{"title":"Conservative treatment of mastoiditis without the need for imaging: A 20-year follow-up study","authors":"Ayalon Hadar , Yehuda Schwarz , Sharon Ovnat Tamir , Adiel Cohen , Chanan Shaul , Jean-Yves Sichel , Pierre Attal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 112675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate the effects of adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy (AT) on craniofacial morphology and physical growth in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Study design
Retrospective cohort study.
Methods
Forty-two children diagnosed with OSA by polysomnography (PSG) were divided into surgical (AT, n = 28) and nonsurgical (n = 14) groups. Cephalometric parameters and height/weight standard deviations (SDs) were compared pre- and post-intervention.
Results
Significant changes in mandibular parameters (SNB, Facial Axis, FMA) were observed post-AT (p <0.0005, p <0.0005, p = 0.004, respectively). In univariate logistic regression analyses, age at the time of surgery(cut-off 5.5 years) and A/N ratio(cut-off 0.75) were significantly associated with postoperative improvement in height SD.
Conclusion
AT may enhance mandibular growth and be associated with improved height development in children OSA, particularly in younger children. These findings are exploratory and require confirmation in larger, prospective studies.
{"title":"Investigation of the effects of adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy on craniofacial morphology and physical growth in children with obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"Nao Hesaka , Yosuke Shimamura , Konomi Ikeda , Kiyoe Shimizu , Shintaro Chiba","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the effects of adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy (AT) on craniofacial morphology and physical growth in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-two children diagnosed with OSA by polysomnography (PSG) were divided into surgical (AT, n = 28) and nonsurgical (n = 14) groups. Cephalometric parameters and height/weight standard deviations (SDs) were compared pre- and post-intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant changes in mandibular parameters (SNB, Facial Axis, FMA) were observed post-AT (p <0.0005, p <0.0005, p = 0.004, respectively). In univariate logistic regression analyses, age at the time of surgery(cut-off 5.5 years) and A/N ratio(cut-off 0.75) were significantly associated with postoperative improvement in height SD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AT may enhance mandibular growth and be associated with improved height development in children OSA, particularly in younger children. These findings are exploratory and require confirmation in larger, prospective studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 112673"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145768008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112672
Brandon D. Abell , Marta Kulich , Kaitlin E. Olson , Megan E. Hedman , Kirsten H. Adkisson , Peggy E. Kelley , Sarah A. Gitomer
Objectives
Children with microtia/atresia (M-A) have a spectrum of complex and longitudinal needs which we aim to address at our center's innovative Multidisciplinary Clinic (MDC). Children attending the MDC see multiple specialists on the same day and participate in an inter-disciplinary discussion. The aim of this study was to compare patient characteristics, treatment choices, and outcomes between MDC and non-MDC patients.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with M-A treated at a tertiary children's hospital between 2001 and 2022. Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors were compared between MDC and non-MDC patients.
Results
507 children with microtia and/or atresia were included, 319 (63 %) of which attended the MDC. The two cohorts did not significantly differ in sex, race, ethnicity, insurance status, language, distance from the MDC, or the Distressed Communities Index. MDC patients had higher rates of both non-surgical (82.1 % vs. 53.7 %; p < 0.001) and transcutaneous surgical bone-amplification (40.6 % vs. 18.3 %; p < 0.001). Additionally, median age at first non-surgical bone amplification fitting was significantly lower in MDC patients (0.8 years vs. 2.5 years, p = 0.011). Device compliance and functional or reconstructive surgery rates were similar between groups.
Conclusion
To date, this is the largest study of interdisciplinary M-A care. In this model, children have improved outcomes: they are more likely to receive a bone amplification hearing device and were fitted with non-surgical bone amplification devices at younger ages. It is worthwhile to promote early referral to the MDC, as well as implement similar multidisciplinary programs at other institutions.
