Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1871275
Y. Japarudin, M. Lapammu, A. Alwi, K. Chiu, M. Ghaffariyan, Mark Brown, R. Meder
ABSTRAC Plantation-grown, high-value timber species producing high-value end products are key to optimising land utilisation in Sabah and Sarawak states in Borneo, Malaysia, while meeting the demand for downstream processing. Eucalyptus pellita is one such species suitable for the tropical climatic conditions and exhibits considerable potential for solid wood and veneer production. The characteristics of E. pellita grown in Sabah, demonstrate the need for an appropriate silviculture management and downstream processing strategy to optimise the quality and quantity of veneer and sawn board. Recovery from E. pellita resources has demonstrated the average volume recovery of dry-graded veneer ranged from 38.1 to 49.5%, whereas the average dried board volume ranged from 48.5 to 57.9%. If E. pellita is to be grown on short rotations as a peeler resource, an appropriate pruning regime is needed to maximise the volume of clearwood. The greatest cause of volume loss was end-splitting in the recovery of veneer and solid timber.
{"title":"Veneering and sawing performance of plantation-grown Eucalyptus pellita, aged 7–23 years, in Borneo Malaysia","authors":"Y. Japarudin, M. Lapammu, A. Alwi, K. Chiu, M. Ghaffariyan, Mark Brown, R. Meder","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1871275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1871275","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAC Plantation-grown, high-value timber species producing high-value end products are key to optimising land utilisation in Sabah and Sarawak states in Borneo, Malaysia, while meeting the demand for downstream processing. Eucalyptus pellita is one such species suitable for the tropical climatic conditions and exhibits considerable potential for solid wood and veneer production. The characteristics of E. pellita grown in Sabah, demonstrate the need for an appropriate silviculture management and downstream processing strategy to optimise the quality and quantity of veneer and sawn board. Recovery from E. pellita resources has demonstrated the average volume recovery of dry-graded veneer ranged from 38.1 to 49.5%, whereas the average dried board volume ranged from 48.5 to 57.9%. If E. pellita is to be grown on short rotations as a peeler resource, an appropriate pruning regime is needed to maximise the volume of clearwood. The greatest cause of volume loss was end-splitting in the recovery of veneer and solid timber.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"116 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1871275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47114579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1871276
I. Grigorev, A. Shadrin, S. Katkov, Vyacheslav Borisov, V. Druzyanova, Irina Gnatovskaya, R. Diev, N. Kaznacheeva, D. Levushkin, D. Akinin
ABSTRACT Given the upward trend of deforestation in the world, improving the quality of wood waste sorting operations is a major challenge in forestry from the perspective of energy saving and environmental conservation. The quality of wood chips defines their further application, whether it is production or fuel. The second case study presents a new approach to the problem of sorting wood chips for increasing their quality using machine learning and laser scanning technology. The proposed methodology includes functions to analyse the fractional size distribution among wood chips and rot detection. It shows that once a defective chip is detected, the quality control system will automatically remove it from the conveyor belt while it is moving. The minimization of wood waste will reduce logging intensity and increase the profitability of lumber enterprises.
