Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1933189.1274
E. K. Eifediyi, A. Imam, H. Ahamefule, F. Ogedegbe, Heophilus Olufemi Isimikalu
Purpose Sawdust, an organic residue abounds in many parts of Nigeria; they often block drainage channels, sometimes burnt to further aggravate the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, it can be harnessed as soil amendment. Method A field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria during the 2018 and 2019 wet seasons to evaluate the performance of four sesame varieties using sawdust biochar. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, replicated four times. The main plots consisted of four varieties of Sesame (E-8, Ex-Sudan, NCRI-Ben001M, and NCRI-Ben002M), the subplots were sawdust biochar (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Mgha-1). Data were collected on water holding capacity, plant height, and number of leaves, leaf area index, and yield per hectare. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using new Duncan Multiple Range test at 5% level of probability. Results Results showed significant (Ƿ ˂0.05) effects of variety, and sawdust biochar rates on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index, crop growth rate and yield per hectare. Variety NCRI-Ben001M gave a yield of 670 kgha-1 at the application rate of 15 tha-1 sawdust biochar (676 kgha-1) compared to the average yield of sesame in Nigeria. Conclusion Farmers are therefore encouraged to cultivate NCRI-Ben001M variety and use saw dust biochar at the rate of 15 Mg ha-1 for optimum yield.
{"title":"Influence of sawdust biochar application on the growth, morphological characters and yield of four varieties of sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)","authors":"E. K. Eifediyi, A. Imam, H. Ahamefule, F. Ogedegbe, Heophilus Olufemi Isimikalu","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1933189.1274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1933189.1274","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Sawdust, an organic residue abounds in many parts of Nigeria; they often block drainage channels, sometimes burnt to further aggravate the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, it can be harnessed as soil amendment. \u0000Method A field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria during the 2018 and 2019 wet seasons to evaluate the performance of four sesame varieties using sawdust biochar. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, replicated four times. The main plots consisted of four varieties of Sesame (E-8, Ex-Sudan, NCRI-Ben001M, and NCRI-Ben002M), the subplots were sawdust biochar (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Mgha-1). Data were collected on water holding capacity, plant height, and number of leaves, leaf area index, and yield per hectare. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using new Duncan Multiple Range test at 5% level of probability. \u0000Results Results showed significant (Ƿ ˂0.05) effects of variety, and sawdust biochar rates on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index, crop growth rate and yield per hectare. Variety NCRI-Ben001M gave a yield of 670 kgha-1 at the application rate of 15 tha-1 sawdust biochar (676 kgha-1) compared to the average yield of sesame in Nigeria. \u0000Conclusion Farmers are therefore encouraged to cultivate NCRI-Ben001M variety and use saw dust biochar at the rate of 15 Mg ha-1 for optimum yield.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76255269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-07DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1920124.1192
D. A. Pinzon-Nuñez, Carlos Alberto Adarme-Duran, L. Vargas-Fiallo, Nélson F. Rodríguez-López, C. Ríos-Reyes
Purpose The role of cocoa pod husk waste in soil cadmium contamination has been largely overlooked. Hence, this study aims to provide a strategy for the management of cocoa pod husk waste when representing a pollution menace for cocoa plantations.Method Cocoa pod husks waste was subjected to composting and pyrolysis for decreasing the heavy metal content. Biochar and compost were characterized using SEM-EDS, and FTIR-ATR. Macro and micronutrients (Mg, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Na), and Cd were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Sorption experiments and soil incubation experiments for two months were also carried out looking for an application of CPH materials in Cd sorption and remediation.Results Pyrolysis showed more effectiveness for Cd reduction in cocoa pod husk waste (90%) than composting (66%), 700 ℃ was the optimal temperature. Equilibrium isotherm experiments showed maximum Cd adsorption of 21.58 mg g-1 for Bc700 in solution. Biochar showed a small reduction of available Cd in naturally contaminated soil. Both materials have the potential to be used as organic fertilizer because of their high nutrient contents.Conclusion Biochar is an alternative to compost for the management of post-harvest cocoa wastes contaminated with Cd.
