Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1910968.1146
S. Huntley, A. Ansari
Purpose Organic waste is a serious concern across the globe contributed by human activity that can be managed by efficient process like vermicomposting which can reduce the waste that is dumped in landfills into useful product vermicompost. This research was conducted to study the bio-conversion of organic waste (fruit and vegetable waste) using Perionyx excavatus into quality vermicompost. Method Three organic waste treatments were used for the vermicomposting process: FW [Fruit waste + Cow Dung], VW [Vegetable waste + Cow Dung], FVW [Fruit waste + Vegetable waste + Cow Dung]. A control group was set up without earthworms for each treatment. The compost was harvested after 38 days, weighed and the rate of production per day was calculated. The harvested compost was then subjected to physico-chemical analysis to determine the nutrient status. Results The experimental group had a significant rate of production with higher quantity than the control groups. Vermicompost produced from vegetable waste was 515.45 g (51.55%) which was the highest among all the treatments. The lowest amount of compost was produced by the Fruit + Vegetable waste treatment in the control group (184.16 g). The nutrient status was within the acceptable range for the experimental groups. Conclusion Epigeic earthworm Perionyx excavatus is highly efficient in reducing organic waste (fruit and vegetable waste) into vermicompost enriched with nutrients necessary for plant growth.
{"title":"Vermicomposting evaluation of different combinations of organic waste using Perionyx excavates","authors":"S. Huntley, A. Ansari","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1910968.1146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1910968.1146","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Organic waste is a serious concern across the globe contributed by human activity that can be managed by efficient process like vermicomposting which can reduce the waste that is dumped in landfills into useful product vermicompost. This research was conducted to study the bio-conversion of organic waste (fruit and vegetable waste) using Perionyx excavatus into quality vermicompost. Method Three organic waste treatments were used for the vermicomposting process: FW [Fruit waste + Cow Dung], VW [Vegetable waste + Cow Dung], FVW [Fruit waste + Vegetable waste + Cow Dung]. A control group was set up without earthworms for each treatment. The compost was harvested after 38 days, weighed and the rate of production per day was calculated. The harvested compost was then subjected to physico-chemical analysis to determine the nutrient status. Results The experimental group had a significant rate of production with higher quantity than the control groups. Vermicompost produced from vegetable waste was 515.45 g (51.55%) which was the highest among all the treatments. The lowest amount of compost was produced by the Fruit + Vegetable waste treatment in the control group (184.16 g). The nutrient status was within the acceptable range for the experimental groups. Conclusion Epigeic earthworm Perionyx excavatus is highly efficient in reducing organic waste (fruit and vegetable waste) into vermicompost enriched with nutrients necessary for plant growth.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85149154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-22DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1908103.1124
M. Sultana, M. Jahiruddin, M. Islam, M. M. Rahman, A. Abedin, A. Mahmud
Purpose Our study had considered some organic amendments to enhance nutrient level of marketed municipal solid waste (MSW) compost for its potential use as fertilizer for growing crops in alluvial soils. Method We prepared three types of amended compost by mixing 20% mustard oil cake (MOC), and 30% poultry manure (PM) or cowdung (CD) or sugarcane press mud (SPM) with 50% MSW compost. The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) mineralization study was done in soil treated with three and amended and one unamended composts with three replications through an incubation experiment at a temperature of 25 ± 1°C for 82 days under aerobic (field capacity) and anaerobic (submerged) conditions. The mineralization data were fitted to the first-order kinetic model. Results The soil NO3--N content was 2-3 times higher in aerobic condition than in anaerobic condition, while the NH4+-N was higher in anaerobic soils. The kinetic model reveals that poultry manure and sugarcane press mud had higher capability to supply N for use by the crops. The P release was the highest at day 15 with three-time higher availability in anaerobic condition. The S mineralization in soil was higher in field capacity than in submerged condition. ConclusionThe compost mixture comprising MSW, MOC and SPM in a ratio of 5:2:3 demonstrated the highest cumulative N, P and S mineralization in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The N and S availability decreased while the P availability increased in submerged soils which result has fertilizer management implications for wet land rice crop.
