Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.293
S. Tatarintsev, A. Stekolnikov
To date in Russian federation there is widespread in veterinary medicine to empiric prescription of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs in the treatment of bacterial cystitis in dogs. The main danger of this approach is associated with the provocation of the development of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, with the surgical treatment of animals in the active stage of the inflammatory process and associated complications, with the development of ascending infections of the urinary system. Very important for a positive clinical result in the treatment of dogs with urinary incontinence against the background of ureteral ectopia or urethral sphincter insufficiency has a compliance with the preanalytical rules when taking biomaterial (urine) for bacteriological examination by pyelocentesis or cystocentesis. So there is data how to obtaining a biomaterial and its laboratory research in this article. This article presents arguments to the feasibility and necessity of conducting a laboratory study of the bacterial composition of urine in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the urinary system associated with urinary incontinence. This approach makes it possible to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, stop the actual infectious process and ensure high rates of treatment. Вacterial culture of urine is one of the most important tests to ensure the successful treatment of patients with such diseases. Also in analyzes results we can see the insufficiency and associated risks of broadspectrum antibacterial drugs’s "blind" prescription, which has negative affect for treatment
{"title":"The bacterial culture of urine relevance in the complex treatment of incontinence in dogs","authors":"S. Tatarintsev, A. Stekolnikov","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.293","url":null,"abstract":"To date in Russian federation there is widespread in veterinary medicine to empiric prescription of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs in the treatment of bacterial cystitis in dogs. The main danger of this approach is associated with the provocation of the development of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, with the surgical treatment of animals in the active stage of the inflammatory process and associated complications, with the development of ascending infections of the urinary system. Very important for a positive clinical result in the treatment of dogs with urinary incontinence against the background of ureteral ectopia or urethral sphincter insufficiency has a compliance with the preanalytical rules when taking biomaterial (urine) for bacteriological examination by pyelocentesis or cystocentesis. So there is data how to obtaining a biomaterial and its laboratory research in this article. This article presents arguments to the feasibility and necessity of conducting a laboratory study of the bacterial composition of urine in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the urinary system associated with urinary incontinence. This approach makes it possible to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, stop the actual infectious process and ensure high rates of treatment. Вacterial culture of urine is one of the most important tests to ensure the successful treatment of patients with such diseases. Also in analyzes results we can see the insufficiency and associated risks of broadspectrum antibacterial drugs’s \"blind\" prescription, which has negative affect for treatment","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77868055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.276
M. Volkova, V. Maksimov, S. V. Fedorov, N. Lebedev
Based on the results of the study, methods for determining the fertility of replacement pigs in the conditions of an industrial pig farm have been improved. The effectiveness of the proposed "Complex method for determining the fertility of replacement pigs in industrial conditions" is shown. An assessment was made of the hormonal status of replacement pigs in the ontogenesis phases critical for the development of the reproductive system - before the first estrus (before puberty) and immediately before insemination (maturity of the body); features of the manifestation of the immobility reflex in these gilts under conditions of artificial insemination. When applying the developed methodology for determining the timing of insemination of pigs, its efficiency increases - the percentage of pro-hollowness decreases from 5.68% to 1.29%, which leads to a reasonable expenditure of labor costs for the preparation of sperm doses and insemination, more rational use seed production at the same financial costs for the technique itself.The level of sex hormones (estradiol, testosterone, cortisol and FSH) in the blood serum of physiologically healthy replacement pigs of the Duroc breed in the phases of ontogenesis that are critical for the formation of the reproductive system - in the period before the first estrus and in the period after body maturation (immediately before insemination) allows you to quickly determine fertility in replacement pigs. The use of the developed "Complex method for determining the fertility of replacement pigs in industrial conditions" contributes to the effective use of the breeding stock
