Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.244
S. Glushonok, N. Zelenevsky
Taking into account the diet of the common hedgehog, we were faced with the question of the features of the structure of the chewing apparatus of the common hedge-hogs. We decided to study and establish anatomical, topographic and morphometric features of the structure of the lower jaw in the common hedgehog. The purpose of our study is to study the anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the lower jaw of the common hedgehog associated with the type of nutrition, as well as to establish morphometric data of the mandibular apparatus. To study the anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the mandibular bone of this individual, five corpses of the common hedgehog from the forestry of the Leningrad region were obtained. All representatives of this species were sexually mature. As a result of our research, we have established anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the lower jaw of the common hedgehog associated with the type of nutrition, and also determined the morphometric data of the mandibular apparatus. According to the results of the study, we came to the conclusion that the common hedgehog has a very powerful and well-developed lower jaw, which consists of a body and a branch. The root part of the mandibular bone is 2.10 times longer than the incisor part, and they are almost equal in width. This fact indicates the compression power of both incisor and molar teeth during biting and chewing solid food. On the incisor part there are incisor teeth in the amount of four pieces, on the root part of the body there are molars and premolars in the form of molars and premolars with a total of four pieces. Thanks to this, hedgehogs are able to easily grab food lying on the surface of the earth and chew thoroughly. The branch of the lower jaw has well-developed processes, thanks to which strong joints are formed and muscles are securely attached during the act of chewing. On the lateral surface of the lower jaw branch there is a well-defined depression that forms the pit of the large masticatory muscle, this certainly indicates the presence of highly developed masticatory muscles in this animal.
{"title":"Features of the structure of the lower jaw of the common hedgehog in connection with their type of nutrition","authors":"S. Glushonok, N. Zelenevsky","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.244","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account the diet of the common hedgehog, we were faced with the question of the features of the structure of the chewing apparatus of the common hedge-hogs. We decided to study and establish anatomical, topographic and morphometric features of the structure of the lower jaw in the common hedgehog. The purpose of our study is to study the anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the lower jaw of the common hedgehog associated with the type of nutrition, as well as to establish morphometric data of the mandibular apparatus. To study the anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the mandibular bone of this individual, five corpses of the common hedgehog from the forestry of the Leningrad region were obtained. All representatives of this species were sexually mature. As a result of our research, we have established anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the lower jaw of the common hedgehog associated with the type of nutrition, and also determined the morphometric data of the mandibular apparatus. According to the results of the study, we came to the conclusion that the common hedgehog has a very powerful and well-developed lower jaw, which consists of a body and a branch. The root part of the mandibular bone is 2.10 times longer than the incisor part, and they are almost equal in width. This fact indicates the compression power of both incisor and molar teeth during biting and chewing solid food. On the incisor part there are incisor teeth in the amount of four pieces, on the root part of the body there are molars and premolars in the form of molars and premolars with a total of four pieces. Thanks to this, hedgehogs are able to easily grab food lying on the surface of the earth and chew thoroughly. The branch of the lower jaw has well-developed processes, thanks to which strong joints are formed and muscles are securely attached during the act of chewing. On the lateral surface of the lower jaw branch there is a well-defined depression that forms the pit of the large masticatory muscle, this certainly indicates the presence of highly developed masticatory muscles in this animal.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"161 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.227
О. А. Voronina, S. Y. Zaitsev
The tactics of periodic monitoring of the hematology of sows allows timely measures to prevent anemia, which inevitably occurs, since the targeted screening and selection of industrial breeds are aimed at multiple births, which increases the risks of anemia during pregnancy and suckling period. With periodic and constant monitoring, it is possible to deduce individual reference intervals of hematological indicators for a particular animal and control the response to compensatory measures that directly affects the yield of viable piglets and their survival rate. The purpose of this study was to study the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin level, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells and erythrocyte indices depending on the production cycle of the sow. The groups were formed from sows on the 80th day of pregnancy (group 1, n=5), after farrowing (group 2, n=5) and before weaning piglets (group 3, n=5). The Vet ABCTM analyzer (Horiba Medical Poland) was used. Counting of reticulocytes by “supravital staining” with a solution of “brilliant cresyl blue”. Statistical processing in the Microsoft Excel program (Data Analysis package), evaluation of the reliability of differences based on the Mann—Whitney U criterion. As a result, it was found that the average volume of red blood cells increases with a decrease in their number and hemoglobin concentration, which is quite natural and indicates a regenerative response with the appearance of reticulocytes in the blood. The correlation coefficient between erythrocytes and the average volume of erythrocytes was r=-0.53 (r2=0.28, p=0.01), between the average volume of erythrocytes and reticulocytes r=-0.50 (r2=0.25, p=0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups in reticulocytes and the average volume of erythrocytes. The dynamics and intensity of regeneration are moderate in all three groups.