{"title":"Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur mineralization in soil treated with amended municipal solid waste compost under aerobic and anaerobic conditions","authors":"M. Sultana, M. Jahiruddin, M. Islam, M. M. Rahman, A. Abedin, A. Mahmud","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1908103.1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1908103.1124","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Our study had considered some organic amendments to enhance nutrient level of marketed municipal solid waste (MSW) compost for its potential use as fertilizer for growing crops in alluvial soils. \u0000Method We prepared three types of amended compost by mixing 20% mustard oil cake (MOC), and 30% poultry manure (PM) or cowdung (CD) or sugarcane press mud (SPM) with 50% MSW compost. The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) mineralization study was done in soil treated with three and amended and one unamended composts with three replications through an incubation experiment at a temperature of 25 ± 1°C for 82 days under aerobic (field capacity) and anaerobic (submerged) conditions. The mineralization data \u0000were fitted to the first-order kinetic model. \u0000Results The soil NO3--N content was 2-3 times higher in aerobic condition than in anaerobic condition, while the NH4+-N was higher in anaerobic soils. The kinetic model reveals that poultry manure and sugarcane press mud had higher capability to supply N for use by the crops. The P release was the highest at day 15 with three-time higher availability in anaerobic condition. The S mineralization in soil was higher in field capacity than in submerged condition. \u0000ConclusionThe compost mixture comprising MSW, MOC and SPM in a ratio of 5:2:3 demonstrated the highest cumulative N, P and S mineralization in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The N and S availability decreased while the P availability increased in submerged soils which result has fertilizer management implications for wet land rice crop.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78015328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-22DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1909128.1132
P. Ferreira, Júlia Ferreira Xavier, Danielli Monsores Bertholoto, Dayanne A. Melo, T. R. Correia, S. Coelho, M. M. Souza, M. A. Leal, E. Araújo, I. Coelho
Purpose Animal production wastes are promising for use in agricultural production as a plant nutrient or soil conditioner. However, if not properly managed, they can contaminate the soil and plants, resulting in public health risks. Considering that the composting technique is recommended to ensure compost hygiene and agronomic viability, the present study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and parasitic load during the composting of residues from conventional and organic animal productions. Method The presence of Salmonella sp. and/or helminth eggs and the quantification of thermotolerant coliforms were determined in horse bedding and organic and conventional poultry litter during the process of composting. Results The initial load of thermotolerant coliforms was greater than 1017 MPN g-1 in the three raw materials. All of them showed a significant reduction in these bacteria at the end of the composting process, reaching 99.98%, 100.00%, and 99.80% in the horse bedding, organic poultry litter, and conventional poultry litter, respectively. All the fresh residues contained helminth eggs, with the horse bedding exhibiting the highest amount compared to the others. However, they all revealed an absence of helminth eggs at the end of the composting process. Salmonella sp. was absent in both the raw materials and the final compost. Conclusion Composting was effective in eliminating helminth eggs and reducing thermotolerant coliform levels. However, the final composts retained a higher pathogenic microbial load than that required by the current Brazilian legislation for use in agriculture.
