Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1908263.1126
Talita dos Santos Ferreira, R. Pêgo, L. F. D. S. Antunes, M. Correia, R. Martins, M. G. F. Carmo
Purpose To evaluate the production and the quality of seedlings of different pepper genotypes produced on millicompost as an organic substrate. Method Three experiments were carried out, one for each pepper genotype (ENAS-5007, ENAS-5031 and ENAS-5032) in which three substrates were evaluated: 100% Millicompost (S1); Millicompost MIX (50% millicompost + 50% powdered coconut fiber) (S2) and Carolina organic® commercial substrate (S3). Variables evaluated: shoot and root dry mass (SDM and RDM), number of leaves (NL), plant height (PH), seedling vigor (SV) and clod stability (CS). The data were subjected to the analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability level. Results For the ENAS-5007 and ENAS-5032 genotypes, there was a significant difference in all the variables analyzed, being S1 and S3 the substrates with the highest and the lowest performances, respectively. In the ENAS-5031 genotype, SDM and RDM did not differ between S1 and S2. For ENAS-5031, there were significant differences in PH, NL and SV, in which S1 promoted the best results; however, no significant difference was observed for CS. Conclusion The 100% millicompost substrate promoted the best development of pepper seedlings in all the three genotypes evaluated. However, the combination of the millicompost MIX has the potential to be used, as it promotes seedlings of superior quality in comparison to the commercial substrate, maximizing the use of millicompost as a substrate for the production of organic pepper seedlings.
{"title":"Quality of seedlings of different pepper genotypes grown in millicompost: An organic substrate generated by millipedes' activity","authors":"Talita dos Santos Ferreira, R. Pêgo, L. F. D. S. Antunes, M. Correia, R. Martins, M. G. F. Carmo","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1908263.1126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1908263.1126","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To evaluate the production and the quality of seedlings of different pepper genotypes produced on millicompost as an organic substrate. \u0000Method Three experiments were carried out, one for each pepper genotype (ENAS-5007, ENAS-5031 and ENAS-5032) in which three substrates were evaluated: 100% Millicompost (S1); Millicompost MIX (50% millicompost + 50% powdered coconut fiber) (S2) and Carolina organic® commercial substrate (S3). Variables evaluated: shoot and root dry mass (SDM and RDM), number of leaves (NL), plant height (PH), seedling vigor (SV) and clod stability (CS). The data were subjected to the analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability level. \u0000Results For the ENAS-5007 and ENAS-5032 genotypes, there was a significant difference in all the variables analyzed, being S1 and S3 the substrates with the highest and the lowest performances, respectively. In the ENAS-5031 genotype, SDM and RDM did not differ between S1 and S2. For ENAS-5031, there were significant differences in PH, NL and SV, in which S1 promoted the best results; however, no significant difference was observed for CS. \u0000Conclusion The 100% millicompost substrate promoted the best development of pepper seedlings in all the three genotypes evaluated. However, the combination of the millicompost MIX has the potential to be used, as it promotes seedlings of superior quality in comparison to the commercial substrate, maximizing the use of millicompost as a substrate for the production of organic pepper seedlings.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"89 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72368566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1897439.1052
Bruna Oliveira, M. A. Leal, Danielle França de Oliveira, A. García
Purpose This study aims to characterize the compost produced under low input conditions in thirty days of composting from food wastes applying the hot composting Berkeley method (HCBM) by 13C NMR CP/MAS techniques combined with evaluation of chemometric, physical and chemical parameters. Method The composting process from food waste was carried out following the recommendations of the Hot Composting Berkeley method. At 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23 and 25 days turning was carried out, totaling eleven turns and the temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dry density, potential CO2 emission and potential NH3 emission were quantified. The metal content in the compost was determined after 25 days. The structural modifications of compost process were monitored by 13C-NMR CP MAS spectroscopic and chemometrics analysis. Results Composting takes place immediately and continues for 15 days through transformation to more labile lipid, carbohydrate and proteinaceous molecules (CAlkyl-H,R; CAlkyl-O; CAlkyl-O,N) with increasing temperature and pH. After 15 days, there is a CO2 and NH3 emission reduction as well as preservation of recalcitrant molecules with more aromatic and nonpolar characteristics (CAromatic-H,R; CAromatic-O,N). Conclusion The compost obtained at 25 days of composting by applying HCBM has greater hydrophobicity and aromaticity and is rich in mineral elements important for plant nutrition. The application of HCBM to food waste allowed to obtain a stabilized compost in ecological production conditions.
