Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.2019175
Aiman Hakim Supee, M. Zaini
ABSTRACT Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants that exist on earth and can be found in many countries. Its application generally ranges across both the engineering and non-engineering sectors. Traditionally, bamboo is mainly used in the construction field, but recent trends and studies have also shown its potential in the water treatment industry as a low-cost adsorbent. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the recent studies on bamboo residue as a potential precursor for activated carbon as well as its performance in treating water pollutants. Apart from that, the current limitations, and suggestions on the further development of bamboo activated carbon, are also integrated to provide insight on its potential usage in the industrial process.
{"title":"Bamboo residue as a potential activated carbon for removal of water pollutants: a commentary","authors":"Aiman Hakim Supee, M. Zaini","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.2019175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2019175","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants that exist on earth and can be found in many countries. Its application generally ranges across both the engineering and non-engineering sectors. Traditionally, bamboo is mainly used in the construction field, but recent trends and studies have also shown its potential in the water treatment industry as a low-cost adsorbent. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the recent studies on bamboo residue as a potential precursor for activated carbon as well as its performance in treating water pollutants. Apart from that, the current limitations, and suggestions on the further development of bamboo activated carbon, are also integrated to provide insight on its potential usage in the industrial process.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"83 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49045120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.2018101
A. Alade, Z. Naghizadeh, C. B. Wessels, Hannes Stolze, H. Militz
ABSTRACT The fundamental factors responsible for the complexities in adhesive bonding of preservative-treated wood are predominantly wood species, preservative composition, and adhesive system. It is post-effect of these factors that process variables such as assembly times and bonding pressure exert secondary influences on adhesive-bond development in preservative-treated laminates. Hence, this study investigated the effect of copper azole (CA) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) impregnations on E. grandis heartwood (HW) and sapwood (SW) bonding with melamine–urea–formaldehyde and polyurethane adhesives. Based on the adhesives and bonding conditions investigated, the CA and DOT-treated E. grandis laminates do not satisfy at least one of the shear strength and delamination requirements according to EN 14080:2013. Contrary to delamination, shear strength was significantly affected by the HW–SW difference. This study established the basis for further considerations on adapting bonding conditions for improved adhesive-bond performance in CA and DOT-treated E. grandis laminates towards manufacturing durable hardwood composite for tropical and subtropical environments.
{"title":"Compatibility of preservative with adhesive in Eucalyptus grandis laminates","authors":"A. Alade, Z. Naghizadeh, C. B. Wessels, Hannes Stolze, H. Militz","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.2018101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2018101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The fundamental factors responsible for the complexities in adhesive bonding of preservative-treated wood are predominantly wood species, preservative composition, and adhesive system. It is post-effect of these factors that process variables such as assembly times and bonding pressure exert secondary influences on adhesive-bond development in preservative-treated laminates. Hence, this study investigated the effect of copper azole (CA) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) impregnations on E. grandis heartwood (HW) and sapwood (SW) bonding with melamine–urea–formaldehyde and polyurethane adhesives. Based on the adhesives and bonding conditions investigated, the CA and DOT-treated E. grandis laminates do not satisfy at least one of the shear strength and delamination requirements according to EN 14080:2013. Contrary to delamination, shear strength was significantly affected by the HW–SW difference. This study established the basis for further considerations on adapting bonding conditions for improved adhesive-bond performance in CA and DOT-treated E. grandis laminates towards manufacturing durable hardwood composite for tropical and subtropical environments.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"57 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47098838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-19DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.2014026
C. Antwi-Boasiako, A. O. Ansah, M. Glalah
ABSTRACT Wood-residues and plastic wastes are environmental pollutants. The success of engineered Wood–Plastic Composites (WPCs) as structural materials depends on their properties. The physico-mechanical properties of WPCs from Triplochiton scleroxylon sawdust and post-consumer polyethylene water sachet were assessed. The components (Composite A = 10:90% wood–plastic, B = 25:75% and C = 50:50% by weight) were extruded and moulded into standard dimensions for physical (i.e. water absorption and hardness) and mechanical (i.e. tensile and impact strength) tests. Composite A absorbed the least water (0.02 ± 0.01%) and recorded the greatest hardness (51.40 ± 0.01 N mm−2) compared with Composite C (0.08 ± 0.01% and 40.30 ± 0.04 N mm−2 respectively). Tensile strength ranged from 30.64 ± 0.12 N mm−2 (Composite C) to 34.78 ± 0.09 N mm−2 (Composite B), and the impact from 0.50 ± 0.01 J (Composite C) to 0.90 ± 0.01 J (Composite A). The engineering and utilisation of wood-residue and plastic waste into composites would ease timber over-exploitation and minimise environmental pollution threats, contribute to ease timber over-exploitation and minimise environmental pollution threats.