{"title":"Effect of composting on the microbiological and parasitic load in animal production wastes in Brazil","authors":"P. Ferreira, Júlia Ferreira Xavier, Danielli Monsores Bertholoto, Dayanne A. Melo, T. R. Correia, S. Coelho, M. M. Souza, M. A. Leal, E. Araújo, I. Coelho","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1909128.1132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1909128.1132","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Animal production wastes are promising for use in agricultural production as a plant nutrient or soil conditioner. However, if not properly managed, they can contaminate the soil and plants, resulting in public health risks. Considering that the composting technique is recommended to ensure compost hygiene and agronomic viability, the present study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and parasitic load during the composting of residues from conventional and organic animal productions. Method The presence of Salmonella sp. and/or helminth eggs and the quantification of thermotolerant coliforms were determined in horse bedding and organic and conventional poultry litter during the process of composting. Results The initial load of thermotolerant coliforms was greater than 1017 MPN g-1 in the three raw materials. All of them showed a significant reduction in these bacteria at the end of the composting process, reaching 99.98%, 100.00%, and 99.80% in the horse bedding, organic poultry litter, and conventional poultry litter, respectively. All the fresh residues contained helminth eggs, with the horse bedding exhibiting the highest amount compared to the others. However, they all revealed an absence of helminth eggs at the end of the composting process. Salmonella sp. was absent in both the raw materials and the final compost. Conclusion Composting was effective in eliminating helminth eggs and reducing thermotolerant coliform levels. However, the final composts retained a higher pathogenic microbial load than that required by the current Brazilian legislation for use in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72444206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1903739.1098
D. Romanos, N. Nemer, Y. Khairallah, M. A. Saab
Purpose Management of sewage sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants is a big challenge for its potential reusage in agriculture. Most of the Lebanese local sludge is discarded in the water or in landfills (most wastewater plants are partially functional). The objective of this research was to assess the effect of the application of different sewage sludge rates on the wheat production as an alternative of chemical fertilizer. Method Field trials were conducted, for one-year study, in IAAT village in the Bekaa valley-Lebanon. The considered treatments of 4, 8 and 16 kg.m-2 rates were compared to a control treatment. Physicochemical and microbiological analysis were performed on sludge and soil samples (pre cultivation and post-harvest). The harvested wheat was also analyzed for several parameters as mineral content. Results Results presented significant differences between control and treatments. pH values decreased with biosolids additions; organic matter rose in the amended soils, macronutrients levels increased. Heavy metals outcome increased significantly after amendment, microbiological analysis didn’t show any contamination by Salmonella, E.Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus and Helminth eggs. As for wheat plants' evaluation, fiber and protein contents presented an increase similar to nitrogen and phosphorus. Conclusion These results are a key component that identifies the role of biosolids as pH regulator and soil conditioner which improves the physicochemical properties of soil without any risk of microbiological contamination. These results are promising and they encourage the use of biosolids as agriculture amendment.
{"title":"Application of sewage sludge for cereal production in a Mediterranean environment (Lebanon)","authors":"D. Romanos, N. Nemer, Y. Khairallah, M. A. Saab","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1903739.1098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1903739.1098","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Management of sewage sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants is a big challenge for its potential reusage in agriculture. Most of the Lebanese local sludge is discarded in the water or in landfills (most wastewater plants are partially functional). The objective of this research was to assess the effect of the application of different sewage sludge rates on the wheat production as an alternative of chemical fertilizer. \u0000Method Field trials were conducted, for one-year study, in IAAT village in the Bekaa valley-Lebanon. The considered treatments of 4, 8 and 16 kg.m-2 rates were compared to a control treatment. Physicochemical and microbiological analysis were performed on sludge and soil samples (pre cultivation and post-harvest). The harvested wheat was also analyzed for several parameters as mineral content. \u0000Results Results presented significant differences between control and treatments. pH values decreased with biosolids additions; organic matter rose in the amended soils, macronutrients levels increased. Heavy metals outcome increased significantly after amendment, microbiological analysis didn’t show any contamination by Salmonella, E.Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus and Helminth eggs. As for wheat plants' evaluation, fiber and protein contents presented an increase similar to nitrogen and phosphorus. \u0000Conclusion These results are a key component that identifies the role of biosolids as pH regulator and soil conditioner which improves the physicochemical properties of soil without any risk of microbiological contamination. These results are promising and they encourage the use of biosolids as agriculture amendment.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90187353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-08DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1910757.1141
G. Unnikrishnan, R. Vijayaraghavan
Purpose Incineration of plant biomass and refusing lignin rich effluent from paper industry to water bodies were seen as usual practice. This product-oriented research had a promising solution for recycling agro waste. Likewise, high quality handmade papers from dead-dry leaves of Ficus citrifolia, Swietenia mahagoni, Pinus roxburgii and Musa acuminate were obtained. Lignin was found to improve soil fertility and nutrient reservoir for microbial growth. So, this research managed and utilized lignin as liquid carriers to phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizers (PSBs)- Meyerozyma gullerimondi and Providencia rettgeri. Method Handmade papers made were checked for quality by determining breaking length, burst factor, and gram per square meter (GSM). The essential nutrients in lignin waste were analyzed using FESEM-EDX (Field emission scanning electron microscope- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). This confirmed suitability of lignin as fermenting carrier media for phosphate solubilizing biofertilizer (PSBs). After fermentation, nutrients were quantified using Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulphur (CHNS analyzer), Inductively Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectroscopy and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The nutritional uptake studies of lignin PSBs were done on Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. Results Musa acuminate produced handmade papers with the highest breaking length and burst factor (1160 m, 10.43 kg/cm2) followed by Ficus citrifolia (960 m, 7.2 kg/cm2), Swietenia mahagoni (480 m, 13.75 kg/cm2) and Pinus roxburgii (546 m, 4.0 kg/cm2) leaves. This lignin PSBs increased the growth of Vigna unguiculata (L) plant. Conclusion High quality handmade papers were made from waste leaves. The lignin spent from pulping industry could be utilized as carriers to phosphate solubilizers.