{"title":"Improvement of methods for determining the fertility of replacement pigs inindustrial conditions","authors":"M. Volkova, V. Maksimov, S. V. Fedorov, N. Lebedev","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.276","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the results of the study, methods for determining the fertility of replacement pigs in the conditions of an industrial pig farm have been improved. The effectiveness of the proposed \"Complex method for determining the fertility of replacement pigs in industrial conditions\" is shown. An assessment was made of the hormonal status of replacement pigs in the ontogenesis phases critical for the development of the reproductive system - before the first estrus (before puberty) and immediately before insemination (maturity of the body); features of the manifestation of the immobility reflex in these gilts under conditions of artificial insemination. When applying the developed methodology for determining the timing of insemination of pigs, its efficiency increases - the percentage of pro-hollowness decreases from 5.68% to 1.29%, which leads to a reasonable expenditure of labor costs for the preparation of sperm doses and insemination, more rational use seed production at the same financial costs for the technique itself.The level of sex hormones (estradiol, testosterone, cortisol and FSH) in the blood serum of physiologically healthy replacement pigs of the Duroc breed in the phases of ontogenesis that are critical for the formation of the reproductive system - in the period before the first estrus and in the period after body maturation (immediately before insemination) allows you to quickly determine fertility in replacement pigs. The use of the developed \"Complex method for determining the fertility of replacement pigs in industrial conditions\" contributes to the effective use of the breeding stock","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74130137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.255
N. V. Garskaya, A. V. Tkachev
The study of the mammalian skin reveals a wide range of adaptations of animals and their organs to various conditions of existence.The aim of the work is to establish, on the basis of factual material, the morphological and functional features of the skin of wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa (Linnaeus 1758)) in conditions of adaptation to adverse natural and climatic factors.The skin samples of 6 adult individuals (males) of wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) caught in the autumn-winter period were studied. The morphometric parameters of the skin layers and their components were measured, based on the primary data, the total thickness of the skin and epidermis, the ratio of the outer and inner layers of the epidermis were calculated. The established absolute values of indicators (microns) were converted into relative values (%), the ratio of the stratum corneum and the underlying rows of the epidermis was found. The results obtained were processed using the Statistica (6.0) software package.In the studied animals, the skin is quite thick, with a wide variability of the indicator. We noted a well-developed epidermis in the skin of wild boars, its thickness averaged 72.99 microns. The stratum corneum, on average, reached a thickness of 36.13 microns (44.75-56.65% of total epidermis thickness), with a low level of variation (8.58%), which may be genetically deter mined. The dermis of the wild boars’ skin is well developed; it consists of densely packed, medium-sized bundles of collagen fibers that form ties with a heterogeneous binding, which indicates a high density and strength of the skin under mechanical stress and, possibly, is associated with sexual characteristics (the ability of the skin to withstand blows during fights) . Inclusions of adipose tissue were found in the lower layers of the dermis.The sebaceous glands are large, well developed, actively functioning in winter (as evidenced by the lipid mantle of the stratum corneum). A significant level of group variation was established, due to the wide individual variability of the indicators of functionally active structures (skin glands) in the studied animals, while the indicators of other derivatives of the epithelium – hair follicles, were distinguished by a very low level of variability.The data obtained allow us to conclude that the variability of the skin structure and its derivatives in wild boars have a certain significance in the process of adaptation to the effects of adverse climatic conditions, depending on the season of the year.
{"title":"Morphofunctional characteristics of the skin in the assessment of adaptive capabilities in wild boars (sus scrofa scrofa (l., 1758)","authors":"N. V. Garskaya, A. V. Tkachev","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.255","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the mammalian skin reveals a wide range of adaptations of animals and their organs to various conditions of existence.The aim of the work is to establish, on the basis of factual material, the morphological and functional features of the skin of wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa (Linnaeus 1758)) in conditions of adaptation to adverse natural and climatic factors.The skin samples of 6 adult individuals (males) of wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) caught in the autumn-winter period were studied. The morphometric parameters of the skin layers and their components were measured, based on the primary data, the total thickness of