对母猪血液学进行定期监测的策略可以及时采取措施预防贫血的发生，因为工业化品种的定向筛选和选育是以多胎为目标的，这增加了怀孕和哺乳期贫血的风险。通过定期和持续监测，可以推断出特定动物血液指标的个体参考区间，并控制对补偿措施的反应，这直接影响到存活仔猪的产量和存活率。本研究的目的是根据母猪的生产周期，研究红细胞数量、血红蛋白水平、血细胞比容、红细胞平均体积和红细胞指数。各组分别由妊娠第 80 天（第 1 组，n=5）、产仔后（第 2 组，n=5）和仔猪断奶前（第 3 组，n=5）的母猪组成。使用的是 Vet ABCTM 分析仪（Horiba Medical Poland）。用 "亮甲酚蓝 "溶液对网状细胞进行 "上浮染色 "计数。用 Microsoft Excel 程序（数据分析软件包）进行统计处理，根据 Mann-Whitney U 标准评估差异的可靠性。结果发现，红细胞的平均体积随着红细胞数量和血红蛋白浓度的减少而增加，这是很自然的现象，表明血液中出现网状细胞后会产生再生反应。红细胞与红细胞平均体积之间的相关系数为 r=-0.53 （r2=0.28，p=0.01），红细胞平均体积与网织红细胞之间的相关系数为 r=-0.50 （r2=0.25，p=0.05）。各组间网织红细胞和红细胞平均体积无明显差异。三组的再生动态和强度均适中。
{"title":"Characteristics of erythropoiesis in sows during different periods of the production cycle","authors":"О. А. Voronina, S. Y. Zaitsev","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.227","url":null,"abstract":"The tactics of periodic monitoring of the hematology of sows allows timely measures to prevent anemia, which inevitably occurs, since the targeted screening and selection of industrial breeds are aimed at multiple births, which increases the risks of anemia during pregnancy and suckling period. With periodic and constant monitoring, it is possible to deduce individual reference intervals of hematological indicators for a particular animal and control the response to compensatory measures that directly affects the yield of viable piglets and their survival rate. The purpose of this study was to study the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin level, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells and erythrocyte indices depending on the production cycle of the sow. The groups were formed from sows on the 80th day of pregnancy (group 1, n=5), after farrowing (group 2, n=5) and before weaning piglets (group 3, n=5). The Vet ABCTM analyzer (Horiba Medical Poland) was used. Counting of reticulocytes by “supravital staining” with a solution of “brilliant cresyl blue”. Statistical processing in the Microsoft Excel program (Data Analysis package), evaluation of the reliability of differences based on the Mann—Whitney U criterion. As a result, it was found that the average volume of red blood cells increases with a decrease in their number and hemoglobin concentration, which is quite natural and indicates a regenerative response with the appearance of reticulocytes in the blood. The correlation coefficient between erythrocytes and the average volume of erythrocytes was r=-0.53 (r2=0.28, p=0.01), between the average volume of erythrocytes and reticulocytes r=-0.50 (r2=0.25, p=0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups in reticulocytes and the average volume of erythrocytes. The dynamics and intensity of regeneration are moderate in all three groups.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.213
A. I. Polyanskaya, M. Shchipakin
The development of the agro–industrial complex of the Russian Federation is one of the priorities in agriculture. Pig breeding is one of the most profitable branches of animal husbandry. This is due to the fact that pigs have a number of biological features that are successfully used to produce products (pork, bacon, bacon). With the intensification of pig breeding, special attention is paid to scientific approaches to improving pig feeding. In this regard, we set ourselves the goal of the study – to study the arterial vascularization of the stomach in Yorkshire piglets and to determine the morphometric data of the organ at the stages of postnatal ontogenesis. The study was conducted at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. Cadaver material for the study was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine from the Idavang Agro pig breeding complex in Nurma village, Tosnensky district of the Leningrad Region. The study was conducted in three age groups, according to the periodization of the life of pigs. To achieve this task, traditional morphological research methods were used, namely: fine anatomical dissection, photographing, vasorentgenography with morphometry in the "RadiAnt" program. During the study, it was found that arterial gastric vascularization in Yorkshire piglets at the stages of postnatal ontogenesis is carried out due to the hepatic and splenic arteries, which are branches of the abdominal artery. The branches of the arteries of the first order branch in a loose type. When conducting a comparative analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the hepatic and splenic arteries and their branches, we came to the conclusion that the diameter of the hepatic artery will prevail over the splenic, and their branches of the first order are diametrically opposed to each other.