{"title":"Multidisciplinary care improves hearing intervention rates in children with microtia","authors":"Brandon D. Abell , Marta Kulich , Kaitlin E. Olson , Megan E. Hedman , Kirsten H. Adkisson , Peggy E. Kelley , Sarah A. Gitomer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Children with microtia/atresia (M-A) have a spectrum of complex and longitudinal needs which we aim to address at our center's innovative Multidisciplinary Clinic (MDC). Children attending the MDC see multiple specialists on the same day and participate in an inter-disciplinary discussion. The aim of this study was to compare patient characteristics, treatment choices, and outcomes between MDC and non-MDC patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with M-A treated at a tertiary children's hospital between 2001 and 2022. Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors were compared between MDC and non-MDC patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>507 children with microtia and/or atresia were included, 319 (63 %) of which attended the MDC. The two cohorts did not significantly differ in sex, race, ethnicity, insurance status, language, distance from the MDC, or the Distressed Communities Index. MDC patients had higher rates of both non-surgical (82.1 % vs. 53.7 %; p < 0.001) and transcutaneous surgical bone-amplification (40.6 % vs. 18.3 %; p < 0.001). Additionally, median age at first non-surgical bone amplification fitting was significantly lower in MDC patients (0.8 years vs. 2.5 years, p = 0.011). Device compliance and functional or reconstructive surgery rates were similar between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To date, this is the largest study of interdisciplinary M-A care. In this model, children have improved outcomes: they are more likely to receive a bone amplification hearing device and were fitted with non-surgical bone amplification devices at younger ages. It is worthwhile to promote early referral to the MDC, as well as implement similar multidisciplinary programs at other institutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 112672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112674
Jeanette Hess-Erga , Gro Sævik Dyrhovden , Ingvild Øvstebø Engesæter , Kathrin Skorpa Nilsen , Frederik Kragerud Goplen , Ruben Dyrhovden , Jan Erik Berge
{"title":"C-reactive protein as a predictor of intracranial complications in paediatric acute Mastoiditis: Findings from a 25-year retrospective study","authors":"Jeanette Hess-Erga , Gro Sævik Dyrhovden , Ingvild Øvstebø Engesæter , Kathrin Skorpa Nilsen , Frederik Kragerud Goplen , Ruben Dyrhovden , Jan Erik Berge","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112674","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 112674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112667
Boon Chin Te , Noor Dina Hashim , Asma Abdullah , Bee See Goh , Wan Fazlina Wan Hashim
Objectives
Cochlear implant (CI) is an essential rehabilitative intervention for individuals with severe to profound hearing loss. This study aimed to assess the quality of life (QOL) and to identify potential factors influencing the QOL among post-lingually deafened CI recipients.
Subjects and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 58 post-lingual CI recipients with at least one year of implant experience. Demographic and CI-related data were collected. Auditory performance and speech intelligibility were evaluated using CAP II and SIR, while QOL was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Simple linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between patients’ characteristics and the four WHOQOL-BREF domains (physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment).
Results
The mean participant age was 32.95 (sd ± 18.27) years. Longer CI usage was significantly associated with better physical domain experience (b: 0.076; 95 %CI 0.01 to 0.14), whilst longer duration of deafness prior to implant negatively predicted environmental domain scores (b: −0.08; 95 %CI −0.12 to −0.34). Achieving verbal communication was associated with an 8.321-point increase in the environmental domain score (95 % CI 0.68 to 15.96). No significant determinants were identified for the psychological domain. Daily CI usage, CAP II and SIR score, monthly income level, CI laterality, and surgical complications had no significant association with any domain.
Conclusion
CI enhances QOL in individuals with severe to profound hearing loss. Key positive determinants of QOL include shorter duration of deafness, longer CI experience and use of verbal communication. These findings underscore the importance of early implantation and effective post implant auditory rehabilitation in improving patient outcomes.