the skin and epidermis, the ratio of the outer and inner layers of the epidermis were calculated. The established absolute values of indicators (microns) were converted into relative values (%), the ratio of the stratum corneum and the underlying rows of the epidermis was found. The results obtained were processed using the Statistica (6.0) software package.In the studied animals, the skin is quite thick, with a wide variability of the indicator. We noted a well-developed epidermis in the skin of wild boars, its thickness averaged 72.99 microns. The stratum corneum, on average, reached a thickness of 36.13 microns (44.75-56.65% of total epidermis thickness), with a low level of variation (8.58%), which may be genetically deter mined. The dermis of the wild boars’ skin is well developed; it consists of densely packed, medium-sized bundles of collagen fibers that form ties with a heterogeneous binding, which indicates a high density and strength of the skin under mechanical stress and, possibly, is associated with sexual characteristics (the ability of the skin to withstand blows during fights) . Inclusions of adipose tissue were found in the lower layers of the dermis.The sebaceous glands are large, well developed, actively functioning in winter (as evidenced by the lipid mantle of the stratum corneum). A significant level of group variation was established, due to the wide individual variability of the indicators of functionally active structures (skin glands) in the studied animals, while the indicators of other derivatives of the epithelium – hair follicles, were distinguished by a very low level of variability.The data obtained allow us to conclude that the variability of the skin structure and its derivatives in wild boars have a certain significance in the process of adaptation to the effects of adverse climatic conditions, depending on the season of the year.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82294621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.205
V. Tarasevich, N. Ryadinskaya
Nasua nasua is a representative of the forests of South America, and is also kept as a zoo animal. The animals have a pronounced mobile and long nose, a fluffy long tail, as a means of signaling; strong claws on the pectoral limbs, which serve not only to move through trees, but also to get food. Currently, there are isolated works on the morphology of the abdominal aorta of this type, but no features of the morphology of the heart have been found, which was the purpose of our study. The material was preserved in a 10% formalin solution of the heart, taken in different years from sexually mature noses received from the Irkutsk Zoo Gallery and the Siberian Zoo of Irkutsk. Classical methods of morphological research were used in the work: fine dissection, morphometry of the heart and its structures, description, sketches and photographing. According to the results of the studies, it was found that the average value of the absolute mass of the heart was 18.2 ± 0.33 g, has an ellipsoid shape, and the ratio of the thickness of the ventricles is at the level of 1:2.8. The internal structure of the right atrium is built of five scallop muscles of the 1st order and nine of the 2nd order, and four scallop muscles of the 1st order and eight of the second order participate in the relief of the left atrium. The shape of the auricle at the right atrium of the heart is 1.5 times greater than the value of the left atrium. In the left ventricle of the heart there are three papillary muscles (cranial and two caudal) with 21-24 tendon strings, and in the right ventricle there are six papillary muscles that carry up to 31 tendon strings on their surface. The septomarginal trabecula connects the parietal pedicle of the accessory and the base of the large papillary muscle.
{"title":"Some features of the morphology of the heart (nasua nasua)","authors":"V. Tarasevich, N. Ryadinskaya","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.205","url":null,"abstract":"Nasua nasua is a representative of the forests of South America, and is also kept as a zoo animal. The animals have a pronounced mobile and long nose, a fluffy long tail, as a means of signaling; strong claws on the pectoral limbs, which serve not only to move through trees, but also to get food. Currently, there are isolated works on the morphology of the abdominal aorta of this type, but no features of the morphology of the heart have been found, which was the purpose of our study. The material was preserved in a 10% formalin solution of the heart, taken in different years from sexually mature noses received from the Irkutsk Zoo Gallery and the Siberian Zoo of Irkutsk. Classical methods of morphological research were used in the work: fine dissection, morphometry of the heart and its structures, description, sketches and photographing. According to the results of the studies, it was found that the average value of the absolute mass of the heart was 18.2 ± 0.33 g, has an ellipsoid shape, and the ratio of the thickness of the ventricles is at the level of 1:2.8. The internal structure of the right atrium is built of five scallop muscles of the 1st order and nine of the 2nd order, and four scallop muscles of the 1st order and eight of the second order participate in the relief of the left atrium. The shape of the auricle at the right atrium of the heart is 1.5 times greater than the value of the left atrium. In the left ventricle of the heart there are three papillary muscles (cranial and two caudal) with 21-24 tendon strings, and in the right ventricle there are six papillary muscles that carry up to 31 tendon strings on their surface. The septomarginal trabecula connects the parietal pedicle of the accessory and the base of the large papillary muscle.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"47 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72585847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.234
