Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.36
M. Elayaraja, D. Kumarasamy
The Neyveli lignite is one of the largest brown coal field of India, Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. The lignite it is one of tertiary formation found in the Neyveli, So far many mega and micro fossils reported from this formation. The Neyveli lignite well preserved and recognizable entities are mainly woody and non-woody tissues of different angiosperm plants, spore and pollen, cuticles of leaves, resins, fungal spores and fungal fruiting bodies. The present study is about the charcoalified angiospermic wood is identified as Hopenium pondicherriensis (Dipterocarpaceae). This is a first report of Hopenium pondicherriensis from the Neyveli formation.
{"title":"Charcoalified Wood of Hopenium pondicherriensis (Dipterocarpaceae) from Neyveli Lignite Formation","authors":"M. Elayaraja, D. Kumarasamy","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.36","url":null,"abstract":"The Neyveli lignite is one of the largest brown coal field of India, Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. The lignite it is one of tertiary formation found in the Neyveli, So far many mega and micro fossils reported from this formation. The Neyveli lignite well preserved and recognizable entities are mainly woody and non-woody tissues of different angiosperm plants, spore and pollen, cuticles of leaves, resins, fungal spores and fungal fruiting bodies. The present study is about the charcoalified angiospermic wood is identified as Hopenium pondicherriensis (Dipterocarpaceae). This is a first report of Hopenium pondicherriensis from the Neyveli formation.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42528539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.13
E. Adeyeye
This article reports the amino acid profiles of the innards of the male and female dry samples ofN. maculatuscollected from the Atlantic Ocean at Orimedu beach in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria. The analytical results showed high values of amino acids being observed in both heterosexual samples (g 100g-1protein): 8.17-8.32 (Leu), 8.35-10.3 (Asp), 17.6-18.2 (Glu) and 7.76-9.55 (Arg) with total amino acid values being greater in female innards (97.6g100g-1) than the male innards (95.5g 100g-1). These quality parameters were instructive of the quality of the amino acids in the innards ofN. maculatus: P-PER1, (2.83-3.01), P-PER2(2.89-2.96), EAAI (88.7-89.0), BV (85.0-85.5), Lys/Trp (L/T) (3.00-5.01), Met/Trp (M/T) (1.78-3.50) and Phe/Tyr (1.04-1.65). ThepIvalues were close at 5.46-5.57. In the amino acid groups (classes), the following trend was observed: class I > IV >V > VI > II > III > VII. For the amino acid scores: serine (0.487-0.511) was limiting in both samples on the total hen’s egg scoring pattern; in provisional scoring pattern, Lys was limiting in both samples with values of 0.820-0.889 and in the pre-school amino acid requirements, Lys was also limiting at 0.778-0.843. In the statistical analyses total amino acid profiles as well as egg scores were significantly different between the two samples whereas quality scores in pre-school amino acid requirements and provisional amino acid scoring pattern were both not significantly different between the two samples all at r=0.01. Among the EAAs, six out of nine (66.7%) were more concentrated in the male innards and three of nine (33.3%) were more concentrated in the female. Thus the overall summary showed the male innards amino acids were of better quality than in the female as shown: male innards EEA = 46.1 g100g-1and 46.0 g100g-1in the female with corresponding TNEAA of 49.3g 100g-1and 51.6g 100g-1respectively.