木渣和塑料废弃物是环境污染物。工程木塑复合材料(WPCs)作为结构材料的成功取决于其性能。研究了三龙鱼木屑和聚乙烯水包复合材料的物理力学性能。组件(复合材料A = 10:90%木塑，B = 25:75%和C = 50:50%重量)被挤压和模压成标准尺寸进行物理(即吸水性和硬度)和机械(即拉伸和冲击强度)测试。与复合材料C(分别为0.08±0.01%和40.30±0.04 N mm−2)相比，复合材料A的吸水率最低(0.02±0.01%)，硬度最高(51.40±0.01 N mm−2)。复合材料的抗拉强度范围为30.64±0.12 N mm−2(复合材料C)至34.78±0.09 N mm−2(复合材料B)，影响范围为0.50±0.01 J(复合材料C)至0.90±0.01 J(复合材料A)。木渣和塑料废弃物的工程利用将缓解木材过度开发和减少环境污染威胁，有助于缓解木材过度开发和减少环境污染威胁。
{"title":"Physico-mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites from Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum wood-residue and post-consumer polyethylene waste as construction materials","authors":"C. Antwi-Boasiako, A. O. Ansah, M. Glalah","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.2014026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2014026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wood-residues and plastic wastes are environmental pollutants. The success of engineered Wood–Plastic Composites (WPCs) as structural materials depends on their properties. The physico-mechanical properties of WPCs from Triplochiton scleroxylon sawdust and post-consumer polyethylene water sachet were assessed. The components (Composite A = 10:90% wood–plastic, B = 25:75% and C = 50:50% by weight) were extruded and moulded into standard dimensions for physical (i.e. water absorption and hardness) and mechanical (i.e. tensile and impact strength) tests. Composite A absorbed the least water (0.02 ± 0.01%) and recorded the greatest hardness (51.40 ± 0.01 N mm−2) compared with Composite C (0.08 ± 0.01% and 40.30 ± 0.04 N mm−2 respectively). Tensile strength ranged from 30.64 ± 0.12 N mm−2 (Composite C) to 34.78 ± 0.09 N mm−2 (Composite B), and the impact from 0.50 ± 0.01 J (Composite C) to 0.90 ± 0.01 J (Composite A). The engineering and utilisation of wood-residue and plastic waste into composites would ease timber over-exploitation and minimise environmental pollution threats, contribute to ease timber over-exploitation and minimise environmental pollution threats.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"50 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48341969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.2011552
Pundalik Mali, N. Sonawane, V. Patil, Gunawant P. Lokhande, R. Mawale, Nilesh Pawar
ABSTRACT Flame retardants mitigate the threat of fire from inherently flammable wood and wood products responsible for sustaining a high standard of living. Wood is one of the aesthetically pleasing, highly sustainable as well as eco-friendly materials. It is not only an integral part of structures, but also the main source of home appliances, furniture, industrial applications, and offices all over the world. The coating provides protection to wood materials against outdoor weathering, photochemical degradation, and fire. Therefore, to minimize the degradation of wood for the increasing long life and survival ability, various coatings were synthesized and applied to enhance their performance for the wood application. This review provides a historical overview that leads to the structural properties of wood and the most promising surface treatments that will help pave the way for developing more effective and non-intrusive flame retardants in the future.
