Pub Date : 2023-12-10DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.21
A. Shakhov, L. Sashnina, Yu.Yu. Vladimirova, K. O. Akulova, G. V. Nikonenko
The article presents the results of studying the formation of specific immunity in piglets during vaccination against circovirus infection. Circovirus diseases of pigs, manifested by the defeat of many body systems, are widespread and cause great economic damage in industrial pig farms. The study of the formation of specific immunity during vaccination of piglets against circovirus infection is of scientific and practical interest. The purpose of the research is to study the formation of specific immunity in piglets during vaccination against circovirus infection. It was found that vaccination is accompanied by activation of the innate immunity system, which initiated the launch and formation of an antigen-specific adaptive immune response. In animals 6 days after the introduction of the vaccine, compared with intact piglets, an increase in the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, TNF-α, IFN-α and IFN-γ and the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-4 was found, indicating a cellular and humoral immune response. An increase in the indices of inflammatory activity of mediators and the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines indicates an increase in the activity of T-helper I and the prevalence of cellular immune response. Under the influence of technological stress caused by weaning from sows and transfer to rearing, animals 14 days after vaccination showed a decrease in the level of IL-2, IFN-α and IFN-γ, inducing cellular immunity, as well as cytokine index, the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, which indicates a shift in the direction of the immune response in the side of activation of the functioning of T-helper II, indicating the predominant formation of humoral immunity.
文章介绍了研究仔猪在接种圆环病毒感染疫苗期间形成特异性免疫的结果。猪圆环病毒病表现为身体多个系统的衰竭，在工业化养猪场非常普遍，造成了巨大的经济损失。研究仔猪接种圆环病毒感染疫苗期间特异性免疫力的形成具有科学和现实意义。本研究的目的是研究仔猪在接种圆环病毒感染疫苗期间特异性免疫力的形成。研究发现，接种疫苗的同时会激活先天性免疫系统，从而启动并形成抗原特异性适应性免疫反应。与完整仔猪相比，接种疫苗 6 天后的动物体内促炎细胞因子 IL-1ß、TNF-α、IFN-α 和 IFN-γ，以及抗炎介质 IL-4 的含量增加，这表明出现了细胞和体液免疫反应。 介质的炎症活性指数以及促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子的比率增加，表明 T 辅助细胞 I 的活性增加，细胞免疫反应普遍存在。 在母猪断奶和转群饲养造成的技术应激影响下，接种疫苗 14 天后的动物 IL-2、IFN-α 和 IFN-γ（诱导细胞免疫）水平以及细胞因子指数、促炎和抗炎介质比率均有所下降，这表明免疫反应的方向转向激活 T 辅助细胞 II 的功能，表明体液免疫的形成占主导地位。
{"title":"Formation of specific immunity in piglets during vaccination against circovirus infection","authors":"A. Shakhov, L. Sashnina, Yu.Yu. Vladimirova, K. O. Akulova, G. V. Nikonenko","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.21","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studying the formation of specific immunity in piglets during vaccination against circovirus infection. Circovirus diseases of pigs, manifested by the defeat of many body systems, are widespread and cause great economic damage in industrial pig farms. The study of the formation of specific immunity during vaccination of piglets against circovirus infection is of scientific and practical interest. The purpose of the research is to study the formation of specific immunity in piglets during vaccination against circovirus infection. It was found that vaccination is accompanied by activation of the innate immunity system, which initiated the launch and formation of an antigen-specific adaptive immune response. In animals 6 days after the introduction of the vaccine, compared with intact piglets, an increase in the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, TNF-α, IFN-α and IFN-γ and the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-4 was found, indicating a cellular and humoral immune response. An increase in the indices of inflammatory activity of mediators and the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines indicates an increase in the activity of T-helper I and the prevalence of cellular immune response. Under the influence of technological stress caused by weaning from sows and transfer to rearing, animals 14 days after vaccination showed a decrease in the level of IL-2, IFN-α and IFN-γ, inducing cellular immunity, as well as cytokine index, the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, which indicates a shift in the direction of the immune response in the side of activation of the functioning of T-helper II, indicating the predominant formation of humoral immunity.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"511 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-10DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.87
A. Zabrovskaia
