Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.78.23
D. N. Akongyuure
The study of feeding ecology and reproductive biology ensures that the right management measures are applied for best output of fish stocks. Selection of good fish species for culture is also made possible through feeding and reproductive studies. Ghana over-relies on the culture of Nile tilapia and African catfish because there is no reliable scientific information on potential fish species that can be included for fish farming. The current study sought to investigate food habits and reproductive characteristics of economically important fish species in the Tono Reservoir of Northern Ghana. Monthly sampling was carried out from January, 2015 to December, 2016 (24 months). Specimens were obtained using cast net and gillnets of varying mesh sizes. Specimens were immediately transported to the laboratory in a chilled iced chest of temperature 4 for morphometric measurements and microscopic analysis of gut content and gonads. Thirty-three (33) individual food items were identified from all the fish species. Phytoplankton was the most important diet (Index of Relative Importance, IRI = 1923) whereas zooplankton was the least important diet (IRI = 35) out of the five major categories of food items identified from all the fish species. The major peaks of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of females were noted in February – March and June – July. Over 80 % variation of fecundity was explained by the predictors (standard length, fish weight and gonad weight) for Clarias gariepinus and Auchenoglanis occidentalis. All the fish species were classified as omnivores and they spawned more than once in a year making all of them good candidates for aquaculture. Management measures should focus on regulating agricultural activities close to the reservoir and fishing activities in the reservoir for sustainable fish production and exploitation.
{"title":"Feeding Ecology and Reproductive Biology of some Economically Important Fish Species in the Tono Reservoir, Ghana","authors":"D. N. Akongyuure","doi":"10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.78.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.78.23","url":null,"abstract":"The study of feeding ecology and reproductive biology ensures that the right management measures are applied for best output of fish stocks. Selection of good fish species for culture is also made possible through feeding and reproductive studies. Ghana over-relies on the culture of Nile tilapia and African catfish because there is no reliable scientific information on potential fish species that can be included for fish farming. The current study sought to investigate food habits and reproductive characteristics of economically important fish species in the Tono Reservoir of Northern Ghana. Monthly sampling was carried out from January, 2015 to December, 2016 (24 months). Specimens were obtained using cast net and gillnets of varying mesh sizes. Specimens were immediately transported to the laboratory in a chilled iced chest of temperature 4 for morphometric measurements and microscopic analysis of gut content and gonads. Thirty-three (33) individual food items were identified from all the fish species. Phytoplankton was the most important diet (Index of Relative Importance, IRI = 1923) whereas zooplankton was the least important diet (IRI = 35) out of the five major categories of food items identified from all the fish species. The major peaks of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of females were noted in February – March and June – July. Over 80 % variation of fecundity was explained by the predictors (standard length, fish weight and gonad weight) for Clarias gariepinus and Auchenoglanis occidentalis. All the fish species were classified as omnivores and they spawned more than once in a year making all of them good candidates for aquaculture. Management measures should focus on regulating agricultural activities close to the reservoir and fishing activities in the reservoir for sustainable fish production and exploitation.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43991016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.78.1
Nooka Ratnam Kinthada, M. Gurram
The study aimed at identifying and mapping groundwater potential zones in agricultural intensive Sarada river basin using Remote sensing and GIS technology. Zones of water potentiality were mapped integrating various information layers in GIS environment which eventually helped weighted modeling to arrive at the final outcome. Hydrogeomorphic units such as alluvial plains, valley fills, shallow weathered pediplains and deeply weathered pediplainswere mapped. Eventually water potential zones in the basin were mapped and categorised them in to ‘excellent’, ‘good’, ‘moderate’ and ‘poor’. The study highlighted the effective use of Remote sensing and GIS technology for integrated analysis, identification and mapping of the groundwater potential zones in the Sarada river basin.
