Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2023.2222259
Zahra Salahshournejad, P. Saraeian, E. Shakouri
ABSTRACT This study explored the effect of multiple recycling on the dimensional stability of wood–plastic composite. For this purpose, the injection moulding parameters effective on dimensional stability were first optimized based on the response surface method. Optical scanning, melt flow index (MFI), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were used to analyse the shrinkage and deformation of recycled samples. The obtained results revealed that some recycled samples were subjected to thermal changes during the grinding and injection moulding process. The MFI and DSC results showed that the high-density polyethylene thermoplastic used in the wood–plastic composite was broken with long chains. Also, thermal changes occurred during the grinding and injection moulding process. The samples recycled three times had the highest dimensional instability (2.8% of shrinkage values). Finally, with the reduction of DSC, the semi-crystalline structure changed to amorphous, and the samples recycled four and five times had 2.7% and 2.5% shrinkage percentage, respectively.
{"title":"Impact of multiple recycling on the dimensional stability of wood–plastic composite made by the injection moulding process","authors":"Zahra Salahshournejad, P. Saraeian, E. Shakouri","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2023.2222259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2023.2222259","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explored the effect of multiple recycling on the dimensional stability of wood–plastic composite. For this purpose, the injection moulding parameters effective on dimensional stability were first optimized based on the response surface method. Optical scanning, melt flow index (MFI), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were used to analyse the shrinkage and deformation of recycled samples. The obtained results revealed that some recycled samples were subjected to thermal changes during the grinding and injection moulding process. The MFI and DSC results showed that the high-density polyethylene thermoplastic used in the wood–plastic composite was broken with long chains. Also, thermal changes occurred during the grinding and injection moulding process. The samples recycled three times had the highest dimensional instability (2.8% of shrinkage values). Finally, with the reduction of DSC, the semi-crystalline structure changed to amorphous, and the samples recycled four and five times had 2.7% and 2.5% shrinkage percentage, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"62 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44936055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2023.2171895
F. Frontini
ABSTRACT Værnes church is one of the oldest mediaeval stone churches with the original wooden roof in Norway. The roof is made of several crossed layers of wooden boards connected with a large number of wooden dowels and has stood for centuries, but there are visible deformations in the lower parts of the structure. In this work, finite element models of the roof are presented in an attempt to characterise the behaviour of the wooden connections in the diaphragm. Two main scenarios are discussed: a first scenario that takes into consideration only the frame with line loads, considering the wooden boards merely as loads and a second scenario where the wooden boards are considered collaborating planks that influence the behaviour of the structure. As result of the work, it is possible to state that the wooden planks provide a stiffening effect, distributing the load on the gable walls. .
{"title":"A novel approach for modelling a historic timber roof","authors":"F. Frontini","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2023.2171895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2023.2171895","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Værnes church is one of the oldest mediaeval stone churches with the original wooden roof in Norway. The roof is made of several crossed layers of wooden boards connected with a large number of wooden dowels and has stood for centuries, but there are visible deformations in the lower parts of the structure. In this work, finite element models of the roof are presented in an attempt to characterise the behaviour of the wooden connections in the diaphragm. Two main scenarios are discussed: a first scenario that takes into consideration only the frame with line loads, considering the wooden boards merely as loads and a second scenario where the wooden boards are considered collaborating planks that influence the behaviour of the structure. As result of the work, it is possible to state that the wooden planks provide a stiffening effect, distributing the load on the gable walls. .","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"21 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45881141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2023.2177092
Maria A Riggio, Morvarid Dilmaghani, C. A. Sanchez
ABSTRACT Structural health monitoring (SHM) can be used to support decision-making processes leading to improved building management plans. With advanced engineered wooden buildings on the rise, SHM has emerged as a critical tool to document behaviour of these structures. However, monitoring data need to be easily accessible and understandable to support informed decisions. This study explores the potential benefits of an intentionally designed data scaffolding to support interpretation of SHM data for timber structures. Results suggest that appropriate scaffolding (e.g. pinpointing critical parameter ranges) can enable lay users to better interpret monitoring data of timber structures. Results also suggest that, for more highly educated users, access to graphs linked to metadata can be beneficial. Overall, it appears that documentation related to the monitored phenomena and context, as well as more explicit reference to building performance requirements, could improve data-driven decision making for all knowledge levels for the building maintenance sector.
