Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.13
O. Okon, G.D.O. Eneh, G. D. Uboh, P. P. Uyon
The leafy vegetable Telfairia occidentalis is a tropical vine grown in West Africa; it is indigenous to Southern Nigeria and is usually subjected to extreme salt stress in Southern Nigeria as well as in the world that results in significant loss of T. occidentalis production. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed at evaluating the response of T. occidentalis seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus geosporum) in saline soil and further to determine the threshold of T. occidentalis salinity tolerance in association with G. geosporum. The total photosynthetic pigments contents in saline soil treatment were significantly (p=0.05) reduced as well as percentage arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization (53.97 to 22.41%). Mycorrhizal dependency was significantly (p=0.05) higher in saline soil treatments compared to control (100.00% to 15.13%). Mineral analysis of T. occidentalis leaves revealed increased uptake and accumulation of Na+ (500.00 mg/kg in control to 2920.13 mg/kg in saline soil treatment). Saline soil treatments significantly (p=0.05) reduced the K, Mg, N, P and Ca. AM Fungi significantly (p=0.05) increased the photosynthetic pigments and minerals both in saline and non-saline soil treatments. Using different mechanisms T. occidentalis by association with G. geosporum showed better salt tolerance thank the uninoculated plants. G. geosporum was able to impose some physiological and root morphological changes such as an extensive network of the mycorrhizal-plant roots to improve water and mineral nutrient uptake. Physiologically G. geosporum inoculation enriched T. occidentalis vigour, attuned the rate of K+/Na+ which restored nutrient and water balance in the plant and directly resulting in the enhancement of salt tolerance in T. occidentalis seedlings, thus improving growth and yield.
{"title":"Enhancement of Salt Tolerance via Glomus geosporum Inoculation in Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F. Seedlings","authors":"O. Okon, G.D.O. Eneh, G. D. Uboh, P. P. Uyon","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.13","url":null,"abstract":"The leafy vegetable Telfairia occidentalis is a tropical vine grown in West Africa; it is indigenous to Southern Nigeria and is usually subjected to extreme salt stress in Southern Nigeria as well as in the world that results in significant loss of T. occidentalis production. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed at evaluating the response of T. occidentalis seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus geosporum) in saline soil and further to determine the threshold of T. occidentalis salinity tolerance in association with G. geosporum. The total photosynthetic pigments contents in saline soil treatment were significantly (p=0.05) reduced as well as percentage arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization (53.97 to 22.41%). Mycorrhizal dependency was significantly (p=0.05) higher in saline soil treatments compared to control (100.00% to 15.13%). Mineral analysis of T. occidentalis leaves revealed increased uptake and accumulation of Na+ (500.00 mg/kg in control to 2920.13 mg/kg in saline soil treatment). Saline soil treatments significantly (p=0.05) reduced the K, Mg, N, P and Ca. AM Fungi significantly (p=0.05) increased the photosynthetic pigments and minerals both in saline and non-saline soil treatments. Using different mechanisms T. occidentalis by association with G. geosporum showed better salt tolerance thank the uninoculated plants. G. geosporum was able to impose some physiological and root morphological changes such as an extensive network of the mycorrhizal-plant roots to improve water and mineral nutrient uptake. Physiologically G. geosporum inoculation enriched T. occidentalis vigour, attuned the rate of K+/Na+ which restored nutrient and water balance in the plant and directly resulting in the enhancement of salt tolerance in T. occidentalis seedlings, thus improving growth and yield.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43671300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.23
M. El-Yazal
Two pot experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015 to study the effect of propolis extract at the rates 0, 6000, 7000, 8000 and 9000 ppm solution used as seed soaking to spinach seedlings on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown under saline soil conditions. The obtained results indicated that increasing the rates of propolis extract as seed soaking application increased the growth parameters of the treated plants. The best result was obtained by the middle rate (7000ppm) as seed soaking in both seasons of the study. The same trend was also observed regarding all studied chemical constituents, i.e. chlorophyll a, b and total caroteniods concentration, anthocyanine, total carbohydrates, total and reducing sugars, total free amino acid, free proline, crude protein, total indoles, total phenols, N, P and K in leaves. Moreover, soaking seeds in propolis extract before planting improved the metabolic activity of seeds through the increase in seed values from total and reducing sugar, total free amino acid, total indoles and total phenols as well as the lowest values from , total carbohydrate. Thus, the coincident application of propolis extract at (7000ppm) as seed soaking is recommended for improving growth, yield and chemical composition of spinach plants and to overcome the adverse effect of salinity conditions.