{"title":"Biochar as a waste management strategy for cadmium contaminated cocoa pod husk residues","authors":"D. A. Pinzon-Nuñez, Carlos Alberto Adarme-Duran, L. Vargas-Fiallo, Nélson F. Rodríguez-López, C. Ríos-Reyes","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1920124.1192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1920124.1192","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The role of cocoa pod husk waste in soil cadmium contamination has been largely overlooked. Hence, this study aims to provide a strategy for the management of cocoa pod husk waste when representing a pollution menace for cocoa plantations.Method Cocoa pod husks waste was subjected to composting and pyrolysis for decreasing the heavy metal content. Biochar and compost were characterized using SEM-EDS, and FTIR-ATR. Macro and micronutrients (Mg, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Na), and Cd were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Sorption experiments and soil incubation experiments for two months were also carried out looking for an application of CPH materials in Cd sorption and remediation.Results Pyrolysis showed more effectiveness for Cd reduction in cocoa pod husk waste (90%) than composting (66%), 700 ℃ was the optimal temperature. Equilibrium isotherm experiments showed maximum Cd adsorption of 21.58 mg g-1 for Bc700 in solution. Biochar showed a small reduction of available Cd in naturally contaminated soil. Both materials have the potential to be used as organic fertilizer because of their high nutrient contents.Conclusion Biochar is an alternative to compost for the management of post-harvest cocoa wastes contaminated with Cd.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79579977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1919606.1176
R. Zuhair, A. I. Al-Assiuty, M. Khalil, W. Salama
Purpose Organic solid wastes contain tremendous amounts of nutrients and beneficial microbes that cause environmental problems, such as pollution and shortage of dumping sites. Vermicomposting, considered as one of the most suitable stabilization and mass reduction methods, has been recognized for biowastes. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial diversity and analyze the ability of vermicompost produced from poultry litter, household, and guano of both insectivorous and frugivorous bats to reduce root-knot nematode's infection.Method The assessment of microbial diversity was carried out by amplification of 16s rRNA gene in bacteria habitant in vermicomposit . Nitrogen content, organic carbon constituent and heavy metal concentration were evaluated.Results The results obtained showed that organic matter ranged between 27.6% to 35.2%, while, C/N ratio was2.9 to 5.5 in the amended vermicomposite. Also, there is a remarkable reduction in root-knot nematode infection after vermicopositing with organic wastes. Interstingly, the obtained bacterial species were Archangium gephyra, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Clostridium ultunense, Azospirillum sp. and Bacillus sp in biowastes.Conclusion According to these results, the produced vermicompost from different biodegradable wastes possesses bacterial diversity, lowers heavy metals' concentration, enhances plant growth parameter, and increases plant resistance against nematode infection.