{"title":"Chemical and spectroscopy characterization of a compost from food waste applying the hot composting Berkeley method","authors":"Bruna Oliveira, M. A. Leal, Danielle França de Oliveira, A. García","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1897439.1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1897439.1052","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This study aims to characterize the compost produced under low input conditions in thirty days of composting from food wastes applying the hot composting Berkeley method (HCBM) by 13C NMR CP/MAS techniques combined with evaluation of chemometric, physical and chemical parameters. \u0000Method The composting process from food waste was carried out following the recommendations of the Hot Composting Berkeley method. At 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23 and 25 days turning was carried out, totaling eleven turns and the temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dry density, potential CO2 emission and potential NH3 emission were quantified. The metal content in the compost was determined after 25 days. The structural modifications of compost process were monitored by 13C-NMR CP MAS spectroscopic and chemometrics analysis. \u0000Results Composting takes place immediately and continues for 15 days through transformation to more labile lipid, carbohydrate and proteinaceous molecules (CAlkyl-H,R; CAlkyl-O; CAlkyl-O,N) with increasing temperature and pH. After 15 days, there is a CO2 and NH3 emission reduction as well as preservation of recalcitrant molecules with more aromatic and nonpolar characteristics (CAromatic-H,R; CAromatic-O,N). \u0000Conclusion The compost obtained at 25 days of composting by applying HCBM has greater hydrophobicity and aromaticity and is rich in mineral elements important for plant nutrition. The application of HCBM to food waste allowed to obtain a stabilized compost in ecological production conditions.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84749237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1903555.1097
L. F. D. S. Antunes, Dione Galvão da Silva, M. A. Leal, M. Correia
PurposeTo characterize substrates made of millicomposts produced from a mixture of cow paw leaves (Bauhinia sp.), grass clippings (Paspalum notatum), banana leaves (Musa sp.) and cardboard submitted to processing through the activity of millipedes Trigoniulus corallinus for 90, 125 or 180 days. The efficiency of producing lettuce seedlings using these substrates was compared to a control substrate of earthworm humus, fine coal and castor cakes. MethodChemical and physical characteristics of the substrates, seedling growth and clod stability were evaluated 28 days after sowing. Substrate pH and electrical conductivity during seedling development were also recorded. Results The millicompost with the shortest processing time (90 days) contained lower levels of macronutrients (N, Ca, Mg, P and K) compared to the millicomposts with 125 and 180 days of processing and the control substrate. Subsequently, the lettuce seedlings produced on 90-day substrate showed less vegetative development. The millicomposts with 125 or 180 days of processing did not differ from the control substrate in respect to lettuce seedling development. Clod stability was greater in the control and the 180-day millicompost substrates. Conclusion The results show that it is possible to obtain efficient substrates for lettuce production using a mixture of various plant residues with cardboard processed through the activity of millipedes for a minimum of 125 days.