目的焚烧植物生物质和拒绝造纸工业排出的富含木质素的废水进入水体是通常的做法。这项以产品为导向的研究为回收农业废物提供了一个很有前途的解决方案。同样，高质量的手工纸，从无花果，瑞士，罗氏松和木沙干叶获得。木质素可以提高土壤肥力，为微生物的生长提供养分储备。因此，本研究对木质素作为溶磷生物肥料(PSBs)-谷氏沼液酵母菌(Meyerozyma gullerimondi)和罗维登斯(Providencia rettgeri)的液体载体进行了管理和利用。方法通过测定纸张的断裂长度、破裂系数、克/平方米(GSM)等指标对手工纸的质量进行检验。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜-能量色散x射线能谱仪对木质素废弃物中的必需营养物质进行了分析。这证实了木质素作为增磷生物肥料(PSBs)发酵载体的适宜性。发酵后，利用碳、氢、氮、硫(CHNS)分析仪、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱和原子吸收光谱对营养物质进行定量分析。对木质素PSBs进行了木质素PSBs的营养吸收研究。结果尖叶芭蕉的破叶长度和破叶系数最高(1160 m, 10.43 kg/cm2)，其次是柑橘榕(960 m, 7.2 kg/cm2)、瑞士藤(480 m, 13.75 kg/cm2)和刺梨(546 m, 4.0 kg/cm2)。该木质素PSBs对木质素植物的生长有促进作用。结论利用废树叶制作出高质量的手工纸。制浆工业中产生的木质素可以作为磷酸盐增溶剂的载体。
{"title":"Evaluation of lignin waste as potential carriers for phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizers: A zero waste technology","authors":"G. Unnikrishnan, R. Vijayaraghavan","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1910757.1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1910757.1141","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Incineration of plant biomass and refusing lignin rich effluent from paper industry to water bodies were seen as usual practice. This product-oriented research had a promising solution for recycling agro waste. Likewise, high quality handmade papers from dead-dry leaves of Ficus citrifolia, Swietenia mahagoni, Pinus roxburgii and Musa acuminate were obtained. Lignin was found to improve soil fertility and nutrient reservoir for microbial growth. So, this research managed and utilized lignin as liquid carriers to phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizers (PSBs)- Meyerozyma gullerimondi and Providencia rettgeri. \u0000Method Handmade papers made were checked for quality by determining breaking length, burst factor, and gram per square meter (GSM). The essential nutrients in lignin waste were analyzed using FESEM-EDX (Field emission scanning electron microscope- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). This confirmed suitability of lignin as fermenting carrier media for phosphate solubilizing biofertilizer (PSBs). After fermentation, nutrients were quantified using Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulphur (CHNS analyzer), Inductively Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectroscopy and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The nutritional uptake studies of lignin PSBs were done on Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. \u0000Results Musa acuminate produced handmade papers with the highest breaking length and burst factor (1160 m, 10.43 kg/cm2) followed by Ficus citrifolia (960 m, 7.2 kg/cm2), Swietenia mahagoni (480 m, 13.75 kg/cm2) and Pinus roxburgii (546 m, 4.0 kg/cm2) leaves. This lignin PSBs increased the growth of Vigna unguiculata (L) plant. \u0000Conclusion High quality handmade papers were made from waste leaves. The lignin spent from pulping industry could be utilized as carriers to phosphate solubilizers.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85583106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-06DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1914715.1163
Rachid Mahmoud, Fatimzahra Ainlhout, M. Abbou, M. Taleb, M. E. Haji, Z. Rais
Purpose In Morocco, the olive industry has made remarkable progress thanks to the "Green Morocco Plan" adopted by the Ministry of Agriculture. In 2018, the total production was around 2,000,000 tons of olives, with a growth of 11.93% compared to the previous years. However, each year this activity generates millions of tons of liquid and solid pollutants "olive mill wastewater (OMW)" and "pomace", discharged directly into water streams without prior treatment, which creates serious ecological problems. Method This study focuses on the use of raw and diluted OMW for the fertilization of sorghum. The OMW were characterized, diluted (½ and ¼), and applied at a rate of 5 L /week /m2. Sorghum growth was monitored by studying physiological performance (transpiration, stomatal conductance, the intensity of photosynthesis, and the performance of photosystem II). Results The raw OMW is acidic, salty, highly loaded with organic (COD / BOD5 = 7.1> 3), and inorganic matter and polyphenol content of 9 g/L. All the parameters for monitoring the growth of sorghum are lower for plants irrigated by raw OMW, which are symptoms of water stress. Using the T-test, the plants irrigated by half-diluted OMW have yielded the same results as those of the control. Conclusion Despite the fact that the half dilution of OMW has proved promising results, we suggest that it should be pretreated before its use in sorghum irrigation to reduce its organic loads and acidity.
