Pub Date : 2022-02-08DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2022.2036932
Murzabyek Sarkhad, F. Ishiguri, I. Nezu, Bayasaa Tumenjargal, Yusuke Takahashi, Bayartsetseg Baasan, Ganbaatar Chultem, J. Ohshima, S. Yokota
ABSTRACT Log characteristics and basic density were evaluated in four common Mongolian softwoods, Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Picea obovata Ledeb., and Larix sibirica Ledeb. by developing the linear or nonlinear mixed-effects models for longitudinal and radial variations of measured characteristics. Total of 19 trees from four species were used in this study. Log taper and juvenile wood percentage increased from base to treetop in all species, except for log taper in Pinus sylvestris. Dynamic young’s modulus of logs decreased from base to treetop, and the mean values were 7.81, 5.74, 7.12, and 8.78 GPa for Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, and Larix sibirica, respectively. Basic density increased (Pinus sylvestris and Larix sibirica) or decreased (Pinus sibirica and Picea obovata) and then became stable values. The estimated whole tree values of basic density in juvenile wood significantly differed from those in mature wood for all species.
{"title":"Log characteristics and basic density of four common Mongolian softwoods","authors":"Murzabyek Sarkhad, F. Ishiguri, I. Nezu, Bayasaa Tumenjargal, Yusuke Takahashi, Bayartsetseg Baasan, Ganbaatar Chultem, J. Ohshima, S. Yokota","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2022.2036932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2036932","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Log characteristics and basic density were evaluated in four common Mongolian softwoods, Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Picea obovata Ledeb., and Larix sibirica Ledeb. by developing the linear or nonlinear mixed-effects models for longitudinal and radial variations of measured characteristics. Total of 19 trees from four species were used in this study. Log taper and juvenile wood percentage increased from base to treetop in all species, except for log taper in Pinus sylvestris. Dynamic young’s modulus of logs decreased from base to treetop, and the mean values were 7.81, 5.74, 7.12, and 8.78 GPa for Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, and Larix sibirica, respectively. Basic density increased (Pinus sylvestris and Larix sibirica) or decreased (Pinus sibirica and Picea obovata) and then became stable values. The estimated whole tree values of basic density in juvenile wood significantly differed from those in mature wood for all species.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44923160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.2018100
Wei-long Chen, F. Chao
ABSTRACT High-speed wood sawing results in an uneven surface were evaluated. Machine structure was redesigned to reduce noise and unevenness of such sawing. A crawler track is driven by an auxiliary wheel. The roller seat on top of the board saw stabilises chain pieces. Investigations revealed some influencing mechanical factors, including static deformation, resonance excitation, and rigid body collision. A complete chain feed model was constructed to analyse related acoustic noise. Quantitative analysis enabled a successful redesign of chain feed elements. Chain feed simulation enabled the reduction of conflicting factors and revealed the optimal shape for chain links. The structural deformation of die casting indicated the possibility of variation in the chain shape. The flatness of the chain surface was reduced, and noise generated during the collision of links was minimised. Simplified modelling enabled identification of problems in the multi-blade system.
{"title":"Vibration-dependent cutting marks and redesign of crawler track of a multiblade saw","authors":"Wei-long Chen, F. Chao","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.2018100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2018100","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT High-speed wood sawing results in an uneven surface were evaluated. Machine structure was redesigned to reduce noise and unevenness of such sawing. A crawler track is driven by an auxiliary wheel. The roller seat on top of the board saw stabilises chain pieces. Investigations revealed some influencing mechanical factors, including static deformation, resonance excitation, and rigid body collision. A complete chain feed model was constructed to analyse related acoustic noise. Quantitative analysis enabled a successful redesign of chain feed elements. Chain feed simulation enabled the reduction of conflicting factors and revealed the optimal shape for chain links. The structural deformation of die casting indicated the possibility of variation in the chain shape. The flatness of the chain surface was reduced, and noise generated during the collision of links was minimised. Simplified modelling enabled identification of problems in the multi-blade system.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44953631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2022.2025650
Gilbert L Michaud, J. Riley, G. J. Jolley, D. Belleville
ABSTRACT In this study, we conducted a survey to quantify and assess the generation of wood waste by Ohio’s wood industry cluster. We find that large amounts of wood waste are produced in the state, and that limited markets exist for their use. These findings suggest a potential need for cooperative structures to manage and find markets for sawmills, as well as the need for a recycling facility to handle this material that is otherwise landfilled.