{"title":"Remote Sensing and GIS for Integrated Modeling and Analysis for Mapping of Groundwater Potential Zones in Sarada River Basin, Visakhapatnam, India","authors":"Nooka Ratnam Kinthada, M. Gurram","doi":"10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.78.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.78.1","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at identifying and mapping groundwater potential zones in agricultural intensive Sarada river basin using Remote sensing and GIS technology. Zones of water potentiality were mapped integrating various information layers in GIS environment which eventually helped weighted modeling to arrive at the final outcome. Hydrogeomorphic units such as alluvial plains, valley fills, shallow weathered pediplains and deeply weathered pediplainswere mapped. Eventually water potential zones in the basin were mapped and categorised them in to ‘excellent’, ‘good’, ‘moderate’ and ‘poor’. The study highlighted the effective use of Remote sensing and GIS technology for integrated analysis, identification and mapping of the groundwater potential zones in the Sarada river basin.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44692301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.78.14
L. Cheban, M. Marchenko
The atricle is devoted to the study of the cultivation of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing, Microcystis pulverea (H.C.Wood) Forti. in the presence of basalt tuff. The possibility of using basalt tuff as an adsorbing material for regulating the number of cyanobacteria and preventing toxic “water bloom” in fluid circuits. The study analyzes the change in the biomass amount and the dynamics of the proportion of dead cyanobacteria in response to the presence of basalt tuff in the culture medium. It is noted that the use of basalt tuff leads to a decrease in the growth activity of cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa, Microcystis pulverea, manifested in an increase in the number of dead cells and slowdown the accumulation of cyanobacterial biomass. These effects are the result of a decrease in the amount of available nitrogen in the nutrient medium.
{"title":"Using Basaltic Tuff for Decreasing the Growth Activity of Cyanobacteria","authors":"L. Cheban, M. Marchenko","doi":"10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.78.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.78.14","url":null,"abstract":"The atricle is devoted to the study of the cultivation of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing, Microcystis pulverea (H.C.Wood) Forti. in the presence of basalt tuff. The possibility of using basalt tuff as an adsorbing material for regulating the number of cyanobacteria and preventing toxic “water bloom” in fluid circuits. The study analyzes the change in the biomass amount and the dynamics of the proportion of dead cyanobacteria in response to the presence of basalt tuff in the culture medium. It is noted that the use of basalt tuff leads to a decrease in the growth activity of cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa, Microcystis pulverea, manifested in an increase in the number of dead cells and slowdown the accumulation of cyanobacterial biomass. These effects are the result of a decrease in the amount of available nitrogen in the nutrient medium.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44028307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.27
K. J. Konoyima, A. Mansaray, Ernest Tom Ndomahina, Elizabeth Boima Amara
This study was conducted in the lower, middle and upper reaches of the Rokel/Seli River, Northern Sierra Leone. There is a research gap on the growth or wellbeing of tilapia fish species in Sierra Leone. The objective of this study is to determine the length-weight relationship and condition factor of Coelotilapia joka from the main river channel. This research could contribute to promoting an agenda for fish culture practices for the fish. A total of 228 specimens of Coelotilapia joka were collected using gill nets. Fish length and weight measurements were done using fish measuring board and digital weighing balance respectively. Measurement for water quality was made using the Jemway multi-parameter water quality measuring device (Model: J970, Barloworld Scientific, United Kingdom). The values for regression coefficient “b” gave 2.5437, 2.1841 and 2.4585 for males, females and combined sex respectively, implying a negative allometric growth in the fish at (b<3.0). Similarly, a strong positive linear correlation “r” exists for male (0.947) and female (0.827) species of C. joka. Mean condition coefficient (K) was 2.113 ± 0.309 for males and 1.969± 0.359 for females. The lowest condition factor for male,1.995 and female,1.743 were recorded in March and April respectively, and the highest, 2.552 and 2.067 recorded in August. These values, however, suggest that the fish was in good condition (K>1). The difference in ‘K” for both sex is significant (p<0.05). A study for a period of one year could, however, provide a complete analysis of seasonal variations in growth and condition of the fish.