{"title":"Exploitation of olive mill wastewater in sorghum irrigation","authors":"Rachid Mahmoud, Fatimzahra Ainlhout, M. Abbou, M. Taleb, M. E. Haji, Z. Rais","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1914715.1163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1914715.1163","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose In Morocco, the olive industry has made remarkable progress thanks to the \"Green Morocco Plan\" adopted by the Ministry of Agriculture. In 2018, the total production was around 2,000,000 tons of olives, with a growth of 11.93% compared to the previous years. However, each year this activity generates millions of tons of liquid and solid pollutants \"olive mill wastewater (OMW)\" and \"pomace\", discharged directly into water streams without prior treatment, which creates serious ecological problems. \u0000Method This study focuses on the use of raw and diluted OMW for the fertilization of sorghum. The OMW were characterized, diluted (½ and ¼), and applied at a rate of 5 L /week /m2. Sorghum growth was monitored by studying physiological performance (transpiration, stomatal conductance, the intensity of photosynthesis, and the performance of photosystem II). \u0000Results The raw OMW is acidic, salty, highly loaded with organic (COD / BOD5 = 7.1> 3), and inorganic matter and polyphenol content of 9 g/L. All the parameters for monitoring the growth of sorghum are lower for plants irrigated by raw OMW, which are symptoms of water stress. Using the T-test, the plants irrigated by half-diluted OMW have yielded the same results as those of the control. \u0000Conclusion Despite the fact that the half dilution of OMW has proved promising results, we suggest that it should be pretreated before its use in sorghum irrigation to reduce its organic loads and acidity.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75895342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-24DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1916550.1169
Prabhu Vijayakumar, Singaravel Ramaiyan, Ramakichenin alias Balagandhi Balasubramanian
Purpose Intensive rice cultivation, non-addition of organic matter and indiscriminate use of inorganic fertilizers lead to soil fertility deterioration; on other side, farmers are burning huge quantities of rice residue causing severe air pollution warrants pragmatic disposal solution. In situ composting is considered as a potential alternative to destruction of crop residues. Moreover, fortification of crop residue with beneficial microbes and bio stimulants increase the availability of nutrients which constitutes an integral component in sustainable agriculture.The objective was to evaluate the effect of in situ rice residue compost fortification with PGPM consortia, humic acid and seaweed extract on the soil nutrient availability and uptake by rice. Method The experiment was conducted in a RBD at field condition. Rice was grown under 10 treatments comprising a control (100 % NPK) and nine treatments (in situ rice residue, fortified FYM, fortified in situ rice residue along with 100, 75 and 50 % NPK). Results In situ rice residue fortified with PGPM consortia, humic acid and seaweed extract significantly improved the soil carbon, nutrients' availability (macro and micro) and soil fertility. Combined application of fortified rice residue compost with 75% NPK resulted in significantly higher rice yields (grain 6.03 t ha-1 and straw 8.57 t ha-1) and nutrient uptake. Conclusion In situ rice residue composting provides promising straw disposal method as well as recoups lost share of organic matter and nutrients to soil. Farmers may adapt in situ compost to restore soil health without causing environmental hazard and also sustain crop productivity.