{"title":"Industry survey of wood waste markets in Ohio","authors":"Gilbert L Michaud, J. Riley, G. J. Jolley, D. Belleville","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2022.2025650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2025650","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we conducted a survey to quantify and assess the generation of wood waste by Ohio’s wood industry cluster. We find that large amounts of wood waste are produced in the state, and that limited markets exist for their use. These findings suggest a potential need for cooperative structures to manage and find markets for sawmills, as well as the need for a recycling facility to handle this material that is otherwise landfilled.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48360392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2022.2027686
G. Sawyer
Impact of Crumb Rubber Reinforcement on the Properties of Wood–Plastic Composites Crumb rubber from motor tyres can be usedto reduce the environmental effect of tyre disposal. Libin Babu at North Park University, Chicago, USA, has investigated the potential for using this material in the manufacture of wood plastic composites. The paper considers mechanical properties as well as heat release during combustion and CO2 release. Libin Babu lkbabu@northpark.edu
{"title":"Copy for In this issue for 12.04 issue","authors":"G. Sawyer","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2022.2027686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2027686","url":null,"abstract":"Impact of Crumb Rubber Reinforcement on the Properties of Wood–Plastic Composites Crumb rubber from motor tyres can be usedto reduce the environmental effect of tyre disposal. Libin Babu at North Park University, Chicago, USA, has investigated the potential for using this material in the manufacture of wood plastic composites. The paper considers mechanical properties as well as heat release during combustion and CO2 release. Libin Babu lkbabu@northpark.edu","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42863580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-26DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.2011553
Kunal Mishra, L. K. Babu, Ruiqing Shen, Qingsheng Wang, Raman P. Singh
ABSTRACT The use of crumb rubber is one form of recycling scrap tires that can aid in addressing the environmental concerns of tire disposal. In the present investigation, reinforced wood–plastic composites (WPCs) were manufactured incorporating crumb rubber. The bulk density of crumb rubber-reinforced WPC was found to be 19% higher than the baseline materials. This indicated that crumb rubber assisted in the consolidation process. Both baseline and crumb rubber-reinforced WPC materials were mechanically characterized according to ASTM D 1037. Compression modulus of crumb rubber-reinforced WPC showed an increase of 200% as compared to baseline WPC. Cone calorimetry demonstrated that the peak heat release rate, the maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE), effective heat of combustion, and fuel load of crumb rubber-reinforced WPC were lower than the baseline WPC. Nonetheless, it was observed that the amount of CO and CO2 produced were more in the case of crumb rubber-reinforced WPC.
