Several financial institutions in Rwanda have closed as a result of the current economic crisis, making it difficult to conduct this research. A country's economic well-being particularly that of Rwanda, hinges on the strength of its banking system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the strategic factors that contribute to the competitiveness of the banking industry in Rwanda. These factors include strategic product accessibility, strategic customer relationship marketing, strategic leadership, and strategic technology adoption. A cross-sectional survey design was used as the research methodology for this study. Bank of Kigali's current staff of 150 employees served as the sample population. Respondents were requested to fill out questionnaires and interview schedules, which provided the bulk of the study's data. These were the study's primary data collection points. Secondary sources, such as the National Bank of Rwanda's yearly reports, were also consulted for this study. Analysis of the collected data was carried out using SPSS. Thematic analysis was used to examine qualitative data, and the findings were presented in narrative format together with direct quotations from respondents. The study results reveals that It is evident that holding strategic products accessibility, strategic customer relationship marketing, strategic leadership and strategic technology adoption to a constant zero, banking sector competitiveness in Rwanda would be at 0.421. In Addition, any unit increase on strategic products accessibility would increase banking sector competitiveness in Rwanda by a factor of 0.224. Any unit increase in strategic customer relationship marketing would increase banking sector competitiveness in Rwanda by a factor of 0.222. Any unit increase in strategic leadership would increase banking sector competitiveness in Rwanda by a factor of 0.359. Lastly any unit in strategic technology adoption would increase in banking sector competitiveness in Rwanda by a factor of 0.304. Therefore, commercial banks are encouraged to consistently work to improve their strategic leadership, planning, creativity, technological proficiency, and human resource competence. This may be achieved by effective and proactive leadership, strategic planning, the use of cutting-edge technology, an innovative spirit, and strong adherence to employee training and development. To guarantee the commercial banks' long-term existence and stakeholder satisfaction, more study is needed on how the National Bank of Rwanda may improve its oversight and regulatory role. Keywords: Strategic Factors, Banking Sector, Competitiveness, Performance, strategic product accessibility, strategic customer relationship marketing, strategic leadership, and strategic technology adoption
{"title":"Strategic Factors Influencing Banking Sector Competitiveness in Rwanda. A Case Study of Bank of Kigali, Rwanda","authors":"Aubrey Ntamvutsa, S. Gitahi","doi":"10.53819/81018102t6067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t6067","url":null,"abstract":"Several financial institutions in Rwanda have closed as a result of the current economic crisis, making it difficult to conduct this research. A country's economic well-being particularly that of Rwanda, hinges on the strength of its banking system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the strategic factors that contribute to the competitiveness of the banking industry in Rwanda. These factors include strategic product accessibility, strategic customer relationship marketing, strategic leadership, and strategic technology adoption. A cross-sectional survey design was used as the research methodology for this study. Bank of Kigali's current staff of 150 employees served as the sample population. Respondents were requested to fill out questionnaires and interview schedules, which provided the bulk of the study's data. These were the study's primary data collection points. Secondary sources, such as the National Bank of Rwanda's yearly reports, were also consulted for this study. Analysis of the collected data was carried out using SPSS. Thematic analysis was used to examine qualitative data, and the findings were presented in narrative format together with direct quotations from respondents. The study results reveals that It is evident that holding strategic products accessibility, strategic customer relationship marketing, strategic leadership and strategic technology adoption to a constant zero, banking sector competitiveness in Rwanda would be at 0.421. In Addition, any unit increase on strategic products accessibility would increase banking sector competitiveness in Rwanda by a factor of 0.224. Any unit increase in strategic customer relationship marketing would increase banking sector competitiveness in Rwanda by a factor of 0.222. Any unit increase in strategic leadership would increase banking sector competitiveness in Rwanda by a factor of 0.359. Lastly any unit in strategic technology adoption would increase in banking sector competitiveness in Rwanda by a factor of 0.304. Therefore, commercial banks are encouraged to consistently work to improve their strategic leadership, planning, creativity, technological proficiency, and human resource competence. This may be achieved by effective and proactive leadership, strategic planning, the use of cutting-edge technology, an innovative spirit, and strong adherence to employee training and development. To guarantee the commercial banks' long-term existence and stakeholder satisfaction, more study is needed on how the National Bank of Rwanda may improve its oversight and regulatory role. Keywords: Strategic Factors, Banking Sector, Competitiveness, Performance, strategic product accessibility, strategic customer relationship marketing, strategic leadership, and strategic technology adoption","PeriodicalId":14424,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Strategic Property Management","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83059396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this study was to assess the leadership styles and the strategy implementation of Non-government organizations in Rwanda. This study will follow the following objectives: To evaluate the effect