropics: A review","authors":"F. Achuba, O. Aruoren, Abigail Chioma Nmanedu, P. Ichipi-Ifukor, U. Dennis-Eboh","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1892843.1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1892843.1036","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose There is an increased demand for proper utilization of wastes to benefit humans especially as it relates to generation of economic gains. Although the agro-based industry and the petroleum industry contribute to high levels of waste generation, it is possible that the wastes from the agro industry could be used for management of petroleum hazards and pollution. This review focuses on the identification of potential benefits of two highly ignored agro wastes: cassava effluent and empty oil palm bunch, which contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases and increasing the disease causing potentials of these wastes for people living where they are disposed. Methods In this review, we utilized available literature to reveal the importance of agro wastes as well as their different beneficial applications especially as they concern the remediation of crude oil pollution. Results Evidence from previous research indicates that cassava effluent contains some beneficial nutrient components that negatively affect soil chemistry and plant growth. The use of empty oil palm bunch, on the other hand, has been reported to contribute to the improvement of soil nutrient properties and crop production. Conclusion We postulate that the chemical constituent of these two agricultural wastes may significantly complement their ability to improve crop production when combined, as well as mediate cleanup of soils exposed to crude oil pollution over time.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":"309-321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74078392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-17DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1898218.1062
O. Aluko, E. Oloruntoba, G. Ana, T. Hammed, O. Afolabi
Purpose Faecal sludge (FS) and organic market waste (MW) have resources that could be recovered by co-composting though not fully explored under changing climatic conditions in Nigeria. This study explored the characteristics and nutrient quality of co-composts produced from pre-treated FS and MW feedstocks in Nigeria. Methods The study was exploratory and analytical in design and co-composting was purposively selected for resource-recovery. The raw faecal sludge (FS) was harvested from septic tanks of households (50%) and institutions (50%) through mechanical evacuation service trucks and dewatered using 0.1% gradient sand filter. The biodegradable MW was sorted and used for further studies. The dewatered FS (DFS) and MW were mixed in ratios 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7, respectively with DFS and MW as controls. Each of the mixes was made into 1m3 heap and co-composted using the windrow method. The experiments were monitored for 88 days with fortnight composite sampling from each mix (13-weeks). The samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, moisture-contents, micronutrients, macronutrients and pollutants using Standard Methods. Results At maturity, N:P:K (%) indicate good composts at 9: 5: 4, 18: 7: 19 and 3: 3: 1 in the 1: 3, 1: 5 and 1: 7 mixes, respectively, while those of controls were: 19:12:12 (DFS) and 17:14:11(MW) with no significant differences between experimental and control mixes. Also, four factors extracted (pollutants, agronomic, macronutrients and micronutrients), explained 78.2% variability. Conclusion The matured co-compost satisfied nutrients and pollutants quality for agricultural use, recovered organic fertiliser from raw domestic and institutional faecal sludge and market waste.
{"title":"Characteristics of co-composts produced from raw faecal sludge and organic market waste in Osun State, Southwest Nigeria","authors":"O. Aluko, E. Oloruntoba, G. Ana, T. Hammed, O. Afolabi","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1898218.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1898218.1062","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Faecal sludge (FS) and organic market waste (MW) have resources that could be recovered by co-composting though not fully explored under changing climatic conditions in Nigeria. This study explored the characteristics and nutrient quality of co-composts produced from pre-treated FS and MW feedstocks in Nigeria. Methods The study was exploratory and analytical in design and co-composting was purposively selected for resource-recovery. The raw faecal sludge (FS) was harvested from septic tanks of households (50%) and institutions (50%) through mechanical evacuation service trucks and dewatered using 0.1% gradient sand filter. The biodegradable MW was sorted and used for further studies. The dewatered FS (DFS) and MW were mixed in ratios 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7, respectively with DFS and MW as controls. Each of the mixes was made into 1m3 heap and co-composted using the windrow method. The experiments were monitored for 88 days with fortnight composite sampling from each mix (13-weeks). The samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, moisture-contents, micronutrients, macronutrients and pollutants using Standard Methods. Results At maturity, N:P:K (%) indicate good composts at 9: 5: 4, 18: 7: 19 and 3: 3: 1 in the 1: 3, 1: 5 and 1: 7 mixes, respectively, while those of controls were: 19:12:12 (DFS) and 17:14:11(MW) with no significant differences between experimental and control mixes. Also, four factors extracted (pollutants, agronomic, macronutrients and micronutrients), explained 78.2% variability. Conclusion The matured co-compost satisfied nutrients and pollutants quality for agricultural use, recovered organic fertiliser from raw domestic and institutional faecal sludge and market waste.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84292984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.671672
S. Tabatabaei, N. Nourmahnad, S. G. Kermani, S. Tabatabaei, M. Heidarpour, P. Najafi
Purpose In recent years, attempts have been made to compensate irrigation water shortage through widespread wastewater application as a low-quality water resource for agriculture. The existing wastewater treatment plants do not have sufficient capacity to treat such a huge volume of wastewater. In arid and semiarid region, soil type as well as climate is different from the others, so the aim of this paper is the review of literature on the effects of wastewater reuse in agriculture. Methods An extensive literature review was conducted to evaluate urban wastewater effects on soil, plant and environment. Results One of the best methods for wastewater disposal is wastewater discharge into the soil. However, as it was revealed in this research, in most cases, this method would lead to increased salinity, SAR, organic matter content, permeability, and electric conductivity as well as reduced soil bulk density. Nevertheless, wastewater effect on soil physical properties depends on its characteristics and also its application period. For instance, in durations less than one year, wastewater has often no significant effect on some soil properties such as bulk density. The best wastewater usage approach is utilizing drip irrigation method, which can overcome the shortcomings resulted from its application. In most studies carried out in this field, wastewater irrigation has led to increased accumulation of heavy elements and nutrients in the soil and even sometimes in under-cultivation plants. It is noteworthy that these elements' accumulation in the fruit section is less than their accumulation in the vegetable part of the plants. Conclusion The use of wastewater without accurate management can extremely cause adverse environmental outcomes, including soil salinization, soil degradation, reduced soil hydraulic conductivity, soil hydrophobicity, poisoning, reduced yield of the crops, and surface/groundwater resources' contamination, and eventually the prevalence of diseases. Consequently, in order to reuse wastewater for agriculture, microbial contamination' reduction should be seriously considered in accordance with the standards determined by the Environmental Protection Agency or the World Health Organization guidelines. It is highly emphasized that after reaching the required standards, the wastewater can be used for irrigation. In conclusion, Pharmaceuticals presence in the wastewater are a growing global concern.