{"title":"Presoaking Treatment of Propolis Aqueous Extract Alleviates Salinity Stress in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Plants Grown under Calcareous Saline Soil Conditions","authors":"M. El-Yazal","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.23","url":null,"abstract":"Two pot experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015 to study the effect of propolis extract at the rates 0, 6000, 7000, 8000 and 9000 ppm solution used as seed soaking to spinach seedlings on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown under saline soil conditions. The obtained results indicated that increasing the rates of propolis extract as seed soaking application increased the growth parameters of the treated plants. The best result was obtained by the middle rate (7000ppm) as seed soaking in both seasons of the study. The same trend was also observed regarding all studied chemical constituents, i.e. chlorophyll a, b and total caroteniods concentration, anthocyanine, total carbohydrates, total and reducing sugars, total free amino acid, free proline, crude protein, total indoles, total phenols, N, P and K in leaves. Moreover, soaking seeds in propolis extract before planting improved the metabolic activity of seeds through the increase in seed values from total and reducing sugar, total free amino acid, total indoles and total phenols as well as the lowest values from , total carbohydrate. Thus, the coincident application of propolis extract at (7000ppm) as seed soaking is recommended for improving growth, yield and chemical composition of spinach plants and to overcome the adverse effect of salinity conditions.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46090128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.111
E. Yildirim, M. Ekinci, R. Kul, M. Turan, A. Gür
The study was conducted to determine effects of a new synthesis of methylamine on the plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics in pepper. There were four irrigation levels [full irrigation (100%) (I0), 80% (I1), 60% (I2) and 40% (I3)] and two methylamine (MA) treatments (0, 2.5 mM). At the end of the study, it was observed that there were significant differences between applications and levels. Effects of MA treatments on plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, fresh, dry weight etc.), plant physiological and biochemical parameters [tissue electrical conductivity (TEC), tissue relative water content (TRWC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, antioxidant enzyme activity], and plant nutrient element content of pepper seedlings under different irrigation levels were significantly important. The results of the study showed that the drought stress conditions negatively affected the plant growth, increased the content of TEC, H2O2 and MDA, and decreased the TRWC and plant mineral content in pepper. However, MA application improved plant growth and decreased TEC, H2O2 and MDA content compared to control in pepper under drought conditions. MA treated plants at I3 had higher shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight than non-treated plants by 12 and 20%, respectively. In conclusion, MA application could mitigate the deleterious effects of the drought stress on the pepper seedlings.