橡胶屑的使用是回收废旧轮胎的一种形式，可以帮助解决轮胎处置的环境问题。在本研究中，以橡胶屑为原料制备了增强木塑复合材料。颗粒橡胶增强木塑的容重比基准材料高出19%。这表明橡胶屑有助于固结过程。基线和颗粒橡胶增强木塑材料均根据ASTM D 1037进行机械表征。颗粒橡胶增强木塑复合材料的压缩模量比基线木塑复合材料提高了200%。锥形量热法测定结果表明，木质复合材料的峰值放热率、最大平均放热率(MARHE)、有效燃烧热和燃料负荷均低于基准木质复合材料。尽管如此，据观察，CO和CO2的量产生更多的情况下，碎橡胶增强木复合材料。
{"title":"Impact of crumb rubber reinforcement on the properties of wood–plastic composites","authors":"Kunal Mishra, L. K. Babu, Ruiqing Shen, Qingsheng Wang, Raman P. Singh","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.2011553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2011553","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of crumb rubber is one form of recycling scrap tires that can aid in addressing the environmental concerns of tire disposal. In the present investigation, reinforced wood–plastic composites (WPCs) were manufactured incorporating crumb rubber. The bulk density of crumb rubber-reinforced WPC was found to be 19% higher than the baseline materials. This indicated that crumb rubber assisted in the consolidation process. Both baseline and crumb rubber-reinforced WPC materials were mechanically characterized according to ASTM D 1037. Compression modulus of crumb rubber-reinforced WPC showed an increase of 200% as compared to baseline WPC. Cone calorimetry demonstrated that the peak heat release rate, the maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE), effective heat of combustion, and fuel load of crumb rubber-reinforced WPC were lower than the baseline WPC. Nonetheless, it was observed that the amount of CO and CO2 produced were more in the case of crumb rubber-reinforced WPC.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48047610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.2019175
Aiman Hakim Supee, M. Zaini
ABSTRACT Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants that exist on earth and can be found in many countries. Its application generally ranges across both the engineering and non-engineering sectors. Traditionally, bamboo is mainly used in the construction field, but recent trends and studies have also shown its potential in the water treatment industry as a low-cost adsorbent. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the recent studies on bamboo residue as a potential precursor for activated carbon as well as its performance in treating water pollutants. Apart from that, the current limitations, and suggestions on the further development of bamboo activated carbon, are also integrated to provide insight on its potential usage in the industrial process.
{"title":"Bamboo residue as a potential activated carbon for removal of water pollutants: a commentary","authors":"Aiman Hakim Supee, M. Zaini","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.2019175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2019175","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants that exist on earth and can be found in many countries. Its application generally ranges across both the engineering and non-engineering sectors. Traditionally, bamboo is mainly used in the construction field, but recent trends and studies have also shown its potential in the water treatment industry as a low-cost adsorbent. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the recent studies on bamboo residue as a potential precursor for activated carbon as well as its performance in treating water pollutants. Apart from that, the current limitations, and suggestions on the further development of bamboo activated carbon, are also integrated to provide insight on its potential usage in the industrial process.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49045120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.2018101
A. Alade, Z. Naghizadeh, C. B. Wessels, Hannes Stolze, H. Militz
ABSTRACT The fundamental factors responsible for the complexities in adhesive bonding of preservative-treated wood are predominantly wood species, preservative composition, and adhesive system. It is post-effect of these factors that process variables such as assembly times and bonding pressure exert secondary influences on adhesive-bond development in preservative-treated laminates. Hence, this study investigated the effect of copper azole (CA) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) impregnations on E. grandis heartwood (HW) and sapwood (SW) bonding with melamine–urea–formaldehyde and polyurethane adhesives. Based on the adhesives and bonding conditions investigated, the CA and DOT-treated E. grandis laminates do not satisfy at least one of the shear strength and delamination requirements according to EN 14080:2013. Contrary to delamination, shear strength was significantly affected by the HW–SW difference. This study established the basis for further considerations on adapting bonding conditions for improved adhesive-bond performance in CA and DOT-treated E. grandis laminates towards manufacturing durable hardwood composite for tropical and subtropical environments.