{"title":"Effect of substrates consisting of organic waste processed by diplopods on production of lettuce seedlings","authors":"L. F. D. S. Antunes, Dione Galvão da Silva, M. A. Leal, M. Correia","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1903555.1097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1903555.1097","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeTo characterize substrates made of millicomposts produced from a mixture of cow paw leaves (Bauhinia sp.), grass clippings (Paspalum notatum), banana leaves (Musa sp.) and cardboard submitted to processing through the activity of millipedes Trigoniulus corallinus for 90, 125 or 180 days. The efficiency of producing lettuce seedlings using these substrates was compared to a control substrate of earthworm humus, fine coal and castor cakes. \u0000MethodChemical and physical characteristics of the substrates, seedling growth and clod stability were evaluated 28 days after sowing. Substrate pH and electrical conductivity during seedling development were also recorded. \u0000Results The millicompost with the shortest processing time (90 days) contained lower levels of macronutrients (N, Ca, Mg, P and K) compared to the millicomposts with 125 and 180 days of processing and the control substrate. Subsequently, the lettuce seedlings produced on 90-day substrate showed less vegetative development. The millicomposts with 125 or 180 days of processing did not differ from the control substrate in respect to lettuce seedling development. Clod stability was greater in the control and the 180-day millicompost substrates. \u0000Conclusion The results show that it is possible to obtain efficient substrates for lettuce production using a mixture of various plant residues with cardboard processed through the activity of millipedes for a minimum of 125 days.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81097306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1899855.1073
S. E. Obasi, N. Obasi, Ephraim O Nwankwo, B. N. Enemchukwu, R. I. Igbolekwu, J. O. Nkama
Purpose Crude oil pollution adversely affects the environment and its remediation presents significant challenge due to its complex nature. Bioremediation approaches have proved effective and the use of organic wastes makes the process eco-friendly. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of organic manures amendments of crude oil polluted soil on the growth and performance of maize (Zea mays L.) under potted environment at the botanic garden of University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. Method The loamy soils in different pots (5.0 kg each) were polluted with crude oil in six factorial treatments set (0.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0%, 8.0% and 10.0%) and allowed for two weeks. Thereafter, the polluted soils were subjected to different organic manure amendment: poultry-manure, cow-dung, saw-dust, combined poultry-manure + cow-dung, combined poultry-manure + saw-dust and combined cow-dung + saw-dust manures with two sets of control: polluted soil + no organic manure and non-polluted soil + no organic manure. The amended soils were allowed for two weeks before sowing viable maize seeds and the seedling monitored every two weeks after germination for a period of eight weeks. Results Crude oil pollution impaired the maize seed germination, growth and development. Organic manures amendments of polluted-soil significantly improved (P < 0.05) maize plant agronomic characteristics with combined manures especially poultry-manure + cow-dung showing highest improvement than other combined or single manure treatment. Conclusion Combined organic manures amendments of crude oil polluted soil especially cow-dung + saw-dust were found to be environmentally friendly and beneficial for maize crop production.
{"title":"Effects of organic manures bioremediation on growth performance of Maize ( Zea mays L.) in crude oil polluted soil","authors":"S. E. Obasi, N. Obasi, Ephraim O Nwankwo, B. N. Enemchukwu, R. I. Igbolekwu, J. O. Nkama","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1899855.1073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1899855.1073","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Crude oil pollution adversely affects the environment and its remediation presents significant challenge due to its complex nature. Bioremediation approaches have proved effective and the use of organic wastes makes the process eco-friendly. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of organic manures amendments of crude oil polluted soil on the growth and performance of maize (Zea mays L.) under potted environment at the botanic garden of University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. \u0000Method The loamy soils in different pots (5.0 kg each) were polluted with crude oil in six factorial treatments set (0.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0%, 8.0% and 10.0%) and allowed for two weeks. Thereafter, the polluted soils were subjected to different organic manure amendment: poultry-manure, cow-dung, saw-dust, combined poultry-manure + cow-dung, combined poultry-manure + saw-dust and combined cow-dung + saw-dust manures with two sets of control: polluted soil + no organic manure and non-polluted soil + no organic manure. The amended soils were allowed for two weeks before sowing viable maize seeds and the seedling monitored every two weeks after germination for a period of eight weeks. \u0000Results Crude oil pollution impaired the maize seed germination, growth and development. Organic manures amendments of polluted-soil significantly improved (P < 0.05) maize plant agronomic characteristics with combined manures especially poultry-manure + cow-dung showing highest improvement than other combined or single manure treatment. \u0000Conclusion Combined organic manures amendments of crude oil polluted soil especially cow-dung + saw-dust were found to be environmentally friendly and beneficial for maize crop production.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81505996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1901014.1083