{"title":"Mitigation of Drought Stress Effects on Pepper Seedlings by Exogenous Methylamine Application","authors":"E. Yildirim, M. Ekinci, R. Kul, M. Turan, A. Gür","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.111","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to determine effects of a new synthesis of methylamine on the plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics in pepper. There were four irrigation levels [full irrigation (100%) (I0), 80% (I1), 60% (I2) and 40% (I3)] and two methylamine (MA) treatments (0, 2.5 mM). At the end of the study, it was observed that there were significant differences between applications and levels. Effects of MA treatments on plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, fresh, dry weight etc.), plant physiological and biochemical parameters [tissue electrical conductivity (TEC), tissue relative water content (TRWC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, antioxidant enzyme activity], and plant nutrient element content of pepper seedlings under different irrigation levels were significantly important. The results of the study showed that the drought stress conditions negatively affected the plant growth, increased the content of TEC, H2O2 and MDA, and decreased the TRWC and plant mineral content in pepper. However, MA application improved plant growth and decreased TEC, H2O2 and MDA content compared to control in pepper under drought conditions. MA treated plants at I3 had higher shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight than non-treated plants by 12 and 20%, respectively. In conclusion, MA application could mitigate the deleterious effects of the drought stress on the pepper seedlings.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45862138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.86
M. El-Yazal
The objective of this investigation was to study the helpful effects of foliar application with antioxidant citric acid in combos with some micronutrients on growth, yield and a few chemical constituents of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. The plants were grown up in clay soil, and foliar sprayed with eleven treatments (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45 and 0.5%) of combined fertilizer (citrine) which contains (15% citric acid, 2% Fe, 2% Mn and 2% Zn). The obtained results indicated generally that each one studied vegetative growth parameters (i.e. plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves /plant, dry weight of leaves) similarly as grain yield /fed. and some of their components (i.e. ear length, ear diameter, number of rows/ear, number of grains/row, grain weight/ear, weight of 100 grain and ear weight/plant) and some chemical constituents of leaves (chlorophyll a, b, total caroteniods, anthocyanin, total carbohydrates, total and reducing sugars, total free amino acids, total indoles, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) and grain protein %, were accrued with application of the various treatments. The maximum values were obtained from the treatment of 0.3%. On the contrary citrine treatments minimized reducing sugars and free phenol in leaves as compared to the control. The simplest results were obtained by the application of citrine treatment at 0.3%. Hence, it can recommend using citrine fertilizers as foliar application at the speed of 0.3% for improving growth, yield and chemical constituents of maize plants.
{"title":"The Application of Citric Acid in Combination with Some Micronutrients Increases the Growth, Productivity and a Few Chemical Constituents of Maize (Zea Mays) Plants","authors":"M. El-Yazal","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.86","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this investigation was to study the helpful effects of foliar application with antioxidant citric acid in combos with some micronutrients on growth, yield and a few chemical constituents of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. The plants were grown up in clay soil, and foliar sprayed with eleven treatments (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45 and 0.5%) of combined fertilizer (citrine) which contains (15% citric acid, 2% Fe, 2% Mn and 2% Zn). The obtained results indicated generally that each one studied vegetative growth parameters (i.e. plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves /plant, dry weight of leaves) similarly as grain yield /fed. and some of their components (i.e. ear length, ear diameter, number of rows/ear, number of grains/row, grain weight/ear, weight of 100 grain and ear weight/plant) and some chemical constituents of leaves (chlorophyll a, b, total caroteniods, anthocyanin, total carbohydrates, total and reducing sugars, total free amino acids, total indoles, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) and grain protein %, were accrued with application of the various treatments. The maximum values were obtained from the treatment of 0.3%. On the contrary citrine treatments minimized reducing sugars and free phenol in leaves as compared to the control. The simplest results were obtained by the application of citrine treatment at 0.3%. Hence, it can recommend using citrine fertilizers as foliar application at the speed of 0.3% for improving growth, yield and chemical constituents of maize plants.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43463539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.34
Abdelhadi A I Ali, E. Desoky, M. Rady
To investigate whether the fungicide Azoxystrobin improves the potential to maintain physio-biochemical functions under drought, tomato plants were applied with Azoxystrobin under either well-watered and deficit irrigation conditions. Drought-stressed tomato plants showed significant reductions in most tested parameters of physiology [cell membrane stability (CMS), relative water content (RWC), relative water loss (RWL) and chlorophylls], growth attributes and leaflet and main stem anatomical features, while exhibited increases in contents of proline and total phenols, activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weights of roots, and leaflet spongy tissue thickness compared to well-watered control plants. Under full irrigation, Azoxystrobin treatment significantly increased RWC and chlorophyll content, POD and PPO activities, root DW, number of fruits per plant and many features of leaflet and main stem, while significantly decreased CMS and RWL, root, shoot and plant lengths, shoot and plant FW, and stem xylem tissue thickness compared to the control plants sprayed with water. However, Azoxystrobin treatment ameliorated drought stress in tomato plants and significantly increased CMS and free proline content, activities of CAT, POD and PPO, and contents of free and total phenols, and root DW and number of fruits per plant, in addition to spongy tissue thickness of leaflet, but not affected chlorophylls and carotenoids contents, root FW, plant DW and most of anatomical features compared to the stressed plants without Azoxystrobin treatment. These results support that Azoxystrobin foliar application may have a positive effect on well-watered and drought-stressed tomato plants.
