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Evaluation of Promising Mungbean Genotypes at Central Terai of Nepal 评估尼泊尔中部德赖平原有前途的绿豆基因型
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.29322/ijsrp.14.01.2023.p14520
Anand Chaudhary, A. Mishra, M. Sah, Bisheswar Prasad Yadav, Pradeep Sah, Buddhiman Yonjan, Parashuram Budhathoki, Ram Das Chaudhary, Padam Paudel
: In order to select the superior genotypes for Nepal's central terai, sixteen mungbean varieties from the Grain Legume Research Program, Khajura, Banke, were tested at the Directorate of Agriculture Research, Parwanipur, Bara. In the years 2021 and 2022, an experiment with alpha lattice design and two replications were conducted on these genotypes. Plant height, number of pods per plant, seed per pod, 100 seed weight, flowering and maturity days from sowing, and yield ton per hectare (t/ha) were the parameters compared. Early maturation was observed in VC 1973A, VC 3890A, and VC 6148 during the two years of observation. In 2021, KPS # 1 produced the highest mean grain yield (0.50 t/ha), followed by CN 95 (0.42 t/ha), VC 3890A (0.41 t/ha), and Pant Mung 2 (0.40 t/ha). In contrast, in 2022, these genotypes' yields were 1.82 t/ha in KPS # 1, 1.79 t/ha in VC 3890A, 1.75 t/ha in Pant Mung 2, and 1.67 t/ha in CN 95. Due to the water-logged conditions brought on by heavy rainfall during the flowering to maturity period in 2021, the yield of test genotypes was low. The better genotypes may provide future varieties or serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding programs aimed at develop new varieties appropriate for Nepal's central terai.
:为了为尼泊尔中部德赖地区挑选优良的基因型,在巴拉省帕瓦尼普尔的农业研究局对来自班克省卡朱拉的谷物豆类研究计划的 16 个绿豆品种进行了测试。2021 年和 2022 年,对这些基因型进行了阿尔法格设计和两次重复的试验。比较的参数包括株高、每株荚果数、每荚种子数、百粒种子重量、播种后开花和成熟天数以及每公顷产量吨数(t/ha)。在两年的观察中,VC 1973A、VC 3890A 和 VC 6148 均出现了早熟现象。2021 年,KPS # 1 的平均谷物产量最高(0.50 吨/公顷),其次是 CN 95(0.42 吨/公顷)、VC 3890A(0.41 吨/公顷)和 Pant Mung 2(0.40 吨/公顷)。而在 2022 年,这些基因型的产量分别为:KPS #1(1.82 吨/公顷)、VC 3890A(1.79 吨/公顷)、Pant Mung 2(1.75 吨/公顷)和 CN 95(1.67 吨/公顷)。由于 2021 年开花至成熟期的强降雨造成的水渍条件,试验基因型的产量较低。较好的基因型可作为未来的品种,或作为育种计划的宝贵遗传资源,用于开发适合尼泊尔中部台地的新品种。
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引用次数: 0
Screening of Rapeseed Genotypes against Alternaria Leaf Blight Resistance at Nawalpur, Sarlahi 在萨尔拉希的纳瓦尔布尔对油菜籽基因型进行叶枯病抗性筛选
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.29322/ijsrp.14.01.2023.p14515
P. Wagle, B. P. Yadav, Santosh Rasaily, Anand Chaudhary, A. Mishra, S. Subedi
: Rapeseed is major oilseed crop of Nepal but its yield is limited due to various factors and one of the major limiting factors is leaf blight disease caused by Alternaria brassicae (Berk.). An experiment was conducted at Oilseed research Program, Nawalpur, Sarlahi, Nepal during two consecutive years viz. 2019 and 2020 to screen the rapeseed genotypes against alternaria leaf blight disease. The research was conducted in augments design with each genotype sown in two rows of 3 m length 30 cm apart and disease was allowed to develop naturally in the field. Four times scoring of disease was done starting from 49 days after sowing at seven days interval. Out of one hundred and ninety genotypes used in evaluation, there were no genotypes that were immune or completely resistant to the disease but thirty one genotypes during 2019 and eight genotypes during 2020 were found to be moderately resistant to the disease. One genotype ICT 2010-7 was found to be moderately susceptible in both the years’ observations. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) value for three genotypes (ICT 2001-6, ICT 2001-7, and ICT 2010-9) during 2019 and six genotypes (ICT 2010-7, S R O 2, ICT 2004-1, NGRC 2798, ICT 2004-42, and ICT 2006-3) during 2020 was lower (<400) representing lower disease progress. Hence the genotypes that were moderately resistant as well as have lower AUDPC value can be utilized in future by plant breeders and plant pathologist for development of tolerant varieties as durable resource for disease management.