{"title":"Lengthz-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Coelotilapia joka (Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969) in the Rokel/Seli River, West Africa","authors":"K. J. Konoyima, A. Mansaray, Ernest Tom Ndomahina, Elizabeth Boima Amara","doi":"10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.27","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in the lower, middle and upper reaches of the Rokel/Seli River, Northern Sierra Leone. There is a research gap on the growth or wellbeing of tilapia fish species in Sierra Leone. The objective of this study is to determine the length-weight relationship and condition factor of Coelotilapia joka from the main river channel. This research could contribute to promoting an agenda for fish culture practices for the fish. A total of 228 specimens of Coelotilapia joka were collected using gill nets. Fish length and weight measurements were done using fish measuring board and digital weighing balance respectively. Measurement for water quality was made using the Jemway multi-parameter water quality measuring device (Model: J970, Barloworld Scientific, United Kingdom). The values for regression coefficient “b” gave 2.5437, 2.1841 and 2.4585 for males, females and combined sex respectively, implying a negative allometric growth in the fish at (b<3.0). Similarly, a strong positive linear correlation “r” exists for male (0.947) and female (0.827) species of C. joka. Mean condition coefficient (K) was 2.113 ± 0.309 for males and 1.969± 0.359 for females. The lowest condition factor for male,1.995 and female,1.743 were recorded in March and April respectively, and the highest, 2.552 and 2.067 recorded in August. These values, however, suggest that the fish was in good condition (K>1). The difference in ‘K” for both sex is significant (p<0.05). A study for a period of one year could, however, provide a complete analysis of seasonal variations in growth and condition of the fish.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45299188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.51
U. O. Emoyoma, Aroloye O. Numbere, G. N. Woke
It is postulated that the presence of nypa palm (Nypa palm) in mangrove forest affect the reproductive function of fish by inhibiting the growth of macro invertebrates. The impact of Nypa fruticans (Wurmb) and mangroves on the benthic macro invertebrate community of Andoni River was carried out between January and August, 2017. A total of four stations were chosen based on nypa palm and native mangrove species’ presence and absence, station 1 (Open water), Station 2 (Nypa palm dominance), station 3 (Rhizophora and Avicennia dominance), Station 4 (Mixed). Results of water quality parameters include; pH 6.99±0.16, Temperature 28.20±0.05°C, DO 4.71±0.18mg/L, Conductivity 19.52±0.20µm/s, Salinity 10.76±0.07ppt, TDS 13.45±0.27ppt. Mean values of the physico-chemical parameters (P > 0.05) were not significantly different. Twelve taxa of benthic macro-invertebrates in eleven families were collected. The crustaceans were more in diversity (38.46%), while bivalvia, pisces and oligochaete had the least percentage composition (7.69%). The gastropods were more in species dominance (44.69%), while the Oligochaeta were least in abundance (0.61%). Shannon Weiner’s index across the stations for benthos was highest in station 2 (1.840) and lowest in station 1 (1.103). Simpson’s index was highest in station 2 (1.990) and lowest in station 1 (1.938). Pielou’s index of evenness was highest in station 2 (0.767) and lowest in station 1 (0.616). All the macro-invertebrates recorded were clean water and pollution tolerant species, and showed no significant difference across stations (P>0.05). In conclusion this study indicates that nypa palm does not affect the proliferation of macro invertebrates, which supports fishery population along the food chain.