N. F. Belousova, S. P. Bass, S. Zinovieva, S. I. Sorokin, N. Atnabaeva
The relationship of polymorphic variants of MSTN, CAST, PRLR genes with working qualities and body types of Vyatka horses was studied. The purpose of the research is to assess the genetic and breeding potential of the Vyatka breed horses, as well as to study the relationship between the MSTN, CAST, PRLR genotypes and the economically useful qualities of horses. The method of DNA extraction from Vyatka horse hair follicles using ExtraGene DNA Prep. was applied. When scanning the mutations in the loci MSTN (n=43), CAST (n=41) and PRLR (n=41), DNA amplification the method of allele-specific PCR was performed. The frequency of alleles and genotypes was calculated using MS Excel 10. As a result of research, the dependence of Vyatka horses working qualities on the frequency of occurrence of myostatin MSTN alleles (g.66493737 T>C) was noted. The horses with a higher occurrence of the MSTN/C allele have more productive movements than the individuals with the T/T genotype typical for aborigines. Vyatka horses with the T/T genotype are more versatile, and also show better results in sledding, while the horses with the T/C genotype are better under saddle. The horses with the T/T genotype have the highest bony index but the lowest massiveness index. The MSTN T/T (0.581) homozygous genotype for the "wild" allele predominates in Vyatka horses. A relation ship between body types and the calpastatin gene (CAST) has been revealed for the first time in horse breeding. The horses with the G/A genotype turned out to be the most massive and bony, the horses with the A/A genotype were lighter, the highest frequency of occurrence of the CAST G/A genotype (0.463) was noted, the CAST G/G genotype is rare in the breed (0.171). A relationship between the frequency of occurrence of prolactin receptor genes (PRLR) and body types of horses was not found. The frequency of occurrence of PRLR C/C (0.366) and PRLR G/C (0.390) genotypes is approximately identical, the PRLR G/G genotype is less common (0.244). The study of genes associated with economically useful qualities in all breeding stallions will enable to conduct more efficient breeding, using the desired genotypes, which is important for small breeds.
{"title":"Analysis of polymorphic variants of MSTN, CAST, PRLR genes associations with economically useful qualities of vyatka breed horses","authors":"N. F. Belousova, S. P. Bass, S. Zinovieva, S. I. Sorokin, N. Atnabaeva","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.234","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship of polymorphic variants of MSTN, CAST, PRLR genes with working qualities and body types of Vyatka horses was studied. The purpose of the research is to assess the genetic and breeding potential of the Vyatka breed horses, as well as to study the relationship between the MSTN, CAST, PRLR genotypes and the economically useful qualities of horses. The method of DNA extraction from Vyatka horse hair follicles using ExtraGene DNA Prep. was applied. When scanning the mutations in the loci MSTN (n=43), CAST (n=41) and PRLR (n=41), DNA amplification the method of allele-specific PCR was performed. The frequency of alleles and genotypes was calculated using MS Excel 10. As a result of research, the dependence of Vyatka horses working qualities on the frequency of occurrence of myostatin MSTN alleles (g.66493737 T>C) was noted. The horses with a higher occurrence of the MSTN/C allele have more productive movements than the individuals with the T/T genotype typical for aborigines. Vyatka horses with the T/T genotype are more versatile, and also show better results in sledding, while the horses with the T/C genotype are better under saddle. The horses with the T/T genotype have the highest bony index but the lowest massiveness index. The MSTN T/T (0.581) homozygous genotype for the \"wild\" allele predominates in Vyatka horses. A relation ship between body types and the calpastatin gene (CAST) has been revealed for the first time in horse breeding. The horses with the G/A genotype turned out to be the most massive and bony, the horses with the A/A genotype were lighter, the highest frequency of occurrence of the CAST G/A genotype (0.463) was noted, the CAST G/G genotype is rare in the breed (0.171). A relationship between the frequency of occurrence of prolactin receptor genes (PRLR) and body types of horses was not found. The frequency of occurrence of PRLR C/C (0.366) and PRLR G/C (0.390) genotypes is approximately identical, the PRLR G/G genotype is less common (0.244). The study of genes associated with economically useful qualities in all breeding stallions will enable to conduct more efficient breeding, using the desired genotypes, which is important for small breeds.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78640563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.167
N. Kochueva, K. Sabetova