{"title":"Blood supply to the stomach of Yorkshire pigs at the stages of postnatal ontogenesis","authors":"A. I. Polyanskaya, M. Shchipakin","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.213","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the agro–industrial complex of the Russian Federation is one of the priorities in agriculture. Pig breeding is one of the most profitable branches of animal husbandry. This is due to the fact that pigs have a number of biological features that are successfully used to produce products (pork, bacon, bacon). With the intensification of pig breeding, special attention is paid to scientific approaches to improving pig feeding. In this regard, we set ourselves the goal of the study – to study the arterial vascularization of the stomach in Yorkshire piglets and to determine the morphometric data of the organ at the stages of postnatal ontogenesis. The study was conducted at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. Cadaver material for the study was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine from the Idavang Agro pig breeding complex in Nurma village, Tosnensky district of the Leningrad Region. The study was conducted in three age groups, according to the periodization of the life of pigs. To achieve this task, traditional morphological research methods were used, namely: fine anatomical dissection, photographing, vasorentgenography with morphometry in the \"RadiAnt\" program. During the study, it was found that arterial gastric vascularization in Yorkshire piglets at the stages of postnatal ontogenesis is carried out due to the hepatic and splenic arteries, which are branches of the abdominal artery. The branches of the arteries of the first order branch in a loose type. When conducting a comparative analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the hepatic and splenic arteries and their branches, we came to the conclusion that the diameter of the hepatic artery will prevail over the splenic, and their branches of the first order are diametrically opposed to each other.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.236
L. Karpenko, N. A. Sidorova, P. A. Polistovskaya, A. Bakhta, A. I. Savushkin, O. O. Babich, S. A. Sukhikh, I. N. Nikonov
Rainbow trout (Parasalmo mykiss) is a promising type of aquaculture with one of the largest production potentials in Russia. The Republic of Karelia currently holds a leading position in cage trout farming, supplying more than 80% of commercial trout produced in the Russian Federation to the domestic market. Increasing the output of aquaculture products is an important condition for supporting Russia's food security and ensuring the socio-economic development of the regions. Given the rate of spread of diseases in trout, the rapid change of phases of the immune response in fish, as well as the location of farms in sparsely populated remote areas, research remains particularly relevant on the search for sensitive molecular methods of rapid diagnosis that identify the pathogen in the early stages of the infectious process to develop rational treatment and prevention tactics. The purpose of the presented study was to monitor the condition of rainbow trout in ontogenesis based on hematological studies. During the study, significant (P<0.05) differences were noted in the number of red blood cells and the total number of white blood cells (TLC), depending on the sex of the fish. In addition, clearly distinguishable morphometric features were also seen among erythrocytes, leukocytes (lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes) and platelets. Thus, during the monitoring of the physiological state of rainbow trout in aquaculture conditions, it was found that the condition of the fish body worsens with age, which affects the morphological parameters of the blood. The hemoglobin content varied widely. A decrease in its concentration indicates acute blood loss and hemolytic anemia. The results obtained are the basis for the development of new promising natural adaptogens that normalize the physiological state of fish and ensure the production of biosafety trout products.