{"title":"Urban wastewater reuse in agriculture for irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions - A review","authors":"S. Tabatabaei, N. Nourmahnad, S. G. Kermani, S. Tabatabaei, M. Heidarpour, P. Najafi","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.671672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.671672","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose In recent years, attempts have been made to compensate irrigation water shortage through widespread wastewater application as a low-quality water resource for agriculture. The existing wastewater treatment plants do not have sufficient capacity to treat such a huge volume of wastewater. In arid and semiarid region, soil type as well as climate is different from the others, so the aim of this paper is the review of literature on the effects of wastewater reuse in agriculture. Methods An extensive literature review was conducted to evaluate urban wastewater effects on soil, plant and environment. Results One of the best methods for wastewater disposal is wastewater discharge into the soil. However, as it was revealed in this research, in most cases, this method would lead to increased salinity, SAR, organic matter content, permeability, and electric conductivity as well as reduced soil bulk density. Nevertheless, wastewater effect on soil physical properties depends on its characteristics and also its application period. For instance, in durations less than one year, wastewater has often no significant effect on some soil properties such as bulk density. The best wastewater usage approach is utilizing drip irrigation method, which can overcome the shortcomings resulted from its application. In most studies carried out in this field, wastewater irrigation has led to increased accumulation of heavy elements and nutrients in the soil and even sometimes in under-cultivation plants. It is noteworthy that these elements' accumulation in the fruit section is less than their accumulation in the vegetable part of the plants. Conclusion The use of wastewater without accurate management can extremely cause adverse environmental outcomes, including soil salinization, soil degradation, reduced soil hydraulic conductivity, soil hydrophobicity, poisoning, reduced yield of the crops, and surface/groundwater resources' contamination, and eventually the prevalence of diseases. Consequently, in order to reuse wastewater for agriculture, microbial contamination' reduction should be seriously considered in accordance with the standards determined by the Environmental Protection Agency or the World Health Organization guidelines. It is highly emphasized that after reaching the required standards, the wastewater can be used for irrigation. In conclusion, Pharmaceuticals presence in the wastewater are a growing global concern.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"23 1","pages":"193-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87340830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1890190.1020
Ana C. C. Oliveira, R. Viani
Purpose The overharvesting of the endemic palm tree Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot and the destination given to the sludge produced from urban sewage treatment are both serious environmental issues caused by human activities. In order to find solutions or alternatives for both the issues, we aimed to investigate the effect of increasing rates of a sewage sludge organic fertilizer (SSOF), produced by composting sewage sludge and solid waste, on the initial growth of E. edulis. Methods We mixed sand with 0, 62.5, 125, and 250 kg·m−3 of SSOF in 8 L (21 cm height × 24 cm top diameter × 20.5 cm base diameter) pots and then planted a seedling of E. edulis in each pot. We assessed the seedlings’ height and stem diameter relative growth rate (RGR), biomass, root to shoot ratio, and shoot macronutrient (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulphur) concentrations in relation to fertilizer levels. We also evaluated the relation between plant height and diameter over time for each fertilization level. Results We found that height and stem diameter RGRs, biomass accumulation, and N and P shoot concentrations of E. edulis were positively related to SSOF levels between 120 and 250 kg·m−3 in the substrate. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that SSOF can be further used as an alternative to sewage sludge disposal and contribute to E. edulis cultivation, and, hence, its conservation.
{"title":"Sewage sludge organic fertilizer as a promoter of initial growth of Euterpe edulis Mart., an endangered palm","authors":"Ana C. C. Oliveira, R. Viani","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1890190.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1890190.1020","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The overharvesting of the endemic palm tree Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot and the destination given to the sludge produced from urban sewage treatment are both serious environmental issues caused by human activities. In order to find solutions or alternatives for both the issues, we aimed to investigate the effect of increasing rates of a sewage sludge organic fertilizer (SSOF), produced by composting sewage sludge and solid waste, on the initial growth of E. edulis. Methods We mixed sand with 0, 62.5, 125, and 250 kg·m−3 of SSOF in 8 L (21 cm height × 24 cm top diameter × 20.5 cm base diameter) pots and then planted a seedling of E. edulis in each pot. We assessed the seedlings’ height and stem diameter relative growth rate (RGR), biomass, root to shoot ratio, and shoot macronutrient (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulphur) concentrations in relation to fertilizer levels. We also evaluated the relation between plant height and diameter over time for each fertilization level. Results We found that height and stem diameter RGRs, biomass accumulation, and N and P shoot concentrations of E. edulis were positively related to SSOF levels between 120 and 250 kg·m−3 in the substrate. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that SSOF can be further used as an alternative to sewage sludge disposal and contribute to E. edulis cultivation, and, hence, its conservation.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"329 1","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75480013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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