{"title":"Simultaneous Identification and Evaluation of Amino Acid Profiles of the Male and Female Innards of Neopetrolisthes maculatus","authors":"E. Adeyeye","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.13","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports the amino acid profiles of the innards of the male and female dry samples ofN. maculatuscollected from the Atlantic Ocean at Orimedu beach in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria. The analytical results showed high values of amino acids being observed in both heterosexual samples (g 100g-1protein): 8.17-8.32 (Leu), 8.35-10.3 (Asp), 17.6-18.2 (Glu) and 7.76-9.55 (Arg) with total amino acid values being greater in female innards (97.6g100g-1) than the male innards (95.5g 100g-1). These quality parameters were instructive of the quality of the amino acids in the innards ofN. maculatus: P-PER1, (2.83-3.01), P-PER2(2.89-2.96), EAAI (88.7-89.0), BV (85.0-85.5), Lys/Trp (L/T) (3.00-5.01), Met/Trp (M/T) (1.78-3.50) and Phe/Tyr (1.04-1.65). ThepIvalues were close at 5.46-5.57. In the amino acid groups (classes), the following trend was observed: class I > IV >V > VI > II > III > VII. For the amino acid scores: serine (0.487-0.511) was limiting in both samples on the total hen’s egg scoring pattern; in provisional scoring pattern, Lys was limiting in both samples with values of 0.820-0.889 and in the pre-school amino acid requirements, Lys was also limiting at 0.778-0.843. In the statistical analyses total amino acid profiles as well as egg scores were significantly different between the two samples whereas quality scores in pre-school amino acid requirements and provisional amino acid scoring pattern were both not significantly different between the two samples all at r=0.01. Among the EAAs, six out of nine (66.7%) were more concentrated in the male innards and three of nine (33.3%) were more concentrated in the female. Thus the overall summary showed the male innards amino acids were of better quality than in the female as shown: male innards EEA = 46.1 g100g-1and 46.0 g100g-1in the female with corresponding TNEAA of 49.3g 100g-1and 51.6g 100g-1respectively.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45761268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.41
H. Allahyari, A. Karami, H. Tebyanian, H. Nouri, S. Khodi, Gholamreza Farnoosh, S. Arab, A. Latifi
The N-terminal domain of the ice-nucleation protein InaV (InaV-N) ofPseudomonas syringaewas applied to display the DFPase on the cell surface.In silicotechniques were used to generate a model in order to examine the possibility of DFPase exhibition on the cell surface. The secondary and tertiary structures of a chimeric protein were determined and then, the predicted model was subjected to several repeated cycles of stereochemical evaluation and energy minimization. The homology-modeled structure of the InaV/N-DFPase protein was docked to DFP. The optimizedinaV/N-dfpasegene was translated to 519 amino acids. The minimum free energy of the best-predicted secondary structures was formed by RNA molecules (-215.45 kcal/mol). SOPMA analysis results showed that the main helix peak corresponded to the anchor fragment. Validation of the 3D model indicated that 86.1% of amino acid residues were incorporated into the favored regions. The moldock score was 360.22 for DFP. Results of this study indicated that according toin silicoanalysis, all of these findings were effective in targeting DFPase.
{"title":"Applying In Silico Approaches for Designing a Chimeric InaV/N-DFPase Protein and Evaluating its Binding with Diisopropyl-Fluorophosphate","authors":"H. Allahyari, A. Karami, H. Tebyanian, H. Nouri, S. Khodi, Gholamreza Farnoosh, S. Arab, A. Latifi","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.41","url":null,"abstract":"The N-terminal domain of the ice-nucleation protein InaV (InaV-N) ofPseudomonas syringaewas applied to display the DFPase on the cell surface.In silicotechniques were used to generate a model in order to examine the possibility of DFPase exhibition on the cell surface. The secondary and tertiary structures of a chimeric protein were determined and then, the predicted model was subjected to several repeated cycles of stereochemical evaluation and energy minimization. The homology-modeled structure of the InaV/N-DFPase protein was docked to DFP. The optimizedinaV/N-dfpasegene was translated to 519 amino acids. The minimum free energy of the best-predicted secondary structures was formed by RNA molecules (-215.45 kcal/mol). SOPMA analysis results showed that the main helix peak corresponded to the anchor fragment. Validation of the 3D model indicated that 86.1% of amino acid residues were incorporated into the favored regions. The moldock score was 360.22 for DFP. Results of this study indicated that according toin silicoanalysis, all of these findings were effective in targeting DFPase.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45701051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.1