{"title":"Understanding structural health monitoring data to support decision-making processes and service life management of mass timber buildings. A preliminary study on use of data scaffolding","authors":"Maria A Riggio, Morvarid Dilmaghani, C. A. Sanchez","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2023.2177092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2023.2177092","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Structural health monitoring (SHM) can be used to support decision-making processes leading to improved building management plans. With advanced engineered wooden buildings on the rise, SHM has emerged as a critical tool to document behaviour of these structures. However, monitoring data need to be easily accessible and understandable to support informed decisions. This study explores the potential benefits of an intentionally designed data scaffolding to support interpretation of SHM data for timber structures. Results suggest that appropriate scaffolding (e.g. pinpointing critical parameter ranges) can enable lay users to better interpret monitoring data of timber structures. Results also suggest that, for more highly educated users, access to graphs linked to metadata can be beneficial. Overall, it appears that documentation related to the monitored phenomena and context, as well as more explicit reference to building performance requirements, could improve data-driven decision making for all knowledge levels for the building maintenance sector.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"42 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49380358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2023.2171934
Sabrina Puttmann, Bertil Burian, L. Müller, Marcus Müller
ABSTRACT Modified beech wood, treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), was examined regarding its adhesive properties. Therefore, beech wood was modified with various molecular weights and amounts of PEG. All variants of the PEG treatment lead to an improved dimensional stability of beech wood samples. Afterwards, three different kinds of adhesive systems were tested on the modified wood. The three adhesive systems were based on phenol-resorcin-formaldehyde (PRF), emulsion-polymer-isocyanate (EPI) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF). The adhesives were tested according to a delamination test between layers (DIN EN 16351 annex A) and a determination of the longitudinal tensile bonding strength (DIN EN 302-1 A1). The achieved results showed an effective wood modification with suitable bonding properties. The usage of PEG-modified beech in constructive applications such as cross-laminated-timber (CLT) seems to be possible.
摘要:研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)改性山毛榉木的粘接性能。因此，对山毛榉木进行了不同分子量和PEG用量的改性。聚乙二醇处理的所有变体都能改善山毛榉木材样品的尺寸稳定性。然后，在改性木材上测试了三种不同的胶粘剂体系。这三种胶粘剂体系分别为苯酚-间苯二酚-甲醛(PRF)、乳液-聚合物-异氰酸酯(EPI)和三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛(MUF)。根据层间分层试验(DIN EN 16351附录a)和纵向拉伸粘结强度测定(DIN EN 302-1 A1)对粘合剂进行测试。结果表明，该改性剂具有良好的粘接性能。聚乙二醇改性山毛榉的用途在建设性的应用，如交叉层压木材(CLT)似乎是可能的。
{"title":"Impact of different polyethylene glycol wood treatments on the adhesive properties of beech wood","authors":"Sabrina Puttmann, Bertil Burian, L. Müller, Marcus Müller","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2023.2171934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2023.2171934","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Modified beech wood, treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), was examined regarding its adhesive properties. Therefore, beech wood was modified with various molecular weights and amounts of PEG. All variants of the PEG treatment lead to an improved dimensional stability of beech wood samples. Afterwards, three different kinds of adhesive systems were tested on the modified wood. The three adhesive systems were based on phenol-resorcin-formaldehyde (PRF), emulsion-polymer-isocyanate (EPI) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF). The adhesives were tested according to a delamination test between layers (DIN EN 16351 annex A) and a determination of the longitudinal tensile bonding strength (DIN EN 302-1 A1). The achieved results showed an effective wood modification with suitable bonding properties. The usage of PEG-modified beech in constructive applications such as cross-laminated-timber (CLT) seems to be possible.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"34 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44452564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2022.2138908
Nisrina P. Hanifah, Resa Martha, I. Rahayu, W. Darmawan, B. George, P. Gérardin
ABSTRACT Chemical and thermal modification can change the hydrophilic properties of wood, and thus affect their coating performance. This study determined the surface characteristics of chemically and thermally modified short rotation teak wood. The characteristics studied were surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE), contact angle, wettability, and coating bonding quality. Results show that the surface of short rotation teak became smoother after chemical and thermal modifications; however, surface roughness increased after furfurylation. The total SFE of chemically and thermally modified teak wood decreased after treatment. The decrease in the total SFE caused the decrease in the constant contact angle change rate (K-value). The K-values for water-dispersed polyurethane and acrylic paints were nearly 0, which indicated their lower wettability. The paint bonding quality decreased after accelerated weathering. Short rotation teak with Glycerol-Maleic Anhydride (GMA)-thermal treatment can be considered for exterior applications with a proper selection of paint.