{"title":"Efficacy of vermicompost amended and bacterial diversity on plant growth and pathogen control","authors":"R. Zuhair, A. I. Al-Assiuty, M. Khalil, W. Salama","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1919606.1176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1919606.1176","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Organic solid wastes contain tremendous amounts of nutrients and beneficial microbes that cause environmental problems, such as pollution and shortage of dumping sites. Vermicomposting, considered as one of the most suitable stabilization and mass reduction methods, has been recognized for biowastes. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial diversity and analyze the ability of vermicompost produced from poultry litter, household, and guano of both insectivorous and frugivorous bats to reduce root-knot nematode's infection.Method The assessment of microbial diversity was carried out by amplification of 16s rRNA gene in bacteria habitant in vermicomposit . Nitrogen content, organic carbon constituent and heavy metal concentration were evaluated.Results The results obtained showed that organic matter ranged between 27.6% to 35.2%, while, C/N ratio was2.9 to 5.5 in the amended vermicomposite. Also, there is a remarkable reduction in root-knot nematode infection after vermicopositing with organic wastes. Interstingly, the obtained bacterial species were Archangium gephyra, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Clostridium ultunense, Azospirillum sp. and Bacillus sp in biowastes.Conclusion According to these results, the produced vermicompost from different biodegradable wastes possesses bacterial diversity, lowers heavy metals' concentration, enhances plant growth parameter, and increases plant resistance against nematode infection.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73478805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-30DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1926171.1219
M. L. Oliveira, J. C. Siqueira, M. P. Matos, L. Siniscalchi, Willian Brunoro Fim
Purpose Fertigation plays an important role in the so-called circular economy since it relies on the reuse of water and nutrients; therefore, this method is fundamental for production in areas with scarce resources. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fertigation of soil plots with sewage on soil attributes, germination of seeds, and growth of bean and corn. Method Due to the low concentrations of macronutrients in the sewage, the applied dose was calculated based on the water deficit. Three plots cultivated with maize and three plots cultivated with beans were fertigated, while the same number of plots received irrigation and mineral fertilization in amounts equivalent to the dose of nitrogen administered in the sewage for comparison. Results There was an increase in the cation exchange capacity (74.6%), nitrogen (10.4%), available phosphorus (190.5%), and organic matter (44.9%) contents in the fertigated soil compared to those in the soil of the plots that received chemical fertilization, resulting in greater germination and corn and bean growth. Analyses indicated that the coliform count in beans is below the detection limit of the technique used. Conclusion Based on the results obtained, there are indications that fertigation can provide improvements in soil attributes at values higher than those provided by chemical fertilization, reducing the need to apply these macronutrients and irrigation water to the soil. Furthermore, fertigation can be sanitary and safe, since the count of microorganisms in the beans was not higher than that recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
{"title":"Effects of fertigation with raw sewage on the vegetative development of maize and beans","authors":"M. L. Oliveira, J. C. Siqueira, M. P. Matos, L. Siniscalchi, Willian Brunoro Fim","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1926171.1219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1926171.1219","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Fertigation plays an important role in the so-called circular economy since it relies on the reuse of water and nutrients; therefore, this method is fundamental for production in areas with scarce resources. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fertigation of soil plots with sewage on soil attributes, germination of seeds, and growth of bean and corn. \u0000Method Due to the low concentrations of macronutrients in the sewage, the applied dose was calculated based on the water deficit. Three plots cultivated with maize and three plots cultivated with beans were fertigated, while the same number of plots received irrigation and mineral fertilization in amounts equivalent to the dose of nitrogen administered in the sewage for comparison. \u0000Results There was an increase in the cation exchange capacity (74.6%), nitrogen (10.4%), available phosphorus (190.5%), and organic matter (44.9%) contents in the fertigated soil compared to those in the soil of the plots that received chemical fertilization, resulting in greater germination and corn and bean growth. Analyses indicated that the coliform count in beans is below the detection limit of the technique used. \u0000Conclusion Based on the results obtained, there are indications that fertigation can provide improvements in soil attributes at values higher than those provided by chemical fertilization, reducing the need to apply these macronutrients and irrigation water to the soil. Furthermore, fertigation can be sanitary and safe, since the count of microorganisms in the beans was not higher than that recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89882897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1905540.1108
F. Esmaeili
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of compost and vermicompost of municipal solid waste application on the growth of Dracaena marginata tricolor. Then, the results of foliar application of compost tea and vermicompost tea on the plants were examined. Method Experimental treatments included compost and vermicompost of municipal solid waste in proportions of 50 and 70% combined with the perlite. Then we sprayed compost tea and vermicompost tea on the plants at a concentration of 10 ml. At the end of the study, the physical and chemical properties of the substrates, the amounts of macronutrients in the substrates and the plants, growth indices, as well as anthocyanin content, were evaluated. Results The results showed that conversion municipal solid waste compost to vermicompost improved the physical and chemical properties of this material and the absorption of nutrients. Also, the vegetative indices and anthocyanin content of this plant were positively affected. Foliar application of compost tea and vermicompost tea caused higher nutrient absorption and improved plant growth indices, except for dry root weight. In general, combining 50% of the organic components of substrates with perlite achieved better results. Conclusion Based on the findings, compost, and vermicompost of municipal solid waste are cheap and available alternatives to peat moss in the cultivation of Dracaena marginata tricolor. Also by spraying compost tea and vermicompost tea, it significantly improved the amounts of nutrients, vegetative indicators, and its appearance.