{"title":"Impact of Nypa Palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) and Mangroves Forest on Benthic Macro Invertebrate Community in Andoni River, Nigeria","authors":"U. O. Emoyoma, Aroloye O. Numbere, G. N. Woke","doi":"10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.51","url":null,"abstract":"It is postulated that the presence of nypa palm (Nypa palm) in mangrove forest affect the reproductive function of fish by inhibiting the growth of macro invertebrates. The impact of Nypa fruticans (Wurmb) and mangroves on the benthic macro invertebrate community of Andoni River was carried out between January and August, 2017. A total of four stations were chosen based on nypa palm and native mangrove species’ presence and absence, station 1 (Open water), Station 2 (Nypa palm dominance), station 3 (Rhizophora and Avicennia dominance), Station 4 (Mixed). Results of water quality parameters include; pH 6.99±0.16, Temperature 28.20±0.05°C, DO 4.71±0.18mg/L, Conductivity 19.52±0.20µm/s, Salinity 10.76±0.07ppt, TDS 13.45±0.27ppt. Mean values of the physico-chemical parameters (P > 0.05) were not significantly different. Twelve taxa of benthic macro-invertebrates in eleven families were collected. The crustaceans were more in diversity (38.46%), while bivalvia, pisces and oligochaete had the least percentage composition (7.69%). The gastropods were more in species dominance (44.69%), while the Oligochaeta were least in abundance (0.61%). Shannon Weiner’s index across the stations for benthos was highest in station 2 (1.840) and lowest in station 1 (1.103). Simpson’s index was highest in station 2 (1.990) and lowest in station 1 (1.938). Pielou’s index of evenness was highest in station 2 (0.767) and lowest in station 1 (0.616). All the macro-invertebrates recorded were clean water and pollution tolerant species, and showed no significant difference across stations (P>0.05). In conclusion this study indicates that nypa palm does not affect the proliferation of macro invertebrates, which supports fishery population along the food chain.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43411630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.41
Ramin Rayee, T. Xuan, H. Tran, Naqib Ahmad Fakoori, T. Khanh, Tran Dang Dat
Chilling is one of the major abiotic stress which limites yield and quality of many crops. The seedlings of rice varieties namely Koshihikari (Japonica subtype) chilling tolerant, and the susceptible NMR2 (Indica subtype) were treated at 25/15 °C and 5/4 °C day/night to determine the growth parameters, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity. It was found that in all treatments, the growth of MNR2 including root and shoot lengths, and leaf and root weights were inhibited at greater levels than Koshihikari. There were seven phenolic acids identified in leaves of Koshihikari including caffeic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, benzoic acid, ellagic acid, and cinamic acid, but only benzoic acid and ellagic acid were found in leaves of MNR2. In contrast, only vanillic acid and ellagic acid were observed in roots of Koshihikari, whilst ellagic acid and cinnamic acid were found in roots of MNR2. It was found that rice reduced amount of phenolic acids but promoted quantity of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) and level of antioxidant activity in chilling stress, although the level of responses varied between Japonica and Indica subtypes. Tolerant rice possessed greater bound flavonoids, phenolics and phenolic acids, but susceptible rice accumulated greater free TPC and TFC in reduced temperature. Findings of this study highlighted that phenolic constituents in bound forms of phenols, polyphenols, and flavonoids may play an active role in rice plants than phenolic acids under chilling stress but need further elaboration.