{"title":"Russian sawmill modernization (a case study). Part 2: improving the efficiency of wood chipping operations","authors":"I. Grigorev, A. Shadrin, S. Katkov, Vyacheslav Borisov, V. Druzyanova, Irina Gnatovskaya, R. Diev, N. Kaznacheeva, D. Levushkin, D. Akinin","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1871276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1871276","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Given the upward trend of deforestation in the world, improving the quality of wood waste sorting operations is a major challenge in forestry from the perspective of energy saving and environmental conservation. The quality of wood chips defines their further application, whether it is production or fuel. The second case study presents a new approach to the problem of sorting wood chips for increasing their quality using machine learning and laser scanning technology. The proposed methodology includes functions to analyse the fractional size distribution among wood chips and rot detection. It shows that once a defective chip is detected, the quality control system will automatically remove it from the conveyor belt while it is moving. The minimization of wood waste will reduce logging intensity and increase the profitability of lumber enterprises.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"128 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1871276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49658472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2021.1906389
C. Gerber, Krizza Collado, J. Morrell
ABSTRACT Resin impregnated wood nails create an opportunity to use more renewable materials in place of metal fasteners, but there are few data on the effects of moisture cycling on performance. The properties of resin impregnated, compressed beech nails that had been subjected to repeated wetting and drying were compared with steel nails using radiata pine lumber. Sections cycled between ∼12 and ∼50% moisture content were destructively tested in shear. Capacity increased slightly with exposure to one moisture cycle for both connector types. Significant negative effects on wooden nail stiffness were only observed after 5 or 7 moisture cycles. Metal nails failed in a ductile fashion while the timber connectors failed in a brittle mode. The results suggest that wood fasteners can withstand some wetting, but repeated moisture cycling will be detrimental to performance.
{"title":"Impact of moisture cycling on lateral resistance of resin-impregnated compressed beech nails in radiata pine timber","authors":"C. Gerber, Krizza Collado, J. Morrell","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1906389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1906389","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Resin impregnated wood nails create an opportunity to use more renewable materials in place of metal fasteners, but there are few data on the effects of moisture cycling on performance. The properties of resin impregnated, compressed beech nails that had been subjected to repeated wetting and drying were compared with steel nails using radiata pine lumber. Sections cycled between ∼12 and ∼50% moisture content were destructively tested in shear. Capacity increased slightly with exposure to one moisture cycle for both connector types. Significant negative effects on wooden nail stiffness were only observed after 5 or 7 moisture cycles. Metal nails failed in a ductile fashion while the timber connectors failed in a brittle mode. The results suggest that wood fasteners can withstand some wetting, but repeated moisture cycling will be detrimental to performance.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"147 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2021.1906389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47255393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1827860
F. Chao, Tsung-hsun Chuang
ABSTRACT Wooden structure and the process of extracting elements are performed together with the adolescent. Young people have gradually forgotten ancient wisdom hidden in traditional objects. Traditional East Asian wooden architecture use mortise-and-tenon joints with various types. We have summarized the main types of wood structure joints and selected joint styles for image perception analysis. First, the joint structure is simplified, and the CAD digital model of the objects was established to facilitate the understanding of its structures and assembly approach. Second, connecting elements were extracted into five functions and shape types. Four stages questionnaires were used to survey feedback to verify the main recognizable features. The initiative’s primary intended outcome is 30 adjective with each sample which have differences in their cognition. After summing up by factor analysis, they can more clearly know the difference in image cognition between mortise-and-tenon samples.
{"title":"Image perception for adolescent of mortise-and-tenon joints in wooden buildings","authors":"F. Chao, Tsung-hsun Chuang","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1827860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1827860","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wooden structure and the process of extracting elements are performed together with the adolescent. Young people have gradually forgotten ancient wisdom hidden in traditional objects. Traditional East Asian wooden architecture use mortise-and-tenon joints with various types. We have summarized the main types of wood structure joints and selected joint styles for image perception analysis. First, the joint structure is simplified, and the CAD digital model of the objects was established to facilitate the understanding of its structures and assembly approach. Second, connecting elements were extracted into five functions and shape types. Four stages questionnaires were used to survey feedback to verify the main recognizable features. The initiative’s primary intended outcome is 30 adjective with each sample which have differences in their cognition. After summing up by factor analysis, they can more clearly know the difference in image cognition between mortise-and-tenon samples.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"7 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1827860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42871388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1808400
U. Wilson, A. Adedeji, J. Alomaja, J. Sani, O. Babatunde, P. Abubakar
ABSTRACT A structural reliability analysis was carried out on the Nigerian-grown African birch timber to ascertain its performance as a structural timber column for solid, box and I built-up sections using FORTRAN language. By varying its depth, length and the axial load supported by the column, results obtained reveal that the timber is adequate for use as solid timber column at a depth and breadth of 150 mm, an effective height of 3600 mm and an axial load of 260 kN with its probability of failure as 8.85 × 10−3. The corresponding I-section was found to be unsafe, whereas the box-section supported the design load with a probability of failure of 1.6 × 10−6. For the design dimension (150 × 150 mm), the solid section has a compressive capacity twice that of the I-section. The box-section has a capacity three times that of the I-section and twice that of the solid section at increased loads.