{"title":"Application of Azoxystrobin Fungicide Improves Drought Tolerance in Tomato, via Enhancing Physio-Biochemical and Anatomical Feature","authors":"Abdelhadi A I Ali, E. Desoky, M. Rady","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.34","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate whether the fungicide Azoxystrobin improves the potential to maintain physio-biochemical functions under drought, tomato plants were applied with Azoxystrobin under either well-watered and deficit irrigation conditions. Drought-stressed tomato plants showed significant reductions in most tested parameters of physiology [cell membrane stability (CMS), relative water content (RWC), relative water loss (RWL) and chlorophylls], growth attributes and leaflet and main stem anatomical features, while exhibited increases in contents of proline and total phenols, activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weights of roots, and leaflet spongy tissue thickness compared to well-watered control plants. Under full irrigation, Azoxystrobin treatment significantly increased RWC and chlorophyll content, POD and PPO activities, root DW, number of fruits per plant and many features of leaflet and main stem, while significantly decreased CMS and RWL, root, shoot and plant lengths, shoot and plant FW, and stem xylem tissue thickness compared to the control plants sprayed with water. However, Azoxystrobin treatment ameliorated drought stress in tomato plants and significantly increased CMS and free proline content, activities of CAT, POD and PPO, and contents of free and total phenols, and root DW and number of fruits per plant, in addition to spongy tissue thickness of leaflet, but not affected chlorophylls and carotenoids contents, root FW, plant DW and most of anatomical features compared to the stressed plants without Azoxystrobin treatment. These results support that Azoxystrobin foliar application may have a positive effect on well-watered and drought-stressed tomato plants.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45938139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.136
A. Abdel-Hafeez, T. A. A. El-Mageed, M. Rady
A field experiments were conducted during the two summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 in saline soil (ECe = 9.0 dSm-1), at Fayoum province, Egypt to study the effect of ascorbic (AsA), as foliar application alone or combined with cyanobacteria (CB) on growth, yield, its components and nutritional status of sunflower plants variety Sakha 54. Treatments comprised 2 ascorbic acid (AsA) levels with or without seed inoculation with cyanobacteria (CB). They were 1 mM AsA, 2 mM AsA, 1 mM AsA + CB and 2 mM AsA + CB in addition to the control treatment in which seeds were not received CB and their plants were sprayed with distilled water. Results could be summarized as follows: increasing the addition of ascorbic acid concentration up to 1Mm with combination of CB increased significantly values of growth attributes (e.i., plant height, of leaves no. /plant, shoot dry weight and leaf area), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids), physiological responses (total soluble sugars, proline and soluble phenols) as well as the head diameter, seed yield/ plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield (t ha-1). Also, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and oil percentage of sunflower seeds with compared to control treatment in both years. Generally, the results in most cases, demonstrate that the all parameters increased significantly by using the concentration of ascorbic acid 1Mm combined with CB in both seasons