水稻精耕细作，不添加有机质，滥施无机肥料，导致土壤肥力下降;另一方面，农民正在燃烧大量的大米残渣，造成严重的空气污染，需要务实的处理方案。就地堆肥被认为是一种潜在的替代作物残茬的方法。此外，用有益微生物和生物刺激剂强化作物残渣可以增加营养物质的供应，这是可持续农业的一个组成部分。目的是评价水稻秸秆堆肥中添加PGPM、腐植酸和海藻提取物对水稻土壤养分有效性和吸收的影响。方法在野外条件下进行RBD实验。水稻在10个处理下生长，包括对照(100%氮磷钾)和9个处理(原地稻渣、强化FYM、强化原地稻渣以及100%、75%和50%氮磷钾)。结果在稻渣中添加PGPM、腐植酸和海藻提取物，可显著提高土壤碳、养分(宏观和微观)有效性和土壤肥力。75%氮磷钾配施强化稻渣堆肥可显著提高水稻产量(籽粒6.03 t hm -1，秸秆8.57 t hm -1)和养分吸收。结论稻渣原位堆肥是一种很有前途的秸秆处理方法，可以弥补土壤中损失的有机质和养分。农民可以就地适应堆肥，在不造成环境危害的情况下恢复土壤健康，并维持作物生产力。
{"title":"Soil fertility and nutrient uptake of rice influenced by plant growth promoting microbes, seaweed extract and humic acid fortified in situ rice residue compost","authors":"Prabhu Vijayakumar, Singaravel Ramaiyan, Ramakichenin alias Balagandhi Balasubramanian","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1916550.1169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1916550.1169","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Intensive rice cultivation, non-addition of organic matter and indiscriminate use of inorganic fertilizers lead to soil fertility deterioration; on other side, farmers are burning huge quantities of rice residue causing severe air pollution warrants pragmatic disposal solution. In situ composting is considered as a potential alternative to destruction of crop residues. Moreover, fortification of crop residue with beneficial microbes and bio stimulants increase the availability of nutrients which constitutes an integral component in sustainable agriculture.The objective was to evaluate the effect of in situ rice residue compost fortification with PGPM consortia, humic acid and seaweed extract on the soil nutrient availability and uptake by rice. Method The experiment was conducted in a RBD at field condition. Rice was grown under 10 treatments comprising a control (100 % NPK) and nine treatments (in situ rice residue, fortified FYM, fortified in situ rice residue along with 100, 75 and 50 % NPK). Results In situ rice residue fortified with PGPM consortia, humic acid and seaweed extract significantly improved the soil carbon, nutrients' availability (macro and micro) and soil fertility. Combined application of fortified rice residue compost with 75% NPK resulted in significantly higher rice yields (grain 6.03 t ha-1 and straw 8.57 t ha-1) and nutrient uptake. Conclusion In situ rice residue composting provides promising straw disposal method as well as recoups lost share of organic matter and nutrients to soil. Farmers may adapt in situ compost to restore soil health without causing environmental hazard and also sustain crop productivity.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88378925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-23DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1901411.1085
N. El-Ouahmani, A. Chahouri, A. Zekhnini, K. Azim, R. Choukr-allah, B. Yacoubi
Purpose Treated wastewaters are reused in agriculture to deal with the water deficit, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, they may contain contaminants such as heavy metals that can adversely affect the soil quality and life health. This work aimed to assess the degree of contamination of the soil and the turf leaves of a golf course irrigated in the long term (10 years) by treated wastewaters. Method Analysis of eight heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe and Zn) was carried out at two sites. The first was irrigated by sprinkling (site 1), the second by a drip system (site 2). Results The results showed a generalized contamination of the soil at the two sites. Fe and Mn recorded the highest levels. Cd and Cr contents were significantly higher in the soil of site 1. However, all the heavy metals recorded values below the limits set by the FAO / WHO standards for soil. Turf leaves also exhibited high values of Fe and Mn contents in the two sites. Mn content was significantly higher in in the turf leaves from site 1. The results showed an accumulation of all the metals in turf leaves in which the Fe and Cd contents exceeded the FAO / WHO standards. Conclusion Long-term irrigation results in an accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and in turf leaves. Particular attention should be paid to Cd and Fe for the use of treated wastewater in agriculture. Drip irrigation system would minimize crop contamination.