{"title":"Morphology of wood degradation and flame retardants wood coating technology: an overview","authors":"Pundalik Mali, N. Sonawane, V. Patil, Gunawant P. Lokhande, R. Mawale, Nilesh Pawar","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.2011552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2011552","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Flame retardants mitigate the threat of fire from inherently flammable wood and wood products responsible for sustaining a high standard of living. Wood is one of the aesthetically pleasing, highly sustainable as well as eco-friendly materials. It is not only an integral part of structures, but also the main source of home appliances, furniture, industrial applications, and offices all over the world. The coating provides protection to wood materials against outdoor weathering, photochemical degradation, and fire. Therefore, to minimize the degradation of wood for the increasing long life and survival ability, various coatings were synthesized and applied to enhance their performance for the wood application. This review provides a historical overview that leads to the structural properties of wood and the most promising surface treatments that will help pave the way for developing more effective and non-intrusive flame retardants in the future.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"21 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45162174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.1998301
J. Martínez A., N. Jaramillo, Catalina Álvarez-López, Álvaro Vásquez, German C. Quintana
ABSTRACT The effect of adding different lignins on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made with stems of hydrangea and pine using the urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin was evaluated. Four types of lignin were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Klason lignin: Cane Bagasse lignin, Pine China lignin, Kraft Brazil lignin, and ammonium lignosulfonate (LSA). Particleboards were prepared with four types of lignin in a 1:1 (w/w) UF/lignin ratio and compared with those prepared with the UF resin without lignin (control sample). Water absorption, thickness swelling, rupture modulus, and modulus of elasticity were measured. The type of lignin used does not have a statistically significant difference in the physical and mechanical properties and also a decrease in the physical properties of the particleboards compared with the control sample. The use of LSA in the 3:1 (w/w) UF/lignin ratio allows to elaborate particleboards with mechanical properties like those found in the control sample.
{"title":"Effect of the addition of lignin on the physical-mechanical properties of particleboards made with pine/hydrangea stems","authors":"J. Martínez A., N. Jaramillo, Catalina Álvarez-López, Álvaro Vásquez, German C. Quintana","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1998301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1998301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effect of adding different lignins on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made with stems of hydrangea and pine using the urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin was evaluated. Four types of lignin were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Klason lignin: Cane Bagasse lignin, Pine China lignin, Kraft Brazil lignin, and ammonium lignosulfonate (LSA). Particleboards were prepared with four types of lignin in a 1:1 (w/w) UF/lignin ratio and compared with those prepared with the UF resin without lignin (control sample). Water absorption, thickness swelling, rupture modulus, and modulus of elasticity were measured. The type of lignin used does not have a statistically significant difference in the physical and mechanical properties and also a decrease in the physical properties of the particleboards compared with the control sample. The use of LSA in the 3:1 (w/w) UF/lignin ratio allows to elaborate particleboards with mechanical properties like those found in the control sample.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"15 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46544084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.1983690
Ahmed Mohamed, K. Uheida, Y. Quan, Hexin Zhang
ABSTRACT The photogrammetric approach was proposed in this study to evaluate torsional behaviour of glulam timber beams during the torsion test. The main objectives were to investigate the applicability of the photogrammetric approach and to monitor more details of angles of twist of glulam timber beams. Experiments were conducted and the twists on long and short sides of the cross section were measured using the photogrammetric approach and inclinometer sensors, which were used to validate the accuracy. The test results showed that the optical system allowed monitoring the rotations of the samples at different locations which would not be possible to obtain using the traditional techniques. The results also showed that there is a non-linearity from the measurement of the shear displacements along the long side of the cross-section. However, the average rotation shows clear agreements with the inclinometer readings.