{"title":"Municipal solid waste compost and its derivatives, a suitable alternative to peat moss in the growth of Dracaena marginata tricolor","authors":"F. Esmaeili","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1905540.1108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1905540.1108","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of compost and vermicompost of municipal solid waste application on the growth of Dracaena marginata tricolor. Then, the results of foliar application of compost tea and vermicompost tea on the plants were examined. \u0000Method Experimental treatments included compost and vermicompost of municipal solid waste in proportions of 50 and 70% combined with the perlite. Then we sprayed compost tea and vermicompost tea on the plants at a concentration of 10 ml. At the end of the study, the physical and chemical properties of the substrates, the amounts of macronutrients in the substrates and the plants, growth indices, as well as anthocyanin content, were evaluated. \u0000Results The results showed that conversion municipal solid waste compost to vermicompost improved the physical and chemical properties of this material and the absorption of nutrients. Also, the vegetative indices and anthocyanin content of this plant were positively affected. Foliar application of compost tea and vermicompost tea caused higher nutrient absorption and improved plant growth indices, except for dry root weight. In general, combining 50% of the organic components of substrates with perlite achieved better results. \u0000Conclusion Based on the findings, compost, and vermicompost of municipal solid waste are cheap and available alternatives to peat moss in the cultivation of Dracaena marginata tricolor. Also by spraying compost tea and vermicompost tea, it significantly improved the amounts of nutrients, vegetative indicators, and its appearance.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85180351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-09DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1917918.1178
A. Lencina, Gustavo Romagnoli, Andrea Alonso, N. Ramos, C. D'Angelo, Lina Lett, S. Mestelan
Purpose Agronomic and environmental reasons force farmers to know the total P concentration of composted cattle manure. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy seems proper to obtain such information. For logistic reasons (carriage, storage, field application, etc.), a dry matter characterization is also needed.Method Thirty samples of feedlot compost at different stages of stability and maturity were studied. Samples were dried at 50°C for dry matter characterization. As a reference method to determine total P concentration, wet digestion and colorimetry were employed. The area of the P I line emission obtained by laser-induced ablation of the samples was measured to estimate the total P concentration. Randomized calibrations through a modified version of the Kennard-Stone algorithm based on the Mahalanobis distance were performed.Results Dry matter varied from 40% to 90%, and no pattern was found related to compost origin, maturity, or stability. The total P concentration of the studied compost ranged from 1800 ppm up to 11200 ppm. Almost 80% of the calibration fittings have an R2 ≥ 0.895. The mean validation error was less than 22% for about 80% of the calibrations, with a mean prediction error bound to 40%. Discarding outliers, the errors were reduced to 19% and 30%, respectively.Conclusion Water content must be considered in addition to other characterizations due to logistic implications. Calibrations with a 30 percent of prediction error were achieved, which seems enough as a first approximation to predict the total P content in compost for utilization in farms to recycle nutrients.