Analysis of the functional capacity of the heart of cattle in terms of modern veterinary development makes it possible to predict myocardial abnormalities both in adult animals and in the young cattle obtained from them. The aim of the research was to study functional changes in the myocardium of young cattle with myocardiodystrophy of mother cows. The study was carried out under the conditions of Kostroma region. Two groups of young cattle of the Kostroma breed aged 14-21 days were formed: the 1st experimental group consisted of heifers from clinically healthy mother-cows (without myocardiodystrophy symptoms) (n=15), the 2nd experimental group consisted of heifers from mother-cows with myocardiodystrophy symptoms (n=5). ECG was recorded on a free-standing animal according to the method of modified leads using veterinary electrocardiograph "Poly-Spectr-8/V" (Russia). ECG was recorded in three standard leads - I, II, III, as well as in three enhanced leads from the limbs aVR, aVL, aVF. ECG was used to determine: duration (ms) of intervals P-Q, R-R, Q-T, QRS complex, increase in the duration of the P wave, position of ST segment relative to isoelectric line, orientation and amplitude/voltage of P, Q, R, S, T waves (mV), position of EOS. It was found that heifers obtained from mother-cows with symptoms of myocardiodystrophy had longer P wave, shorter P-Q, R-R intervals, more significant deviations in SP indices, voltages of P, Q, R, S, T waves in comparison with young cows from clinically healthy mothercows. Electrocardiodiagnostics of myocardial state of young animals obtained from mother-cows with symptoms of myocardiodystrophy reveals in heifers the signs of changes in the main myocardial functions - excitability, conductivity, contractility, manifested as reduced wave volts and prolongation of cardiogram intervals, characteristic for ischemic processes in the myocardium
从现代兽医发展的角度分析牛心脏的功能能力，可以预测成年动物和从它们身上获得的幼牛的心肌异常。本研究的目的是研究母牛心肌营养不良时幼牛心肌功能的变化。这项研究是在科斯特罗马地区的条件下进行的。将14-21日龄Kostroma品种的犊牛分为两组:第一组为临床健康奶牛(无心肌营养不良症状)的犊牛(n=15)，第二组为有心肌营养不良症状奶牛的犊牛(n=5)。采用俄罗斯“poly - spectre -8/V”兽用心电图仪，采用改良导联法记录独立动物心电图。心电图记录在三个标准导联- I, II, III，以及三个增强导联从四肢aVR, aVL, aVF。心电图测定:间隔P-Q、R-R、Q-T、QRS复合体的持续时间(ms)， P波持续时间的增加，ST段相对于等电线的位置，P、Q、R、S、T波的方向和幅值/电压(mV)， EOS的位置。结果发现，有心肌营养不良症状的母牛所生小母牛的P波较长，P-Q、R-R间隔较短，SP指数、P、Q、R、S、T波电压偏差较临床健康母牛明显。从有心肌营养不良症状的母牛身上获得的幼畜心肌状态的心电图诊断显示，母牛的心肌主要功能——兴奋性、电导率、收缩性发生了变化，表现为波伏降低和心电图间隔延长，这是心肌缺血过程的特征
{"title":"Electrocardiography of functional changes in the myocardium of young cattle with maternal myocardiodystrophy","authors":"N. Kochueva, K. Sabetova","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.167","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the functional capacity of the heart of cattle in terms of modern veterinary development makes it possible to predict myocardial abnormalities both in adult animals and in the young cattle obtained from them. The aim of the research was to study functional changes in the myocardium of young cattle with myocardiodystrophy of mother cows. The study was carried out under the conditions of Kostroma region. Two groups of young cattle of the Kostroma breed aged 14-21 days were formed: the 1st experimental group consisted of heifers from clinically healthy mother-cows (without myocardiodystrophy symptoms) (n=15), the 2nd experimental group consisted of heifers from mother-cows with myocardiodystrophy symptoms (n=5). ECG was recorded on a free-standing animal according to the method of modified leads using veterinary electrocardiograph \"Poly-Spectr-8/V\" (Russia). ECG was recorded in three standard leads - I, II, III, as well as in three enhanced leads from the limbs aVR, aVL, aVF. ECG was used to determine: duration (ms) of intervals P-Q, R-R, Q-T, QRS complex, increase in the duration of the P wave, position of ST segment relative to isoelectric line, orientation and amplitude/voltage of P, Q, R, S, T waves (mV), position of EOS. It was found that heifers obtained from mother-cows with symptoms of myocardiodystrophy had longer P wave, shorter P-Q, R-R intervals, more significant deviations in SP indices, voltages of P, Q, R, S, T waves in comparison with young cows from clinically healthy mothercows. Electrocardiodiagnostics of myocardial state of young animals obtained from mother-cows with symptoms of myocardiodystrophy reveals in heifers the signs of changes in the main myocardial functions - excitability, conductivity, contractility, manifested as reduced wave volts and prolongation of cardiogram intervals, characteristic for ischemic processes in the myocardium","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79156876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.175
V. S. Bolotova, N. Pasko, V. Mikhalev
The level of expression of genes of proinflammatory (IL-1α and IL-1β) and antiinflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the blood of cows was studied on 20 animals, divided according to the principle of analogues into two groups: the first group (n=10) - clinically healthy cows, the second one (n=10) - diagnosed with chronic endometritis. Diagnosis of chronic endometritis was carried out on the basis of the results of transrectal examination and echographic data obtained using a portable ultrasound scanner. The experiment included cows 60 or more days after calving. It has been found that the level of expression of IL-1α, IL-1β in cows with chronic endometritis is by 1.92 and 4.61 times higher, respectively, than in clinically healthy animals, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, on the contrary, is by 118.6 times lower. The dominance