of leadership styles (transformational, transactional and laissez faire styles) on corporate strategy implementation in Root foundation Rwanda, to assess the influence of leadership styles (transformational, transactional and laissez faire styles) on functional strategy implementation in Root foundation Rwanda, and determine the contribution of leadership styles (transformational, transactional and laissez faire styles) on operational strategy implementation in Root foundation Rwanda. Descriptive research design was used within this study, and the study population comprise 142 employees working on the NGO. The sample size of 105 respondents was established through calculations carried out using the Slovin's Formula. Descriptive research design and correlation analysis will be utilized to assess the data and results generalized for the entire population, while multiple regression was used to test hypotheses. To compute and analyze the data in this study, SPPSS version 23 was used. Secondary data was gleaned from available documentation at Root foundation Rwanda and elsewhere. The results showed that there is high correlation between Transformational leadership styles and Strategic implementation Root Foundation Rwanda as shown by a correlation figure of 0.709**, p-value =0.002<0.05 level (2-tailed), and also the multiple regression results revealed that Transformational leadership styles has significance positive effect on Strategic implementation as determined by β1= 0.172, p=0.009<0.05, t= 2.630. The increase of one unit in Transformational leadership styles leads to an increase in Strategic implementation by 0.172 units. The results showed that the correlation is high between Transactional leadership style and Strategic implementation of Root foundation Rwanda as shown by a correlation figure of 0.781**, p-value =0.000<0.05 level (2-tailed) and also the multiple regression results revealed that Transactional leadership style has significance and positive influence on Strategic implementation as indicated by β2= 0.482, p=0.000<0.05, t= 9.318. An increase of one unit in Transactional leadership style led to an increase in Strategic implementation of Root foundation Rwanda by 0.482 units. Findings revealed that there is significant moderate correlation between Laissez-faire leadership style and Strategic implementation of Root foundation Rwanda as shown by a correlation figure of 0.503**, p-value =0.000<0.05 level (2-tailed) and also the multiple regression results revealed that Laissez-faire leadership style has significance and positive contribution on Strategic implementation as indicated by β3= 0.455, p=0.000<0.05, t= 4.672. The implication is that an increase of one unit in Laissez-faire leadership style would lead to an increase
{"title":"Effect of Leadership Styles on Strategic Implementation in Non-Governmental Organizations. A Case of Root Foundation Rwanda","authors":"Innocent Maturire, E. Irechukwu","doi":"10.53819/81018102t6064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t6064","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study was to assess the leadership styles and the strategy implementation of Non-government organizations in Rwanda. This study will follow the following objectives: To evaluate the effect of leadership styles (transformational, transactional and laissez faire styles) on corporate strategy implementation in Root foundation Rwanda, to assess the influence of leadership styles (transformational, transactional and laissez faire styles) on functional strategy implementation in Root foundation Rwanda, and determine the contribution of leadership styles (transformational, transactional and laissez faire styles) on operational strategy implementation in Root foundation Rwanda. Descriptive research design was used within this study, and the study population comprise 142 employees working on the NGO. The sample size of 105 respondents was established through calculations carried out using the Slovin's Formula. Descriptive research design and correlation analysis will be utilized to assess the data and results generalized for the entire population, while multiple regression was used to test hypotheses. To compute and analyze the data in this study, SPPSS version 23 was used. Secondary data was gleaned from available documentation at Root foundation Rwanda and elsewhere. The results showed that there is high correlation between Transformational leadership styles and Strategic implementation Root Foundation Rwanda as shown by a correlation figure of 0.709**, p-value =0.002<0.05 level (2-tailed), and also the multiple regression results revealed that Transformational leadership styles has significance positive effect on Strategic implementation as determined by β1= 0.172, p=0.009<0.05, t= 2.630. The increase of one unit in Transformational leadership styles leads to an increase in Strategic implementation by 0.172 units. The results showed that the correlation is high between Transactional leadership style and Strategic implementation of Root foundation Rwanda as shown by a correlation figure of 0.781**, p-value =0.000<0.05 level (2-tailed) and also the multiple regression results revealed that Transactional leadership style has significance and positive influence on Strategic implementation as indicated by β2= 0.482, p=0.000<0.05, t= 9.318. An increase of one unit in Transactional leadership style led to an increase in Strategic implementation of Root foundation Rwanda by 0.482 units. Findings revealed that there is significant moderate correlation between Laissez-faire leadership style and Strategic implementation of Root foundation Rwanda as shown by a correlation figure of 0.503**, p-value =0.000<0.05 level (2-tailed) and also the multiple regression results revealed that Laissez-faire leadership style has significance and positive contribution on Strategic implementation as indicated by β3= 0.455, p=0.000<0.05, t= 4.672. The implication is that an increase of one unit in Laissez-faire leadership style would lead to an increase ","PeriodicalId":14424,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Strategic Property Management","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89460245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To what extent does competitive advantage mediate the relationship between interactive marketing practices and market performance? In attempt to respond to this question, this study was conducted with the aim of examining the mediating role of competitive advantage on the interactive marketing practices market performance relationship in the soft drink industry context. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was taken on a sample of 322 soft drink manufacturing enterprises in the city of Kigali. The unit of inquiry for the quantitative study were the sales, accounting, finance, marketing and communication managers whereas chief executive officers were the unit of inquiry for the qualitative study. The study used both questionnaire and interview guide to collect data. Path analysis, MedGraph v3.xlsm and Hierarchical regression were used to test the model. Findings: Study findings show that performance of soft drink enterprises is positively associated with interactive marketing practices. It was observed in this study also that competitive advantage partially mediates this relationship. Practically the four conditions for mediation were met as suggested by Baron and Kenny, (1986). Firstly, we observe that there was a significant direct effect of Interactive marketing practices on market performance (=.270; p<.05). Secondly, Interactive marketing practices and competitive advantage have a significant relationship (=.400; p<.05), and thirdly, the observed coefficient of the mediator (competitive advantage) is significant as seen in the regression model 3 (=.396; p<.05). It is observed, finally, that the absolute effect of Interactive marketing practices on market performance is smaller in regression model 3 (=.157; p<.05) than in regression model 2 (=.270; p<.05).This confirm the mediation effects of competitive advantage. Further still a ratio index of 41.9% was observed an indication that competitive advantage reduces the relationship between interactive marketing practices and performance by 41.9% in Kigali city soft drink enterprises. Recommendations: In line with this confirmed mediation effects, managers are reminded to allocate sufficient resources to customer intimacy, product leadership and operational excellence as specific competitive priorities if they are to attain better market performance results. The study is of a theoretical importance as it empirically confirm the mediating role of competitive advantage in the interactive marketing practices-market performance relationship in a soft drink industry context. The imperative for practitioners to sufficiently attend to operational efficiency, customer intimacy and product leadership is reiterated on in this study.
{"title":"Interactive Marketing Practices and Market Performance in Soft Drinks Industry: An Empirical Study on Competitive Advantage As a Mediator","authors":"Pereez Nimusima, Wilbroad Aryatwijuka, Erem Emmanuel, Kaggwa Charles, Olivia Mbabazi, John Rwakihembo","doi":"10.47672/jsm.1501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/jsm.1501","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To what extent does competitive advantage mediate the relationship between interactive marketing practices and market performance? In attempt to respond to this question, this study was conducted with the aim of examining the mediating role of competitive advantage on the interactive marketing practices market performance relationship in the soft drink industry context. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was taken on a sample of 322 soft drink manufacturing enterprises in the city of Kigali. The unit of inquiry for the quantitative study were the sales, accounting, finance, marketing and communication managers whereas chief executive officers were the unit of inquiry for the qualitative study. The study used both questionnaire and interview guide to collect data. Path analysis, MedGraph v3.xlsm and Hierarchical regression were used to test the model. \u0000Findings: Study findings show that performance of soft drink enterprises is positively associated with interactive marketing practices. It was observed in this study also that competitive advantage partially mediates this relationship. Practically the four conditions for mediation were met as suggested by Baron and Kenny, (1986). Firstly, we observe that there was a significant direct effect of Interactive marketing practices on market performance (=.270; p<.05). Secondly, Interactive marketing practices and competitive advantage have a significant relationship (=.400; p<.05), and thirdly, the observed coefficient of the mediator (competitive advantage) is significant as seen in the regression model 3 (=.396; p<.05). It is observed, finally, that the absolute effect of Interactive marketing practices on market performance is smaller in regression model 3 (=.157; p<.05) than in regression model 2 (=.270; p<.05).This confirm the mediation effects of competitive advantage. Further still a ratio index of 41.9% was observed an indication that competitive advantage reduces the relationship between interactive marketing practices and performance by 41.9% in Kigali city soft drink enterprises. \u0000Recommendations: In line with this confirmed mediation effects, managers are reminded to allocate sufficient resources to customer intimacy, product leadership and operational excellence as specific competitive priorities if they are to attain better market performance results. The study is of a theoretical importance as it empirically confirm the mediating role of competitive advantage in the interactive marketing practices-market performance relationship in a soft drink industry context. The imperative for practitioners to sufficiently attend to operational efficiency, customer intimacy and product leadership is reiterated on in this study. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14424,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Strategic Property Management","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74466079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Seidu, Akinlabi, B.H. Akinlabi, B.H., O. Makinde