{"title":"Compatibility of preservative with adhesive in Eucalyptus grandis laminates","authors":"A. Alade, Z. Naghizadeh, C. B. Wessels, Hannes Stolze, H. Militz","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.2018101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2018101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The fundamental factors responsible for the complexities in adhesive bonding of preservative-treated wood are predominantly wood species, preservative composition, and adhesive system. It is post-effect of these factors that process variables such as assembly times and bonding pressure exert secondary influences on adhesive-bond development in preservative-treated laminates. Hence, this study investigated the effect of copper azole (CA) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) impregnations on E. grandis heartwood (HW) and sapwood (SW) bonding with melamine–urea–formaldehyde and polyurethane adhesives. Based on the adhesives and bonding conditions investigated, the CA and DOT-treated E. grandis laminates do not satisfy at least one of the shear strength and delamination requirements according to EN 14080:2013. Contrary to delamination, shear strength was significantly affected by the HW–SW difference. This study established the basis for further considerations on adapting bonding conditions for improved adhesive-bond performance in CA and DOT-treated E. grandis laminates towards manufacturing durable hardwood composite for tropical and subtropical environments.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47098838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-19DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.2014026
C. Antwi-Boasiako, A. O. Ansah, M. Glalah
ABSTRACT Wood-residues and plastic wastes are environmental pollutants. The success of engineered Wood–Plastic Composites (WPCs) as structural materials depends on their properties. The physico-mechanical properties of WPCs from Triplochiton scleroxylon sawdust and post-consumer polyethylene water sachet were assessed. The components (Composite A = 10:90% wood–plastic, B = 25:75% and C = 50:50% by weight) were extruded and moulded into standard dimensions for physical (i.e. water absorption and hardness) and mechanical (i.e. tensile and impact strength) tests. Composite A absorbed the least water (0.02 ± 0.01%) and recorded the greatest hardness (51.40 ± 0.01 N mm−2) compared with Composite C (0.08 ± 0.01% and 40.30 ± 0.04 N mm−2 respectively). Tensile strength ranged from 30.64 ± 0.12 N mm−2 (Composite C) to 34.78 ± 0.09 N mm−2 (Composite B), and the impact from 0.50 ± 0.01 J (Composite C) to 0.90 ± 0.01 J (Composite A). The engineering and utilisation of wood-residue and plastic waste into composites would ease timber over-exploitation and minimise environmental pollution threats, contribute to ease timber over-exploitation and minimise environmental pollution threats.
木渣和塑料废弃物是环境污染物。工程木塑复合材料(WPCs)作为结构材料的成功取决于其性能。研究了三龙鱼木屑和聚乙烯水包复合材料的物理力学性能。组件(复合材料A = 10:90%木塑，B = 25:75%和C = 50:50%重量)被挤压和模压成标准尺寸进行物理(即吸水性和硬度)和机械(即拉伸和冲击强度)测试。与复合材料C(分别为0.08±0.01%和40.30±0.04 N mm−2)相比，复合材料A的吸水率最低(0.02±0.01%)，硬度最高(51.40±0.01 N mm−2)。复合材料的抗拉强度范围为30.64±0.12 N mm−2(复合材料C)至34.78±0.09 N mm−2(复合材料B)，影响范围为0.50±0.01 J(复合材料C)至0.90±0.01 J(复合材料A)。木渣和塑料废弃物的工程利用将缓解木材过度开发和减少环境污染威胁，有助于缓解木材过度开发和减少环境污染威胁。
{"title":"Physico-mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites from Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum wood-residue and post-consumer polyethylene waste as construction materials","authors":"C. Antwi-Boasiako, A. O. Ansah, M. Glalah","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.2014026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2014026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wood-residues and plastic wastes are environmental pollutants. The success of engineered Wood–Plastic Composites (WPCs) as structural materials depends on their properties. The physico-mechanical properties of WPCs from Triplochiton scleroxylon sawdust and post-consumer polyethylene water sachet were assessed. The components (Composite A = 10:90% wood–plastic, B = 25:75% and C = 50:50% by weight) were extruded and moulded into standard dimensions for physical (i.e. water absorption and hardness) and mechanical (i.e. tensile and impact strength) tests. Composite A absorbed the least water (0.02 ± 0.01%) and recorded the greatest hardness (51.40 ± 0.01 N mm−2) compared with Composite C (0.08 ± 0.01% and 40.30 ± 0.04 N mm−2 respectively). Tensile strength ranged from 30.64 ± 0.12 N mm−2 (Composite C) to 34.78 ± 0.09 N mm−2 (Composite B), and the impact from 0.50 ± 0.01 J (Composite C) to 0.90 ± 0.01 J (Composite A). The engineering and utilisation of wood-residue and plastic waste into composites would ease timber over-exploitation and minimise environmental pollution threats, contribute to ease timber over-exploitation and minimise environmental pollution threats.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48341969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.2011552
Pundalik Mali, N. Sonawane, V. Patil, Gunawant P. Lokhande, R. Mawale, Nilesh Pawar
ABSTRACT Flame retardants mitigate the threat of fire from inherently flammable wood and wood products responsible for sustaining a high standard of living. Wood is one of the aesthetically pleasing, highly sustainable as well as eco-friendly materials. It is not only an integral part of structures, but also the main source of home appliances, furniture, industrial applications, and offices all over the world. The coating provides protection to wood materials against outdoor weathering, photochemical degradation, and fire. Therefore, to minimize the degradation of wood for the increasing long life and survival ability, various coatings were synthesized and applied to enhance their performance for the wood application. This review provides a historical overview that leads to the structural properties of wood and the most promising surface treatments that will help pave the way for developing more effective and non-intrusive flame retardants in the future.