{"title":"Comparative reliability assessment of a solid, box and I-section Nigerian-grown African birch (Anogeissus leiocarpus) timber column","authors":"U. Wilson, A. Adedeji, J. Alomaja, J. Sani, O. Babatunde, P. Abubakar","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1808400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1808400","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A structural reliability analysis was carried out on the Nigerian-grown African birch timber to ascertain its performance as a structural timber column for solid, box and I built-up sections using FORTRAN language. By varying its depth, length and the axial load supported by the column, results obtained reveal that the timber is adequate for use as solid timber column at a depth and breadth of 150 mm, an effective height of 3600 mm and an axial load of 260 kN with its probability of failure as 8.85 × 10−3. The corresponding I-section was found to be unsafe, whereas the box-section supported the design load with a probability of failure of 1.6 × 10−6. For the design dimension (150 × 150 mm), the solid section has a compressive capacity twice that of the I-section. The box-section has a capacity three times that of the I-section and twice that of the solid section at increased loads.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"40 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1808400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49065013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-22DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1857981
O. Kunickaya, O. Burmistrova, E. Hertz, V. Ivanov, Inessa G. Nazarova, T. Baranova, S. Egipko, E. Tomashevskaya, Z. Tatarinova, O. Krivoshapkina
ABSTRACT This paper offers a new technological solution for low-quality log chipping that enables sawmills to produce wood chips efficiently and with less waste. The proposed solution for sorting wood chips helps to solve a number of urgent problems crucial to log processing. Intellectualization of sorting operations not only minimizes wood residues, but also enables the maintenance of equipment. Modifications in the chipping system, namely laser sensors and a microcontroller, help operators detect debarking defects and perform the cutting tool wear monitoring. The results of the study show that a control system intellectualization allows an efficient use of equipment and thereby serves to improve production efficiency. This study primarily concentrates on coniferous logs. The technology developed in this study is applicable to log processing equipment and can be used in debarking machines at other mills.
{"title":"Russian sawmill modernization (a case study). Part 1: optimizing processes of low-grade timber debarking and wood chipping","authors":"O. Kunickaya, O. Burmistrova, E. Hertz, V. Ivanov, Inessa G. Nazarova, T. Baranova, S. Egipko, E. Tomashevskaya, Z. Tatarinova, O. Krivoshapkina","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1857981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1857981","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper offers a new technological solution for low-quality log chipping that enables sawmills to produce wood chips efficiently and with less waste. The proposed solution for sorting wood chips helps to solve a number of urgent problems crucial to log processing. Intellectualization of sorting operations not only minimizes wood residues, but also enables the maintenance of equipment. Modifications in the chipping system, namely laser sensors and a microcontroller, help operators detect debarking defects and perform the cutting tool wear monitoring. The results of the study show that a control system intellectualization allows an efficient use of equipment and thereby serves to improve production efficiency. This study primarily concentrates on coniferous logs. The technology developed in this study is applicable to log processing equipment and can be used in debarking machines at other mills.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"107 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1857981","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45090436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-22DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1861733
Togtokhbayar Erdene-Ochir, F. Ishiguri, I. Nezu, Bayasaa Tumenjargal, Murzabyek Sarkhad, J. Ohshima, S. Yokota
ABSTRACT Wood properties were investigated for nine naturally regenerated trees of Betula platyphylla Sukaczev var. japonica (Miq.) H. Hara in Nikko, Japan to effectively utilise the wood resources. The following properties were determined: stress-wave velocity of stems in radial direction, cell length, basic density, shrinkage, dynamic Young’s modulus, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, absorbed energy in impact bending, and compressive strength parallel to grain. All examined wood properties increased from pith to bark. The boundary between core and outer wood determined by a 1.0% annual increment of cell lengths was well matched with that determined by radial variations of wood properties. Significant differences were found between the core and outer wood in several wood properties. Based on the results, it is concluded that when the wood of B. platyphylla is utilised as an industrial raw material, the presence of core and outer wood should be considered.