Purpose: Recently, business uncertainty and pressures have challenged routine activities in consumer goods manufacturing companies (CGMC), resulting in dwindling performance due to their inability to respond swiftly and correctly to strategic marketing planning practices. However, proactive manufacturing businesses strive to evaluate their operational activities and thus put measures in place to improve their performance as a condition of continuous existence and future development. Such organisations analyse their routine functions periodically, through operational methods that allow the evaluation of their market strategy, current performance and function as management guides. The study therefore investigated the moderating role of Marketing Audit (MA) on strategic marketing planning and organisational performance of selected quoted consumer goods manufacturing companies in Lagos, Methodology: Survey research design was used for this study. The population was 594 staff in the sales and marketing departments of the selected CGMC in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted total enumeration method. Purposive sampling technique was employed. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential (multiple regression) statistics. Findings: The findings showed that marketing audit has a significant moderating effect on the effect of strategic market planning on organisational performance of selected quoted consumer goods manufacturing companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. Recommendations: The study therefore recommends that top management of CGMCs should review the companies MA on marketing strategy process of personnel with correct organizational values and attitudes.
{"title":"Moderating Role of Marketing Audit on the Effect of Strategic Marketing Planning on Organisational Performance of Selected Quoted Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies in Lagos","authors":"A. Seidu, Akinlabi, B.H. Akinlabi, B.H., O. Makinde","doi":"10.47672/jsm.1495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/jsm.1495","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Recently, business uncertainty and pressures have challenged routine activities in consumer goods manufacturing companies (CGMC), resulting in dwindling performance due to their inability to respond swiftly and correctly to strategic marketing planning practices. However, proactive manufacturing businesses strive to evaluate their operational activities and thus put measures in place to improve their performance as a condition of continuous existence and future development. Such organisations analyse their routine functions periodically, through operational methods that allow the evaluation of their market strategy, current performance and function as management guides. The study therefore investigated the moderating role of Marketing Audit (MA) on strategic marketing planning and organisational performance of selected quoted consumer goods manufacturing companies in Lagos, \u0000Methodology: Survey research design was used for this study. The population was 594 staff in the sales and marketing departments of the selected CGMC in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted total enumeration method. Purposive sampling technique was employed. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential (multiple regression) statistics. \u0000Findings: The findings showed that marketing audit has a significant moderating effect on the effect of strategic market planning on organisational performance of selected quoted consumer goods manufacturing companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. \u0000Recommendations: The study therefore recommends that top management of CGMCs should review the companies MA on marketing strategy process of personnel with correct organizational values and attitudes. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14424,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Strategic Property Management","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84244589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contribution of Faith-Based Organization Project Support on Improving Livelihood of Vulnerable Children in Rwanda: A Case of Christian Life Assembly Project, Kigali City","authors":"Gahigana Joy Umurungi","doi":"10.53819/81018102t2144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14424,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Strategic Property Management","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74483937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The Food and Beverage industry is extremely important in any society because it meets basic human needs and has a considerable impact on human existence since the dawn of time. However, studies have shown that quoted food and beverage firms are faced with the struggle to maintain substantial level of net profit before tax, earnings per share, return on assets, return on equity and dividend per share, which are likely due to weak corporate governance (ownership structure, board composition, board diversity, CEO tenure, and board size). Therefore, this study investigated the effect of corporate governance on return on assets of quoted food and beverage firms in Nigeria. Methodology: The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The population of the study was 21 food and beverage firms quoted on Nigerian Exchange as at December 31st, 2021. The study used purposive sampling technique to choose the sample size of 14 quoted food and beverage firms based on the years of listing and data availability. The data used for the study were extracted from the audited annual financial statement of the sampled firms from 2014 to 2021. Descriptive and inferential (multiple regression) statistics were used to analyse the data at 10% significance level. Findings: Findings revealed that corporate governance had significant effect on return on asset (Adj.R2 = 0.05, F (5, 106) = 2.09, p < 0.10). The study concluded that corporate governance enhanced return on asset of quoted food and beverage firms in Nigeria. Recommendations: The study recommended that food and beverage firms should ensure the independence of the board is embraced and enhanced at all times to ensure improved financial performance and ensure returns on asset.