{"title":"Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy applied to cattle compost for phosphorus quantification","authors":"A. Lencina, Gustavo Romagnoli, Andrea Alonso, N. Ramos, C. D'Angelo, Lina Lett, S. Mestelan","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1917918.1178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1917918.1178","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Agronomic and environmental reasons force farmers to know the total P concentration of composted cattle manure. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy seems proper to obtain such information. For logistic reasons (carriage, storage, field application, etc.), a dry matter characterization is also needed.Method Thirty samples of feedlot compost at different stages of stability and maturity were studied. Samples were dried at 50°C for dry matter characterization. As a reference method to determine total P concentration, wet digestion and colorimetry were employed. The area of the P I line emission obtained by laser-induced ablation of the samples was measured to estimate the total P concentration. Randomized calibrations through a modified version of the Kennard-Stone algorithm based on the Mahalanobis distance were performed.Results Dry matter varied from 40% to 90%, and no pattern was found related to compost origin, maturity, or stability. The total P concentration of the studied compost ranged from 1800 ppm up to 11200 ppm. Almost 80% of the calibration fittings have an R2 ≥ 0.895. The mean validation error was less than 22% for about 80% of the calibrations, with a mean prediction error bound to 40%. Discarding outliers, the errors were reduced to 19% and 30%, respectively.Conclusion Water content must be considered in addition to other characterizations due to logistic implications. Calibrations with a 30 percent of prediction error were achieved, which seems enough as a first approximation to predict the total P content in compost for utilization in farms to recycle nutrients.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78246643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1904679.1105
Mariela Maldonado, M. Baigorí, Graciela Affranchino
Purpose Effluents from machined olive waters are highly polluting. These have high organic load values such as the biological demand of oxygen and the chemical demand of oxygen, salinity, and others, which far exceed current regulations. The objective of this work was to achieve, through bioremediation by native microorganisms, the reduction of effluent contamination.Method Bioremediation was achieved by supplementing the effluent with a source of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the approximate ratio 100: 5: 1, under aerobic conditions at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) for a period of 7 to 14 days.Results The consortium of microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) was identified as: Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Kasamber 11, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 1816, Klebsiella sp. strain DE004, Enterobacter sp. DKU NT 01, Pseudomonas sp. KC31, Bacillus sp. MG06, Candida thaimueangensis NWP2-1, Klebsiella sp. SI-AL-1B, Bacillus pumilus strain LX11, Bacillus sp. B9 (2015b), Bacillus pumilus strain Y7, Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 16S, Candida thaimueangensis strain S04-2.2 and one microorganism without identification. A reduction of approximately 40-80% of specific parameters and contamination indicators such as biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and electrical conductivity was achieved.Conclusion The microbial consortium achieved the reduction of the original contamination of the effluent from "mechanized olives" by biostimulation, transforming it into a less contaminated liquid that could be used for other uses or destinations.
机械橄榄水排出的废水具有高污染。它们具有很高的有机负荷值，如生物对氧的需求和化学对氧的需求、盐度等，远远超过目前的规定。这项工作的目的是通过原生微生物的生物修复来减少污水污染。方法在室温(25±1°C)好氧条件下，以约100:5:1的比例向废水中添加碳、氮、磷源，进行7 ~ 14天的生物修复。结果鉴定出菌群(细菌和酵母)为:铜绿假单胞菌Kasamber 11、铜绿假单胞菌1816、克雷伯氏菌DE004、肠杆菌DKU NT 01、假单胞菌KC31、芽孢杆菌MG06、泰国假丝酵母NWP2-1、克雷伯氏菌SI-AL-1B、杆状芽孢杆菌LX11、芽孢杆菌B9 (2015b)、杆状芽孢杆菌Y7、Planomicrobium sp. MSSA-10 16S、泰国假丝酵母S04-2.2和一种未鉴定的微生物。生物需氧量(BOD5)、化学需氧量(COD)和电导率等特定参数和污染指标降低了约40-80%。结论微生物联合体通过生物刺激实现了“机械化橄榄”废水原有污染的降低，将其转化为污染较少的液体，可用于其他用途或目的地。