目的：人工耳蜗（CI）是重度到重度听力损失患者必不可少的康复干预手段。本研究旨在评估语聋后CI受者的生活质量（QOL），并确定影响其生活质量的潜在因素。对象和方法：一项横断面研究涉及58名至少有一年种植经验的语后CI受者。收集人口统计和ci相关数据。使用CAP II和SIR评估听力表现和语音清晰度，使用WHOQOL-BREF问卷评估生活质量。采用简单线性回归分析研究患者特征与WHOQOL-BREF四个领域（身体健康、心理、社会关系和环境）之间的关系。结果：参与者平均年龄为32.95 （sd±18.27）岁。较长的CI使用时间与更好的物理领域体验显著相关（b: 0.076; 95% CI 0.01至0.14），而植入前较长的耳聋持续时间负预测环境领域评分（b: -0.08; 95% CI -0.12至-0.34）。实现语言交流与环境领域得分增加8.321分相关（95% CI 0.68至15.96）。没有确定心理领域的重要决定因素。每日CI使用、CAP II和SIR评分、月收入水平、CI偏侧性和手术并发症与任何领域均无显著相关性。结论：CI可提高重度至重度听力损失患者的生活质量。生活质量的关键积极因素包括较短的耳聋持续时间，较长的CI经验和语言交流的使用。这些发现强调了早期植入和有效的植入后听觉康复对改善患者预后的重要性。
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Determinants of quality of life in post lingually defeaned Cochlear implant users” [Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. (99), December 2025, 112659]","authors":"Boon Chin Te , Noor Dina Hashim , Asma Abdullah , Bee See Goh , Wan Fazlina Wan Hashim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cochlear implant (CI) is an essential rehabilitative intervention for individuals with severe to profound hearing loss. This study aimed to assess the quality of life (QOL) and to identify potential factors influencing the QOL among post-lingually deafened CI recipients.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects and methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 58 post-lingual CI recipients with at least one year of implant experience. Demographic and CI-related data were collected. Auditory performance and speech intelligibility were evaluated using CAP II and SIR, while QOL was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Simple linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between patients’ characteristics and the four WHOQOL-BREF domains (physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean participant age was 32.95 (sd ± 18.27) years. Longer CI usage was significantly associated with better physical domain experience (b: 0.076; 95 %CI 0.01 to 0.14), whilst longer duration of deafness prior to implant negatively predicted environmental domain scores (b: −0.08; 95 %CI −0.12 to −0.34). Achieving verbal communication was associated with an 8.321-point increase in the environmental domain score (95 % CI 0.68 to 15.96). No significant determinants were identified for the psychological domain. Daily CI usage, CAP II and SIR score, monthly income level, CI laterality, and surgical complications had no significant association with any domain.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CI enhances QOL in individuals with severe to profound hearing loss. Key positive determinants of QOL include shorter duration of deafness, longer CI experience and use of verbal communication. These findings underscore the importance of early implantation and effective post implant auditory rehabilitation in improving patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 112667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145660955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112649
Joseph E. Kerschner MD (Editor-in-Chief)
{"title":"Holiday letter 2025","authors":"Joseph E. Kerschner MD (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 112649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112659
Boon Chin Te , Noor Dina Hashim , Asma Abdullah , Bee See Goh , Wan Fazlina Wan Hashim
{"title":"Determinants of quality of life in post lingually defeaned cochlear implant users","authors":"Boon Chin Te , Noor Dina Hashim , Asma Abdullah , Bee See Goh , Wan Fazlina Wan Hashim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 112659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145633396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112642
Liqiang Yang, Jinhong Zeng, Shuyao Qiu, Jianwen Zhong, Jinhong Huang, Min Zhi, Dabo Liu
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Application of the Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System in children with sleep-disordered breathing” [Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 198 (2025) 112599]","authors":"Liqiang Yang, Jinhong Zeng, Shuyao Qiu, Jianwen Zhong, Jinhong Huang, Min Zhi, Dabo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 112642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145633379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112653
Yuşa Başoğlu , İlayda Başoğlu , Gül Ölçek
Objective
To compare teacher-reported socio-emotional and behavioral functioning in early-school-age children with cochlear implants (CI) versus normal-hearing (NH) peers using the Child Behavior Assessment Scale (CBAS), and to test whether group differences persist after adjustment for socioeconomic factors.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 80 children aged 5–6 years were enrolled (CI = 40; NH = 40). Teachers completed CBAS subscales (Adjustment, Social Anxiety, Rule-breaking Behaviors) and total score. Between-group comparisons used Mann–Whitney U tests. ANCOVA on CBAS total adjusted for maternal education, paternal education, and household income. Exploratory correlations within the CI group examined age and clinical durations.