Escherichia coli are components of the noromoflora of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans, however, the E. coli genome may contain genes encoding virulence factors, causing diseases of animals and humans with a wide range of pathological changes and clinical manifestations. The presence or absence of virulence factors does not always correlate with the serological group, which is not always taken into account by laboratory specialists and leads to errors in diagnosis. According to the location of the pathological process caused, escherichiosis pathogens are divided into diarrheal (DEC) and disease-causing extra-intestinal localization (ExPEC). According to the presence of specific virulence factors and the pathogenesis of the diseases caused, diarrhe-ogenic E. coli are divided into enteropathogenic (HERES), enteroinvasive (EIEC), diffuse-adhesive (DAEC), enteroaggregative (EAggEC), enterotoxigenic (ETES) and shigatoxin-producing or enterohemorrhagic (ENES or STEC). The last three groups include E.coli, which can cause diseases in productive animals. To E. The coli of the EXP group include uropathogenic (UPEC), which cause neonatal meningitis and sepsis (NMEC, SEPEC) and airborne pathogenic (ARES), which cause colibacteriosis in birds. The main factor in the virulence of ENES is the production of shiga, a toxin that causes severe changes in the body. In humans, ENES cause hemocolitis, often with the development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), leading to disability and sometimes death of the patient. Cattle are the reservoir of ENES, clinical signs develop only in young animals, adult animals can be carriers of ENES and contaminate milk and meat with strains. These are potential pathogens of Escherichia coli in calves and piglets. The ARES group is represented by E. coli strains that cause infection in poultry, especially broilers, with a variety of pathological manifestations: septicemia, peritonitis, perigepatitis, air bag infections, osteomyelitis.
{"title":"Pathogenic Escherichia coli: virulence factors, spread, diagnostic problems","authors":"A. Zabrovskaia","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.87","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia coli are components of the noromoflora of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans, however, the E. coli genome may contain genes encoding virulence factors, causing diseases of animals and humans with a wide range of pathological changes and clinical manifestations. The presence or absence of virulence factors does not always correlate with the serological group, which is not always taken into account by laboratory specialists and leads to errors in diagnosis. According to the location of the pathological process caused, escherichiosis pathogens are divided into diarrheal (DEC) and disease-causing extra-intestinal localization (ExPEC). According to the presence of specific virulence factors and the pathogenesis of the diseases caused, diarrhe-ogenic E. coli are divided into enteropathogenic (HERES), enteroinvasive (EIEC), diffuse-adhesive (DAEC), enteroaggregative (EAggEC), enterotoxigenic (ETES) and shigatoxin-producing or enterohemorrhagic (ENES or STEC). The last three groups include E.coli, which can cause diseases in productive animals. To E. The coli of the EXP group include uropathogenic (UPEC), which cause neonatal meningitis and sepsis (NMEC, SEPEC) and airborne pathogenic (ARES), which cause colibacteriosis in birds. The main factor in the virulence of ENES is the production of shiga, a toxin that causes severe changes in the body. In humans, ENES cause hemocolitis, often with the development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), leading to disability and sometimes death of the patient. Cattle are the reservoir of ENES, clinical signs develop only in young animals, adult animals can be carriers of ENES and contaminate milk and meat with strains. These are potential pathogens of Escherichia coli in calves and piglets. The ARES group is represented by E. coli strains that cause infection in poultry, especially broilers, with a variety of pathological manifestations: septicemia, peritonitis, perigepatitis, air bag infections, osteomyelitis.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"213 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-10DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.68
A. Kryazhev, A. Novikov
The purpose of these studies was to identify, identify, analyze and study the distribution of Cryptosporidium scrofarum in pigs in the farms of the Vologda Region of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation.For the first time in the Russian Federation, using the example of the Vologda Oblast of the Northwestern Federal District in pig farms of various types using the latest molecular genetic methods, namely using high-throughput sequencing of amplicon libraries of fragments of the 18S rRNA gene obtained because of nested PCR, we have established the infection of C. scrofarum in all age groups of examined animals. The contamination of animals kept in pig farms was 34%, in farms - 32.4%. Animals that are fattened at the age of 13-24 weeks are most susceptible to infection.Analysis of ASV taxonomic affiliation using phylogenetic analysis, supplemented by analysis using the blastn algorithm in the GenBank database, showed that a total of 10 ASV types (amplicon sequence variant) are present in all tested samples, which have high similarity to sequences deposited in GenBank as fragments of the 18S p gene Cryptosporidium scrofarum RNA. It has been established that the types of ASV1 and ASV2 detected in various geographical regions of the world from Portugal and Great Britain to China, India and Australia are identified in all examined farms, although in significantly different quantities. The remaining ASVs are present in much smaller numbers and do not repeat from farm to farm. These sequences probably belong to local populations of subspecies Cryptosporidium scrofarum. It is interesting to find a unique sequence of the genus Cryptosporidium of type ASV8, which can later be described as a new species.