{"title":"Analysis of the age dynamics of morphological parameters of rainbow trout blood in aquaculture conditions","authors":"L. Karpenko, N. A. Sidorova, P. A. Polistovskaya, A. Bakhta, A. I. Savushkin, O. O. Babich, S. A. Sukhikh, I. N. Nikonov","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.236","url":null,"abstract":"Rainbow trout (Parasalmo mykiss) is a promising type of aquaculture with one of the largest production potentials in Russia. The Republic of Karelia currently holds a leading position in cage trout farming, supplying more than 80% of commercial trout produced in the Russian Federation to the domestic market. Increasing the output of aquaculture products is an important condition for supporting Russia's food security and ensuring the socio-economic development of the regions. Given the rate of spread of diseases in trout, the rapid change of phases of the immune response in fish, as well as the location of farms in sparsely populated remote areas, research remains particularly relevant on the search for sensitive molecular methods of rapid diagnosis that identify the pathogen in the early stages of the infectious process to develop rational treatment and prevention tactics. The purpose of the presented study was to monitor the condition of rainbow trout in ontogenesis based on hematological studies. During the study, significant (P<0.05) differences were noted in the number of red blood cells and the total number of white blood cells (TLC), depending on the sex of the fish. In addition, clearly distinguishable morphometric features were also seen among erythrocytes, leukocytes (lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes) and platelets. Thus, during the monitoring of the physiological state of rainbow trout in aquaculture conditions, it was found that the condition of the fish body worsens with age, which affects the morphological parameters of the blood. The hemoglobin content varied widely. A decrease in its concentration indicates acute blood loss and hemolytic anemia. The results obtained are the basis for the development of new promising natural adaptogens that normalize the physiological state of fish and ensure the production of biosafety trout products.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"194 1‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.154
O. Popova, V. S. Ponamarev, A. Kostrova, L. Agafonova
Hepatotoxicants are a variety of chemical substances that can have organ-specific damaging effects, which may be the result of their direct effects on both hepatocytes and other structural units of the liver. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of modern hepatotoxicants on caffeine elimination. The studies were carried out in the vivarium of the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of St. Petersburg State University of Medicine. Industrial substances of different chemical groups have been used to induce hepatotoxic conditions: phthalic anhydride, ethylenediamine and chloroform. All of the above toxicants were given in dosages for the immediate (within 24 hours) induction of hepatotoxic conditions. One day after the completion of the simulation, the levels of caffeine in the blood serum of the experimental animals were determined in full accordance with the previous series of experiments, using a dosage of 100 mg/kg, since with this dosage regimen we identified the most stable pharmacokinetic profiles of caffeine. Mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the STATISTICA 6.1 program. The arithmetic mean (M) and its mean error (m) were calculated; the significance of the difference (p) was not calculated using the Student's test due to the exploratory nature of the study and the lack of comparison groups. Based on the conducted research, we can conclude that each hepatotoxicant has individual characteristic characteristics, which allows us to recommend a caffeine test for different types of hepatotoxicity, incl. unexpressed. That is, in this way it is possible to diagnose hepatotoxic conditions even in a latent form, which can be used as a method for assessing the toxicity of a drug at the stage of preclinical development.