{"title":"Effects of irrigation with municipal treated wastewater on soil’s heavy metals accumulation and turf leaves under drip and sprinkler systems (Case study: Agadir, Southern Morocco)","authors":"N. El-Ouahmani, A. Chahouri, A. Zekhnini, K. Azim, R. Choukr-allah, B. Yacoubi","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1901411.1085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1901411.1085","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Treated wastewaters are reused in agriculture to deal with the water deficit, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, they may contain contaminants such as heavy metals that can adversely affect the soil quality and life health. This work aimed to assess the degree of contamination of the soil and the turf leaves of a golf course irrigated in the long term (10 years) by treated wastewaters. \u0000Method Analysis of eight heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe and Zn) was carried out at two sites. The first was irrigated by sprinkling (site 1), the second by a drip system (site 2). \u0000Results The results showed a generalized contamination of the soil at the two sites. Fe and Mn recorded the highest levels. Cd and Cr contents were significantly higher in the soil of site 1. However, all the heavy metals recorded values below the limits set by the FAO / WHO standards for soil. Turf leaves also exhibited high values of Fe and Mn contents in the two sites. Mn content was significantly higher in in the turf leaves from site 1. The results showed an accumulation of all the metals in turf leaves in which the Fe and Cd contents exceeded the FAO / WHO standards. \u0000Conclusion Long-term irrigation results in an accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and in turf leaves. Particular attention should be paid to Cd and Fe for the use of treated wastewater in agriculture. Drip irrigation system would minimize crop contamination.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73377623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-13DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1900853.1081
M. Saghi, P. Ghorbannezhad, A. Bay, Farangis Saeidi
Purpose Using the effective approaches for modifying the recycled wood as a novel bulky agent improves the quality of soil amendment. This study aimed to compare the stability and maturity of the soil amendments produced by the compostation of forest industrial waste and sewage sludge on seed germination. Method Three materials, namely sawdust, sewage sludge, and chicken manure were mixed at different ratios (dry weight basis) to reach the initial bulk density of 0.40 Kg.L-1, the temperature of 30 °C, the C/N ratio of 25, and the moisture content of 60 %. A pilot-scale composting process was applied to monitor the aeration rate, temperature, and moisture contents during the process over time. The comparison of physico-chemical, phytotoxicity, and germination indices among the samples was performed in three repetitions. Results The results of this study indicated that the sustainable conditions (i.e., the temperature of 70 °C, aeration rate of 0.30 L.Kg-1DM.min-1, and moisture content of 50-60 %) can have a significant effect on the thermophilic stage for compost curing without any inhibitory repercussion. Increasing the germination index of cress (Lepidium sativum) up to 79 % proved that the toxicity of industrial sewage sludge was declined through the elimination of heavy metals. Conclusion This study revealed that the availability of bulky agents such as wood residue can reinforce the microbial activity by continuously decreasing the C/N ratio to the minimum value of 13.2.