这些研究的目的是确定、识别、分析和研究俄罗斯联邦西北联邦区沃洛格达州养猪场中隐孢子虫的分布情况。在俄罗斯联邦，我们首次以西北联邦区沃洛格达州的各类养猪场为例，采用最新的分子遗传学方法，即对通过巢式 PCR 获得的 18S rRNA 基因片段的扩增子文库进行高通量测序，确定受检动物的所有年龄组都感染了斯科法氏隐孢子虫。 养猪场动物的感染率为 34%，农场动物的感染率为 32.4%。使用系统进化分析法分析 ASV 的分类归属，并在 GenBank 数据库中使用 blastn 算法进行补充分析，结果显示所有检测样本中总共存在 10 种 ASV 类型（扩增子序列变体），它们与作为 18S p 基因隐孢子虫 RNA 片段存入 GenBank 的序列具有高度相似性。 已确定的是，从葡萄牙、英国到中国、印度和澳大利亚等世界不同地理区域检测到的 ASV1 和 ASV2 类型在所有受检农场中均有发现，但数量明显不同。 其余 ASV 的数量要少得多，而且不会在不同农场之间重复出现。 这些序列可能属于梭状隐孢子虫亚种的地方种群。 值得注意的是，发现了 ASV8 型隐孢子虫属的独特序列，以后可将其描述为一个新物种。
{"title":"Molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium scrofarum in pig farms of the Vologda region of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation","authors":"A. Kryazhev, A. Novikov","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.68","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of these studies was to identify, identify, analyze and study the distribution of Cryptosporidium scrofarum in pigs in the farms of the Vologda Region of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation.For the first time in the Russian Federation, using the example of the Vologda Oblast of the Northwestern Federal District in pig farms of various types using the latest molecular genetic methods, namely using high-throughput sequencing of amplicon libraries of fragments of the 18S rRNA gene obtained because of nested PCR, we have established the infection of C. scrofarum in all age groups of examined animals. The contamination of animals kept in pig farms was 34%, in farms - 32.4%. Animals that are fattened at the age of 13-24 weeks are most susceptible to infection.Analysis of ASV taxonomic affiliation using phylogenetic analysis, supplemented by analysis using the blastn algorithm in the GenBank database, showed that a total of 10 ASV types (amplicon sequence variant) are present in all tested samples, which have high similarity to sequences deposited in GenBank as fragments of the 18S p gene Cryptosporidium scrofarum RNA. It has been established that the types of ASV1 and ASV2 detected in various geographical regions of the world from Portugal and Great Britain to China, India and Australia are identified in all examined farms, although in significantly different quantities. The remaining ASVs are present in much smaller numbers and do not repeat from farm to farm. These sequences probably belong to local populations of subspecies Cryptosporidium scrofarum. It is interesting to find a unique sequence of the genus Cryptosporidium of type ASV8, which can later be described as a new species.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"714 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-10DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.37
N. V. Pimenov, S. V. Laptev, K. Y. Permyakova, S. N. Mazanova, R. Ivannikova
Innate immunity plays a decisive role in the primary reaction of the body to microbial agents. It is realized through the activation of cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific resistance – neutrophils, macrophages and antimicrobial and regulatory substances secreted by them, which, in turn, trigger a cascade of reactions involving lymphocytes. On the surface of the mucous membranes and in mucosal secretions, neutrophils realize their function not only through phagocytosis, but also through the release of DNA and bactericidal granules that form neutrophil extracellular traps. Violation of the functioning of these cells on the surface of the mucous membranes is considered as one of the factors of the formation of pathological microbial communities, leading to the development of dysbiosis and inflammation of various localization. The completed character of phagocytosis is provided by microbicidal systems of leukocytes: cationic proteins and myeloperoxidase. They have a special immunological significance and influence the course and outcome of the disease. Myeloperoxidase and cationic proteins are the main factors of bactericidal protection.