{"title":"The effect of modern hepatotoxicants on the elimination of caffeine","authors":"O. Popova, V. S. Ponamarev, A. Kostrova, L. Agafonova","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.154","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatotoxicants are a variety of chemical substances that can have organ-specific damaging effects, which may be the result of their direct effects on both hepatocytes and other structural units of the liver. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of modern hepatotoxicants on caffeine elimination. The studies were carried out in the vivarium of the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of St. Petersburg State University of Medicine. Industrial substances of different chemical groups have been used to induce hepatotoxic conditions: phthalic anhydride, ethylenediamine and chloroform. All of the above toxicants were given in dosages for the immediate (within 24 hours) induction of hepatotoxic conditions. One day after the completion of the simulation, the levels of caffeine in the blood serum of the experimental animals were determined in full accordance with the previous series of experiments, using a dosage of 100 mg/kg, since with this dosage regimen we identified the most stable pharmacokinetic profiles of caffeine. Mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the STATISTICA 6.1 program. The arithmetic mean (M) and its mean error (m) were calculated; the significance of the difference (p) was not calculated using the Student's test due to the exploratory nature of the study and the lack of comparison groups. Based on the conducted research, we can conclude that each hepatotoxicant has individual characteristic characteristics, which allows us to recommend a caffeine test for different types of hepatotoxicity, incl. unexpressed. That is, in this way it is possible to diagnose hepatotoxic conditions even in a latent form, which can be used as a method for assessing the toxicity of a drug at the stage of preclinical development.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"15 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138977116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.186
A. Tokarev, O. A. Tokareva
The purpose of the research is to study the effectiveness of the drug ExpressTabs tested on dogs infected with helminths. The drug contains spinosad, praziquantel and moxidectin as active ingredients. Animals of mixed breeds of both sexes aged from 7 months to 2 years were selected for the experiments. Experimental and control groups of dogs with toxocariasis, toxascariasis and dipylidiasis were formed. ExpressTabs was administered to dogs individually, once, orally in a mixture with food or immediately after feeding (on the root of the tongue or with a treat) in a minimum dose of 30 mg of spinosad, 0.2 mg of moxidectin and 5 mg of praziquantel per 1 kg of animal weight. Animals in the control groups were not given tablets. A control examination in the case of dipylidiasis was carried out on the second day then if the animal continued to remain in the hospital once a week. For toxocariasis and toxascariasis fecal examination was carried out on day 7 then on days 14, 21 and 28. The drug ExpressTabs showed high (100%) effectiveness in the treatment of dogs with toxocariasis, toxaccariasis and dipylidiasis. In one animal re-infection with toxocariasis was observed because helminth eggs were again detected on day 28 in the control study. Taking into account the development cycle of parasites it is obvious that re-infection occurred no later than a week after the experimental deworming with ExpressTabs. At recommended doses the drug did not cause unwanted side effects.
{"title":"The anthelmintic efficacy of the drug Expresstabs in helminthiasis of dogs","authors":"A. Tokarev, O. A. Tokareva","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.186","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to study the effectiveness of the drug ExpressTabs tested on dogs infected with helminths. The drug contains spinosad, praziquantel and moxidectin as active ingredients. Animals of mixed breeds of both sexes aged from 7 months to 2 years were selected for the experiments. Experimental and control groups of dogs with toxocariasis, toxascariasis and dipylidiasis were formed. ExpressTabs was administered to dogs individually, once, orally in a mixture with food or immediately after feeding (on the root of the tongue or with a treat) in a minimum dose of 30 mg of spinosad, 0.2 mg of moxidectin and 5 mg of praziquantel per 1 kg of animal weight. Animals in the control groups were not given tablets. A control examination in the case of dipylidiasis was carried out on the second day then if the animal continued to remain in the hospital once a week. For toxocariasis and toxascariasis fecal examination was carried out on day 7 then on days 14, 21 and 28. The drug ExpressTabs showed high (100%) effectiveness in the treatment of dogs with toxocariasis, toxaccariasis and dipylidiasis. In one animal re-infection with toxocariasis was observed because helminth eggs were again detected on day 28 in the control study. Taking into account the development cycle of parasites it is obvious that re-infection occurred no later than a week after the experimental deworming with ExpressTabs. At recommended doses the drug did not cause unwanted side effects.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"23 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.206
P. S. Zhmurkina, M. V. Budovich, A. A. Karpenko, T. Kalyuzhnaya, D. Orlova
Ant-decapitating flies (lat. Megaselia scalaris (Loew)) is a quarantine object in the Russian Federation and is included in the Single list of quarantine objects of the Eurasian Economic Union, approved by the of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated 30.11.2016 No. 158, because it is a vector of dangerous diseases that cause great economic damage. The range covers large areas of North America, Africa, southern Europe, Australia, Southeast Asia, as well as the European part of Russia, namely the Southern Federal District and the Republic of Crimea. The list of regulated products subject to research to identify M. scalaris (Loew) is very extensive, and accurate identification to species of the received samples by entomological method by morphological features of copulatory organs is very labor-intensive and not accurate. Therefore, methods of molecular diagnostics were developed for identification, namely, comparison of the studied nucleotide sequence with the reference one using NCBI database and determination of genetic distances. The studies were carried out on the basis of the Department of Molecular Research of the North-West Testing Laboratory of FGBU «ARRIAH». Six samples of the genus Megaselia were used in this work. At the first stage, DNA was isolated using DNA-Extran 2 kits. Then genetic markers were obtained by classical PCR with subsequent detection by electrophoresis using the T100 Thermal Cycler, sequenced on a 3500 Genetic Analyzer. Identification was performed by comparing the obtained sequence in BioEdit program using NCBI database and by calculating genetic distances using two-parameter Kimura model and Tajima-Nei model. The study revealed advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods of molecular identification.