{"title":"Impact of Ascorbic Acid Foliar Spray and Seed Treatment with Cyanobacteria on Growth and Yield Component of Sunflower Plants under Saline Soil Conditions","authors":"A. Abdel-Hafeez, T. A. A. El-Mageed, M. Rady","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.136","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiments were conducted during the two summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 in saline soil (ECe = 9.0 dSm-1), at Fayoum province, Egypt to study the effect of ascorbic (AsA), as foliar application alone or combined with cyanobacteria (CB) on growth, yield, its components and nutritional status of sunflower plants variety Sakha 54. Treatments comprised 2 ascorbic acid (AsA) levels with or without seed inoculation with cyanobacteria (CB). They were 1 mM AsA, 2 mM AsA, 1 mM AsA + CB and 2 mM AsA + CB in addition to the control treatment in which seeds were not received CB and their plants were sprayed with distilled water. Results could be summarized as follows: increasing the addition of ascorbic acid concentration up to 1Mm with combination of CB increased significantly values of growth attributes (e.i., plant height, of leaves no. /plant, shoot dry weight and leaf area), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids), physiological responses (total soluble sugars, proline and soluble phenols) as well as the head diameter, seed yield/ plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield (t ha-1). Also, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and oil percentage of sunflower seeds with compared to control treatment in both years. Generally, the results in most cases, demonstrate that the all parameters increased significantly by using the concentration of ascorbic acid 1Mm combined with CB in both seasons","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42482599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.72
S. S. Zaki, E. Belal, M. Rady
Salt stress restricts plant performance by disrupting various physio-biochemical processes like photosynthesis. Plants growing in saline substrates show deficiencies in absorption of some essential elements due to the presence of excessive sodium (Na+) in the rhizosphere, which antagonizes beneficial cations and causing toxicity in metabolism. Cyanobacteria (CB; a natural biofertilizer) play a fundamental role in building-up soil fertility, thus increasing plant performance. Glutathione (GSH) is a well-known antioxidant, which contributes to increase salt tolerance in the plant. This work was conducted as a pot experiment (sand culture) in 2017 to study the combined effect of CB, applied as seed inoculation, and GSH, applied as foliar spray, on growth, pods and seed yields, the contents of antioxidants, osmoprotectants, and nutrients, and the antioxidative enzymes activities of soybean (Glycine max L., cv. Giza 111) plants grown under saline conditions. At fourth leaf stage (21 days after sowing; DAS), CB-pretreated seedlings were supplemented with NaCl (150 mM) along with Hoagland′s nutrient solution, and at the same time seedlings were sprayed with 1 mM GSH. Samples were taken at 60 DAS to assess morphological, physio-biochemical and antioxidant defense systems attributes. Results showed that the integrative application of CB and GSH under saline conditions was effective in improving significantly the growth characteristics, yield components, photosynthetic efficiency (pigments contents and chlorophyll fluorescence), membrane stability index, relative water content, contents of soluble sugars, free proline, ascorbic acid, glutathione, α-tocopherol, and protein, and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase. The contents of macronutrients (N, P, K+, and Ca2+) were also increased significantly in Glycine max plants compared to the stressed control. In contrast, Na+ content and electrolyte leakage were significantly reduced. Our results recommend using the combined CB (as seed inoculation) and GSH (as foliar spray) application for soybean plantss to grow well under saline conditions.
盐胁迫通过破坏光合作用等各种生理生化过程来限制植物的生长性能。由于根际存在过量的钠（Na+），生长在盐水基质中的植物对某些必需元素的吸收不足，这会拮抗有益的阳离子并导致代谢毒性。蓝藻（CB；一种天然生物肥料）在提高土壤肥力从而提高植物性能方面发挥着重要作用。谷胱甘肽（GSH）是一种众所周知的抗氧化剂，有助于提高植物的耐盐性。这项工作于2017年作为盆栽试验（砂培）进行，以研究CB（用作种子接种）和GSH（用作叶面喷雾）对大豆（Glycine max L.，cv.Giza 111）在盐水条件下生长的生长、荚和种子产量、抗氧化剂、渗透保护剂和营养素的含量以及抗氧化酶活性的联合影响。在第四叶期（播种后21天；DAS），用NaCl（150mM）和Hoagland的营养液补充CB预处理的幼苗，同时用1mM GSH喷洒幼苗。在60个DAS处采集样本，以评估形态学、生理生化和抗氧化防御系统的属性。结果表明，在生理盐水条件下，CB和GSH的综合施用能显著改善作物的生长特性、产量组成、光合效率（色素含量和叶绿素荧光）、膜稳定性指数、相对含水量、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽、α-生育酚和蛋白质含量，以及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和愈创木酚过氧化物酶的活性。与胁迫对照相比，大豆植株的大量营养素（N、P、K+和Ca2+）含量也显著增加。相反，Na+含量和电解质泄漏显著降低。我们的研究结果建议使用CB（作为种子接种）和GSH（作为叶面喷雾）联合施用，使大豆植株在盐碱条件下生长良好。