先天性免疫在机体对微生物制剂的主要反应中起着决定性作用。它是通过激活非特异性抵抗的细胞和体液因子--中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞及其分泌的抗菌物质和调节物质--来实现的，而这些物质反过来又会引发一连串涉及淋巴细胞的反应。在粘膜表面和粘膜分泌物中，中性粒细胞不仅通过吞噬作用，还通过释放 DNA 和形成中性粒细胞胞外捕获器的杀菌颗粒来实现其功能。 这些细胞在粘膜表面的功能受到破坏，被认为是形成病态微生物群落的因素之一，从而导致不同部位的菌群失调和炎症。白细胞的杀微生物系统：阳离子蛋白和髓过氧化物酶提供了完整的吞噬功能。 它们具有特殊的免疫学意义，影响着疾病的进程和结果。髓过氧化物酶和阳离子蛋白是杀菌保护的主要因素。
{"title":"The role of neutrophilic granulocytes and cationic proteins as biomarkers of the severity of the course of infectious and non-infectious animal diseases animal diseases","authors":"N. V. Pimenov, S. V. Laptev, K. Y. Permyakova, S. N. Mazanova, R. Ivannikova","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.37","url":null,"abstract":"Innate immunity plays a decisive role in the primary reaction of the body to microbial agents. It is realized through the activation of cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific resistance – neutrophils, macrophages and antimicrobial and regulatory substances secreted by them, which, in turn, trigger a cascade of reactions involving lymphocytes. On the surface of the mucous membranes and in mucosal secretions, neutrophils realize their function not only through phagocytosis, but also through the release of DNA and bactericidal granules that form neutrophil extracellular traps. Violation of the functioning of these cells on the surface of the mucous membranes is considered as one of the factors of the formation of pathological microbial communities, leading to the development of dysbiosis and inflammation of various localization. The completed character of phagocytosis is provided by microbicidal systems of leukocytes: cationic proteins and myeloperoxidase. They have a special immunological significance and influence the course and outcome of the disease. Myeloperoxidase and cationic proteins are the main factors of bactericidal protection.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"252 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-10DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.57
E. Javadov, O. B. Novikova, V. Veretennikov, N. Tarlavin, D. Kraskov, N. A. Yarygina
Feed additives based on organic acids have a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect that correlates with the input rate (dosage). The effect of the drugs is due to a cellular metabolic disorder of opportunistic bacteria and a change in the permeability of their cell membranes. The use of acid-based preparations helps to preserve the nutritional value of feed and prevent infection of animals and birds, which is an important aspect in maintaining the productivity of livestock. This article examines the effectiveness of the new feed additive “Vitasil 2 Plus” against micro-organisms of the species Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa by adding to water and various types of raw materials and feed.Epizootic strains isolated from pathological material from birds from poultry farms in the Russian Federation were used as test cultures. The effectiveness of the drug was studied at low and high input rates, depending on the type of substrate being studied. The following substrates were used: drinking water, granulated feed, powder, fish meal and soybean meal. Simple (meat peptone agar), selective (staphylococcal agar) and differential diagnostic (Endo medium, xyloselysine deoxycholate agar - XLD agar) nutrient media were used in the work.According to the results, it was found that the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of the feed additive, as a rule, correlate with high and low input rates. As a result, the effectiveness of the complex drug “Vitasil 2 Plus” has been proven against a number of microorganisms, thereby this feed additive can be used in the disinfection of feed and drinking water.