{"title":"Responses of Flavonoids, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Activity in Rice Seedlings between Japonica and Indica Subtypes to Chilling Stress","authors":"Ramin Rayee, T. Xuan, H. Tran, Naqib Ahmad Fakoori, T. Khanh, Tran Dang Dat","doi":"10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.41","url":null,"abstract":"Chilling is one of the major abiotic stress which limites yield and quality of many crops. The seedlings of rice varieties namely Koshihikari (Japonica subtype) chilling tolerant, and the susceptible NMR2 (Indica subtype) were treated at 25/15 °C and 5/4 °C day/night to determine the growth parameters, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity. It was found that in all treatments, the growth of MNR2 including root and shoot lengths, and leaf and root weights were inhibited at greater levels than Koshihikari. There were seven phenolic acids identified in leaves of Koshihikari including caffeic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, benzoic acid, ellagic acid, and cinamic acid, but only benzoic acid and ellagic acid were found in leaves of MNR2. In contrast, only vanillic acid and ellagic acid were observed in roots of Koshihikari, whilst ellagic acid and cinnamic acid were found in roots of MNR2. It was found that rice reduced amount of phenolic acids but promoted quantity of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) and level of antioxidant activity in chilling stress, although the level of responses varied between Japonica and Indica subtypes. Tolerant rice possessed greater bound flavonoids, phenolics and phenolic acids, but susceptible rice accumulated greater free TPC and TFC in reduced temperature. Findings of this study highlighted that phenolic constituents in bound forms of phenols, polyphenols, and flavonoids may play an active role in rice plants than phenolic acids under chilling stress but need further elaboration.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42091631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.1
Anna Reyes, E. Ocampo, M. C. Manuel, B. Mendoza
Each plant species is regarded to substantially influence and thus, select for specific rhizosphere microbial populations. This is considered in the exploitation of soil microbial diversity associated with important crops, which has been of interest in modern agricultural practices for sustainable productivity. This study used PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) in order to obtain an initial assessment of the bacterial and fungal communities associated in bulk soil and rhizospheres of different mungbean genotypes under natural field conditions. Integrated use of multivariate analysis and diversity index showed plant growth stage as the primary driver of community shifts in both microbial groups while rhizosphere effect was found to be less discrete in fungal communities. On the other hand, genotype effect was not discerned but not inferred to be absent due to possible lack of manifestations of differences among genotypes based on tolerance to drought under non-stressed environment, and due to detection limits of DGGE. Sequence analysis of prominent members further revealed that Bacillus and Arthrobacter species were dominant in bacterial communities whereas members of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were common in fungal communities of mungbean. Overall, fungal communities had higher estimated diversity and composition heterogeneity, and were more dynamic under plant growth influence, rhizosphere effect and natural environmental conditions during mungbean growth in upland field. These primary evaluations are prerequisite to understanding the interactions between plant and rhizosphere microorganisms with the intention of employing their potential use for sustainable crop production.
{"title":"Analysis of the Bacterial and Fungal Community Profiles in Bulk Soil and Rhizospheres of Three Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] Genotypes through PCR-DGGE","authors":"Anna Reyes, E. Ocampo, M. C. Manuel, B. Mendoza","doi":"10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.1","url":null,"abstract":"Each plant species is regarded to substantially influence and thus, select for specific rhizosphere microbial populations. This is considered in the exploitation of soil microbial diversity associated with important crops, which has been of interest in modern agricultural practices for sustainable productivity. This study used PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) in order to obtain an initial assessment of the bacterial and fungal communities associated in bulk soil and rhizospheres of different mungbean genotypes under natural field conditions. Integrated use of multivariate analysis and diversity index showed plant growth stage as the primary driver of community shifts in both microbial groups while rhizosphere effect was found to be less discrete in fungal communities. On the other hand, genotype effect was not discerned but not inferred to be absent due to possible lack of manifestations of differences among genotypes based on tolerance to drought under non-stressed environment, and due to detection limits of DGGE. Sequence analysis of prominent members further revealed that Bacillus and Arthrobacter species were dominant in bacterial communities whereas members of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were common in fungal communities of mungbean. Overall, fungal communities had higher estimated diversity and composition heterogeneity, and were more dynamic under plant growth influence, rhizosphere effect and natural environmental conditions during mungbean growth in upland field. These primary evaluations are prerequisite to understanding the interactions between plant and rhizosphere microorganisms with the intention of employing their potential use for sustainable crop production.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45543072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.98
W. Semida, A. Emara, M. Barakat
The aim of this trial was to investigate the pre-harvest foliar application of calcium chloride and potassium thiosulfate each at 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 % on some quality of tomato fruit (hybrid 65010) during cold storage. The experimental layout of cold storage experiments was a split-split-plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks design with three replications. Time of cold storage, calcium chloride and potassium thiosulfate levels were randomly distributed in the main, sub-and sub-sub plots, orderly. At the termination of cold storage, effect on tomato fruit titratable acidity, vitamin C and lycopene contents while, negative impact on firmness and total soluble sugars contents was obtained. At termination of cold storage, pre-harvest foliar calcium chloride at 0.2 and/or 0.4 % caused increments in fruit titratable acidity, vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents. In addition, pre-harvest foliar potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % enhanced fruit vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents and also increased titratable acidity content. Generally, the interaction between cold storage × pre-harvest foliar calcium chloride or potassium thiosulfate at 0.2 and/or 0.4% increased fruit total titratable acidity, vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents. Also, the interaction between pre-harvest calcium chloride × potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % was distinguished and increased all studied fruit quality at the end of cold storage. The interaction treatment of cold storage × calcium chloride at 0.4 % × potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % was the best that improved fruit quality more than others.