{"title":"Morphology of wood degradation and flame retardants wood coating technology: an overview","authors":"Pundalik Mali, N. Sonawane, V. Patil, Gunawant P. Lokhande, R. Mawale, Nilesh Pawar","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.2011552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2011552","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Flame retardants mitigate the threat of fire from inherently flammable wood and wood products responsible for sustaining a high standard of living. Wood is one of the aesthetically pleasing, highly sustainable as well as eco-friendly materials. It is not only an integral part of structures, but also the main source of home appliances, furniture, industrial applications, and offices all over the world. The coating provides protection to wood materials against outdoor weathering, photochemical degradation, and fire. Therefore, to minimize the degradation of wood for the increasing long life and survival ability, various coatings were synthesized and applied to enhance their performance for the wood application. This review provides a historical overview that leads to the structural properties of wood and the most promising surface treatments that will help pave the way for developing more effective and non-intrusive flame retardants in the future.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45162174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.1998301
J. Martínez A., N. Jaramillo, Catalina Álvarez-López, Álvaro Vásquez, German C. Quintana
ABSTRACT The effect of adding different lignins on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made with stems of hydrangea and pine using the urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin was evaluated. Four types of lignin were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Klason lignin: Cane Bagasse lignin, Pine China lignin, Kraft Brazil lignin, and ammonium lignosulfonate (LSA). Particleboards were prepared with four types of lignin in a 1:1 (w/w) UF/lignin ratio and compared with those prepared with the UF resin without lignin (control sample). Water absorption, thickness swelling, rupture modulus, and modulus of elasticity were measured. The type of lignin used does not have a statistically significant difference in the physical and mechanical properties and also a decrease in the physical properties of the particleboards compared with the control sample. The use of LSA in the 3:1 (w/w) UF/lignin ratio allows to elaborate particleboards with mechanical properties like those found in the control sample.
{"title":"Effect of the addition of lignin on the physical-mechanical properties of particleboards made with pine/hydrangea stems","authors":"J. Martínez A., N. Jaramillo, Catalina Álvarez-López, Álvaro Vásquez, German C. Quintana","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1998301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1998301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effect of adding different lignins on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made with stems of hydrangea and pine using the urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin was evaluated. Four types of lignin were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Klason lignin: Cane Bagasse lignin, Pine China lignin, Kraft Brazil lignin, and ammonium lignosulfonate (LSA). Particleboards were prepared with four types of lignin in a 1:1 (w/w) UF/lignin ratio and compared with those prepared with the UF resin without lignin (control sample). Water absorption, thickness swelling, rupture modulus, and modulus of elasticity were measured. The type of lignin used does not have a statistically significant difference in the physical and mechanical properties and also a decrease in the physical properties of the particleboards compared with the control sample. The use of LSA in the 3:1 (w/w) UF/lignin ratio allows to elaborate particleboards with mechanical properties like those found in the control sample.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46544084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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