{"title":"On the identification of the omnivorous humpback fly Megaselia scalaris (Loew)","authors":"P. S. Zhmurkina, M. V. Budovich, A. A. Karpenko, T. Kalyuzhnaya, D. Orlova","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.206","url":null,"abstract":"Ant-decapitating flies (lat. Megaselia scalaris (Loew)) is a quarantine object in the Russian Federation and is included in the Single list of quarantine objects of the Eurasian Economic Union, approved by the of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated 30.11.2016 No. 158, because it is a vector of dangerous diseases that cause great economic damage. The range covers large areas of North America, Africa, southern Europe, Australia, Southeast Asia, as well as the European part of Russia, namely the Southern Federal District and the Republic of Crimea. The list of regulated products subject to research to identify M. scalaris (Loew) is very extensive, and accurate identification to species of the received samples by entomological method by morphological features of copulatory organs is very labor-intensive and not accurate. Therefore, methods of molecular diagnostics were developed for identification, namely, comparison of the studied nucleotide sequence with the reference one using NCBI database and determination of genetic distances. The studies were carried out on the basis of the Department of Molecular Research of the North-West Testing Laboratory of FGBU «ARRIAH». Six samples of the genus Megaselia were used in this work. At the first stage, DNA was isolated using DNA-Extran 2 kits. Then genetic markers were obtained by classical PCR with subsequent detection by electrophoresis using the T100 Thermal Cycler, sequenced on a 3500 Genetic Analyzer. Identification was performed by comparing the obtained sequence in BioEdit program using NCBI database and by calculating genetic distances using two-parameter Kimura model and Tajima-Nei model. The study revealed advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods of molecular identification.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.197
K. S. Nechitailo, E. A. Sizova, K. V. Ryazantseva, O. Kvan
Poultry farming is one of the most important and promising branches of animal husbandry. Given the increasing rate of industrial poultry farming, for the stable development of the industry and improving competitiveness in world markets, more and more attention is paid to the search for safe alternative agents to increase productivity. The study examined the strategy of feeding substances of different nature as feed additives, in particular, enzyme complexes separately (group I (0,05%; endo-1,4-beta-xylanase - 4000 units/g, alpha-amylase - 400 units/g and subtilisin - 8000 units/g)) and in combination with ultradispersed zinc (group II (3 mg/kg; 164±31,2 nm)). It was found that in group I the digestibility ratios of crude protein were higher by 6.03 % (P≤0.05), crude fiber by 3.68 % (P≤0.05), nitrogen-free extractive substances by 2.39 % (P≤0.05) compared to control. At the same time, in group II, changes were recorded in crude protein and crude fiber - an increase of 6.51% (P≤0.01) and 7.59% (P≤0.05), respectively. At 42 days of age, the live weight of broiler chickens I was 10.1% higher than control (P≤0.05), and in group II by 11.32% (P≤0.01). At the same time, the cost of feed per 1 kg of growth was minimal in group II, 16.79% lower than the control values. Thus, the maximum productive effect was observed with the introduction of a complex enzyme supplement in combination with zinc in ultradispersed form.