{"title":"Surface characterization and paint bonding quality on chemically and thermally modified short rotation teak wood","authors":"Nisrina P. Hanifah, Resa Martha, I. Rahayu, W. Darmawan, B. George, P. Gérardin","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2022.2138908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2138908","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chemical and thermal modification can change the hydrophilic properties of wood, and thus affect their coating performance. This study determined the surface characteristics of chemically and thermally modified short rotation teak wood. The characteristics studied were surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE), contact angle, wettability, and coating bonding quality. Results show that the surface of short rotation teak became smoother after chemical and thermal modifications; however, surface roughness increased after furfurylation. The total SFE of chemically and thermally modified teak wood decreased after treatment. The decrease in the total SFE caused the decrease in the constant contact angle change rate (K-value). The K-values for water-dispersed polyurethane and acrylic paints were nearly 0, which indicated their lower wettability. The paint bonding quality decreased after accelerated weathering. Short rotation teak with Glycerol-Maleic Anhydride (GMA)-thermal treatment can be considered for exterior applications with a proper selection of paint.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"13 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48552303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2022.2133469
Francesco Mirko Massaro, H. Stamatopoulos, Joacim Andersen, Eirik Brekke-Rasmussen
ABSTRACT Carpentry joints are very common in existing timber structures and they may gain attention for contemporary structures, due to their high degree of reversibility. Therefore, reliable Finite Element (FE) models for carpentry joints can contribute to assessing their capacity and provide a better insight into the parameters influencing their mechanical properties. This paper presents a FE study (using Abaqus) of timber halved-and-tabled scarf joints, together with experimental results. The FE-model considers fracture due to combined shear and tension perpendicular-to-grain by using cohesive zone modelling. Experimental tests on spruce solid timber specimens were performed to validate the model. The specimens were constructed by the use of a CNC-machine. For comparative purposes, two handmade specimens were tested, resulting in a lower load capacity. The FE results showed that initial gaps have a considerable effect on capacity. For certain assumed initial gaps, the FE-model could predict the capacity, however, it underestimated the deformation.
{"title":"Finite element modelling and experimental verification of timber halved and tabled scarf joints","authors":"Francesco Mirko Massaro, H. Stamatopoulos, Joacim Andersen, Eirik Brekke-Rasmussen","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2022.2133469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2133469","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Carpentry joints are very common in existing timber structures and they may gain attention for contemporary structures, due to their high degree of reversibility. Therefore, reliable Finite Element (FE) models for carpentry joints can contribute to assessing their capacity and provide a better insight into the parameters influencing their mechanical properties. This paper presents a FE study (using Abaqus) of timber halved-and-tabled scarf joints, together with experimental results. The FE-model considers fracture due to combined shear and tension perpendicular-to-grain by using cohesive zone modelling. Experimental tests on spruce solid timber specimens were performed to validate the model. The specimens were constructed by the use of a CNC-machine. For comparative purposes, two handmade specimens were tested, resulting in a lower load capacity. The FE results showed that initial gaps have a considerable effect on capacity. For certain assumed initial gaps, the FE-model could predict the capacity, however, it underestimated the deformation.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"3 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47108414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2022.2094115
Alisson Rodrigo Souza Reis, Matheus da Costa Gondim, Patrícia Soares Bilhalva dos Santos, Caroline Rodrigues Soares, Deivison Venicio Souza, P. Zanatta
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize and analyse the charcoal produced for domestic use in the municipality of Tucuruí, Pará, Brazil. To this end, 15 samples were strategically collected from 5 different locations, and the moisture, fixed carbon, volatile material, ash content, calorific value and relative density of the samples were analysed in the laboratory. The charcoal commercialized in the municipality had mean values of 10.8% moisture, 74.12% fixed carbon, 22.77% volatile material, 3.10% ash, an apparent density of 335 g/cm , and a calorific value of 30.15 kJ/kg. Although these values are broadly consistent with those presented in the literature for charcoal obtained from Amazonian species, the products are not recommended for the use for which they are produced. Factors such as packaging, storage and material heterogeneity should be routinely inspected during the charcoal manufacturing process and its subsequent commercialization.