{"title":"Verification of the photogrammetric approach on the torsion test method for timber beams","authors":"Ahmed Mohamed, K. Uheida, Y. Quan, Hexin Zhang","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1983690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1983690","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The photogrammetric approach was proposed in this study to evaluate torsional behaviour of glulam timber beams during the torsion test. The main objectives were to investigate the applicability of the photogrammetric approach and to monitor more details of angles of twist of glulam timber beams. Experiments were conducted and the twists on long and short sides of the cross section were measured using the photogrammetric approach and inclinometer sensors, which were used to validate the accuracy. The test results showed that the optical system allowed monitoring the rotations of the samples at different locations which would not be possible to obtain using the traditional techniques. The results also showed that there is a non-linearity from the measurement of the shear displacements along the long side of the cross-section. However, the average rotation shows clear agreements with the inclinometer readings.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"3 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41904159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.1979823
Juanito P. Jimenez, Jr, D. Gilbero, M. Alipon
ABSTRACT Young (3-, 5- and 7-year-old) yemane (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) trees from an industrial tree plantation in Mindanao, Philippines, were studied for their suitability into veneer and plywood production. For each tree, a 4.5-meter log was cut into three 1.5-meter billets for peeling into 0.85-, 2.20- and 2.80-mm veneer thicknesses using a spindleless lathe. Veneer quality was evaluated based on thickness, frequency and depth of lathe checks on the samples. Ten replicates of 3-ply 4.5 mm plywood bonded with phenol formaldehyde were made per age level to determine conformance to standard. Results showed that veneer thickness was higher than the target by 3–22%. Mean frequency of lathe checks ranged from 1 to 10 per 25 mm veneer length, while mean depth ranged from 15 to 60%. The bond strength quality test showed that despite young age, yemane plywood passed the requirement of the PNS ISO 12466-2:2016.
摘要:研究了菲律宾棉兰老岛一个工业人工林的幼树(3、5和7岁)叶曼(Gmelina arborea Roxb.)用于单板和胶合板生产的适用性。对于每棵树，使用无主轴车床将4.5米长的原木切割成三个1.5米的坯料，剥落成0.85、2.20和2.80毫米厚度的单板。通过对样品进行车床检查的厚度、频率和深度来评价单板质量。采用酚醛粘接的3层4.5 mm胶合板按年龄级重复10次，以确定其是否符合标准。结果表明，单板厚度比目标值高出3-22%。车床检查的平均频率为每25毫米单板长度1至10次，而平均深度为15%至60%。胶合板粘结强度质量测试结果表明，尽管时间较短，但通过了PNS ISO 12466-2:2016的要求。
{"title":"Veneer and plywood properties of yemane (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) from 3-, 5-, and 7-year-old plantation trees","authors":"Juanito P. Jimenez, Jr, D. Gilbero, M. Alipon","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1979823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1979823","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Young (3-, 5- and 7-year-old) yemane (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) trees from an industrial tree plantation in Mindanao, Philippines, were studied for their suitability into veneer and plywood production. For each tree, a 4.5-meter log was cut into three 1.5-meter billets for peeling into 0.85-, 2.20- and 2.80-mm veneer thicknesses using a spindleless lathe. Veneer quality was evaluated based on thickness, frequency and depth of lathe checks on the samples. Ten replicates of 3-ply 4.5 mm plywood bonded with phenol formaldehyde were made per age level to determine conformance to standard. Results showed that veneer thickness was higher than the target by 3–22%. Mean frequency of lathe checks ranged from 1 to 10 per 25 mm veneer length, while mean depth ranged from 15 to 60%. The bond strength quality test showed that despite young age, yemane plywood passed the requirement of the PNS ISO 12466-2:2016.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"277 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44237129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.1977519
Victor Hellmeister, G. Barbirato, Wanley Eduardo Lopes Junior, V. Santos, J. Fiorelli
ABSTRACT This research presents an advanced characterization of Balsa wood waste to evaluate its potential use as raw material for Oriented Strand Board (OSB) panel. For that, chemical, thermal and microstructural characterization of the Balsa wood particles were performed followed by the production and characterization of OSB agglomerated with castor oil polyurethane resin (Pu-Castor oil). The results indicated that the lignin content of the Balsa wood waste was lower than the content found in Pinus spp. wood, used in the industrial production of OSB panels, demonstrating the need for higher resin contents to ensure a perfect agglomeration of the particles. Microstructural analysis indicated that the Balsa wood presented characteristics to be used as a constituent raw material of OSB with Pu-Castor oil. The physical-mechanical characterization indicated that the material can be classified as OSB type 1 in accordance with the EN 300:2006 guidelines and is suitable for application in internal environments.