目的:食品和饮料行业在任何社会中都是极其重要的，因为它满足了人类的基本需求，并且从一开始就对人类的存在产生了相当大的影响。然而，研究表明，上市食品和饮料公司面临着保持税前净利润、每股收益、资产回报率、股本回报率和每股股息的斗争，这可能是由于公司治理薄弱(所有权结构、董事会组成、董事会多样性、首席执行官任期和董事会规模)。因此，本研究考察了公司治理对尼日利亚上市食品饮料公司资产收益率的影响。研究方法:采用事后调查设计。该研究的对象是截至2021年12月31日在尼日利亚交易所上市的21家食品和饮料公司。本研究采用有目的抽样技术，根据上市年份和数据可得性选择14家上市食品饮料公司的样本量。研究中使用的数据是从样本公司2014年至2021年经审计的年度财务报表中提取的。在10%显著性水平下，采用描述性和推理性(多元回归)统计分析数据。研究发现:公司治理对资产收益率有显著影响(Adj.R2 = 0.05, F (5,106) = 2.09, p < 0.10)。研究得出结论，公司治理提高了尼日利亚上市食品和饮料公司的资产回报率。建议:该研究建议，食品和饮料公司应确保董事会的独立性在任何时候都得到认可和加强，以确保改善财务业绩和确保资产回报。
{"title":"Corporate Governance and Return on Assets of Quoted Food and Beverage Firms in Nigeria","authors":"O. Folorunso, S. Owolabi, E. Ajike","doi":"10.47672/jsm.1494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/jsm.1494","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The Food and Beverage industry is extremely important in any society because it meets basic human needs and has a considerable impact on human existence since the dawn of time. However, studies have shown that quoted food and beverage firms are faced with the struggle to maintain substantial level of net profit before tax, earnings per share, return on assets, return on equity and dividend per share, which are likely due to weak corporate governance (ownership structure, board composition, board diversity, CEO tenure, and board size). Therefore, this study investigated the effect of corporate governance on return on assets of quoted food and beverage firms in Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The population of the study was 21 food and beverage firms quoted on Nigerian Exchange as at December 31st, 2021. The study used purposive sampling technique to choose the sample size of 14 quoted food and beverage firms based on the years of listing and data availability. The data used for the study were extracted from the audited annual financial statement of the sampled firms from 2014 to 2021. Descriptive and inferential (multiple regression) statistics were used to analyse the data at 10% significance level. \u0000Findings: Findings revealed that corporate governance had significant effect on return on asset (Adj.R2 = 0.05, F (5, 106) = 2.09, p < 0.10). The study concluded that corporate governance enhanced return on asset of quoted food and beverage firms in Nigeria. \u0000Recommendations: The study recommended that food and beverage firms should ensure the independence of the board is embraced and enhanced at all times to ensure improved financial performance and ensure returns on asset. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14424,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Strategic Property Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78494551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resources in primary schools can be classified into three types: campus, teaching, and community resources. Urban–rural differences in the resources of Chinese county schools, which are triggered by population migration and residents’ preference for high-quality schools, are a common phenomenon emerging in the context of rapid urbanization. Despite the negative effects of these resource differences on social sustainability and the increasing need to comprehensively analyze urban–rural differences in school resources, to date there has not been an effective analytical framework for resolving these issues. To address this research gap, this study develops a method using the entropy-based Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), spatial analysis, and statistical analysis for assessing resource equity in primary schools by means of the relative proximities of resources. The resource differences between urban and rural primary schools are quantitatively investigated through taking Yuncheng County as a case study. The urban–rural differences in the three types of resources are discovered and presented according to geographical location. The research findings make contributions to understanding the unbalanced distribution of school resources, promoting equity in education, and improving the social sustainability of counties. Additionally, the analytical framework has the potential to be extended to analyzing urban–rural resource differences in secondary or high schools.