{"title":"The quality of artisanal charcoal sold for domestic use in Tucuruí municipality in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Alisson Rodrigo Souza Reis, Matheus da Costa Gondim, Patrícia Soares Bilhalva dos Santos, Caroline Rodrigues Soares, Deivison Venicio Souza, P. Zanatta","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2022.2094115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2094115","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize and analyse the charcoal produced for domestic use in the municipality of Tucuruí, Pará, Brazil. To this end, 15 samples were strategically collected from 5 different locations, and the moisture, fixed carbon, volatile material, ash content, calorific value and relative density of the samples were analysed in the laboratory. The charcoal commercialized in the municipality had mean values of 10.8% moisture, 74.12% fixed carbon, 22.77% volatile material, 3.10% ash, an apparent density of 335 g/cm , and a calorific value of 30.15 kJ/kg. Although these values are broadly consistent with those presented in the literature for charcoal obtained from Amazonian species, the products are not recommended for the use for which they are produced. Factors such as packaging, storage and material heterogeneity should be routinely inspected during the charcoal manufacturing process and its subsequent commercialization.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"211 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45449272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2022.2117923
G. Roberts, C. Skinner, G. Ormondroyd
ABSTRACT This study assesses the environmental and social impacts of a modified softwood produced using radiata pine sourced from New Zealand or Chile. The LCA found that differing forestry and transport burdens associated with each location broadly cancelled each other out, giving overall product footprints that were very similar. Boiler gas and phenol-formaldehyde resin were the biggest emitters of GHG emissions, and normalization highlighted toxicity impacts as significant, largely due to the resin input. SLCA hotspots analyses suggest that the forestry sector in Chile has more potential social risks than the equivalent sector in New Zealand. However, each sector scored poorly in different social aspects making it difficult to recommend a sector without introducing subjective judgements. Combining LCA with SLCA is still novel, but this study found it added useful insights into a broader range of impacts associated with sustainable production, especially given the similarity of the environmental LCA results taken alone.
{"title":"The environmental and social impacts of modified wood production: effect of timber sourcing","authors":"G. Roberts, C. Skinner, G. Ormondroyd","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2022.2117923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2117923","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study assesses the environmental and social impacts of a modified softwood produced using radiata pine sourced from New Zealand or Chile. The LCA found that differing forestry and transport burdens associated with each location broadly cancelled each other out, giving overall product footprints that were very similar. Boiler gas and phenol-formaldehyde resin were the biggest emitters of GHG emissions, and normalization highlighted toxicity impacts as significant, largely due to the resin input. SLCA hotspots analyses suggest that the forestry sector in Chile has more potential social risks than the equivalent sector in New Zealand. However, each sector scored poorly in different social aspects making it difficult to recommend a sector without introducing subjective judgements. Combining LCA with SLCA is still novel, but this study found it added useful insights into a broader range of impacts associated with sustainable production, especially given the similarity of the environmental LCA results taken alone.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"236 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42762283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2022.2118652
Oussama Chauiyakh, A. Et-tahir, Kamal Kettani, A. Cherrat, Atika Benayad, A. Chaouch
ABSTRACT This article presents a literature review on the chemical composition, antimicrobial activities of cedar oils, and the main diseases this tree is subjected to. The studies included in this review have drawn upon several databases including Scopus, Springer, ScienceDirect, Web of sciences. The keywords used in data collection were C. atlantica M, C. libani L, C. deodara L, C. brevifolia H, Red ring rot (M'jej), Cubic brown rot (Saboune). Genus Cedrus is rich in bioactive molecules such as himachalenes, atlantones and generally terpenes. These molecules have an important medicinal and cosmetic properties maintained by the inhibition and destruction of many bacteria and fungi, along with other several biological activities. Cedar suffers from pests and fungal attacks, which cause two types of fungal decay: the first one is brown cubic rot caused by Fomitopsis pinicola or Ungulina officinalis, and the red ring rot caused by Trametes pini or Phellinus chrysoloma.