基于有机酸的饲料添加剂具有杀菌和抑菌作用，这种作用与投入率（剂量）相关。药物的作用是由于机会性细菌的细胞代谢紊乱及其细胞膜的渗透性发生了变化。使用酸性制剂有助于保持饲料的营养价值，防止畜禽感染，这是保持牲畜生产力的一个重要方面。 本文研究了新型饲料添加剂 "Vitasil 2 Plus "对肠炎沙门氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌等微生物的效果，方法是将其添加到水和各种原料及饲料中。根据所研究的基质类型，在低投入率和高投入率下对药物的有效性进行了研究。使用的基质包括：饮用水、颗粒饲料、粉末、鱼粉和豆粕。 工作中使用了简单（肉胨琼脂）、选择性（葡萄球菌琼脂）和鉴别诊断（Endo 培养基、木糖醇脱氧胆酸琼脂 - XLD 琼脂）营养培养基。 因此，复合药物 "Vitasil 2 Plus "对多种微生物的有效性已得到证实，因此这种饲料添加剂可用于饲料和饮用水的消毒。
{"title":"Studying the effectiveness of a feed additive for poultry \"VITASIL 2 PLUS\"","authors":"E. Javadov, O. B. Novikova, V. Veretennikov, N. Tarlavin, D. Kraskov, N. A. Yarygina","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.4.57","url":null,"abstract":"Feed additives based on organic acids have a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect that correlates with the input rate (dosage). The effect of the drugs is due to a cellular metabolic disorder of opportunistic bacteria and a change in the permeability of their cell membranes. The use of acid-based preparations helps to preserve the nutritional value of feed and prevent infection of animals and birds, which is an important aspect in maintaining the productivity of livestock. This article examines the effectiveness of the new feed additive “Vitasil 2 Plus” against micro-organisms of the species Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa by adding to water and various types of raw materials and feed.Epizootic strains isolated from pathological material from birds from poultry farms in the Russian Federation were used as test cultures. The effectiveness of the drug was studied at low and high input rates, depending on the type of substrate being studied. The following substrates were used: drinking water, granulated feed, powder, fish meal and soybean meal. Simple (meat peptone agar), selective (staphylococcal agar) and differential diagnostic (Endo medium, xyloselysine deoxycholate agar - XLD agar) nutrient media were used in the work.According to the results, it was found that the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of the feed additive, as a rule, correlate with high and low input rates. As a result, the effectiveness of the complex drug “Vitasil 2 Plus” has been proven against a number of microorganisms, thereby this feed additive can be used in the disinfection of feed and drinking water.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"939 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.248
A. V. Oorzhak, E. L. Bezruk
The article deals with the issues of etiology, clinic, prevention and biochemical parameters of blood in yaks with the presence of hoof pathologies kept in various pastures: highlands and valleys. The studies were carried out on 30 (n=30) yaks with hoof pathologies kept in Ovyursky (n=15) and Mongun- Taiginsky (n=15) regions of the Republic of Tajikistan in 2021-2022. In animals with clinically pronounced pathologies, blood samples were taken for biochemical studies. The following parameters were taken into account: ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea, calcium, phosphorus. The nature of pathological changes in the distal parts of the limbs is influenced by the sharply continental climate of the Republic of Tatarstan, a sharp change in the ground for a short time, rocky or swampy terrain. The anatomical features of the structure of the hooves are determined by the environmental conditions and the features of the static and dynamic functions of the limbs under these conditions. Compared to cattle, the horny wall of the hooves is up to 8 mm thick, the angles of the toes are more obtuse, the shape of the hoof is rounded with a horseshoe-shaped protrusion. The main pathologies of the hooves in animals kept on soft ground are deformations of the hoof horn in the form of acute-angled and curved ones. On rocky ground there are a large number of cracks and clefts concentrated on the heel parts of the wall. The consequences of injuries are inflammatory processes of an acute and chronic nature: aseptic diffuse laminitis (namins) localized on the side walls of the pelvic limbs in the area of the heels and the toe part of the sole of the chest limbs. A large number of diffuse purulent pododermatitis was found in the course of regeneration and completion of the formation of a double wall. Biochemical parameters of yak blood are characterized by an increase in the level of alanine aminotransferase, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, which is due to pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system.