Aroloye O. Numbere
This study is based on bioaccumulation of total hydrocarbon (THC) and heavy metals in body parts of the West African red mangrove crab (G. pelii), which inhabit polluted mangrove forests. Thirty crabs were captured in October, 2018 and sorted into male and female. Their lengths and widths were measured, and body parts dismembered and oven-dried at 70 ͦ C for 48 hours. Physicochemical analysis for Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and THC was measured by spectrophotometric method using HACH DR 890 colorimeter (wavelength 420 nm) and microwave accelerated reaction system (MARS Xpress, North Carolina) respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in THC and heavy metals in the body parts of crabs. However, Zinc was highest in claw (993.4±91.3 mg/l) and body tissues (32.5±1.9 mg/l), Pb was highest in carapace (34.6±2.8 mg/l) and gill (151.9±21.6 mg/l) while THC was highest in intestine (39.5±2.9 mg/l) and gut (52.4±13.4 mg/l). The order of concentration is Zn>Pb>THC>Cd. Male crabs had slightly higher THC and heavy metal concentration than female crabs probably because of their large size. There is negative correlation between carapace area and THC concentration (R = -0.246), meaning THC decreases with increasing carapace size. Internal parts of crab had higher THC and heavy metal concentration than external parts. These results show that there is high bioaccumulation of THC and heavy metals in crab, which is above WHO/FAO standard. This implies that the crabs are unfit for human consumption. The smaller the crab the better it is for consumption in terms of bioaccumulation of pollutants.
本研究基于西非红树蟹(G. pelii)身体部位的总碳氢化合物(THC)和重金属的生物积累，这些螃蟹生活在受污染的红树林中。2018年10月，他们捕获了30只螃蟹，并将其分为雄性和雌性。测量它们的长度和宽度，并将身体部位肢解并在70ºC下烘干48小时。采用HACH DR 890比色仪(波长420 nm)和微波加速反应系统(MARS Xpress, North Carolina)分别对镉(Cd)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)和四氢大麻酚(THC)进行了理化分析。蟹体各部位四氢大麻酚和重金属含量差异不显著(P < 0.05)。锌在爪(993.4±91.3 mg/l)和体组织(32.5±1.9 mg/l)中含量最高，Pb在甲壳(34.6±2.8 mg/l)和鳃(151.9±21.6 mg/l)中含量最高，THC在肠(39.5±2.9 mg/l)和肠(52.4±13.4 mg/l)中含量最高。其浓度顺序为Zn>Pb>THC>Cd。雄蟹的THC和重金属浓度略高于雌蟹，这可能与雄蟹体型较大有关。甲壳面积与THC浓度呈负相关(R = -0.246)，即THC随甲壳尺寸的增大而减小。螃蟹内脏的四氢大麻酚和重金属浓度高于内脏。结果表明，螃蟹体内四氢大麻酚和重金属的生物积累量较高，均高于WHO/FAO标准。这意味着螃蟹不适合人类食用。就污染物的生物积累而言，螃蟹越小越适合食用。
{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Total Hydrocarbon and Heavy Metals in Body Parts of the West African Red Mangrove Crab (Goniopsis pelii) in the Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Aroloye O. Numbere","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study is based on bioaccumulation of total hydrocarbon (THC) and heavy metals in body parts of the West African red mangrove crab (G. pelii), which inhabit polluted mangrove forests. Thirty crabs were captured in October, 2018 and sorted into male and female. Their lengths and widths were measured, and body parts dismembered and oven-dried at 70 ͦ C for 48 hours. Physicochemical analysis for Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and THC was measured by spectrophotometric method using HACH DR 890 colorimeter (wavelength 420 nm) and microwave accelerated reaction system (MARS Xpress, North Carolina) respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in THC and heavy metals in the body parts of crabs. However, Zinc was highest in claw (993.4±91.3 mg/l) and body tissues (32.5±1.9 mg/l), Pb was highest in carapace (34.6±2.8 mg/l) and gill (151.9±21.6 mg/l) while THC was highest in intestine (39.5±2.9 mg/l) and gut (52.4±13.4 mg/l). The order of concentration is Zn>Pb>THC>Cd. Male crabs had slightly higher THC and heavy metal concentration than female crabs probably because of their large size. There is negative correlation between carapace area and THC concentration (R = -0.246), meaning THC decreases with increasing carapace size. Internal parts of crab had higher THC and heavy metal concentration than external parts. These results show that there is high bioaccumulation of THC and heavy metals in crab, which is above WHO/FAO standard. This implies that the crabs are unfit for human consumption. The smaller the crab the better it is for consumption in terms of bioaccumulation of pollutants.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45249905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.27
A. Hossain, Rajan Bhatt