{"title":"Improving Quality Attributes of Tomato during Cold Storage by Preharvest Foliar Application of Calcium Chloride and Potassium Thiosulfate","authors":"W. Semida, A. Emara, M. Barakat","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.98","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this trial was to investigate the pre-harvest foliar application of calcium chloride and potassium thiosulfate each at 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 % on some quality of tomato fruit (hybrid 65010) during cold storage. The experimental layout of cold storage experiments was a split-split-plot based on Randomized Complete Blocks design with three replications. Time of cold storage, calcium chloride and potassium thiosulfate levels were randomly distributed in the main, sub-and sub-sub plots, orderly. At the termination of cold storage, effect on tomato fruit titratable acidity, vitamin C and lycopene contents while, negative impact on firmness and total soluble sugars contents was obtained. At termination of cold storage, pre-harvest foliar calcium chloride at 0.2 and/or 0.4 % caused increments in fruit titratable acidity, vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents. In addition, pre-harvest foliar potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % enhanced fruit vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents and also increased titratable acidity content. Generally, the interaction between cold storage × pre-harvest foliar calcium chloride or potassium thiosulfate at 0.2 and/or 0.4% increased fruit total titratable acidity, vitamin C, total soluble sugars, lycopene and firmness contents. Also, the interaction between pre-harvest calcium chloride × potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % was distinguished and increased all studied fruit quality at the end of cold storage. The interaction treatment of cold storage × calcium chloride at 0.4 % × potassium thiosulfate at 0.4 % was the best that improved fruit quality more than others.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49442918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.147
A. Kuşvuran, S. Kusvuran
Drought is a significant environmental stress that limits plant growth and yield. In this study, an investigation of guar, grown under different drought level conditions [(S0: 100% of field capacity), S1 (depletion of 75% the available water holding capacity), S2 (depletion of 50% the available water holding capacity), S3 (depletion of 25% the available water holding capacity), S4 (no applied irrigation water)] with regards to the impact of Chlorella vulgaris based microbial fertilizer on physiological, morphological, and enzymatic activity was performed. Microbial fertilizer applications significantly increased shoot length, fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root, and leaf number and area of guar plants compared to the only drought stress treatments. In addition, following the above-mentioned procedures, there were significant increases in the relative water content, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutation reductase (GR) activity. However, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly decreased. Hence, the results support the administration of a foliar application to the microbial fertilizer containing microalgae in order to increase the guar plant’s defense system, enabling it to tolerate the negative effects resulting from drought stress.