{"title":"Cyanobacteria and Glutathione Applications Improve Productivity, Nutrient Contents, and Antioxidant Systems of Salt-Stressed Soybean Plant","authors":"S. S. Zaki, E. Belal, M. Rady","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.72","url":null,"abstract":"Salt stress restricts plant performance by disrupting various physio-biochemical processes like photosynthesis. Plants growing in saline substrates show deficiencies in absorption of some essential elements due to the presence of excessive sodium (Na+) in the rhizosphere, which antagonizes beneficial cations and causing toxicity in metabolism. Cyanobacteria (CB; a natural biofertilizer) play a fundamental role in building-up soil fertility, thus increasing plant performance. Glutathione (GSH) is a well-known antioxidant, which contributes to increase salt tolerance in the plant. This work was conducted as a pot experiment (sand culture) in 2017 to study the combined effect of CB, applied as seed inoculation, and GSH, applied as foliar spray, on growth, pods and seed yields, the contents of antioxidants, osmoprotectants, and nutrients, and the antioxidative enzymes activities of soybean (Glycine max L., cv. Giza 111) plants grown under saline conditions. At fourth leaf stage (21 days after sowing; DAS), CB-pretreated seedlings were supplemented with NaCl (150 mM) along with Hoagland′s nutrient solution, and at the same time seedlings were sprayed with 1 mM GSH. Samples were taken at 60 DAS to assess morphological, physio-biochemical and antioxidant defense systems attributes. Results showed that the integrative application of CB and GSH under saline conditions was effective in improving significantly the growth characteristics, yield components, photosynthetic efficiency (pigments contents and chlorophyll fluorescence), membrane stability index, relative water content, contents of soluble sugars, free proline, ascorbic acid, glutathione, α-tocopherol, and protein, and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase. The contents of macronutrients (N, P, K+, and Ca2+) were also increased significantly in Glycine max plants compared to the stressed control. In contrast, Na+ content and electrolyte leakage were significantly reduced. Our results recommend using the combined CB (as seed inoculation) and GSH (as foliar spray) application for soybean plantss to grow well under saline conditions.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48907583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.124
V. Bessonova, O. Ivanchenko, Svetlana Volodarets
The effect of the new growth stimulator with the cytokinin nature Ivin was investigated at the parameters of growth, blooming and chlorophylls content of the leaves of Callistephus chinensis (L.) Ness. plants. The researched plants grow under the impact of industrial and exhaust fumes. The intensification of the growth processes of the treatment plants in comparison with untreated was established. The processed specimens enhance height, the number of side shoots, quantity of the leaves and their area as well as the area of the total assimilation plants surface with increasing of the vegetative mass of the plants accordingly. At the same time, the number of inflorescences and their average diameter increase. There was no significant difference in essential influence of the biostimulator upon the plants of Callistephus chinensis between breeds ‘Victoria Sharlachovaya’ and ‘Strausovo pero Rubinivaya’ with the exception of some variables (total assimilation surface). The content of chlorophyll in leaves of Callistephus chinensis plants increases under spraying by Ivin. The rising occurs originally after spraying seedlings due to chlorophyll, after the third treatment (flower-bud formation) – due to both forms of chlorophylls was established, as well as the breed specific reaction of plants was determined. The novelty of this work consists in the investigation of the influencing the growth stimulator on the development of the ornamental flower plants in the conditions of environmental pollution. The treatment of this preparation is appropriate for stimulation of growth and intensity of bloom of the ornamental flower plants of urban territories.