José Francisco García Molano, Joel David Parra Alba, Luis Alexander Páez Guevara
Purpose Urban organic solid waste (UOSW) has great potential to be transformed into solid and liquid organic fertilizers, thus avoiding its accumulation in landfills and reducing the environmental impact caused by the generation of gases and leachates. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the management of the UOSW in the municipality of Paipa as raw material for obtaining solid organic fertilizer through composting and a liquid fertilizer through fermentation. Method The UOSW of Paipa was combined with inorganic salts such as carbonates, phosphates, sulfates and source of carbohydrates to enrich its bacterial load and chemical composition. The content of essential nutrients that contribute to good soil-plant synergy, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms in the primary and final material were determined. Results The experiment showed a high COO load, between 24-35%, and similar values in organic N content in the primary materials. Heavy metals were found below the minimum allowed by the CTS 5167 of 2011 for the organic solid residue, and no pathogenic microorganisms were found. Composting and fermentation processes improved the physical-chemical properties of the materials; however, the liquid mineral organic fertilizer did not comply with the established parameters, while the solid one was in compliance with the requirements. Conclusion After a period of 4 months, the study showed that solid UOSW from the municipality of Paipa can be used as a potential source for producing organic fertilizers by adding nutrients in mineral forms, complying with the nutrient requirements for plants and soil feeding organisms.
{"title":"Characterization of composted organic solid fertilizer and fermented liquid fertilizer produced from the urban organic solid waste in Paipa, Boyacá, Colombia","authors":"José Francisco García Molano, Joel David Parra Alba, Luis Alexander Páez Guevara","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1901014.1083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1901014.1083","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Urban organic solid waste (UOSW) has great potential to be transformed into solid and liquid organic fertilizers, thus avoiding its accumulation in landfills and reducing the environmental impact caused by the generation of gases and leachates. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the management of the UOSW in the municipality of Paipa as raw material for obtaining solid organic fertilizer through composting and a liquid fertilizer through fermentation. \u0000Method The UOSW of Paipa was combined with inorganic salts such as carbonates, phosphates, sulfates and source of carbohydrates to enrich its bacterial load and chemical composition. The content of essential nutrients that contribute to good soil-plant synergy, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms in the primary and final material were determined. \u0000Results The experiment showed a high COO load, between 24-35%, and similar values in organic N content in the primary materials. Heavy metals were found below the minimum allowed by the CTS 5167 of 2011 for the organic solid residue, and no pathogenic microorganisms were found. Composting and fermentation processes improved the physical-chemical properties of the materials; however, the liquid mineral organic fertilizer did not comply with the established parameters, while the solid one was in compliance with the requirements. \u0000Conclusion After a period of 4 months, the study showed that solid UOSW from the municipality of Paipa can be used as a potential source for producing organic fertilizers by adding nutrients in mineral forms, complying with the nutrient requirements for plants and soil feeding organisms.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84518873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1910637.1139
H. Sayğı
Purpose In this study, the effects of green manure and animal waste on economic of strawberry yield, fruit quality and soil fertility were investigated. Method The experiment was set up with four replicates in a randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of green manure parcels divided into two parts and green manure + poultry manure slurry were given to one part, and the other part was not applied complete. Seed planting was carried out in the first year of the experiment (2015) while strawberry plants were removed during the second year (2016) and the seeds of green manure plants were planted. Soja hispida [Soja] and Vigna sinensis [Cowpea] plants were mown and mixed into the soil when they were in bloom. Results The results from the study shows that the yield realized from control plot during first year was between 10.68 and 22.33 t ha-1, second year yield was between 8.81 and 23.39 t ha-1 and third year was 10.68 and 16.98 t ha-1. After harvest, soil organic matter content increased by 12% in the first year and 5.10% in the second year in green manure + poultry manure slurry application, the total nitrogen content increased by 75% in the first year and 10% in the second year. In the fruit, it gave higher content of Vitamin C and nitrate level. Conclusion From our findings, it was discovered that green manure and poultry manure slurry gave better results in terms of fruit yield, quality, soil fertility and economy.