摘要以白桦(Betula platyphylla Sukaczev var. japonica, Miq.)为材料，对9株自然再生树种的木材特性进行了研究。日本日光的原H.有效利用木材资源。测定了茎的径向应力波速度、胞体长度、基本密度、收缩率、动态杨氏模量、弹性模量、断裂模量、冲击弯曲吸收能量、平行于晶粒的抗压强度。所有被检查的木材性能从髓到树皮都有所增加。由细胞长度每年增加1.0%决定的核心和外部木材之间的边界与木材性质的径向变化决定的边界很好地匹配。芯材和外材在几种木材性能上存在显著差异。综上所述，在利用白桦木材作为工业原料时，应考虑其芯材和外材的存在。
{"title":"Within-tree and radial variations of wood properties in naturally regenerated trees of Betula platyphylla grown in Nikko, Japan","authors":"Togtokhbayar Erdene-Ochir, F. Ishiguri, I. Nezu, Bayasaa Tumenjargal, Murzabyek Sarkhad, J. Ohshima, S. Yokota","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1861733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1861733","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wood properties were investigated for nine naturally regenerated trees of Betula platyphylla Sukaczev var. japonica (Miq.) H. Hara in Nikko, Japan to effectively utilise the wood resources. The following properties were determined: stress-wave velocity of stems in radial direction, cell length, basic density, shrinkage, dynamic Young’s modulus, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, absorbed energy in impact bending, and compressive strength parallel to grain. All examined wood properties increased from pith to bark. The boundary between core and outer wood determined by a 1.0% annual increment of cell lengths was well matched with that determined by radial variations of wood properties. Significant differences were found between the core and outer wood in several wood properties. Based on the results, it is concluded that when the wood of B. platyphylla is utilised as an industrial raw material, the presence of core and outer wood should be considered.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"95 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1861733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46253499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1844851
Andre Novayer, I. Wahyudi, Loedy Setiono, W. Darmawan
ABSTRACT This study was done to investigate surface roughness, noise level, chip shapes and chip flows characteristic in milling teak wood by conventional and helical router bits. Down-milling process compared to up-milling process produced better surface roughness, lower noise level, and flow chip. Better surface roughness (R a value) was produced by the router bits with higher helix angle compared to lower helix angle. Noise level decreased with increasing in the helix angle of the router bits. The increasing in the angle of the wood grain would increase the values of surface roughness and noise level. With increasing helix angle of the bits the amount of spiral and flow chips increased and granule chips were reduced. The investigations have clearly confirmed that the helical edge is considered to be a valuable design to improve upon the performance of the straight edge for wood milling applications.