:油菜籽是尼泊尔的主要油料作物,但由于各种因素,其产量受到限制,其中一个主要限制因素是由黄铜交替菌(Alternaria brassicae (Berk.))引起的叶枯病。2019 年和 2020 年连续两年在尼泊尔萨尔拉希纳瓦尔布尔的油菜籽研究计划中进行了一项实验,以筛选油菜籽基因型,使其免受交替孢属叶枯病的侵害。研究采用增量设计,每个基因型播种两行,每行 3 米长,间距 30 厘米,让病害在田间自然发展。从播种后 49 天开始进行四次病害评分,每次间隔七天。在用于评估的 190 个基因型中,没有免疫或完全抗病的基因型,但发现 2019 年的 31 个基因型和 2020 年的 8 个基因型具有中度抗病性。有一个基因型 ICT 2010-7 在这两年的观察中都被发现中度易感。2019 年的三个基因型(ICT 2001-6、ICT 2001-7 和 ICT 2010-9)和 2020 年的六个基因型(ICT 2010-7、S R O 2、ICT 2004-1、NGRC 2798、ICT 2004-42 和 ICT 2006-3)的病害进程曲线下面积(AUDPC)值较低(<400),表明病害进程较低。因此,植物育种者和植物病理学家今后可利用抗性适中且 AUDPC 值较低的基因型开发抗病品种,作为病害管理的持久资源。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of The Effectiveness of Restaurant Tax Collection in Increasing Regional Tax Revenue in The Regional Revenue Agency of Bekasi 餐饮业税收对增加勿加泗地区税收的有效性分析
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.29322/ijsrp.14.01.2023.p14527
Dian Wahyudin, Ninu Hindriani Astuti
Abstract. The implementation of fiscal decentralization is to give authority to the regions to explore and manage the potential to finance regional development. Taxes make a major contribution to development, one of which is the restaurant tax which is managed by the Regional Government with the Regional Revenue Agency as the collection agency. At the Regional Revenue Agency of Bekasi City, there is ineffectiveness in collecting restaurant tax. This can be seen from the revenue data which experienced a downward trend from 2018-2022. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of restaurant tax collection, analyze the inhibiting factors faced and efforts to overcome the inhibiting factors of restaurant tax collection. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data used in this research is primary data sourced from in-depth interviews with informants, while secondary data comes from documentation, literature books or studies. This research appointed 7 informants who were selected using purposive sampling technique with the focus of the research using an approach based on the opinion of Lubis and Huseini (2014: 35), namely the source, process and target approach. The results showed that: (1) The effectiveness of restaurant tax collection at the Regional Revenue Agency of Bekasi City is not optimal. (2) There are inhibiting factors, namely a. Internal factors related to the capability and composition of human resources, supporting infrastructure, SOPs that are not updated, the scope of inspection and no reward for employees, b. external factors consist of economic conditions (ex. covid conditions, inflation rate, economic growth, etc.), low taxpayer awareness, tax avoidance and tax evasion practices, there are still naughty taxpayers (3) Efforts made in overcoming internal inhibiting factors, namely by increasing the capability of human resources, embedded supervision and reward punishment systems, while for external factors are massive socialization and tax digitalization.
摘要实施财政权力下放是为了赋予各地区挖掘和管理地区发展潜力的权力。税收对发展做出了重大贡献,其中之一就是由地区政府管理、地区税务局作为征收机构的餐饮税。勿加泗市地区税务局在征收餐饮税方面效率低下。这可以从 2018-2022 年的收入数据中看出,该数据呈下降趋势。本研究的目的是分析餐饮业税收征收的有效性,分析所面临的抑制因素以及克服餐饮业税收征收抑制因素的努力。本研究采用定性描述法。本研究使用的数据主要来自对信息提供者的深入访谈,而二手数据则来自文件、文献书籍或研究报告。本研究根据 Lubis 和 Huseini(2014: 35)的观点,即来源、过程和目标方法,采用目的性抽样技术选取了 7 名信息提供者,并将其作为研究重点。结果显示(1)勿加西市地区税务局征收餐饮税的效果并不理想。(2) 存在抑制因素,即 a. 与人力资源的能力和构成、配套基础设施、未更新的标准操作程序、检查范围和未对员工进行奖励有关的内部因素,b. 外部因素包括经济条件(如气候条件、通货膨胀率、经济增长等)、纳税人意识淡薄、纳税人不了解税收政策、纳税人不愿意缴纳税款等。b.外部因素包括经济条件(如气候条件、通货膨胀率、经济增长等)、纳税人意识淡薄、避税和逃税行为、仍有顽皮的纳税人(3)努力克服内部抑制因素,即提高人力资源能力、嵌入式监督和奖惩制度,而外部因素则是大规模社会化和税收数字化。
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引用次数: 0
Comfort Factors In Private Healthcare Facilities In Cross River State Nigeria: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study 尼日利亚克罗斯河州私立医疗机构的舒适因素:描述性现象学研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.29322/ijsrp.14.01.2023.p14514
Kamgba Joseph Odu, Opue Job Agba, Kamgba Sebastien
: The study evaluates the meaning of comfort and explores factors that enhance it from the perspective of patients who received treatment at private healthcare facilities in Cross River State, Nigeria. The evaluation is focused on patients, patients' family members, and providers. The Delphi method was used with 15 participants: three providers, four family members, and seven patients. Data was collected within one week with two focus group meetings at a private medical facility. Content and descriptive analysis were used for the analysis of qualitative data. The instrument used for the two sessions of the focus group meetings was open questions, which were based on items to be evaluated by the participants. after the sessions, items in which consensus was obtained were again presented to participants so that participants could have enough time to re-evaluate what they said and their understanding. This promoted feedback. Content and thematic analysis produced seven categories: Meaning of comfort, Presence of family members, Communication on disease management Affordable cost of care, Staff behaviour towards patients, Privacy and confidentiality and Reduced treatment time in hospital The patients’ treatment journey in private healthcare facilities in Cross River State can be enhanced if the management of healthcare facilities improves on not only environmental factors in the hospitals but also psychosocial components of care such as appropriate communication, provision of information to patients, privacy, reduce noise, caring staff physical behaviours towards patients, affordable cost of care and inclusion of family members in the care equation.