I Intensively practices rice-wheat (R-W) cropping system (RWCS) in South-Asia is suffering from many sustainability issues such as micronutrient deficiencies, labour scarcity, production cost, declining land, declining groundwater level and water productivity along with declining soil health. Climate change further complex the things in one or other way. Therefore, the intervention of climate smart technologies are urgent for improving water productivity in an enormous water use RWCS of South-Asia. Although, farmers are confused regarding picking of suitable climate smart technology (CST) viz., laser land leveling, un-puddled direct-seeded rice (UPDSR), soil matric potential based irrigation, double zero tillage in wheat followed by rice, raised bed planting, short duration cultivars and correct transplantation time, for enhancing their livelihoods through increasing land and water productivity on one side and mitigating global warming consequences on other. Performance of these technologies is both site and situation specific, and care must be taken in practicing them. Most of them cutting down the drainage losses, which further reduces recharging of soil profile which is not required in water stressed regions while these might be termed as energy-saving technologies; otherwise used to withdraw water from the deeper soil depths. These CST are also useful for waterlogged regions. However, CST viz. correct transplantation time and short duration cultivars partition higher fraction of ET water (evapotranspiration) from E (evaporation) to T (transpiration) component which further favour higher grain yields and thus, higher water productivity. Therefore, it is crucial for the introduction of CST for improving agricultural and water productivity in the era of climate change in an enormous water use RWCS of South-Asia.
{"title":"Intervention of Climate Smart Technologies for Improving Water Productivity in an Enormous Water Use Rice-Wheat System of South-Asia","authors":"A. Hossain, Rajan Bhatt","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.75.27","url":null,"abstract":"I Intensively practices rice-wheat (R-W) cropping system (RWCS) in South-Asia is suffering from many sustainability issues such as micronutrient deficiencies, labour scarcity, production cost, declining land, declining groundwater level and water productivity along with declining soil health. Climate change further complex the things in one or other way. Therefore, the intervention of climate smart technologies are urgent for improving water productivity in an enormous water use RWCS of South-Asia. Although, farmers are confused regarding picking of suitable climate smart technology (CST) viz., laser land leveling, un-puddled direct-seeded rice (UPDSR), soil matric potential based irrigation, double zero tillage in wheat followed by rice, raised bed planting, short duration cultivars and correct transplantation time, for enhancing their livelihoods through increasing land and water productivity on one side and mitigating global warming consequences on other. Performance of these technologies is both site and situation specific, and care must be taken in practicing them. Most of them cutting down the drainage losses, which further reduces recharging of soil profile which is not required in water stressed regions while these might be termed as energy-saving technologies; otherwise used to withdraw water from the deeper soil depths. These CST are also useful for waterlogged regions. However, CST viz. correct transplantation time and short duration cultivars partition higher fraction of ET water (evapotranspiration) from E (evaporation) to T (transpiration) component which further favour higher grain yields and thus, higher water productivity. Therefore, it is crucial for the introduction of CST for improving agricultural and water productivity in the era of climate change in an enormous water use RWCS of South-Asia.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48589405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.18
A. Godwin, Ofuya Oborakpororo
The quality of the surface water (rivers) around Warri metropolis was evaluated using Water Quality Index (WQI) techniques. The study was carried out to assess the suitability of the water samples collected from different river bodies’ around Warri metropolis. The water quality index (WQI) was determined based on their various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolves solids, total suspended solids, sulphates, nitrates, phosphates, chlorides, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demanded. The water quality indexes values obtained varied greatly from 110.12 to 821.5. The result is quite high due to high turbidity (9mg/l – 119mg/l) and total suspended solid (10mg/l – 124mg/l). The presence of faecal coliform in the various water bodies is very alarming which ranges from 2 – 16 cfu against the stated standard of nil by most regulatory agencies and as such may pose detrimental health effect when consumed by individuals within those areas if not properly treated. This may be due to poor waste management practice along the rivers course. To avert this process, effective waste management and control along the water course should be encouraged.