{"title":"Biodegradation of organic compounds and decrease in electrical conductivity by native consortium in effluents from the olive industry","authors":"Mariela Maldonado, M. Baigorí, Graciela Affranchino","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1904679.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1904679.1105","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Effluents from machined olive waters are highly polluting. These have high organic load values such as the biological demand of oxygen and the chemical demand of oxygen, salinity, and others, which far exceed current regulations. The objective of this work was to achieve, through bioremediation by native microorganisms, the reduction of effluent contamination.Method Bioremediation was achieved by supplementing the effluent with a source of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the approximate ratio 100: 5: 1, under aerobic conditions at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) for a period of 7 to 14 days.Results The consortium of microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) was identified as: Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Kasamber 11, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 1816, Klebsiella sp. strain DE004, Enterobacter sp. DKU NT 01, Pseudomonas sp. KC31, Bacillus sp. MG06, Candida thaimueangensis NWP2-1, Klebsiella sp. SI-AL-1B, Bacillus pumilus strain LX11, Bacillus sp. B9 (2015b), Bacillus pumilus strain Y7, Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 16S, Candida thaimueangensis strain S04-2.2 and one microorganism without identification. A reduction of approximately 40-80% of specific parameters and contamination indicators such as biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and electrical conductivity was achieved.Conclusion The microbial consortium achieved the reduction of the original contamination of the effluent from \"mechanized olives\" by biostimulation, transforming it into a less contaminated liquid that could be used for other uses or destinations.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74926657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1927528.1233
M. Ait-El-Mokhtar, Abdessamad Fakhech, R. Ben-Laouane, M. Anli, A. Boutasknit, Youssef Ait-Rahou, S. Wahbi, A. Meddich
Purpose In this study, the role of compost application in alleviating salt stress effects on date palm seedlings growth and development was investigated. Method The experiment was set in a randomized design, with or without green waste-based compost, and under two salinity levels (0 and 240 mM NaCl). Growth, mineral uptake, photosynthetic pigments content, oxidative stress markers' accumulation and antioxidant activity were assessed. Results Plants grown under saline condition showed low values of growth attributes while the application of compost increased these attributes under 240 mM NaCl. Salinity increased sodium (Na+) and chlorine (Cl-) ions concentration in plants and reduced phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) uptake. The presence of compost mitigated these effects by improving the concentrations of the essential elements (P, K+, N and Ca2+) in both plant shoots and roots and by limiting salt ion (Na+ and Cl-) toxicity and thereby induced higher K/Na and Ca/Na ratios. Furthermore, leaf water status, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic efficiency were increased and were coupled with high chlorophyll and protein concentrations in plants amended with compost under salt stress. NaCl stress induced high lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation; however, the application of compost lowered these two parameters in stressed plants through stimulation of the antioxidant enzymes activity and increasing soluble sugars and proline accumulation. Conclusion Results suggest that the green waste-based compost can boost date palm seedlings tolerance in salt-affected soils by mitigating the different adverse effects of salinity stress.