{"title":"Characteristics of the clinical picture and biochemical indicators of the blood of yaks with hooves diseases in the republic of Tyva","authors":"A. V. Oorzhak, E. L. Bezruk","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.248","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issues of etiology, clinic, prevention and biochemical parameters of blood in yaks with the presence of hoof pathologies kept in various pastures: highlands and valleys. The studies were carried out on 30 (n=30) yaks with hoof pathologies kept in Ovyursky (n=15) and Mongun- Taiginsky (n=15) regions of the Republic of Tajikistan in 2021-2022. In animals with clinically pronounced pathologies, blood samples were taken for biochemical studies. The following parameters were taken into account: ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea, calcium, phosphorus. The nature of pathological changes in the distal parts of the limbs is influenced by the sharply continental climate of the Republic of Tatarstan, a sharp change in the ground for a short time, rocky or swampy terrain. The anatomical features of the structure of the hooves are determined by the environmental conditions and the features of the static and dynamic functions of the limbs under these conditions. Compared to cattle, the horny wall of the hooves is up to 8 mm thick, the angles of the toes are more obtuse, the shape of the hoof is rounded with a horseshoe-shaped protrusion. The main pathologies of the hooves in animals kept on soft ground are deformations of the hoof horn in the form of acute-angled and curved ones. On rocky ground there are a large number of cracks and clefts concentrated on the heel parts of the wall. The consequences of injuries are inflammatory processes of an acute and chronic nature: aseptic diffuse laminitis (namins) localized on the side walls of the pelvic limbs in the area of the heels and the toe part of the sole of the chest limbs. A large number of diffuse purulent pododermatitis was found in the course of regeneration and completion of the formation of a double wall. Biochemical parameters of yak blood are characterized by an increase in the level of alanine aminotransferase, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, which is due to pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74705146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.307
K. A. Gerceva, L. V. Nikulova, E. V. Kiseleva
Relevance. In this paper, an effective protocol for the treatment of a toxic form of dyspepsia in young cattle is considered. According to experts, dyspepsia is a multifactorial disease, the positive outcome of treatment of which depends not only on the effective action of antibacterial therapy, but also on the timely prevention of the development of endotoxic shock, developing due to dehydration and overexpression of the nervous system.The studies were carried out on cattle calves up to 10 days of age of the Holstein breed. To study the therapeutic efficacy of the proposed treatment protocol, three groups of analogues were formed: two experimental and a control group (n=12). The calves of the first experimental group were prescribed: a decoction of oak bark inside, an antibiotic intramuscularly and intraperitoneal preparation "Sterofundin isotonic". In the second experimental group, pathogenetic therapy in the form of visceral novocaine blockade was carried out in addition to the first scheme. In the control group, they were prescribed: inside decoction of oak bark, an antibiotic intramuscularly, the drug "Sterofundin isotonic" intravenously. During the observation period, the general clinical condition was determined daily in the morning and evening. At the end of the experiment, the number of recovered calves, the severity of the disease, and the percentage of animal deaths were determined. On the first day and after 10 days, blood was taken from all animals to determine the dynamics of hematological changes.The use of a treatment regimen for toxic dyspepsia of calves with the inclusion of antibacterial, infusion therapy with simulta neous visceral novocaine blockade allowed to reduce the incidence by 2.7 times, increase therapeutic efficacy by 2.4 times compared with the control group. The duration of treatment with the use of the proposed treatment was reduced by 1.9 days, a significant increase in hemoglobin was noted in the blood of calves by 11.48% higher, lymphocytes by 1.68 times (p<0.05). The economic effect in the second experimental group was maximum and amounted to 2.28 rubles per rub of costs.