{"title":"Evaluation of Balsa wood (Ochroma pyramidale) waste and OSB panels with castor oil polyurethane resin","authors":"Victor Hellmeister, G. Barbirato, Wanley Eduardo Lopes Junior, V. Santos, J. Fiorelli","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1977519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1977519","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research presents an advanced characterization of Balsa wood waste to evaluate its potential use as raw material for Oriented Strand Board (OSB) panel. For that, chemical, thermal and microstructural characterization of the Balsa wood particles were performed followed by the production and characterization of OSB agglomerated with castor oil polyurethane resin (Pu-Castor oil). The results indicated that the lignin content of the Balsa wood waste was lower than the content found in Pinus spp. wood, used in the industrial production of OSB panels, demonstrating the need for higher resin contents to ensure a perfect agglomeration of the particles. Microstructural analysis indicated that the Balsa wood presented characteristics to be used as a constituent raw material of OSB with Pu-Castor oil. The physical-mechanical characterization indicated that the material can be classified as OSB type 1 in accordance with the EN 300:2006 guidelines and is suitable for application in internal environments.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"267 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44829882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.1969166
G. Fink, Phillipp Stadelmann, A. Frangi
ABSTRACT This paper presents large-scale bending test, up to 19 m length, on glued laminated timber (GLT) beams with well-known beam setup and a model to predict the tensile strength of finger joint connections (FJ). Machine graded timber boards, with information about the dynamic stiffness and local knottiness were used to fabricate 12 GLT beams. The position of the timber boards were tracked throughout the GLT fabrication. To quantify the quality of the FJ additional FJ were fabricated and tested in tension. Based on the results, a model to predict their strength properties based on the grading information of the involved timber boards was developed using maximum likelihood estimation for censored data.
{"title":"Bending test on large-scale GLT beams with well-known beam setup using machine grading indicator","authors":"G. Fink, Phillipp Stadelmann, A. Frangi","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1969166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1969166","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents large-scale bending test, up to 19 m length, on glued laminated timber (GLT) beams with well-known beam setup and a model to predict the tensile strength of finger joint connections (FJ). Machine graded timber boards, with information about the dynamic stiffness and local knottiness were used to fabricate 12 GLT beams. The position of the timber boards were tracked throughout the GLT fabrication. To quantify the quality of the FJ additional FJ were fabricated and tested in tension. Based on the results, a model to predict their strength properties based on the grading information of the involved timber boards was developed using maximum likelihood estimation for censored data.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"258 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47113858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.1967624
E.F. Morten Komdeur, Paul T. M. Ingenbleek
ABSTRACT Blockchain technology, best known as the decentralised transactional ledger of Internet currencies such as Bitcoin, could provide possibilities for tracking the origin of timber products. As such, it could ease the complex job of timber procurement officers in companies that seek to purchase timber products from trustworthy origins. This study explores how trust among purchasers in suppliers of sustainable timber can be increased and the roles that blockchain technology could play as a factor influencing purchasing decisions. The study examines the attributes influencing purchaser trust in timber products, revealing that the country of origin is the strongest predictor of purchaser trust, followed by the price level for the timber product, the presence of a certification scheme, and the duration of the relationship with the supplier. Blockchain technology also had a significant effect on purchaser trust and could become an important factor for generating trust in timber products during international trade.
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