研究了含有细胞分裂素(Ivin)的新型生长刺激剂对中国石蒜(Callistephus chinensis, L.)生长、开花和叶片叶绿素含量的影响。洛克。植物。所研究的植物在工业和废气的影响下生长。与未经处理的植物相比，处理后的植物生长过程增强。处理后的植株高度、侧芽数、叶片数量及其面积和总同化植株表面面积均随植株营养质量的增加而增加。同时，花序数和平均直径增加。除某些变量(总同化面)外，生物刺激剂对中国蓟植株的实质影响在“Victoria Sharlachovaya”和“Strausovo pero Rubinivaya”品种间无显著差异。喷施Ivin后，柽柳叶片叶绿素含量明显增加。由于叶绿素的作用，上升最初发生在喷苗后，经过第三次处理(花芽形成)-由于两种形式的叶绿素被确立，并确定了植物的品种特异性反应。本研究的新颖之处在于研究了环境污染条件下生长刺激剂对观赏花卉生长发育的影响。该制剂的处理适合于刺激城市地区观赏花卉植物的生长和开花强度。
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Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.60
E. Desoky, S. Ibrahim, A. M. Merwad
Pots experiment was carried out during season 2017 at greenhouse of the Agric. Bot. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt to evaluate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) application under salinity stress (50 and100 mM NaCl) on growth, physio-chemical analysis and yield of snap bean cv. Bronco. A complete randomized blocks design was used in this search with three replications. Growth parameters, chlorophyll content and green pod yield were significantly decreased with subjecting plants to NaCl. However foliar application of GB detoxified the stress generated by NaCl and significantly improved the above mention parameters. Salinity stress increased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and decreased membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC). While foliar application of GB was improved MSI and RWC and minimized EL. Proline content and antioxidant enzymes significantly increased in the response to NaCl stress as well as GB application.
盆栽试验于2017季在农垦大棚进行。机器人。前沿空中管制官管理。。阿格利司。研究了盐胁迫(50和100 mM NaCl)下施用甘氨酸甜菜碱(GB)对菜豆生长、理化分析和产量的影响。野马。本研究采用完全随机区组设计，有三个重复。NaCl处理显著降低了植株的生长参数、叶绿素含量和绿荚产量。叶面施用GB可有效解毒，并显著改善上述参数。盐胁迫增加了电解质泄漏(EL)，降低了膜稳定指数(MSI)和相对含水量(RWC)。叶面施用GB提高了MSI和RWC，降低了EL。脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶在NaCl胁迫和GB处理下显著升高。
{"title":"Mitigation of Salinity Stress Effects on Growth, Physio-Chemical Parameters and Yield of Snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Exogenous Application of Glycine Betaine","authors":"E. Desoky, S. Ibrahim, A. M. Merwad","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.60","url":null,"abstract":"Pots experiment was carried out during season 2017 at greenhouse of the Agric. Bot. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt to evaluate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) application under salinity stress (50 and100 mM NaCl) on growth, physio-chemical analysis and yield of snap bean cv. Bronco. A complete randomized blocks design was used in this search with three replications. Growth parameters, chlorophyll content and green pod yield were significantly decreased with subjecting plants to NaCl. However foliar application of GB detoxified the stress generated by NaCl and significantly improved the above mention parameters. Salinity stress increased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and decreased membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC). While foliar application of GB was improved MSI and RWC and minimized EL. Proline content and antioxidant enzymes significantly increased in the response to NaCl stress as well as GB application.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48128338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.1
M. Barakat, A. Osman, W. Semida, Mohamed A. Gyushi
This study was carried out during the winter seasons of 2016 and 2017 at private farm in Beni Suief Governorate, Egypt to investigate the integrative use of potassium levels (24, 48, 72 and 96 kg K2O fed-1) and soil mulching (rice straw and bare soil) on growth and productivity of garlic under three levels of surface irrigation (60, 80 and 100 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETC)). The experimental layout was a spit-spilt plot system based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design. Irrigation levels, potassium rates and mulch types were randomly allocated in the main, sub and sub-sub plots, orderly. The obtained results showed that, the amount of irrigation at 80 and/or 100 % ETC was accompanied increases by plant height, leaves number, leaf area and dry weight plant-1, total bulbs yield, individual bulb weight, cloves weight and number bulb-1 compared to irrigation 60 % ETC. The application of potassium from 24 to 48 and further to 72 and 96 kg K2O fed-1 gave gradual increments in the aforementioned growth and productivity of traits. The rice straw mulch augmented all previous growth, total bulbs yield and its components compared to bare soil. Generally, the 1st order interaction between irrigation percent at 100 and/or 80 % ETC × potassium rate at 96 and/or 72 kg K2O fed-1, irrigation percent at 80 and/or 100 % ETC × rice straw, potassium rate at 96 kg K2O fed-1 × rice straw and the 2nd interaction of irrigation percent at 100 % ETC × potassium rate at 96 kg K2O fed-1 × rice straw mulch had pronounced effects on morphological characters and bulbs yield and its components compared to other combined treatments.