{"title":"Surface Water Quality Assessment of Warri Metropolis Using Water Quality Index","authors":"A. Godwin, Ofuya Oborakpororo","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.18","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of the surface water (rivers) around Warri metropolis was evaluated using Water Quality Index (WQI) techniques. The study was carried out to assess the suitability of the water samples collected from different river bodies’ around Warri metropolis. The water quality index (WQI) was determined based on their various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolves solids, total suspended solids, sulphates, nitrates, phosphates, chlorides, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demanded. The water quality indexes values obtained varied greatly from 110.12 to 821.5. The result is quite high due to high turbidity (9mg/l – 119mg/l) and total suspended solid (10mg/l – 124mg/l). The presence of faecal coliform in the various water bodies is very alarming which ranges from 2 – 16 cfu against the stated standard of nil by most regulatory agencies and as such may pose detrimental health effect when consumed by individuals within those areas if not properly treated. This may be due to poor waste management practice along the rivers course. To avert this process, effective waste management and control along the water course should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49567262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.49
E. Gaidukova, V. Kovalenko
Some of the practical implications of the previously identified geographic patterns linking climate rate of surface temperature with the fractal dimension of a multi-year series of runoff, are presented. The statistical data, showing a role of coefficient of kurtosis at classification of distributions of density of probability in a range of air temperatures from –5 to 27 degrees Celsius are given. It is empirically established that statistical distributions of long-term average annual runoff series for the temperature zone with prevailing high values of the fractal dimension correspond to beta-distributions of type II and when plotted on the K. Pearson diagram this type is distinguished from probability density curves in other temperature zones by kurtosis (statistically significant). It is revealed that ignoring the coefficient of kurtosis means not taking into account the climatic component of natural resources. The results of the study can be used to assess the reliability of hydraulic structures and in the field of water management.
