Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015791
M. S. Karis, N. Hasim, N. M. Ali, M. F. Baharom, Arfah Ahmad, N. Abas, Mohd Zurix Bin Mohamed, Zulkarnain Mokhtar, M. Shahril
This paper analyzes the radar performance of a bitumen liquid level detection. In previous installation, radar A and B has successfully found its place to detect bitumen liquid level in tank storage. The problems occur when these two types of radar continuously give the frequent peak error in liquid level measurement output readings. With an advanced technology this research proposes of using radar C. By focusing at the frequency of error occurrence as each radar performance is continuously monitored in 8 weeks, radar A gives 55, radar B gives 19 while radar C gives 4 times. From the overall performance of usable radar based on frequency of error occurrence, the minimum error was given by radar C which makes it the most effective to be used in bitumen liquid level detection as it provided more reliable, repeatable and reasonable level measurement results value.
{"title":"Comparative study for bitumen containment strategy using different radar types for level detection","authors":"M. S. Karis, N. Hasim, N. M. Ali, M. F. Baharom, Arfah Ahmad, N. Abas, Mohd Zurix Bin Mohamed, Zulkarnain Mokhtar, M. Shahril","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015791","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the radar performance of a bitumen liquid level detection. In previous installation, radar A and B has successfully found its place to detect bitumen liquid level in tank storage. The problems occur when these two types of radar continuously give the frequent peak error in liquid level measurement output readings. With an advanced technology this research proposes of using radar C. By focusing at the frequency of error occurrence as each radar performance is continuously monitored in 8 weeks, radar A gives 55, radar B gives 19 while radar C gives 4 times. From the overall performance of usable radar based on frequency of error occurrence, the minimum error was given by radar C which makes it the most effective to be used in bitumen liquid level detection as it provided more reliable, repeatable and reasonable level measurement results value.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130081427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015792
Rashidah Suhaimi, A. Aswad, Nazrul H. Adnan, Fakhrul Asyraf, K. Wan, D. Hazry, A. Shahriman, Juliana A. Abu Bakar, Z. Razlan
This paper presents 18 fundamental movements for the rehabilitation of the stroke patient. The objective of this research is to develop the movement sequences which are suitable for the rehabilitation process and is focused on hemiparesis sufferers which are the most common among stroke patients. The muscle activities are analyzed using electromyography (EMG). 12 electrodes are attached to the right arm of the subject includes deltoid, bicep, tricep, flexor and extensor. The experimental results proof that it is likely to produce movement sequence for stroke rehabilitation based on each muscle activity.
{"title":"Analysis of EMG-based muscles activity for stroke rehabilitation","authors":"Rashidah Suhaimi, A. Aswad, Nazrul H. Adnan, Fakhrul Asyraf, K. Wan, D. Hazry, A. Shahriman, Juliana A. Abu Bakar, Z. Razlan","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015792","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents 18 fundamental movements for the rehabilitation of the stroke patient. The objective of this research is to develop the movement sequences which are suitable for the rehabilitation process and is focused on hemiparesis sufferers which are the most common among stroke patients. The muscle activities are analyzed using electromyography (EMG). 12 electrodes are attached to the right arm of the subject includes deltoid, bicep, tricep, flexor and extensor. The experimental results proof that it is likely to produce movement sequence for stroke rehabilitation based on each muscle activity.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123414677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015798
A. Khaldoon, Md. Mijanur Rahman, R. Ahmad, L. A. Hassnawi
MVDR algorithm which is based on adaptive uniform linear array produces optimal weight to each element in the array and gets perfect signal direction of arrival (DOA). Any mismatch in the signal DOA estimation mitigates the behavior of MVDR. Mismatch in MVDR is affected by the reference element location assumption in the elements' array. In this paper a new method is proposed to modify the standard MVDR by selecting the reference element to be in the middle of the elements' array rather than on one side. This modification produces a more realistic environment to deal with incident signals impinging the array. The results show that the Modified MVDR outperforms the standard MVDR.