{"title":"An effective strategy for the treatment of toxic dyspepsia in calves","authors":"K. A. Gerceva, L. V. Nikulova, E. V. Kiseleva","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.307","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. In this paper, an effective protocol for the treatment of a toxic form of dyspepsia in young cattle is considered. According to experts, dyspepsia is a multifactorial disease, the positive outcome of treatment of which depends not only on the effective action of antibacterial therapy, but also on the timely prevention of the development of endotoxic shock, developing due to dehydration and overexpression of the nervous system.The studies were carried out on cattle calves up to 10 days of age of the Holstein breed. To study the therapeutic efficacy of the proposed treatment protocol, three groups of analogues were formed: two experimental and a control group (n=12). The calves of the first experimental group were prescribed: a decoction of oak bark inside, an antibiotic intramuscularly and intraperitoneal preparation \"Sterofundin isotonic\". In the second experimental group, pathogenetic therapy in the form of visceral novocaine blockade was carried out in addition to the first scheme. In the control group, they were prescribed: inside decoction of oak bark, an antibiotic intramuscularly, the drug \"Sterofundin isotonic\" intravenously. During the observation period, the general clinical condition was determined daily in the morning and evening. At the end of the experiment, the number of recovered calves, the severity of the disease, and the percentage of animal deaths were determined. On the first day and after 10 days, blood was taken from all animals to determine the dynamics of hematological changes.The use of a treatment regimen for toxic dyspepsia of calves with the inclusion of antibacterial, infusion therapy with simulta neous visceral novocaine blockade allowed to reduce the incidence by 2.7 times, increase therapeutic efficacy by 2.4 times compared with the control group. The duration of treatment with the use of the proposed treatment was reduced by 1.9 days, a significant increase in hemoglobin was noted in the blood of calves by 11.48% higher, lymphocytes by 1.68 times (p<0.05). The economic effect in the second experimental group was maximum and amounted to 2.28 rubles per rub of costs.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"309 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75445973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.286
A. A. Kerimkhanova, K. Orynkhanov, A. Imanbayev, A. K. Makhmutov, A. A. Adilzhan, N. Makhanbetuly
Pelvic ring injury is one of the most severe forms of musculoskeletal injury in small domestic animals. They usually do not survive due to the development of traumatic shock and complications from the pelvic organs, which develop in the post-traumatic period. In this article on the topic: "Methods of surgical treatment of pelvic bone fractures in dogs and postoperative rehabilitation" performed by a number of authors from the Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, examples of surgical intervention for various pelvic fractures in dogs are given, using various methods of fixing them.Such as: internal methods of fixing fractures of the pelvic ring, using plates, screws, various types of wires designed for osteosynthesis of bones; external methods of fixing fractures of the pelvic ring, using the spokerod method. The studies were carried out on 18 dogs for a year and a half in the veterinary clinic "Center for Veterinary Medicine" and in the "Daria Pankova Rehabilitation Center" in Almaty. The studied animals were aged from 1 year to 3.5 years. Breedchar-acteristic sranged from small breeds such as Chihuahuasand Dachshundstolarge out breds and CaneCorso .As well as the use of early rehabilitation in the postoperative period to eliminate various complications, such as muscle atrophy, neurological deficits of varying degrees, loss of limb sensitivity, and so on.The recovery rate of bone and cartilage tissue in the application of food additives in the nutrition of operated animals was estimated, with the data obtained being recorded every 10 days. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the use of additional dietary supplements significantly accelerates the process of formation of a callus and rapid consolidation of bone fractures.
{"title":"Methods of surgical treatment of pelvic bone fractures in dogs and postoperative rehabilitation","authors":"A. A. Kerimkhanova, K. Orynkhanov, A. Imanbayev, A. K. Makhmutov, A. A. Adilzhan, N. Makhanbetuly","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.286","url":null,"abstract":"Pelvic ring injury is one of the most severe forms of musculoskeletal injury in small domestic animals. They usually do not survive due to the development of traumatic shock and complications from the pelvic organs, which develop in the post-traumatic period. In this article on the topic: \"Methods of surgical treatment of pelvic bone fractures in dogs and postoperative rehabilitation\" performed by a number of authors from the Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, examples of surgical intervention for various pelvic fractures in dogs are given, using various methods of fixing them.Such as: internal methods of fixing fractures of the pelvic ring, using plates, screws, various types of wires designed for osteosynthesis of bones; external methods of fixing fractures of the pelvic ring, using the spokerod method. The studies were carried out on 18 dogs for a year and a half in the veterinary clinic \"Center for Veterinary Medicine\" and in the \"Daria Pankova Rehabilitation Center\" in Almaty. The studied animals were aged from 1 year to 3.5 years. Breedchar-acteristic sranged from small breeds such as Chihuahuasand Dachshundstolarge out breds and CaneCorso .As well as the use of early rehabilitation in the postoperative period to eliminate various complications, such as muscle atrophy, neurological deficits of varying degrees, loss of limb sensitivity, and so on.The recovery rate of bone and cartilage tissue in the application of food additives in the nutrition of operated animals was estimated, with the data obtained being recorded every 10 days. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the use of additional dietary supplements significantly accelerates the process of formation of a callus and rapid consolidation of bone fractures.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84608769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.300
A. I. Shurov, I. V. Shurov, Y. Vatnikov
.