小学资源可分为校园资源、教学资源和社区资源三种类型。人口迁移和居民对优质学校的偏好引发了中国县域学校资源的城乡差异，这是在快速城市化背景下出现的普遍现象。尽管这些资源差异对社会可持续性产生负面影响，并且越来越需要综合分析学校资源的城乡差异，但迄今为止还没有一个有效的分析框架来解决这些问题。为了弥补这一研究空白，本研究开发了一种基于熵的TOPSIS (Order Preference by Similarity To Ideal Solution)、空间分析和统计分析的方法，通过资源的相对邻近性来评估小学资源公平。本文以运城县为例，对城乡小学资源差异进行了定量研究。根据地理位置发现并呈现三种资源的城乡差异。研究结果对理解学校资源分配不均衡、促进教育公平、提高县域社会可持续性具有重要意义。此外，分析框架有可能扩展到分析中学或高中的城乡资源差异。
{"title":"URBAN–RURAL DIFFERENCES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL RESOURCES IN CHINA: A CASE STUDY OF YUNCHENG COUNTY","authors":"Wenwen Sun, Xin Hu, Akari Nakai Kidd, Zhuoran Li, Chunlu Liu","doi":"10.3846/ijspm.2023.19142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2023.19142","url":null,"abstract":"Resources in primary schools can be classified into three types: campus, teaching, and community resources. Urban–rural differences in the resources of Chinese county schools, which are triggered by population migration and residents’ preference for high-quality schools, are a common phenomenon emerging in the context of rapid urbanization. Despite the negative effects of these resource differences on social sustainability and the increasing need to comprehensively analyze urban–rural differences in school resources, to date there has not been an effective analytical framework for resolving these issues. To address this research gap, this study develops a method using the entropy-based Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), spatial analysis, and statistical analysis for assessing resource equity in primary schools by means of the relative proximities of resources. The resource differences between urban and rural primary schools are quantitatively investigated through taking Yuncheng County as a case study. The urban–rural differences in the three types of resources are discovered and presented according to geographical location. The research findings make contributions to understanding the unbalanced distribution of school resources, promoting equity in education, and improving the social sustainability of counties. Additionally, the analytical framework has the potential to be extended to analyzing urban–rural resource differences in secondary or high schools.","PeriodicalId":14424,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Strategic Property Management","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77617501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heitor Alves Raponi, Gael Rodrygo Dao, Jose Paqueta
Contingency recovery plans refer to a collection of measures, either written down or communicated to all that shows how the firm will react when calamity or challenges strike the firm. The study examined the influence of contingency recovery plans on performance of processing firms in Brazil. A disaster can happen anytime, and a company should be ready for it and a firm should create an ideal strategy to reduce the impact of disaster and proceed on with the critical functions. A contingency plan is a back-up strategy, activated in case of an incident that disrupts firm’s operations and puts staff members at risk. The study discovered that firm continuity planning and disaster recovery planning are the most vital aspects of a firm but are often ignored. Firms need to make a well-structured strategy and document for calamity recovery and firm continuation, even before a catastrophe happens. The research concludes that contingency recovery plans and firm performance is positively and substantially related. It was noted that a unitary improvement in contingency recovery strategies boosts the processing firm's performance. It is additionally concluded that contingency recovery plans include having a disaster recovery group, the development of preventative measures to reduce the effects of a disaster and creating a time frame for the recovery plans in the firm. The research recommends that there should be a disaster recovery group which is always prepared for the recovery plans within the firm. Furthermore, there is the need to have preventative measures established in the firm to reduce the effects of a certain calamity. A written recovery strategy that defines how the firm will respond when a calamity or disaster strikes should be prepared.