{"title":"Enhanced uniform linear array performance using modified minimum variance distortionless response beamformer algorithm","authors":"A. Khaldoon, Md. Mijanur Rahman, R. Ahmad, L. A. Hassnawi","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015798","url":null,"abstract":"MVDR algorithm which is based on adaptive uniform linear array produces optimal weight to each element in the array and gets perfect signal direction of arrival (DOA). Any mismatch in the signal DOA estimation mitigates the behavior of MVDR. Mismatch in MVDR is affected by the reference element location assumption in the elements' array. In this paper a new method is proposed to modify the standard MVDR by selecting the reference element to be in the middle of the elements' array rather than on one side. This modification produces a more realistic environment to deal with incident signals impinging the array. The results show that the Modified MVDR outperforms the standard MVDR.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122963230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015842
M. N. Norizan, R. Jamaludin, I. S. Mohamad, Tan Li, M. Zainal
Copper cable is used as a medium of communication whether for a fixed telephone line or internet service. Currently, the price of copper increases due to a high demand of global trading market. As a consequence, telephone cable stealing activities in Malaysia are also increased due to the copper used inside the telephone cable. Therefore, this project presents the works in designing and developing an innovative apparatus that will be able to help the local telecommunication company to monitor and detect not only the area or location of loss signal occurred but also the distance of the telephone cable being cut. This system applies the FPGA-based monitoring system using GSM (Global System for Mobile) network. 555 timer is used as a capacitance detector to detect the frequency value of the copper cable. The Altera DE2-70 board in the other hand is used to calculate the cable distance, which influenced by the cable frequency. After detecting an occurrence of a cable has been cut, this prototype will automatically activate an alarm signal and send an instant message (SMS) to alert the person in charge indicating the area and distance of the cable that has been cut.
无论是固定电话线路还是互联网服务，铜电缆都被用作通信媒介。目前，由于全球交易市场的高需求，铜价上涨。因此，由于电话电缆内部使用的铜，马来西亚的电话电缆盗窃活动也有所增加。因此，本项目介绍了设计和开发一种创新设备的工作，该设备不仅可以帮助当地电信公司监测和检测信号丢失的区域或位置，还可以监测电话电缆被切断的距离。本系统采用基于fpga的监控系统，采用GSM (Global system for Mobile)网络。555定时器用作电容检测器，用于检测铜电缆的频率值。另一方面，Altera DE2-70板用于计算电缆距离，受电缆频率的影响。在检测到电缆被切断的情况后，该原型机将自动激活报警信号，并发送即时消息(SMS)提醒负责人，指出电缆被切断的区域和距离。
{"title":"GSM remote sensing for copper cable transmission line monitoring system using FPGA","authors":"M. N. Norizan, R. Jamaludin, I. S. Mohamad, Tan Li, M. Zainal","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015842","url":null,"abstract":"Copper cable is used as a medium of communication whether for a fixed telephone line or internet service. Currently, the price of copper increases due to a high demand of global trading market. As a consequence, telephone cable stealing activities in Malaysia are also increased due to the copper used inside the telephone cable. Therefore, this project presents the works in designing and developing an innovative apparatus that will be able to help the local telecommunication company to monitor and detect not only the area or location of loss signal occurred but also the distance of the telephone cable being cut. This system applies the FPGA-based monitoring system using GSM (Global System for Mobile) network. 555 timer is used as a capacitance detector to detect the frequency value of the copper cable. The Altera DE2-70 board in the other hand is used to calculate the cable distance, which influenced by the cable frequency. After detecting an occurrence of a cable has been cut, this prototype will automatically activate an alarm signal and send an instant message (SMS) to alert the person in charge indicating the area and distance of the cable that has been cut.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126333995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015780
Tan Wei Jern, Tiang Bih Qui
This paper presents a new methodology of modeling multiplexers (MUXs), power switches and charging modules used in the USB2 interfaces. The proposed method yields a quick and accurate representation in both the time and frequency domains which closely matches the results obtained in both simulation and post-silicon measurement. This will be proven in 2 characterization methods; a time-domain channel response and a frequency domain s-parameter response. The proposed method also produces accurate correlation results across varying topologies, process corners and voltage levels. Subsequently, the method seeks to allow the flexibility of modeling these discrete devices to be used in a Design-of-Experiment (DOE) environment. Ultimately, this translates into a time saving benefit as shorter design cycle times are enabled due to the increased correlation and confidence between pre-silicon simulation and post-silicon validation data.