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{"title":"Comparative assessment of the results of surgery for tracheal clap","authors":"A. I. Shurov, I. V. Shurov, Y. Vatnikov","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.300","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81978601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.267
A. Krivoruchko, T. Saprikina, M. Kukharuk, M. Selionova
To improve the productive qualities of sheep bred in sheep farms, an important factor is the selection activities aimed at selecting animals for economically valuable traits. For this purpose, methods of markerassociated selection based on genotyping data are widely used. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is used to identify single nucleotide substitutions suitable for genotyping by sequencing and to discover new candidate genes for productive traits. This work is devoted to the search for genome loci associated with the "average daily gain" trait using the GWAS method in Jalgin Merino for further use in breeding. A genome-wide study was carried out using Illumina Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip 600K on rams aged 12 months, bred in the Ipatovsky district of the Stavropol Territory. Quality control of genotyping, as well as genetic and statistical analysis of the obtained data, was performed using PLINK V.1.07. Visualization and plotting were carried out using the QQman package in the R programming language. A genome- wide study for associations showed a significant relationship between 10 detected SNPs and the average daily gain. Analysis of the localization of single nucleotide substitutions found 5 genes next to them: BABAM2, ELL2, ENSOARG00000019376, PLA2G10, ENSOARG00000003785. Their protein products are involved in the implementation of genetic information, cell differentiation and the flow of important metabolic processes in the body. Further research is needed to study the structure of the proposed candidate genes in order to understand the mechanisms of their influence on the phenotypic manifestation of economically valuable traits in sheep of domestic breeds.
为了提高绵羊的生产品质，一个重要的因素是选择具有经济价值性状的动物。为此，基于基因分型数据的标记相关选择方法被广泛应用。全基因组关联研究(Genome-wide association study, GWAS)是一种通过测序来确定适合基因分型的单核苷酸替代位点和发现新的生产性状候选基因的研究方法。本工作致力于利用GWAS方法在雅尔金美利奴山羊中寻找与“平均日增重”性状相关的基因组位点，以进一步用于育种。使用Illumina Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip 600K对斯塔夫罗波尔地区伊帕托夫斯基地区饲养的12个月大的公羊进行了全基因组研究。采用PLINK V.1.07软件进行基因分型质量控制，并对所得数据进行遗传和统计分析。利用R语言中的QQman软件包进行可视化和绘图。一项全基因组关联研究显示，10个检测到的snp与平均日增重之间存在显著关系。单核苷酸置换定位分析发现与它们相邻的5个基因为BABAM2、ELL2、ENSOARG00000019376、PLA2G10、ENSOARG00000003785。它们的蛋白质产物参与遗传信息的实现、细胞分化和体内重要代谢过程的流动。为了进一步了解候选基因对家羊经济性状表型表现的影响机制，需要对候选基因的结构进行进一步研究。
{"title":"Genome-wide study for SNPS associated with average daily growth for genotyping by sequencing and identification of candidate genes in jalgin merino","authors":"A. Krivoruchko, T. Saprikina, M. Kukharuk, M. Selionova","doi":"10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.267","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the productive qualities of sheep bred in sheep farms, an important factor is the selection activities aimed at selecting animals for economically valuable traits. For this purpose, methods of markerassociated selection based on genotyping data are widely used. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is used to identify single nucleotide substitutions suitable for genotyping by sequencing and to discover new candidate genes for productive traits. This work is devoted to the search for genome loci associated with the \"average daily gain\" trait using the GWAS method in Jalgin Merino for further use in breeding. A genome-wide study was carried out using Illumina Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip 600K on rams aged 12 months, bred in the Ipatovsky district of the Stavropol Territory. Quality control of genotyping, as well as genetic and statistical analysis of the obtained data, was performed using PLINK V.1.07. Visualization and plotting were carried out using the QQman package in the R programming language. A genome- wide study for associations showed a significant relationship between 10 detected SNPs and the average daily gain. Analysis of the localization of single nucleotide substitutions found 5 genes next to them: BABAM2, ELL2, ENSOARG00000019376, PLA2G10, ENSOARG00000003785. Their protein products are involved in the implementation of genetic information, cell differentiation and the flow of important metabolic processes in the body. Further research is needed to study the structure of the proposed candidate genes in order to understand the mechanisms of their influence on the phenotypic manifestation of economically valuable traits in sheep of domestic breeds.","PeriodicalId":14419,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84003843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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