of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression over anti-inflammatory ones indicates the development of an inflammatory process in the uterus, which is confirmed by the results of histological studies of endometrial biopsy material. In clinically healthy animals, the integumentary epithelium is lined with cells of a prismatic or cubic shape, the endometrium is slightly infiltrated with neutrophils, lymphocytes and histiocytes. The uterine glands are presented in a significant amount, the glandular cells are integral, prismatic in shape. In the cows with chronic endometritis, desquamation of the integumentary epithelium was diagnosed, the cells of which in most cases are in a state of dystrophy and necrobiosis. The lumen of the uterine glands is narrowed, glandular cells are rejected into the lumen of the glands, which indicates a decrease in the functional activity of the organ. The endometrium looked edematous, abundantly infiltrated, predominantly with neutrophilic leukocytes and, to a lesser extent, with lymphoid cells, indicating the presence of inflammation in the uterine mucosa.
{"title":"Level of geneexpression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood ofcows with chronic endometritis","authors":"V. S. Bolotova, N. Pasko, V. Mikhalev","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.175","url":null,"abstract":"The level of expression of genes of proinflammatory (IL-1α and IL-1β) and antiinflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the blood of cows was studied on 20 animals, divided according to the principle of analogues into two groups: the first group (n=10) - clinically healthy cows, the second one (n=10) - diagnosed with chronic endometritis. Diagnosis of chronic endometritis was carried out on the basis of the results of transrectal examination and echographic data obtained using a portable ultrasound scanner. The experiment included cows 60 or more days after calving. It has been found that the level of expression of IL-1α, IL-1β in cows with chronic endometritis is by 1.92 and 4.61 times higher, respectively, than in clinically healthy animals, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, on the contrary, is by 118.6 times lower. The dominance of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression over anti-inflammatory ones indicates the development of an inflammatory process in the uterus, which is confirmed by the results of histological studies of endometrial biopsy material. In clinically healthy animals, the integumentary epithelium is lined with cells of a prismatic or cubic shape, the endometrium is slightly infiltrated with neutrophils, lymphocytes and histiocytes. The uterine glands are presented in a significant amount, the glandular cells are integral, prismatic in shape. In the cows with chronic endometritis, desquamation of the integumentary epithelium was diagnosed, the cells of which in most cases are in a state of dystrophy and necrobiosis. The lumen of the uterine glands is narrowed, glandular cells are rejected into the lumen of the glands, which indicates a decrease in the functional activity of the organ. The endometrium looked edematous, abundantly infiltrated, predominantly with neutrophilic leukocytes and, to a lesser extent, with lymphoid cells, indicating the presence of inflammation in the uterine mucosa.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79194190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.160
I. Nikulin, O. Popova
The characteristics of the state of the ecosystem of the Lipetsk Region are presented on the basis of official statistical reporting by the Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Lipetsk Region, the Lipetsk Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring - a branch of the Central Chernozem UGMS, the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Lipetsk Region. Environmental problems of the Lipetsk region are associated with pollution of atmospheric air,drinking water, soil, and food products by toxic substances. Sources of environmental pollution are ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry, motor vehicles, agricultural production, including livestock. Anthropogenic anomalies of the habitat are becoming one of the main causes of veterinary problems in modern animal husbandry. The purpose of the study: to assess the state of the ecosystem of the territory of the Lipetsk region, including monitoring of surface watercourses in the area of the city of Lipetsk: the rivers Matyra, Voronezh, Lipovka and the Matyr reservoir. For the analysis of water sources for heavy metal contamination with an atomic absorption spectrometer with electrothermal authorization "MGA-1000". Sampling of natural water was carried out according to GOST 17.1.5.05-85. The volume of the sample taken was 250 ml, the filtrate was preserved with nitric acid. Statistical processing of analytical data was carried out by conventional methods.Up to 90% of emissions of harmful substances from stationary and mobile sources of pollution are accumulated by soil, from where toxins migrate into water and plants. The content of zinc slightly exceeded the maximum permissible level in 35% of the selected samples, %, manganese - in 32% and aluminum - in 34% of the selected samples. So the highest content of iron and lead was recorded in the river. Voronezh and in the region of Lipetsk, exceeding the MPC by 1.5 times. To a lesser extent, increases in MPC r. Matyr and Matyr-sky reservoir.