{"title":"Electrical characterization of USB2 multiplexers/BC1.2 power switches/charging modules for accurate channel simulation","authors":"Tan Wei Jern, Tiang Bih Qui","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015780","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new methodology of modeling multiplexers (MUXs), power switches and charging modules used in the USB2 interfaces. The proposed method yields a quick and accurate representation in both the time and frequency domains which closely matches the results obtained in both simulation and post-silicon measurement. This will be proven in 2 characterization methods; a time-domain channel response and a frequency domain s-parameter response. The proposed method also produces accurate correlation results across varying topologies, process corners and voltage levels. Subsequently, the method seeks to allow the flexibility of modeling these discrete devices to be used in a Design-of-Experiment (DOE) environment. Ultimately, this translates into a time saving benefit as shorter design cycle times are enabled due to the increased correlation and confidence between pre-silicon simulation and post-silicon validation data.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114257982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015786
M. Al-Ajmi, A. AlBlushi, R. Al-Mamari, Z. Nadir, M. Bait-Suwailam
This paper presents a design and implementation of a Power Amplifier for GSM Transmitters using a high efficiency class-F type. A typical class-F circuit has been designed, simulated and implemented using GaAs pHEMT transistor at a frequency of 900MHz. The proposed design achieves 95.5% of theoretical Power Added Efficiency and 28.9dBm output power. To validate the designed circuit, experimental work is also conducted. Good agreement is achieved.
{"title":"Class-F power amplifier with high power added efficiency for 900MHz","authors":"M. Al-Ajmi, A. AlBlushi, R. Al-Mamari, Z. Nadir, M. Bait-Suwailam","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015786","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design and implementation of a Power Amplifier for GSM Transmitters using a high efficiency class-F type. A typical class-F circuit has been designed, simulated and implemented using GaAs pHEMT transistor at a frequency of 900MHz. The proposed design achieves 95.5% of theoretical Power Added Efficiency and 28.9dBm output power. To validate the designed circuit, experimental work is also conducted. Good agreement is achieved.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131850228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015845
M. F. Ariff Saad, M. H. Ali, K. Wan, D. Hazry, A. Shahriman, Z. Razlan
Modernization of human technology overtime result the need of more freedom technology such as `wired glove' to replace current trend. Joystick, mouse, keyboard and other related output device will be replaced by `Wired Glove' technology which given user more freedom and user friendly. `Wired Glove' does not only limited to personal computer used only, but it can be design to control motor, robot, or even translating sign languages. `Wired Glove' used multiple sensors to extract finger movement data for interpreting human gesture and express it's into outputs such as virtual Realms, computer software, and mechanical device. This paper discusses the experimental studies to correlate the voltage outputted from the dataglove with the finger bending angle. The polynomial regression analysis is proposed to interpret the voltage output into an angle, whereas the information considerable more user approachable. The experimental results show that the proposed methods convert the voltage to angle with 100% accuracy.
{"title":"Experimental studies of the correlation between fingers bending angle with voltage outputted from GloveMAP","authors":"M. F. Ariff Saad, M. H. Ali, K. Wan, D. Hazry, A. Shahriman, Z. Razlan","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015845","url":null,"abstract":"Modernization of human technology overtime result the need of more freedom technology such as `wired glove' to replace current trend. Joystick, mouse, keyboard and other related output device will be replaced by `Wired Glove' technology which given user more freedom and user friendly. `Wired Glove' does not only limited to personal computer used only, but it can be design to control motor, robot, or even translating sign languages. `Wired Glove' used multiple sensors to extract finger movement data for interpreting human gesture and express it's into outputs such as virtual Realms, computer software, and mechanical device. This paper discusses the experimental studies to correlate the voltage outputted from the dataglove with the finger bending angle. The polynomial regression analysis is proposed to interpret the voltage output into an angle, whereas the information considerable more user approachable. The experimental results show that the proposed methods convert the voltage to angle with 100% accuracy.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114271256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015784
A. Khaldoon, Md. Mijanur Rahman, L. A. Hassnawi, R. Ahmad, S. S. Balasem
Smart antenna is a system based on the antenna elements which are distributed uniformly as array and on the beamformig (BF) algorithm. Each element in the array receives the wave plane signals individually, and then, the beamformer tries to produce the optimum weight for each element with respect to the reference element in the array. This technique is called beamforming. MVDR is one of the most important algorithms that provide optimum weight. The array elements are weighted to direct the main beam of the transmitted energy to the direction of the desired signal as well as direct null towards undesired signal. Mismatch may be occurs due to the location of reference element within the array. Mismatch in MVDR leads to suppress the desired signal and treats as interference. This paper presents a new technique to re-localize the selected reference element within the array. The reference element is chosen to be in the middle of the array instead of one end side of the array. The new location becomes more realistic with respect to received signals directions. Simulation results clarify that the modified MVDR overcomes the mismatch and self null phenomena in classical MVDR.