{"title":"Geographic Pattern as a Determinant Factor of Interlinking Climatic and Hydrological Components of the Natural Resources","authors":"E. Gaidukova, V. Kovalenko","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.49","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the practical implications of the previously identified geographic patterns linking climate rate of surface temperature with the fractal dimension of a multi-year series of runoff, are presented. The statistical data, showing a role of coefficient of kurtosis at classification of distributions of density of probability in a range of air temperatures from –5 to 27 degrees Celsius are given. It is empirically established that statistical distributions of long-term average annual runoff series for the temperature zone with prevailing high values of the fractal dimension correspond to beta-distributions of type II and when plotted on the K. Pearson diagram this type is distinguished from probability density curves in other temperature zones by kurtosis (statistically significant). It is revealed that ignoring the coefficient of kurtosis means not taking into account the climatic component of natural resources. The results of the study can be used to assess the reliability of hydraulic structures and in the field of water management.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45627604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.10
S. Atoui, Z. Djerrou, Abdelhak Boughrira, M. Kada
The bays of Skikda and Jijel present an ecosystem of great biological diversity and a significant economic interest (fishing and trading ports, industrial zones and tourism). They are threatened by the inputs of industrial effluents that are loaded with different substances, especially heavy metals. These pollutants have the distinction of being toxic and non-biodegradable, they accumulate in the different levels of the food chain which represents a danger for human health. The present work aimed to evaluate the impact of metal pollution in both bays via the study of the bioaccumulation of heavy metals namely, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in red mulletMullusbarbatusLinnaeus, 1758. Forty two (42) fish samples were obtained from 4 sites, 2 from bays of Skikda and 2 from bays of Jijel. After preparation, lyophilisation and mineralisation, samples were analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for detection of Cd and Pb concentrations in µg/g of dry weights. Lead has reached the values of 141.666±5.238 and 89±3.464 µg/g in Skikda sites and 20±1.527 and 10±0.577 µg/g in Jijel sites, while Cd has reached 0.76±0.023 and 0.3±0.011 µg/g in Skikda, with lowest values in Jijel 0.116±0.008 and 0.1±0.005 µg/g. The highest levels were recorded in the areas that are subject to anthropogenic pollution, namely the port areas and the oil industry (Skikda bays). While the low concentrations were found in less polluted areas like Jijel bays. The results obtained in this study are alarming and reflect significant level of pollution especially in the bays of Skikda. Preventive and remedial measures and awareness raising are needed.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Cadmium and Lead in the Muscle Tissue of Mullus barbatus in Skikda and Jijel Bays Eastern Algeria","authors":"S. Atoui, Z. Djerrou, Abdelhak Boughrira, M. Kada","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.10","url":null,"abstract":"The bays of Skikda and Jijel present an ecosystem of great biological diversity and a significant economic interest (fishing and trading ports, industrial zones and tourism). They are threatened by the inputs of industrial effluents that are loaded with different substances, especially heavy metals. These pollutants have the distinction of being toxic and non-biodegradable, they accumulate in the different levels of the food chain which represents a danger for human health. The present work aimed to evaluate the impact of metal pollution in both bays via the study of the bioaccumulation of heavy metals namely, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in red mulletMullusbarbatusLinnaeus, 1758. Forty two (42) fish samples were obtained from 4 sites, 2 from bays of Skikda and 2 from bays of Jijel. After preparation, lyophilisation and mineralisation, samples were analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for detection of Cd and Pb concentrations in µg/g of dry weights. Lead has reached the values of 141.666±5.238 and 89±3.464 µg/g in Skikda sites and 20±1.527 and 10±0.577 µg/g in Jijel sites, while Cd has reached 0.76±0.023 and 0.3±0.011 µg/g in Skikda, with lowest values in Jijel 0.116±0.008 and 0.1±0.005 µg/g. The highest levels were recorded in the areas that are subject to anthropogenic pollution, namely the port areas and the oil industry (Skikda bays). While the low concentrations were found in less polluted areas like Jijel bays. The results obtained in this study are alarming and reflect significant level of pollution especially in the bays of Skikda. Preventive and remedial measures and awareness raising are needed.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43786253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.26
B. Usharani
Constructed wetlands are ecofriendly, cost effective technology involved in treatment of wastewaters. The goal of this study is focused on characterization of microbial community existing in constructed wetland system planted withCyperusalternifoliustreating sewage contaminated with heavy metals. The characteristics of effluent met the standards of discharge for inland use and irrigation. Microbes in constructed wetland apparently play a pivotal role in the efficiency of system for removal of organics, nutrients, suspended solids and heavy metal. To expose the active players in the lime light, a representative soil sample from the reed bed was collected and characterized for microbial community analysis. Metagenomic studies of the bacterial and fungal flora were identified. Results revealed that the phylum Proteobacteria (38.27%) and Ascomycota (77.47%) dominated in the bacterial and fungal kingdom respectively. However, in the bacterial kingdom at species level major portion remain unclassified exceptPseudomonasalcaligenesbut in the fungal kingdom at species level only 3.1% remain unclassified. The role of bacteria in wastewater treatment is exemplified in previous reports but the role of fungi in wastewater system needs exploration. However, the findings reveal that the identified microbes might have definitely played a vital role in wastewater treatment. The database available for the identification of bacterial species remain undiscovered for a major portion and requires up gradation. Next generation sequence being a high end technology in microbial ecology decodes the entire community in environmental samples but lack of database limits the identification. Implementation of improvements in the paucity of data bases is essential.