{"title":"The effect of an enzyme additive in combination with zinc in an ultrafine form on the productive performance of broiler chickens","authors":"K. S. Nechitailo, E. A. Sizova, K. V. Ryazantseva, O. Kvan","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.197","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry farming is one of the most important and promising branches of animal husbandry. Given the increasing rate of industrial poultry farming, for the stable development of the industry and improving competitiveness in world markets, more and more attention is paid to the search for safe alternative agents to increase productivity. The study examined the strategy of feeding substances of different nature as feed additives, in particular, enzyme complexes separately (group I (0,05%; endo-1,4-beta-xylanase - 4000 units/g, alpha-amylase - 400 units/g and subtilisin - 8000 units/g)) and in combination with ultradispersed zinc (group II (3 mg/kg; 164±31,2 nm)). It was found that in group I the digestibility ratios of crude protein were higher by 6.03 % (P≤0.05), crude fiber by 3.68 % (P≤0.05), nitrogen-free extractive substances by 2.39 % (P≤0.05) compared to control. At the same time, in group II, changes were recorded in crude protein and crude fiber - an increase of 6.51% (P≤0.01) and 7.59% (P≤0.05), respectively. At 42 days of age, the live weight of broiler chickens I was 10.1% higher than control (P≤0.05), and in group II by 11.32% (P≤0.01). At the same time, the cost of feed per 1 kg of growth was minimal in group II, 16.79% lower than the control values. Thus, the maximum productive effect was observed with the introduction of a complex enzyme supplement in combination with zinc in ultradispersed form.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"19 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.173
A. V. Filatov, A. V. Minin
The use of large doses of oxytocin to sows in the early postpartum period is indicated to normalize lactogenesis, increase immune proteins in colostrum and transitional milk, prevent postpartum complications, and increase the viability of the offspring. However, the effect of these doses of myotropic drug on the contractile activity of the uterus is not shown. The aim of the work was to study the contractile function of the uterus of highly productive sows in the early postpartum period and the peculiarities of its reaction to supraphysiological doses of oxytocin. Scientific and production experience was carried out on the basis of a large pig breeding complex. The object of the study was highly productive sows 16 hours after the completion of normal labor. The hormonal drug oxytocin was administered intra-muscularly to animals at a supraphysiological dose of 75 units. Hysterograms of uterine contractions were recorded by internal hysterography before and immediately after administration of the myotropic drug, as well as one hour after injection. On hysterograms, spontaneous contractile activity of the uterus in highly productive sows was characterized by regular, short-term contractions of the optimal amplitude. Activation of the contractile function of the myometrium occurs 5-7 minutes after injection of the drug. After administration of oxytocin, an increase in the amplitude of contraction of uterine smooth muscle cells was noted by 39.17% (p<0.05), while a longer period of contractions was recorded by 31.64%. The frequency of uterine contractions increased 2.0 times (p<0.01). The contract index was significantly 3.66 times (p<0.05) higher than that in relation to the initial level. After 1 hour after oxytocin administration, an increase in the contraction period by 5.42% was noted, with a decrease in amplitude by 37.87% (p<0.01) and the number of contractions by 49.91% (p<0.01), the contractional index decreased by 3.05 times (p<0.01) relative to the previous level. In relation to the initial level, the contract index was 20.0% higher. At the same time, an increase in the duration of contractions by 38.78% and a decrease in their amplitude by 13.53% were noted. Consequently, oxytocin at a dose of 75 ME not violate the contractile ability of the myometrium. The response of the smooth muscle cells of the uterus to the supraphysiological dose of oxytocin is maximally manifested in the first hour after the administration of the myotropic drug.