{"title":"The influence of helix angle of router bits on chip flow, roughness and noise level in milling different grain angle orientation of teak wood","authors":"Andre Novayer, I. Wahyudi, Loedy Setiono, W. Darmawan","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1844851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1844851","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was done to investigate surface roughness, noise level, chip shapes and chip flows characteristic in milling teak wood by conventional and helical router bits. Down-milling process compared to up-milling process produced better surface roughness, lower noise level, and flow chip. Better surface roughness (R a value) was produced by the router bits with higher helix angle compared to lower helix angle. Noise level decreased with increasing in the helix angle of the router bits. The increasing in the angle of the wood grain would increase the values of surface roughness and noise level. With increasing helix angle of the bits the amount of spiral and flow chips increased and granule chips were reduced. The investigations have clearly confirmed that the helical edge is considered to be a valuable design to improve upon the performance of the straight edge for wood milling applications.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"73 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1844851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46705234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1838215
M. Sanne, A. Kampe, C. Lenz, S. Gossel, S. Wagner, A. Haibel, E. Melcher, C. Leu, A. Pfriem, S. Lautner
ABSTRACT Similar to a normal wave, a shock wave travels as energy through matter but it causes an abrupt rise of pressure, temperature and density. In this study, the influence of shock waves on wood structure were investigated in the light of possible future industrial utilization e.g. timber impregnating treatment. The constructed autoclave is capable of creating shock waves either by an electrical pulse breakdown of a spark gap arrangement or by electromagnetic actuators. The penetration depths of the fir wood test samples were measured using light microscopy, SEM and micro-computed tomography. Our results showed that by varying the intensity of the incident shock wave, the distance between the shock wave generating device and the test sample, and/or the orientation of test sample in relation to the shockwave, the wood tissue structure had been heavily disintegrated or hardly affected at all. An improvement on impregnation could not be found.
{"title":"Introduction of shock wave technology to fir wood preservation","authors":"M. Sanne, A. Kampe, C. Lenz, S. Gossel, S. Wagner, A. Haibel, E. Melcher, C. Leu, A. Pfriem, S. Lautner","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1838215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1838215","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Similar to a normal wave, a shock wave travels as energy through matter but it causes an abrupt rise of pressure, temperature and density. In this study, the influence of shock waves on wood structure were investigated in the light of possible future industrial utilization e.g. timber impregnating treatment. The constructed autoclave is capable of creating shock waves either by an electrical pulse breakdown of a spark gap arrangement or by electromagnetic actuators. The penetration depths of the fir wood test samples were measured using light microscopy, SEM and micro-computed tomography. Our results showed that by varying the intensity of the incident shock wave, the distance between the shock wave generating device and the test sample, and/or the orientation of test sample in relation to the shockwave, the wood tissue structure had been heavily disintegrated or hardly affected at all. An improvement on impregnation could not be found.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"3 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1838215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44254121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.1080/20426445.2020.1834312
S. Ayanleye, S. Avramidis
ABSTRACT Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-destructive method that has been used in wood property assessment. Preliminary studies have revealed its ability to predict wood density and mechanical properties, but with little attention given to the effect of surface quality and wood anisotropy. This study simulates sawmill conditions variable timber surface quality and cross-sectional annual ring orientation where NIR spectra were taken on rough and smooth surfaces of quarter-sawn and flat-sawn specimens. Two models were developed based on a mixed set which included both cross-sections, and another that was based on wood from these two cross-sections, separately. Promising predictive models were obtained for density ( = 0.66), stiffness ( = 0.78) and strength ( = 0.82). Rough surface and quarter-sawn specimens were mostly better than their counterparts. In general, density, stiffness, and strength of wood could swiftly and with relative accuracy be assessed using NIRS, especially with rough-surfaced timber.
{"title":"Predictive capacity of some wood properties by near-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"S. Ayanleye, S. Avramidis","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1834312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1834312","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-destructive method that has been used in wood property assessment. Preliminary studies have revealed its ability to predict wood density and mechanical properties, but with little attention given to the effect of surface quality and wood anisotropy. This study simulates sawmill conditions variable timber surface quality and cross-sectional annual ring orientation where NIR spectra were taken on rough and smooth surfaces of quarter-sawn and flat-sawn specimens. Two models were developed based on a mixed set which included both cross-sections, and another that was based on wood from these two cross-sections, separately. Promising predictive models were obtained for density ( = 0.66), stiffness ( = 0.78) and strength ( = 0.82). Rough surface and quarter-sawn specimens were mostly better than their counterparts. In general, density, stiffness, and strength of wood could swiftly and with relative accuracy be assessed using NIRS, especially with rough-surfaced timber.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"83 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1834312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48492758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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