利佩茨克地区生态系统状况的特点是根据利佩茨克地区Rospotrebnadzor办公室、利佩茨克水文气象和环境监测中心(中央Chernozem UGMS的一个分支)、利佩茨克地区生态和自然资源部的官方统计报告提出的。利佩茨克地区的环境问题与有毒物质对大气、饮用水、土壤和食品的污染有关。环境污染源为黑色金属、冶金、化工、机动车、农业生产，包括畜牧业。生境的人为异常已成为现代畜牧业兽医问题的主要原因之一。这项研究的目的是:评估利佩茨克地区境内的生态系统状况，包括监测利佩茨克市地区的地表水河道:马提拉河、沃罗涅日河、利波夫卡河和马提尔水库。用电热授权“MGA-1000”原子吸收光谱仪分析水源中的重金属污染。根据GOST 17.1.5.05-85对天然水进行取样。取样品体积为250 ml，滤液用硝酸保存。采用常规方法对分析数据进行统计处理。固定和移动污染源排放的有害物质中，高达90%是由土壤积累的，毒素从土壤迁移到水和植物中。在选定的样品中，35%的锌含量略高于允许的最高水平，%，32%的锰和34%的铝含量略高于允许的最高水平。因此，这条河里的铁和铅的含量是最高的。沃罗涅日和利佩茨克地区，超过MPC的1.5倍。在较小程度上，MPC r. Matyr和Matyr-sky油藏增加。
{"title":"Assessment of the state of the ecosystem of the Lipetsk region","authors":"I. Nikulin, O. Popova","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.160","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of the state of the ecosystem of the Lipetsk Region are presented on the basis of official statistical reporting by the Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Lipetsk Region, the Lipetsk Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring - a branch of the Central Chernozem UGMS, the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Lipetsk Region. Environmental problems of the Lipetsk region are associated with pollution of atmospheric air,drinking water, soil, and food products by toxic substances. Sources of environmental pollution are ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry, motor vehicles, agricultural production, including livestock. Anthropogenic anomalies of the habitat are becoming one of the main causes of veterinary problems in modern animal husbandry. The purpose of the study: to assess the state of the ecosystem of the territory of the Lipetsk region, including monitoring of surface watercourses in the area of the city of Lipetsk: the rivers Matyra, Voronezh, Lipovka and the Matyr reservoir. For the analysis of water sources for heavy metal contamination with an atomic absorption spectrometer with electrothermal authorization \"MGA-1000\". Sampling of natural water was carried out according to GOST 17.1.5.05-85. The volume of the sample taken was 250 ml, the filtrate was preserved with nitric acid. Statistical processing of analytical data was carried out by conventional methods.Up to 90% of emissions of harmful substances from stationary and mobile sources of pollution are accumulated by soil, from where toxins migrate into water and plants. The content of zinc slightly exceeded the maximum permissible level in 35% of the selected samples, %, manganese - in 32% and aluminum - in 34% of the selected samples. So the highest content of iron and lead was recorded in the river. Voronezh and in the region of Lipetsk, exceeding the MPC by 1.5 times. To a lesser extent, increases in MPC r. Matyr and Matyr-sky reservoir.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"146 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91547135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.154
A. Y. Batrakov, V. Videnin
The main etiological factors for the occurrence of limb diseases in cows were unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions. At the same time, the incidence of cows with mastitis was 22.8-28.6%. Antiseptics and disinfectants used for the treatment and prevention of such diseases are not effective enough. The purpose of this work was to identify the role and effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants of a new generation in the conditions of livestock complexes for the production of milk, as well as during operations on small animals in clinics in St. Petersburg.