{"title":"Physico-chemical changes and maturity evaluation of composts from wood residue mixed with sewage sludge and chicken manure","authors":"M. Saghi, P. Ghorbannezhad, A. Bay, Farangis Saeidi","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1900853.1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1900853.1081","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Using the effective approaches for modifying the recycled wood as a novel bulky agent improves the quality of soil amendment. This study aimed to compare the stability and maturity of the soil amendments produced by the compostation of forest industrial waste and sewage sludge on seed germination. \u0000Method Three materials, namely sawdust, sewage sludge, and chicken manure were mixed at different ratios (dry weight basis) to reach the initial bulk density of 0.40 Kg.L-1, the temperature of 30 °C, the C/N ratio of 25, and the moisture content of 60 %. A pilot-scale composting process was applied to monitor the aeration rate, temperature, and moisture contents during the process over time. The comparison of physico-chemical, phytotoxicity, and germination indices among the samples was performed in three repetitions. \u0000Results The results of this study indicated that the sustainable conditions (i.e., the temperature of 70 °C, aeration rate of 0.30 L.Kg-1DM.min-1, and moisture content of 50-60 %) can have a significant effect on the thermophilic stage for compost curing without any inhibitory repercussion. Increasing the germination index of cress (Lepidium sativum) up to 79 % proved that the toxicity of industrial sewage sludge was declined through the elimination of heavy metals. \u0000Conclusion This study revealed that the availability of bulky agents such as wood residue can reinforce the microbial activity by continuously decreasing the C/N ratio to the minimum value of 13.2.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77060634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-11DOI: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1894997.1080
Ginette Sandrine Liégui, Stéphane Cognet, Guy Valerie Wafo Djumyom, Paul Agendia Atabong, Jean Pierre Fankem Noutadié, R. R. Chamedjeu, C. Temegne, I. Kengne
PurposeThe management of household wastes has been a real challenge for the capital city of Cameroon for some years now. In order to adopt ecological and sustainable strategies for better management of organic fraction of solid wastes, the present work was aimed to propose a sustainable alternative for the recycling of household organic waste through a vermicomposting process. Method A vermicomposting of household organic waste was carried out during 46 days, preceded by 23 days of pre-composting. Then, three treatments were established by mixing epigeic earthworms with different proportion of pre-composted waste. Maturation parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), C/N ratio, ammonium (N-NH4+) and total organic matter (TOM) were monitored about four weeks. The agronomic quality of the vermicompost was also determined at the end. Results During pre-composting, the temperature reached a maximum of 54.3±5.4°C suitable for the elimination of potential pathogen. The pH varied between 9.44 and 8.53 leading towards neutrality at the end of the vermicomposting process. The obtained mean values of C/N ratio and the TOM were respectively 11.04-11.68 and 25.82-27.19% in line with the AFNOR (NFU 44-051) guideline. The obtained vermicompost revealed high levels of nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca and Mg. The phytotoxicity test on lettuce showed germination rates above 50%, revealing the non-toxic nature of the vermicompost produced. Conclusion The vermicompost were rich in nutrients and exhibited the non-phytotoxicity. Thus, vermicomposting can be applied in the context of Cameroon to transform organic waste into organic fertiliser suitable for sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"An effective organic waste recycling through vermicomposting technology for sustainable agriculture in tropics","authors":"Ginette Sandrine Liégui, Stéphane Cognet, Guy Valerie Wafo Djumyom, Paul Agendia Atabong, Jean Pierre Fankem Noutadié, R. R. Chamedjeu, C. Temegne, I. Kengne","doi":"10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1894997.1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1894997.1080","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe management of household wastes has been a real challenge for the capital city of Cameroon for some years now. In order to adopt ecological and sustainable strategies for better management of organic fraction of solid wastes, the present work was aimed to propose a sustainable alternative for the recycling of household organic waste through a vermicomposting process. \u0000Method A vermicomposting of household organic waste was carried out during 46 days, preceded by 23 days of pre-composting. Then, three treatments were established by mixing epigeic earthworms with different proportion of pre-composted waste. Maturation parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), C/N ratio, ammonium (N-NH4+) and total organic matter (TOM) were monitored about four weeks. The agronomic quality of the vermicompost was also determined at the end. \u0000Results During pre-composting, the temperature reached a maximum of 54.3±5.4°C suitable for the elimination of potential pathogen. The pH varied between 9.44 and 8.53 leading towards neutrality at the end of the vermicomposting process. The obtained mean values of C/N ratio and the TOM were respectively 11.04-11.68 and 25.82-27.19% in line with the AFNOR (NFU 44-051) guideline. The obtained vermicompost revealed high levels of nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca and Mg. The phytotoxicity test on lettuce showed germination rates above 50%, revealing the non-toxic nature of the vermicompost produced. \u0000Conclusion The vermicompost were rich in nutrients and exhibited the non-phytotoxicity. Thus, vermicomposting can be applied in the context of Cameroon to transform organic waste into organic fertiliser suitable for sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":14373,"journal":{"name":"International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80996260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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