{"title":"Using of Microbial Fertilizer as Biostimulant Alleviates Damage from Drought Stress in Guar (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) Seedlings","authors":"A. Kuşvuran, S. Kusvuran","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.147","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a significant environmental stress that limits plant growth and yield. In this study, an investigation of guar, grown under different drought level conditions [(S0: 100% of field capacity), S1 (depletion of 75% the available water holding capacity), S2 (depletion of 50% the available water holding capacity), S3 (depletion of 25% the available water holding capacity), S4 (no applied irrigation water)] with regards to the impact of Chlorella vulgaris based microbial fertilizer on physiological, morphological, and enzymatic activity was performed. Microbial fertilizer applications significantly increased shoot length, fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root, and leaf number and area of guar plants compared to the only drought stress treatments. In addition, following the above-mentioned procedures, there were significant increases in the relative water content, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutation reductase (GR) activity. However, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly decreased. Hence, the results support the administration of a foliar application to the microbial fertilizer containing microalgae in order to increase the guar plant’s defense system, enabling it to tolerate the negative effects resulting from drought stress.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43536590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.50
S. Batool, Shahbaz Khan, Shahzad Ma Basra, M. Hussain, M. Saddiq, S. Iqbal, S. Irshad, S. Bashir, M. Hafeez
Low-temperature results in various physiological and metabolic disturbances in cells of plants which are sensitive to low-temperatures. Moringa is getting popularity as a field crop because of its multipurpose usage. There is no information available about effects of low-temperature (14-18°C) on moringa seedlings and its mitigation. Present study was conducted to test the performance of moringa seedling grown in wire house under low-temperature conditions in response to foliar application of moringa leaf extract (3% solution), hydrogen peroxide (5 ml L-1), ascorbic acid (50 mg L-1) and salicylic acid (50 mg L-1). Seeds of six moringa accessions [Local landrace grown at Agronomic Research Area, Z.A Hashmi Hall, Firdous Colony. Exotic landrace grown at Lalazaar Colony, Department of Agronomy and Agronomic Research Area.] were collected and grown in polythene bags filled with equal ratio of compost, sand, silt and clay. All foliar treatments were applied twice; first round at the seedling age one month and second round at the seedling age two months. Foliar application of moringa leaf extract significantly enhanced number of branches (92%) and leaves (39%), leaf total chlorophyll contents (73%), leaf phenolic contents (53%) and membrane stability index (57%) of moringa seedlings compared to control. Healthy and vigorous growth of moringa seedlings with higher concentration of antioxidants ensured the defensive potential of moringa leaf extract against low-temperature condition.
{"title":"Impact of Natural and Synthetic Plant Stimulants on Moringa Seedlings Grown under Low-Temperature Conditions","authors":"S. Batool, Shahbaz Khan, Shahzad Ma Basra, M. Hussain, M. Saddiq, S. Iqbal, S. Irshad, S. Bashir, M. Hafeez","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.76.50","url":null,"abstract":"Low-temperature results in various physiological and metabolic disturbances in cells of plants which are sensitive to low-temperatures. Moringa is getting popularity as a field crop because of its multipurpose usage. There is no information available about effects of low-temperature (14-18°C) on moringa seedlings and its mitigation. Present study was conducted to test the performance of moringa seedling grown in wire house under low-temperature conditions in response to foliar application of moringa leaf extract (3% solution), hydrogen peroxide (5 ml L-1), ascorbic acid (50 mg L-1) and salicylic acid (50 mg L-1). Seeds of six moringa accessions [Local landrace grown at Agronomic Research Area, Z.A Hashmi Hall, Firdous Colony. Exotic landrace grown at Lalazaar Colony, Department of Agronomy and Agronomic Research Area.] were collected and grown in polythene bags filled with equal ratio of compost, sand, silt and clay. All foliar treatments were applied twice; first round at the seedling age one month and second round at the seedling age two months. Foliar application of moringa leaf extract significantly enhanced number of branches (92%) and leaves (39%), leaf total chlorophyll contents (73%), leaf phenolic contents (53%) and membrane stability index (57%) of moringa seedlings compared to control. Healthy and vigorous growth of moringa seedlings with higher concentration of antioxidants ensured the defensive potential of moringa leaf extract against low-temperature condition.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42687150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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