目的研究绿肥和动物粪便对草莓产量、果实品质和土壤肥力的经济影响。方法采用完全随机区组设计，设4个重复。绿肥包施分为两部分，其中一部分施绿肥+禽粪浆，另一部分不施完整。实验第一年(2015年)播种，第二年(2016年)移去草莓植株，种植绿肥植株种子。大豆(Soja hispida)和豇豆(Vigna sinensis)植物在开花时被割下并混入土壤中。结果研究表明，对照区第一年产量为10.68 ~ 22.33 t ha-1，第二年产量为8.81 ~ 23.39 t ha-1，第三年产量为10.68 ~ 16.98 t ha-1。收获后，绿肥+鸡粪浆施用土壤有机质含量第一年提高12%，第二年提高5.10%，全氮含量第一年提高75%，第二年提高10%。果实中维生素C和硝酸盐含量较高。结论绿肥和禽粪浆在果实产量、品质、土壤肥力和经济性方面具有较好的效果。
{"title":"Effects of green manure and poultry manure on strawberry production and soil fertility","authors":"H. Sayğı","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1910637.1139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1910637.1139","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose In this study, the effects of green manure and animal waste on economic of strawberry yield, fruit quality and soil fertility were investigated. \u0000Method The experiment was set up with four replicates in a randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of green manure parcels divided into two parts and green manure + poultry manure slurry were given to one part, and the other part was not applied complete. Seed planting was carried out in the first year of the experiment (2015) while strawberry plants were removed during the second year (2016) and the seeds of green manure plants were planted. Soja hispida [Soja] and Vigna sinensis [Cowpea] plants were mown and mixed into the soil when they were in bloom. \u0000Results The results from the study shows that the yield realized from control plot during first year was between 10.68 and 22.33 t ha-1, second year yield was between 8.81 and 23.39 t ha-1 and third year was 10.68 and 16.98 t ha-1. After harvest, soil organic matter content increased by 12% in the first year and 5.10% in the second year in green manure + poultry manure slurry application, the total nitrogen content increased by 75% in the first year and 10% in the second year. In the fruit, it gave higher content of Vitamin C and nitrate level. \u0000Conclusion From our findings, it was discovered that green manure and poultry manure slurry gave better results in terms of fruit yield, quality, soil fertility and economy.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78287337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1904563.1103
M. Mochache, R. Yegon, O. Ng’etich
Purpose To investigate the effect of vermicomposted kitchen, market and tea wastes on tomato growth and yield and assess the benefits and costs that arise. Method A field experiment arranged in the randomized complete block design with five experimental treatments: vermicomposted kitchen, market, tea wastes, NPK fertilizer and a control, replicated thrice was conducted. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flower stalks, fruit number, fruit weight, above-ground biomass, marketable tomato yield, soil nutrient content, pH, texture and exchangeable acidity. Data obtained were analyzed using SAS version 9.4 by subjecting to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Biophysical crop data means were separated using Tukey’s Studentized Range (HSD) test at p=0.05 significance level. T-test was used to determine the difference in soil nutrient content (Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Carbon (C)) at the beginning and end of the study. The benefits and costs were analyzed using the benefit-cost ratio formula. Results The three vermicomposts had a similar effect (p>0.05) in influencing most of the tomato crop variables such as plant height, leaves number, branch number and flower stalks number. Tea waste vermicompost and kitchen waste vermicompost gave significantly high tomato yields of 115 t ha-1 and 113 t ha-1 at p=0.0001 as well as the highest benefit-cost ratio of 1.4:1. Conclusion Tea, market and kitchen wastes have a potential for use in the production of high-quality vermicompost that can be used as a soil amendment to enhance tomato performance.