{"title":"Behavior of modified MVDR beamformer algorithm with realistic scenario","authors":"A. Khaldoon, Md. Mijanur Rahman, L. A. Hassnawi, R. Ahmad, S. S. Balasem","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015784","url":null,"abstract":"Smart antenna is a system based on the antenna elements which are distributed uniformly as array and on the beamformig (BF) algorithm. Each element in the array receives the wave plane signals individually, and then, the beamformer tries to produce the optimum weight for each element with respect to the reference element in the array. This technique is called beamforming. MVDR is one of the most important algorithms that provide optimum weight. The array elements are weighted to direct the main beam of the transmitted energy to the direction of the desired signal as well as direct null towards undesired signal. Mismatch may be occurs due to the location of reference element within the array. Mismatch in MVDR leads to suppress the desired signal and treats as interference. This paper presents a new technique to re-localize the selected reference element within the array. The reference element is chosen to be in the middle of the array instead of one end side of the array. The new location becomes more realistic with respect to received signals directions. Simulation results clarify that the modified MVDR overcomes the mismatch and self null phenomena in classical MVDR.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116965711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015802
Khalid Edris, M. Fakhreldin, Jasni Mohamed Zain, T. Kadir
This paper proposes a robust zero-watermarking algorithm based on Complex Zernike moment to resist various signal processing operations and geometric transformations. Zero watermarking algorithm changes the operation method of embedding watermark in the original data. Instead, it employs the significant characteristics of the original data to construct watermarking information to successfully avoid the contradiction between robustness and invisibility and increase the robustness of the watermarking. First, perform displacement and scaling standardization process for the tested image, then calculate the Complex Zernike Moment argument of the standardized image to get an argument value; after binarization of the argument value, construct the feature image regarded as watermarking. Experimental results show that the proposed method has strong robustness to various attacks specially geometric attacks.
{"title":"Robust image zero-watermarking based on Complex Zernike moment","authors":"Khalid Edris, M. Fakhreldin, Jasni Mohamed Zain, T. Kadir","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015802","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a robust zero-watermarking algorithm based on Complex Zernike moment to resist various signal processing operations and geometric transformations. Zero watermarking algorithm changes the operation method of embedding watermark in the original data. Instead, it employs the significant characteristics of the original data to construct watermarking information to successfully avoid the contradiction between robustness and invisibility and increase the robustness of the watermarking. First, perform displacement and scaling standardization process for the tested image, then calculate the Complex Zernike Moment argument of the standardized image to get an argument value; after binarization of the argument value, construct the feature image regarded as watermarking. Experimental results show that the proposed method has strong robustness to various attacks specially geometric attacks.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122959278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.1109/ICED.2014.7015783
M. Z. Norazimah, S. Aljunid, H. M. Al-Khafaji, M. Anuar
Multiple-access interference (MAI) and phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN) are the principal limitations for the performance of spectral-amplitude-coding optical codedivision multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) systems. Focusing on increasing the performance and reducing the bit-error rate (BER), the ideal transceiver design should be accentuated. In this paper, we studied the effect of the different combination of codes, detection techniques, and the usage of single and multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs) in SAC-OCDMA system to highlight the main point that affect the most in reducing the BER as well as increasing the performance. We simulate the system performance of direct detection, AND subtraction detection, as well as modified-AND subtraction detection techniques with enhanced double weight (EDW) and modified double weight (MDW) codes via OptiSystem software. Simulation results show that the detection techniques significantly enrich the performance compared to the usage of diverse codes. Although the multiples LEDs give better performance than single LED in SAC-OCDMA system, the single LED still able to provide a good performance with less costly design than multiples LEDs.
{"title":"Impact of different transceiver design on the performance of SAC-OCDMA systems","authors":"M. Z. Norazimah, S. Aljunid, H. M. Al-Khafaji, M. Anuar","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2014.7015783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2014.7015783","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple-access interference (MAI) and phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN) are the principal limitations for the performance of spectral-amplitude-coding optical codedivision multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) systems. Focusing on increasing the performance and reducing the bit-error rate (BER), the ideal transceiver design should be accentuated. In this paper, we studied the effect of the different combination of codes, detection techniques, and the usage of single and multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs) in SAC-OCDMA system to highlight the main point that affect the most in reducing the BER as well as increasing the performance. We simulate the system performance of direct detection, AND subtraction detection, as well as modified-AND subtraction detection techniques with enhanced double weight (EDW) and modified double weight (MDW) codes via OptiSystem software. Simulation results show that the detection techniques significantly enrich the performance compared to the usage of diverse codes. Although the multiples LEDs give better performance than single LED in SAC-OCDMA system, the single LED still able to provide a good performance with less costly design than multiples LEDs.","PeriodicalId":143806,"journal":{"name":"2014 2nd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123151200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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