目的研究堆肥对缓解盐胁迫对枣椰树幼苗生长发育的影响。方法采用随机试验设计，添加和不添加绿色废弃物堆肥，在0和240 mM NaCl 2个盐度水平下进行试验。测定其生长、矿物质吸收、光合色素含量、氧化胁迫标志物积累和抗氧化活性。结果在盐水条件下生长的植株生长性状值较低，而在240 mM NaCl条件下施用堆肥可提高这些性状值。盐度增加了植物体内钠(Na+)和氯(Cl-)离子浓度，降低了植物对磷(P)、氮(N)、钾(K+)和钙(Ca2+)的吸收。堆肥的存在通过提高植物芽和根中必需元素(P、K+、N和Ca2+)的浓度，以及通过限制盐离子(Na+和Cl-)的毒性，从而诱导更高的K/Na和Ca/Na比率，减轻了这些影响。此外，在盐胁迫下，添加堆肥的植物叶片水分状况、气孔导度和光合效率均有所提高，并伴有较高的叶绿素和蛋白质浓度。NaCl胁迫诱导高脂质过氧化和H2O2积累;而堆肥通过刺激抗氧化酶活性，增加可溶性糖和脯氨酸积累，降低了胁迫植株的这两个参数。结论绿植废弃物堆肥可通过减轻盐胁迫的各种不利影响，提高枣树幼苗在盐渍化土壤中的耐受性。
{"title":"Compost as an eco-friendly alternative to mitigate salt-induced effects on growth, nutritional, physiological and biochemical responses of date palm","authors":"M. Ait-El-Mokhtar, Abdessamad Fakhech, R. Ben-Laouane, M. Anli, A. Boutasknit, Youssef Ait-Rahou, S. Wahbi, A. Meddich","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1927528.1233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1927528.1233","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose In this study, the role of compost application in alleviating salt stress effects on date palm seedlings growth and development was investigated. \u0000Method The experiment was set in a randomized design, with or without green waste-based compost, and under two salinity levels (0 and 240 mM NaCl). Growth, mineral uptake, photosynthetic pigments content, oxidative stress markers' accumulation and antioxidant activity were assessed. \u0000Results Plants grown under saline condition showed low values of growth attributes while the application of compost increased these attributes under 240 mM NaCl. Salinity increased sodium (Na+) and chlorine (Cl-) ions concentration in plants and reduced phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) uptake. The presence of compost mitigated these effects by improving the concentrations of the essential elements (P, K+, N and Ca2+) in both plant shoots and roots and by limiting salt ion (Na+ and Cl-) toxicity and thereby induced higher K/Na and Ca/Na ratios. Furthermore, leaf water status, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic efficiency were increased and were coupled with high chlorophyll and protein concentrations in plants amended with compost under salt stress. NaCl stress induced high lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation; however, the application of compost lowered these two parameters in stressed plants through stimulation of the antioxidant enzymes activity and increasing soluble sugars and proline accumulation. \u0000Conclusion Results suggest that the green waste-based compost can boost date palm seedlings tolerance in salt-affected soils by mitigating the different adverse effects of salinity stress.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73133477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-04DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1910530.1140
Gul. Bahar. Poussio, M. Abro, R. Syed, M. I. Khaskheli, Jamal-u-ddin Hajano
Purpose The investigation of the different plant waste parts for ecofriendly management of Fusarium sp. was carried out. Method The disease associated fungus was isolated from the diseased specimen and purified. The twelve different aqueous plant extracts were prepared and evaluated against test pathogen in laboratory, pots and in filed conditions. Results Among the tested aqueous plant extracts the neem seed, thorn apple, garlic, neem leaves and eucalyptus were found the most effective providing highest growth inhibition percent of test fungus. The lowest plant mortality and disease incidence percent, maximum plant biomass and minimum root infection percent were observed in plans treated with neem leaves, neem seed, garlic, thorn apple and eucalyptus extracts in pot experiment. In field experiment, the extracts of neem leaves, thorn apple and neem seed produced the lowest disease incidence and mortality percentage as compared to other extracts. The extract of garlic was noted as moderate effective among the treatments. The eucalyptus extract was found as less effective. The maximum height and weight of individual plant was observed in the treatment of neem leaves than in neem seed, garlic, eucalyptus, and thorn apple extracts. Significantly, the highest fruit yield was recorded in plant treated with neem leaves extracts followed by neem seed, garlic, eucalyptus, and thorn apple. Conclusion The study showed that neem leaves, neem seed and garlic, eucalyptus and thorn apple extracts are potential aqueous extracts for ecofriendly management of tomato fusarium wilt disease.