目的研究厨房垃圾、菜市场垃圾和茶叶垃圾蚯蚓堆肥对番茄生长和产量的影响，并评估其效益和成本。方法采用随机完全区组设计，采用厨房蚯蚓堆肥处理、菜市场蚯蚓堆肥处理、茶渣蚯蚓堆肥处理、氮磷钾肥料处理和对照5种处理，重复3次。收集了株高、叶数、枝数、花柄数、果数、果重、地上生物量、市售番茄产量、土壤养分含量、pH、质地和交换酸度等数据。所得数据采用SAS version 9.4进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA)。作物生物物理数据均值采用Tukey 's Studentized Range (HSD)检验，p=0.05显著水平。采用t检验测定研究开始和结束时土壤养分含量(氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、碳(C))的差异。利用效益-成本比公式对效益和成本进行了分析。结果3种蚯蚓堆肥对番茄株高、叶数、枝数、花柄数等作物性状影响相似(p>0.05)。茶渣蚯蚓堆肥和厨余蚯蚓堆肥的番茄产量分别为115 t ha-1和113 t ha-1, p=0.0001，效益成本比最高，为1.4:1。结论茶叶垃圾、菜市场垃圾和厨余垃圾具有生产优质蚯蚓堆肥的潜力，可作为土壤改良剂提高番茄生产性能。
{"title":"Performance of vermicomposted wastes for tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.), production: A case study of Embu, Kenya","authors":"M. Mochache, R. Yegon, O. Ng’etich","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1904563.1103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1904563.1103","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To investigate the effect of vermicomposted kitchen, market and tea wastes on tomato growth and yield and assess the benefits and costs that arise. \u0000Method A field experiment arranged in the randomized complete block design with five experimental treatments: vermicomposted kitchen, market, tea wastes, NPK fertilizer and a control, replicated thrice was conducted. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flower stalks, fruit number, fruit weight, above-ground biomass, marketable tomato yield, soil nutrient content, pH, texture and exchangeable acidity. Data obtained were analyzed using SAS version 9.4 by subjecting to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Biophysical crop data means were separated using Tukey’s Studentized Range (HSD) test at p=0.05 significance level. T-test was used to determine the difference in soil nutrient content (Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Carbon (C)) at the beginning and end of the study. The benefits and costs were analyzed using the benefit-cost ratio formula. \u0000Results The three vermicomposts had a similar effect (p>0.05) in influencing most of the tomato crop variables such as plant height, leaves number, branch number and flower stalks number. Tea waste vermicompost and kitchen waste vermicompost gave significantly high tomato yields of 115 t ha-1 and 113 t ha-1 at p=0.0001 as well as the highest benefit-cost ratio of 1.4:1. \u0000Conclusion Tea, market and kitchen wastes have a potential for use in the production of high-quality vermicompost that can be used as a soil amendment to enhance tomato performance.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"212 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76879719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1906342.1115
Youness Bouhia, M. Hafidi, Y. Ouhdouch, Mohammed Boukhari, Y. Zeroual, K. Lyamlouli
Purpose The deterioration of agricultural soil can be alleviated by maintaining an appropriate level of soil organic matter by using organic amendments such as compost and biochar. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olive waste-based compost, wood-based biochar and their combination on the chemical and microbial properties of loamy clay soil and the agrophysiological traits of maize. Method Zea mays was grown under greenhouse conditions for 3 months in pots filled with alkaline soil collected from 0-30 cm depth. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 replicates and 3 treatments: compost-soil [1:10 (v/v)], biochar-soil [1:20 (v/v)] and (1:2)-ratio biochar-compost combination (BCC). ResultsBiochar addition singly or in BCC increased soil TOC, EC, and pH. Furthermore, adding biochar to compost increased the levels of macro- and micronutrients compared to those under single application of biochar. The soil fertility improved significantly with regard to available phosphorus and potassium, nitrogen, and micronutrients. Single application of biochar had a negative impact on mycorrhizal symbiosis and was statistically insignificant for soil viable cultivable microorganisms. Conclusion Overall, single application of compost gave the best results in terms of plant growth and soil fertility improvement; thus, a synergistic effect of both amendments was not observed, which could be due to the quantity of the applied biochar and the duration of the experiment.