这项研究于2016年和2017年冬季在埃及贝尼绥夫省的私人农场进行，以调查在三个水平的地表灌溉（60%、80%和100%的作物蒸散量（ETC））下，钾水平（24、48、72和96 kg K2O fed-1）和土壤覆盖（稻草和裸土）对大蒜生长和生产力的综合利用。实验布局是一个基于随机完全块设计的吐出图系统。灌溉水平、施钾量和覆盖物类型按主、亚、小区顺序随机分配。结果表明，与灌溉60%ETC相比，在80%ETC和/或100%ETC下的灌溉量伴随着株高、叶数、叶面积和干重植株-1、球茎总产量、单株球茎重量、丁香重量和球茎数量-1的增加。施钾量从24到48，再到72和96公斤K2O fed-1，使上述性状的生长和生产力逐渐增加。与裸土相比，稻草覆盖增加了所有先前的生长、球茎总产量及其组成部分。一般来说，100和/或80%ETC下的灌溉百分比×96和/或72kg K2O fed-1下的钾率、80和/或100%ETC下的浇灌百分比×稻草之间的一阶相互作用，与其他组合处理相比，96 kg K2O fed-1×稻草的施钾量和100%ETC×96 kg K20 fed-1×秸秆覆盖的施钾率的第二次交互作用对形态特征、鳞茎产量及其组成有显著影响。
{"title":"Integrated Use of Potassium and Soil Mulching on Growth and Productivity of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) under Deficit Irrigation","authors":"M. Barakat, A. Osman, W. Semida, Mohamed A. Gyushi","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out during the winter seasons of 2016 and 2017 at private farm in Beni Suief Governorate, Egypt to investigate the integrative use of potassium levels (24, 48, 72 and 96 kg K2O fed-1) and soil mulching (rice straw and bare soil) on growth and productivity of garlic under three levels of surface irrigation (60, 80 and 100 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETC)). The experimental layout was a spit-spilt plot system based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design. Irrigation levels, potassium rates and mulch types were randomly allocated in the main, sub and sub-sub plots, orderly. The obtained results showed that, the amount of irrigation at 80 and/or 100 % ETC was accompanied increases by plant height, leaves number, leaf area and dry weight plant-1, total bulbs yield, individual bulb weight, cloves weight and number bulb-1 compared to irrigation 60 % ETC. The application of potassium from 24 to 48 and further to 72 and 96 kg K2O fed-1 gave gradual increments in the aforementioned growth and productivity of traits. The rice straw mulch augmented all previous growth, total bulbs yield and its components compared to bare soil. Generally, the 1st order interaction between irrigation percent at 100 and/or 80 % ETC × potassium rate at 96 and/or 72 kg K2O fed-1, irrigation percent at 80 and/or 100 % ETC × rice straw, potassium rate at 96 kg K2O fed-1 × rice straw and the 2nd interaction of irrigation percent at 100 % ETC × potassium rate at 96 kg K2O fed-1 × rice straw mulch had pronounced effects on morphological characters and bulbs yield and its components compared to other combined treatments.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47111974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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