Results
Compared with NH peers, the CI group showed lower Adjustment (mean ± SD: 61.45 ± 15.46 vs 80.95 ± 6.56; p < .001) and higher Social Anxiety (64.20 ± 13.27 vs 34.28 ± 7.02; p < .001) and Rule-breaking Behaviors (113.33 ± 26.77 vs 61.08 ± 15.98; p < .001). CBAS total was higher in the CI group (238.98 ± 48.22) than NH (176.30 ± 17.10; p < .001). In ANCOVA, the CI versus NH effect on CBAS total remained significant (F(1,75) = 33.846, p < .001; partial η2 = 0.311), while socioeconomic covariates were not significant. Within the CI group, child age correlated positively with Rule-breaking Behaviors (r = 0.331, p = .037).
Conclusions
At school entry children with CI showed higher levels of socio-emotional and behavioral difficulties compared to NH peers; however, these findings should be interpreted with caution given the sample size and cross-sectional design. The results support routine psychosocial surveillance and targeted supports within CI follow-up and school settings.
目的：使用儿童行为评估量表（CBAS）比较教师报告的早期耳蜗植入儿童（CI）与正常听力儿童（NH）的社会情绪和行为功能，并检验在调整社会经济因素后群体差异是否仍然存在。方法：本横断面研究纳入80例5-6岁儿童（CI = 40; NH = 40）。教师完成CBAS量表（适应、社交焦虑、违规行为）和总分。组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。经母亲教育程度、父亲教育程度和家庭收入调整后的CBAS总方差。CI组的探索性相关性检查了年龄和临床持续时间。结果：CI组与NH组相比，调整率较低（mean±SD: 61.45±15.46 vs 80.95±6.56;p 2 = 0.311），而社会经济协变量无显著性差异。在CI组内，儿童年龄与违规行为呈正相关（r = 0.331, p = 0.037）。结论：在入学时，CI患儿比NH患儿表现出更高水平的社会情绪和行为困难；然而，考虑到样本量和横截面设计，这些发现应该谨慎解释。结果支持在CI随访和学校环境中进行常规社会心理监测和有针对性的支持。
{"title":"Behavioral and socio-emotional profiles in early-school-age children with cochlear implants versus normal-hearing peers","authors":"Yuşa Başoğlu , İlayda Başoğlu , Gül Ölçek","doi":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare teacher-reported socio-emotional and behavioral functioning in early-school-age children with cochlear implants (CI) versus normal-hearing (NH) peers using the Child Behavior Assessment Scale (CBAS), and to test whether group differences persist after adjustment for socioeconomic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, 80 children aged 5–6 years were enrolled (CI = 40; NH = 40). Teachers completed CBAS subscales (Adjustment, Social Anxiety, Rule-breaking Behaviors) and total score. Between-group comparisons used Mann–Whitney U tests. ANCOVA on CBAS total adjusted for maternal education, paternal education, and household income. Exploratory correlations within the CI group examined age and clinical durations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with NH peers, the CI group showed lower Adjustment (mean ± SD: 61.45 ± 15.46 vs 80.95 ± 6.56; p < .001) and higher Social Anxiety (64.20 ± 13.27 vs 34.28 ± 7.02; p < .001) and Rule-breaking Behaviors (113.33 ± 26.77 vs 61.08 ± 15.98; p < .001). CBAS total was higher in the CI group (238.98 ± 48.22) than NH (176.30 ± 17.10; p < .001). In ANCOVA, the CI versus NH effect on CBAS total remained significant (F(1,75) = 33.846, p < .001; partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.311), while socioeconomic covariates were not significant. Within the CI group, child age correlated positively with Rule-breaking Behaviors (r = 0.331, p = .037).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>At school entry children with CI showed higher levels of socio-emotional and behavioral difficulties compared to NH peers; however, these findings should be interpreted with caution given the sample size and cross-sectional design. The results support routine psychosocial surveillance and targeted supports within CI follow-up and school settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14388,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 112653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145677562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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