{"title":"Effect of the co-application of olive waste-based compost and biochar on soil fertility and Zea mays agrophysiological traits","authors":"Youness Bouhia, M. Hafidi, Y. Ouhdouch, Mohammed Boukhari, Y. Zeroual, K. Lyamlouli","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1906342.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1906342.1115","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The deterioration of agricultural soil can be alleviated by maintaining an appropriate level of soil organic matter by using organic amendments such as compost and biochar. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olive waste-based compost, wood-based biochar and their combination on the chemical and microbial properties of loamy clay soil and the agrophysiological traits of maize. Method Zea mays was grown under greenhouse conditions for 3 months in pots filled with alkaline soil collected from 0-30 cm depth. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 replicates and 3 treatments: compost-soil [1:10 (v/v)], biochar-soil [1:20 (v/v)] and (1:2)-ratio biochar-compost combination (BCC). ResultsBiochar addition singly or in BCC increased soil TOC, EC, and pH. Furthermore, adding biochar to compost increased the levels of macro- and micronutrients compared to those under single application of biochar. The soil fertility improved significantly with regard to available phosphorus and potassium, nitrogen, and micronutrients. Single application of biochar had a negative impact on mycorrhizal symbiosis and was statistically insignificant for soil viable cultivable microorganisms. Conclusion Overall, single application of compost gave the best results in terms of plant growth and soil fertility improvement; thus, a synergistic effect of both amendments was not observed, which could be due to the quantity of the applied biochar and the duration of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"30 1","pages":"111-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90566469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1909797.1135
G. Pellejero, J. Palacios, E. Vela, O. Gajardo, Luis Albrecht, G. Aschkar, Amelia Chrorolque, F. García-Navarro, R. Jiménez-Ballesta
Purpose The main objective of the study was to evaluate the application of different doses of onion residue compost as mixtures with bovine manure as organic fertilizers for a round tomato crop planted in the field. Method The data were obtained experimentally in pilot fields. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 m2 plots with ten plants each as an experimental unit and with three replications per treatment (2 years). Five treatments were tested, namely one unfertilized control, three with organic fertilization and one mineral treatment. The variables measured were plant height (cm), stem base diameter (cm), fresh plant weight (g) and total dry matter (%). The parameters measured for the fruit were fresh fruit weight (g), fruit length (mm), fruit width (mm) and total soluble solids. Results The application of compost from the degradation of onion residues as mixtures with cow manure had positive effects on the growth of the plant and on the development of tomato fruit. Compost doses of 60 Mg ha–1 and 80 Mg ha–1 gave similar values to chemical treatment and the control without fertilization was significantly lower than those with doses of organic and chemical fertilizer. These results indicate that this compost contains the nutrients required by the tomato crop for growth and development. Conclusion It was concluded that the agricultural use of quality compost is an effective strategy to obtain high quality products in an economically viable and environmentally sustainable way.