{"title":"Influence of Contingency Recovery Plans on Performance of Processing Firms in Brazil","authors":"Heitor Alves Raponi, Gael Rodrygo Dao, Jose Paqueta","doi":"10.53819/81018102t5171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t5171","url":null,"abstract":"Contingency recovery plans refer to a collection of measures, either written down or communicated to all that shows how the firm will react when calamity or challenges strike the firm. The study examined the influence of contingency recovery plans on performance of processing firms in Brazil. A disaster can happen anytime, and a company should be ready for it and a firm should create an ideal strategy to reduce the impact of disaster and proceed on with the critical functions. A contingency plan is a back-up strategy, activated in case of an incident that disrupts firm’s operations and puts staff members at risk. The study discovered that firm continuity planning and disaster recovery planning are the most vital aspects of a firm but are often ignored. Firms need to make a well-structured strategy and document for calamity recovery and firm continuation, even before a catastrophe happens. The research concludes that contingency recovery plans and firm performance is positively and substantially related. It was noted that a unitary improvement in contingency recovery strategies boosts the processing firm's performance. It is additionally concluded that contingency recovery plans include having a disaster recovery group, the development of preventative measures to reduce the effects of a disaster and creating a time frame for the recovery plans in the firm. The research recommends that there should be a disaster recovery group which is always prepared for the recovery plans within the firm. Furthermore, there is the need to have preventative measures established in the firm to reduce the effects of a certain calamity. A written recovery strategy that defines how the firm will respond when a calamity or disaster strikes should be prepared.","PeriodicalId":14424,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Strategic Property Management","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82377848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pharmaceutical companies play a significant role in ensuring that people have access to high-quality and affordable medical services. They provide a wide range of medical services, from preventative care to emergency services. Despite the contribution of pharmaceutical companies to the social and economic growth of citizens in both developed and developing countries, their performance may not have been as expected. This is evident in the poor level of competitive advantage, decline in market share growth, dwindling financial growth, decline in productivity and customer retention. This study investigated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage of quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was 308 executive manager, directors and marketing department official in these quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. Data was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire with a Cronbach alpha value greater than 0.7. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential tools. Multiple and Hierarchical Regression Analysis were used to determine the effect of the variables using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results revealed that entrepreneurial orientation had significant effect on competitive advantage of quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.265; F (5, 296) = 22.726, p < 0.05). The study expanded the frontier of knowledge on Nigerian pharmaceutical industry performance by unbundling entrepreneurial orientation to see how each element affected competitive advantage. The study is an original study and it adds to scholarly debate on entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage of quoted pharmaceutical companies as the adoption of managers’ perspectives was subjective, and competitive advantage is not static, hence secondary data could be a future option for scholars. Keywords: Entrepreneurial orientation, Competitive advantage, Competitive Aggressiveness, Entrepreneurial autonomy, Innovation.
制药公司在确保人们获得高质量和负担得起的医疗服务方面发挥着重要作用。他们提供广泛的医疗服务，从预防保健到紧急服务。尽管制药公司对发达国家和发展中国家公民的社会和经济增长作出了贡献，但它们的业绩可能不如预期。这在竞争优势水平低下、市场份额增长下降、财务增长减少、生产率和客户保留率下降等方面都表现得很明显。本研究探讨创业导向对尼日利亚上市制药公司竞争优势的影响。本研究采用调查研究设计。该研究的对象是尼日利亚这些上市制药公司的308名执行经理、董事和市场部官员。资料收集采用有效可靠的问卷，Cronbach α值大于0.7。使用描述性和推断性工具对数据进行分析。使用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science)软件进行多元和层次回归分析，以确定变量的影响。结果发现，创业导向对尼日利亚上市制药公司的竞争优势有显著影响(相对值R2 = 0.265;F (5,296) = 22.726, p < 0.05)。本研究通过对创业取向进行拆解，考察各要素对竞争优势的影响，拓展了尼日利亚制药行业绩效的知识前沿。该研究是一项原创研究，它增加了关于上市制药公司创业取向和竞争优势的学术争论，因为采用管理者的观点是主观的，竞争优势不是静态的，因此二手数据可能是学者未来的选择。关键词:创业导向、竞争优势、竞争进取性、创业自主、创新
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Orientation and Competitive Advantage of Quoted Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria","authors":"V. Akpa","doi":"10.53819/81018102t4144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4144","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceutical companies play a significant role in ensuring that people have access to high-quality and affordable medical services. They provide a wide range of medical services, from preventative care to emergency services. Despite the contribution of pharmaceutical companies to the social and economic growth of citizens in both developed and developing countries, their performance may not have been as expected. This is evident in the poor level of competitive advantage, decline in market share growth, dwindling financial growth, decline in productivity and customer retention. This study investigated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage of quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was 308 executive manager, directors and marketing department official in these quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. Data was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire with a Cronbach alpha value greater than 0.7. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential tools. Multiple and Hierarchical Regression Analysis were used to determine the effect of the variables using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results revealed that entrepreneurial orientation had significant effect on competitive advantage of quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.265; F (5, 296) = 22.726, p < 0.05). The study expanded the frontier of knowledge on Nigerian pharmaceutical industry performance by unbundling entrepreneurial orientation to see how each element affected competitive advantage. The study is an original study and it adds to scholarly debate on entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage of quoted pharmaceutical companies as the adoption of managers’ perspectives was subjective, and competitive advantage is not static, hence secondary data could be a future option for scholars. Keywords: Entrepreneurial orientation, Competitive advantage, Competitive Aggressiveness, Entrepreneurial autonomy, Innovation.","PeriodicalId":14424,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Strategic Property Management","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79219684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This literature-based study assessed the influence of strategically implementing circular economy principles on the competitive advantage of manufacturing firms in Canada. Circular economy strategies, which are characterized by reduced resource input, waste, emission, and energy leakage, have risen in importance due to growing global sustainability concerns. Despite the known environmental and economic benefits of transitioning to a circular economy, a comprehensive understanding of its specific impact on competitive advantage has remained relatively unexplored, particularly within the context of the Canadian manufacturing sector. Through a systematic review and analysis of existing literature, this study illuminated the methods that firms adopted for this strategic transition. Such methods included the establishment of closed-loop supply chains, the integration of eco-design, and the shift towards product-as-a-service models. The study also identified and analyzed the challenges encountered during this process, including technical, financial, regulatory, and market barriers, and how firms strategically adapted to overcome these obstacles. The study finally examined the competitive outcomes of these circular economy strategies, assessing their impact on operational efficiency, cost savings, brand reputation, customer loyalty, and market differentiation. The research suggested that effectively implemented circular economy strategies could significantly enhance the sustainability and long-term resilience of Canadian manufacturing firms, while also contributing to competitive advantage. . Keywords: Circular Economy, Strategic Implementation, Competitive Advantage, Canadian Manufacturing Firms, Literature-Based Study
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Strategic Implementation of Circular Economy on the Competitive Advantage of Canadian Manufacturing Firms","authors":"Margarete J., Munro","doi":"10.53819/81018102t4143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4143","url":null,"abstract":"This literature-based study assessed the influence of strategically implementing circular economy principles on the competitive advantage of manufacturing firms in Canada. Circular economy strategies, which are characterized by reduced resource input, waste, emission, and energy leakage, have risen in importance due to growing global sustainability concerns. Despite the known environmental and economic benefits of transitioning to a circular economy, a comprehensive understanding of its specific impact on competitive advantage has remained relatively unexplored, particularly within the context of the Canadian manufacturing sector. Through a systematic review and analysis of existing literature, this study illuminated the methods that firms adopted for this strategic transition. Such methods included the establishment of closed-loop supply chains, the integration of eco-design, and the shift towards product-as-a-service models. The study also identified and analyzed the challenges encountered during this process, including technical, financial, regulatory, and market barriers, and how firms strategically adapted to overcome these obstacles. The study finally examined the competitive outcomes of these circular economy strategies, assessing their impact on operational efficiency, cost savings, brand reputation, customer loyalty, and market differentiation. The research suggested that effectively implemented circular economy strategies could significantly enhance the sustainability and long-term resilience of Canadian manufacturing firms, while also contributing to competitive advantage. . Keywords: Circular Economy, Strategic Implementation, Competitive Advantage, Canadian Manufacturing Firms, Literature-Based Study","PeriodicalId":14424,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Strategic Property Management","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80491174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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