{"title":"Metagenomics Study of the Microbes in Constructed Wetland System Treating Sewage","authors":"B. Usharani","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.26","url":null,"abstract":"Constructed wetlands are ecofriendly, cost effective technology involved in treatment of wastewaters. The goal of this study is focused on characterization of microbial community existing in constructed wetland system planted withCyperusalternifoliustreating sewage contaminated with heavy metals. The characteristics of effluent met the standards of discharge for inland use and irrigation. Microbes in constructed wetland apparently play a pivotal role in the efficiency of system for removal of organics, nutrients, suspended solids and heavy metal. To expose the active players in the lime light, a representative soil sample from the reed bed was collected and characterized for microbial community analysis. Metagenomic studies of the bacterial and fungal flora were identified. Results revealed that the phylum Proteobacteria (38.27%) and Ascomycota (77.47%) dominated in the bacterial and fungal kingdom respectively. However, in the bacterial kingdom at species level major portion remain unclassified exceptPseudomonasalcaligenesbut in the fungal kingdom at species level only 3.1% remain unclassified. The role of bacteria in wastewater treatment is exemplified in previous reports but the role of fungi in wastewater system needs exploration. However, the findings reveal that the identified microbes might have definitely played a vital role in wastewater treatment. The database available for the identification of bacterial species remain undiscovered for a major portion and requires up gradation. Next generation sequence being a high end technology in microbial ecology decodes the entire community in environmental samples but lack of database limits the identification. Implementation of improvements in the paucity of data bases is essential.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47499779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.1
J. Mathivanan, P. Jayaraman
The field experiment was conducted in split design with three replicates in Arunagirimangalam village, Thiruvanamalai District to study the effect of groundnut haulm compost of single and combined inoculation of FYM, different biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, Rhizobium) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, biochemical properties and yield of Arachis hypogeae L. The results of this experiment revealed that groundnut haulm with combined inoculation of biofertilizers significantly increased growth, photosynthetic pigments, biochemical and yield parameters of the test crop. Among various combinations, single inoculums of groundnut haulm performed better than control while groundnut haulm with combined inoculation of Rhizobium found better over single inoculation treatments. In general, it could be concluded that groundnut haulm compost and mixed with Rhizobium may be a good tool to improve the crop yield productivity and quantity and soil health.
{"title":"Enhancement of Growth and Yield of Arachis hypogeae L. Using Different Biofertilizers","authors":"J. Mathivanan, P. Jayaraman","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILNS.74.1","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted in split design with three replicates in Arunagirimangalam village, Thiruvanamalai District to study the effect of groundnut haulm compost of single and combined inoculation of FYM, different biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, Rhizobium) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, biochemical properties and yield of Arachis hypogeae L. The results of this experiment revealed that groundnut haulm with combined inoculation of biofertilizers significantly increased growth, photosynthetic pigments, biochemical and yield parameters of the test crop. Among various combinations, single inoculums of groundnut haulm performed better than control while groundnut haulm with combined inoculation of Rhizobium found better over single inoculation treatments. In general, it could be concluded that groundnut haulm compost and mixed with Rhizobium may be a good tool to improve the crop yield productivity and quantity and soil health.","PeriodicalId":14407,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Natural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67604000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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