{"title":"Effect of the application of compost as an organic fertilizer on a tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) produced in the field in the Lower Valley of the Río Negro (Argentina)","authors":"G. Pellejero, J. Palacios, E. Vela, O. Gajardo, Luis Albrecht, G. Aschkar, Amelia Chrorolque, F. García-Navarro, R. Jiménez-Ballesta","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1909797.1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1909797.1135","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The main objective of the study was to evaluate the application of different doses of onion residue compost as mixtures with bovine manure as organic fertilizers for a round tomato crop planted in the field. Method The data were obtained experimentally in pilot fields. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 m2 plots with ten plants each as an experimental unit and with three replications per treatment (2 years). Five treatments were tested, namely one unfertilized control, three with organic fertilization and one mineral treatment. The variables measured were plant height (cm), stem base diameter (cm), fresh plant weight (g) and total dry matter (%). The parameters measured for the fruit were fresh fruit weight (g), fruit length (mm), fruit width (mm) and total soluble solids. Results The application of compost from the degradation of onion residues as mixtures with cow manure had positive effects on the growth of the plant and on the development of tomato fruit. Compost doses of 60 Mg ha–1 and 80 Mg ha–1 gave similar values to chemical treatment and the control without fertilization was significantly lower than those with doses of organic and chemical fertilizer. These results indicate that this compost contains the nutrients required by the tomato crop for growth and development. Conclusion It was concluded that the agricultural use of quality compost is an effective strategy to obtain high quality products in an economically viable and environmentally sustainable way.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"21 1","pages":"145-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85012803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1900496.1077
R. R. G. Filho, Silvaneide Lobo da Silva, C. M. Carvalho, G. G. Faccioli, T. P. Nunes, Simone Oliveira Feitosa, L. L. S. Carvalho
Purpose To evaluate the development of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), variety of BRS Pontal, in protected environment, irrigated with different irrigation levels due to crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and concentrations of treated domestic wastewater. Method The experiment was carried out in a protected environment using an experimental design arranged in randomized blocks with a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, in which the bean crop was submitted to different concentrations of 0, 50 and 100% of the treated domestic wastewater and four irrigation levels corresponding to 50%, 75%, 100% and 125% of crop evapotranspiration and four replications. The data to estimate crop evapotranspiration using the FAO 56 Penman-Monteith method were obtained from a meteorological station installed inside the protected environment. Results The irrigation levels and the interaction with the concentrations of treated domestic wastewater significantly influenced the stem diameter, height and number of bean leaves at a level of 1%, while the concentrations did not significantly influence the number of leaves. Conclusion The treated domestic wastewater contained enough nutrients to meet the nutritional needs of the bean crop in relation to the treatment that received only water from the supply system. The use of treated domestic wastewater may constitute an alternative to save quality water in the growing of bean.
{"title":"Development of BRS-Pontal beans growing with treated domestic wastewater in protected environment","authors":"R. R. G. Filho, Silvaneide Lobo da Silva, C. M. Carvalho, G. G. Faccioli, T. P. Nunes, Simone Oliveira Feitosa, L. L. S. Carvalho","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1900496.1077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1900496.1077","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To evaluate the development of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), variety of BRS Pontal, in protected environment, irrigated with different irrigation levels due to crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and concentrations of treated domestic wastewater. Method The experiment was carried out in a protected environment using an experimental design arranged in randomized blocks with a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, in which the bean crop was submitted to different concentrations of 0, 50 and 100% of the treated domestic wastewater and four irrigation levels corresponding to 50%, 75%, 100% and 125% of crop evapotranspiration and four replications. The data to estimate crop evapotranspiration using the FAO 56 Penman-Monteith method were obtained from a meteorological station installed inside the protected environment. Results The irrigation levels and the interaction with the concentrations of treated domestic wastewater significantly influenced the stem diameter, height and number of bean leaves at a level of 1%, while the concentrations did not significantly influence the number of leaves. Conclusion The treated domestic wastewater contained enough nutrients to meet the nutritional needs of the bean crop in relation to the treatment that received only water from the supply system. The use of treated domestic wastewater may constitute an alternative to save quality water in the growing of bean.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"5 1","pages":"167-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73231022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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