{"title":"Indicators of uterine contractile activity in highly productive sows using supraphysiological doses of oxytocin","authors":"A. V. Filatov, A. V. Minin","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.173","url":null,"abstract":"The use of large doses of oxytocin to sows in the early postpartum period is indicated to normalize lactogenesis, increase immune proteins in colostrum and transitional milk, prevent postpartum complications, and increase the viability of the offspring. However, the effect of these doses of myotropic drug on the contractile activity of the uterus is not shown. The aim of the work was to study the contractile function of the uterus of highly productive sows in the early postpartum period and the peculiarities of its reaction to supraphysiological doses of oxytocin. Scientific and production experience was carried out on the basis of a large pig breeding complex. The object of the study was highly productive sows 16 hours after the completion of normal labor. The hormonal drug oxytocin was administered intra-muscularly to animals at a supraphysiological dose of 75 units. Hysterograms of uterine contractions were recorded by internal hysterography before and immediately after administration of the myotropic drug, as well as one hour after injection. On hysterograms, spontaneous contractile activity of the uterus in highly productive sows was characterized by regular, short-term contractions of the optimal amplitude. Activation of the contractile function of the myometrium occurs 5-7 minutes after injection of the drug. After administration of oxytocin, an increase in the amplitude of contraction of uterine smooth muscle cells was noted by 39.17% (p<0.05), while a longer period of contractions was recorded by 31.64%. The frequency of uterine contractions increased 2.0 times (p<0.01). The contract index was significantly 3.66 times (p<0.05) higher than that in relation to the initial level. After 1 hour after oxytocin administration, an increase in the contraction period by 5.42% was noted, with a decrease in amplitude by 37.87% (p<0.01) and the number of contractions by 49.91% (p<0.01), the contractional index decreased by 3.05 times (p<0.01) relative to the previous level. In relation to the initial level, the contract index was 20.0% higher. At the same time, an increase in the duration of contractions by 38.78% and a decrease in their amplitude by 13.53% were noted. Consequently, oxytocin at a dose of 75 ME not violate the contractile ability of the myometrium. The response of the smooth muscle cells of the uterus to the supraphysiological dose of oxytocin is maximally manifested in the first hour after the administration of the myotropic drug.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.161
G. Vostroilova, N. Khokhlova, E. Mikhailov, D. I. Shabanov, A. Korchagina, A. V. Nekrasov, B. Shabunin
Violation of the functioning of the organs of the immune system, both in humans and in animals, is due to the influence of unfavorable factors of natural and anthropogenic origin on the body, as well as infectious diseases of various etiologies. The article discusses changes in the architectonics of parenchymal organs of white laboratory rats after exposure to the drug interferon lambda on the background of cyclophosphamide (CF). It was found that modeling of immunosuppression through the use of CF led to a decrease in the number of lymphoid cells and the appearance of foci of accumulation of blast cells and megakaryocytes, which indicates a lesion of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues. In addition, an immunosuppressive effect on the spleen was revealed, the mass coefficient of which in the group with the use of CF was increased 3.53 times, in the group with the simultaneous use of CF and the drug interferon lambda – 2.75 times relative to the control group. There was also a decrease in the mass coefficient of the thymus by 47.6-50.0% in the same groups, which can be regarded as damage to the organs of the immune system. The negative effect of CF on the spleen was confirmed by histological examination. Thus, when inducing immunosuppression, the loss of white pulp was 73.0-77.5% relative to the group of control animals, which is 20.0% higher than in rats treated with interferon lambda, which may indicate a positive immunotropic effect of the drug under study. In addition, no significant morphological changes were detected when the body of healthy rats was exposed to interferon lambda in the studied organs, the morphological picture is similar to that of intact animals, which may indicate the safety of its use to animals.
{"title":"Architectonics of parenchymal organs of white rats under conditions of induced immunosuppression and the use of Interferon lambda","authors":"G. Vostroilova, N. Khokhlova, E. Mikhailov, D. I. Shabanov, A. Korchagina, A. V. Nekrasov, B. Shabunin","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.161","url":null,"abstract":"Violation of the functioning of the organs of the immune system, both in humans and in animals, is due to the influence of unfavorable factors of natural and anthropogenic origin on the body, as well as infectious diseases of various etiologies. The article discusses changes in the architectonics of parenchymal organs of white laboratory rats after exposure to the drug interferon lambda on the background of cyclophosphamide (CF). It was found that modeling of immunosuppression through the use of CF led to a decrease in the number of lymphoid cells and the appearance of foci of accumulation of blast cells and megakaryocytes, which indicates a lesion of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues. In addition, an immunosuppressive effect on the spleen was revealed, the mass coefficient of which in the group with the use of CF was increased 3.53 times, in the group with the simultaneous use of CF and the drug interferon lambda – 2.75 times relative to the control group. There was also a decrease in the mass coefficient of the thymus by 47.6-50.0% in the same groups, which can be regarded as damage to the organs of the immune system. The negative effect of CF on the spleen was confirmed by histological examination. Thus, when inducing immunosuppression, the loss of white pulp was 73.0-77.5% relative to the group of control animals, which is 20.0% higher than in rats treated with interferon lambda, which may indicate a positive immunotropic effect of the drug under study. In addition, no significant morphological changes were detected when the body of healthy rats was exposed to interferon lambda in the studied organs, the morphological picture is similar to that of intact animals, which may indicate the safety of its use to animals.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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