{"title":"Eco-friendly management of tomato wilt disease caused by Fusarium sp. in Sindh Province, Pakistan","authors":"Gul. Bahar. Poussio, M. Abro, R. Syed, M. I. Khaskheli, Jamal-u-ddin Hajano","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1910530.1140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1910530.1140","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The investigation of the different plant waste parts for ecofriendly management of Fusarium sp. was carried out. \u0000Method The disease associated fungus was isolated from the diseased specimen and purified. The twelve different aqueous plant extracts were prepared and evaluated against test pathogen in laboratory, pots and in filed conditions. \u0000Results Among the tested aqueous plant extracts the neem seed, thorn apple, garlic, neem leaves and eucalyptus were found the most effective providing highest growth inhibition percent of test fungus. The lowest plant mortality and disease incidence percent, maximum plant biomass and minimum root infection percent were observed in plans treated with neem leaves, neem seed, garlic, thorn apple and eucalyptus extracts in pot experiment. In field experiment, the extracts of neem leaves, thorn apple and neem seed produced the lowest disease incidence and mortality percentage as compared to other extracts. The extract of garlic was noted as moderate effective among the treatments. The eucalyptus extract was found as less effective. The maximum height and weight of individual plant was observed in the treatment of neem leaves than in neem seed, garlic, eucalyptus, and thorn apple extracts. Significantly, the highest fruit yield was recorded in plant treated with neem leaves extracts followed by neem seed, garlic, eucalyptus, and thorn apple. \u0000Conclusion The study showed that neem leaves, neem seed and garlic, eucalyptus and thorn apple extracts are potential aqueous extracts for ecofriendly management of tomato fusarium wilt disease.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83776767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1902872.1090
B. Chaka, Evans K. Suter, Olal Wyclife, O. Aloys, M.A. Martín, Marjan Abdallah, Kehongo Moses, Geoffrey Mwendwa, Fredrick A. Omondi
Purpose Application of Tithonia diversifolia leaves as organic fertilizer is common in most rural regions in Africa. There is usually time period for curing between preparation and application stage. However, this curing period leads to reduction in fertilizer efficiency. This study aimed at analyzing the change in functional groups, particle morphology, size and elemental composition from preparation and application stages of T. diversifolia leaves as organic fertilizer. Method The fertilizer was synthesized from T. diversifolia leaves. The synthesized fertilizer was stored at room temperature and pressure conditions for a grace period of 5 days; as is norm. Characterization of the samples at the two stages was done by FT-IR (functional groups), SEM (morphology), TEM (particle size) and EDS (elemental composition). Results The results indicated reduction or complete loss of amine groups and carboxylic groups over this period. The fertilizer particles agglomerated over the storage period. Particle size increased from 112 nm to 133 nm diameter. There was a significant variation in the elemental composition between preparation and application time of the fertilizer samples. Conclusion These findings prompt for better storage techniques to be used or reduction in curing and storage period of the fertilizers to minimize loss of plant nutrients.
{"title":"Time-course analysis of chemical and physical properties of organic fertilizer from Tithonia diversifolia leaves","authors":"B. Chaka, Evans K. Suter, Olal Wyclife, O. Aloys, M.A. Martín, Marjan Abdallah, Kehongo Moses, Geoffrey Mwendwa, Fredrick A. Omondi","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1902872.1090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1902872.1090","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Application of Tithonia diversifolia leaves as organic fertilizer is common in most rural regions in Africa. There is usually time period for curing between preparation and application stage. However, this curing period leads to reduction in fertilizer efficiency. This study aimed at analyzing the change in functional groups, particle morphology, size and elemental composition from preparation and application stages of T. diversifolia leaves as organic fertilizer. Method The fertilizer was synthesized from T. diversifolia leaves. The synthesized fertilizer was stored at room temperature and pressure conditions for a grace period of 5 days; as is norm. Characterization of the samples at the two stages was done by FT-IR (functional groups), SEM (morphology), TEM (particle size) and EDS (elemental composition). Results The results indicated reduction or complete loss of amine groups and carboxylic groups over this period. The fertilizer particles agglomerated over the storage period. Particle size increased from 112 nm to 133 nm diameter. There was a significant variation in the elemental composition between preparation and application time of the fertilizer samples. Conclusion These findings prompt for better storage techniques to be used or reduction in curing and storage period of the fertilizers to minimize loss of plant nutrients.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":"16 1","pages":"257-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76801469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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