摘要本文对雪松油的化学成分、抗菌活性以及雪松树所遭受的主要疾病进行了文献综述。本综述中的研究引用了Scopus、Springer、ScienceDirect、Web of sciences等多个数据库。数据收集中使用的关键词为C.atlantica M、C.libani L、C.deodara L、C.brevifolia H、红环腐病（M'jej）、立方褐腐病（Saboune）。Cedrus属富含生物活性分子，如喜玛沙烯、atlantones和一般的萜烯。这些分子具有重要的药用和美容特性，通过抑制和破坏许多细菌和真菌以及其他几种生物活性来维持。雪松受到害虫和真菌的侵袭，导致两种类型的真菌腐烂：第一种是由小有丝酵母或Ungulina officinalis引起的棕色立方腐烂，以及由小Trametes pini或Phellinus chrysoloma引起的红环腐烂。
{"title":"Review on health status, chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the four species of the genus Cedrus","authors":"Oussama Chauiyakh, A. Et-tahir, Kamal Kettani, A. Cherrat, Atika Benayad, A. Chaouch","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2022.2118652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2118652","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents a literature review on the chemical composition, antimicrobial activities of cedar oils, and the main diseases this tree is subjected to. The studies included in this review have drawn upon several databases including Scopus, Springer, ScienceDirect, Web of sciences. The keywords used in data collection were C. atlantica M, C. libani L, C. deodara L, C. brevifolia H, Red ring rot (M'jej), Cubic brown rot (Saboune). Genus Cedrus is rich in bioactive molecules such as himachalenes, atlantones and generally terpenes. These molecules have an important medicinal and cosmetic properties maintained by the inhibition and destruction of many bacteria and fungi, along with other several biological activities. Cedar suffers from pests and fungal attacks, which cause two types of fungal decay: the first one is brown cubic rot caused by Fomitopsis pinicola or Ungulina officinalis, and the red ring rot caused by Trametes pini or Phellinus chrysoloma.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"272 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42617057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2022.2117924
Bruna de Araújo Braga, S. Iwakiri, R. Trianoski, Renan Zunta Raia
ABSTRACT The potential of Attalea maripa and Attalea speciosa was evaluated for the production of edge-glued panels. The chemical and physical properties and the quality of the bonding of the species and mixed treatment between them, under different conditions, were evaluated. The length bonding was performed with polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive and the side with PVA and emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI) in two spreading rates. The species A. maripa has a lower content of extractives in cold and hot water, total extractives, ash and pH, and higher density compared to A. speciosa. The tangential, radial and volumetric shrinkage and shrinkage anisotropy of the species were statistically equal. On the length bonding, only in the tensile test after drying pre-treatment were the requirements of the technical standards not met. As regards side bonding, the treatments of A. maripa and mixed joints with EPI reached the standard for the pre-treatment in cold water.
{"title":"Evaluation of the potential use of Amazonian palm species for the production of edge-glued panels","authors":"Bruna de Araújo Braga, S. Iwakiri, R. Trianoski, Renan Zunta Raia","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2022.2117924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2117924","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The potential of Attalea maripa and Attalea speciosa was evaluated for the production of edge-glued panels. The chemical and physical properties and the quality of the bonding of the species and mixed treatment between them, under different conditions, were evaluated. The length bonding was performed with polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive and the side with PVA and emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI) in two spreading rates. The species A. maripa has a lower content of extractives in cold and hot water, total extractives, ash and pH, and higher density compared to A. speciosa. The tangential, radial and volumetric shrinkage and shrinkage anisotropy of the species were statistically equal. On the length bonding, only in the tensile test after drying pre-treatment were the requirements of the technical standards not met. As regards side bonding, the treatments of A. maripa and mixed joints with EPI reached the standard for the pre-treatment in cold water.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"255 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48104948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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