{"title":"New generation antiseptics and disinfectants for the prevention and treatment of diseases in animals","authors":"A. Y. Batrakov, V. Videnin","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.154","url":null,"abstract":"The main etiological factors for the occurrence of limb diseases in cows were unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions. At the same time, the incidence of cows with mastitis was 22.8-28.6%. Antiseptics and disinfectants used for the treatment and prevention of such diseases are not effective enough. The purpose of this work was to identify the role and effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants of a new generation in the conditions of livestock complexes for the production of milk, as well as during operations on small animals in clinics in St. Petersburg.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88898106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.219
T. Ushakova
Malnutrition syndrome is widespread in veterinary gastroenterological practice, since most pathologies of the digestive system are accompanied by the development of maldigestion and malabsorption in the intestinal mucosa and the development of a disorder in the subsequent transport of nutrient substrates, detrimental to animal health.Studies have been conducted to study the relationship of the morphofunctional state of the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal systems in dogs with chronic gastroduodenitis with malnutrition syndrome. Scientific research was carried out during 2022 at the Donskoy State Agrarian University and at the Bely Klyk veterinary clinic (Novocherkassk) as part of a project on scientific research topics included in the scientific work plans of scientific organizations and educational institutions of higher education that carry out scientific research at the expense of federal budget "Development of a comprehensive algorithm for diagnosing and correcting disorders of the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal systems in dogs with malnutrition" (state registration number 122030200112-4). It was revealed that malnutrition syndrome is widespread in gastroduodenal pathology in dogs, causing weight loss, development of metabolic disorders and worsening the prognosis of the underlying disease. As a result of biochemical studies of the blood of sick animals with chronic gastroduodenitis with malnutrition syndrome, a disorder of proteinenergy and water-electrolyte metabolism, as well as liver dysfunction with the development of oxidative stress of hepatocytes, was established. The presence of a relationship between the level of morphofunctional disorders of the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal systems in chronic gastroduodenitis in dogs, accompanied by a violation of the absorption and digestion of nutrient substrates in the intestinal mucosa, was revealed. The results obtained in the framework of this study increase the usefulness of the examination of animals and the validity of the clinical diagnosis, as well as form promising directions for the scientific search for more effective means of preventing and treating gastrointestinal diseases.
{"title":"Relationship of indicators of morphofunctional disorders of the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal systems in dogs with chronic gastroduodenitis with malanutriation syndrome","authors":"T. Ushakova","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.219","url":null,"abstract":"Malnutrition syndrome is widespread in veterinary gastroenterological practice, since most pathologies of the digestive system are accompanied by the development of maldigestion and malabsorption in the intestinal mucosa and the development of a disorder in the subsequent transport of nutrient substrates, detrimental to animal health.Studies have been conducted to study the relationship of the morphofunctional state of the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal systems in dogs with chronic gastroduodenitis with malnutrition syndrome. Scientific research was carried out during 2022 at the Donskoy State Agrarian University and at the Bely Klyk veterinary clinic (Novocherkassk) as part of a project on scientific research topics included in the scientific work plans of scientific organizations and educational institutions of higher education that carry out scientific research at the expense of federal budget \"Development of a comprehensive algorithm for diagnosing and correcting disorders of the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal systems in dogs with malnutrition\" (state registration number 122030200112-4). It was revealed that malnutrition syndrome is widespread in gastroduodenal pathology in dogs, causing weight loss, development of metabolic disorders and worsening the prognosis of the underlying disease. As a result of biochemical studies of the blood of sick animals with chronic gastroduodenitis with malnutrition syndrome, a disorder of proteinenergy and water-electrolyte metabolism, as well as liver dysfunction with the development of oxidative stress of hepatocytes, was established. The presence of a relationship between the level of morphofunctional disorders of the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal systems in chronic gastroduodenitis in dogs, accompanied by a violation of the absorption and digestion of nutrient substrates in the intestinal mucosa, was revealed. The results obtained in the framework of this study increase the usefulness of the examination of animals and the validity of the clinical diagnosis, as well as form promising directions for the scientific search for more effective means of preventing and treating gastrointestinal diseases.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74119431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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