:本研究从在尼日利亚克罗斯河州私立医疗机构接受治疗的患者的角度,评估了舒适的含义,并探讨了提高舒适度的因素。评估的重点是患者、患者家属和医疗服务提供者。研究采用德尔菲法,共有 15 人参与:3 名医疗服务提供者、4 名患者家属和 7 名患者。数据收集工作在一周内完成,在一家私人医疗机构举行了两次焦点小组会议。定性数据分析采用了内容分析和描述性分析。两场焦点小组会议使用的工具是开放式问题,这些问题是基于需要参与者评估的项目。会议结束后,再次向参与者展示已达成共识的项目,以便参与者有足够的时间重新评估他们所说的话和他们的理解。这促进了反馈。内容和主题分析产生了七个类别:舒适的含义、家庭成员的存在、疾病管理方面的沟通、可负担的护理费用、工作人员对病人的行为、隐私和保密性以及缩短在医院的治疗时间 如果医疗机构的管理部门不仅能改善医院的环境因素,还能改善护理的社会心理因素,如适当的沟通、向病人提供信息、隐私、减少噪音、工作人员对病人的体贴行为、可负担的护理费用以及将家庭成员纳入护理等式,就能改善病人在克罗斯河州私立医疗机构的治疗过程。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Geriatrics to Enhance Perioperative Care Practices: A Narrative Review 评估麻醉剂对老年病学的影响以加强围手术期护理实践:叙述性综述
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.29322/ijsrp.14.01.2023.p14533
Ashli Shaji, Gurulingappa I Herakal
- Elderly patients have altered physiology in systems such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, and metabolic systems, which influences the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anesthetic drugs used during surgery. The free percentage of anesthetic drugs available is also affected by variations in plasma protein concentrations in geriatric individuals. The death rate among older individuals rises after surgery due to various comorbidities which additionally impact the effect of anaesthetic drugs. Pre-or post-operation, the clinically significant parameters such as vital sign monitoring in geriatric patients, positioning, induction and maintenance doses of the anesthetic agent, and anesthesia type must be chosen carefully to optimize the perioperative care practices and better outcomes. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide current information on the effects of anesthetic agents on older patients, as well as to optimize perioperative care practices.
- 老年患者的心血管、呼吸、肾脏、消化和新陈代谢等系统的生理机能发生了改变,从而影响了手术中所用麻醉药物的药代动力学和药效学。老年患者血浆蛋白浓度的变化也会影响麻醉药物的游离比例。由于各种合并症,老年人在手术后的死亡率上升,这也影响了麻醉药物的效果。无论是手术前还是手术后,都必须谨慎选择具有临床意义的参数,如老年患者的生命体征监测、体位、麻醉剂的诱导和维持剂量以及麻醉类型等,以优化围手术期护理实践,获得更好的治疗效果。本综述旨在提供麻醉剂对老年患者影响的最新信息,并优化围术期护理实践。
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引用次数: 0
Using Technology and Integrated System Design to Address Disaster Management in the State of Texas 利用技术和综合系统设计解决得克萨斯州的灾害管理问题
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.29322/ijsrp.14.01.2023.p14530
Glory Joe-Ibekwe
- This research paper presents a comprehensive approach to disaster management, with a specific focus on preparedness for natural disasters in Texas. The study emphasizes the importance of early warning systems, utilizing advanced technologies like high-resolution satellite imagery and remote sensing data for effective disaster monitoring and response. The proposed integrated disaster management system is designed to enhance the resilience of communities through improved risk awareness, hazard monitoring
- 本研究论文介绍了一种全面的灾害管理方法,特别侧重于德克萨斯州的自然灾害防备工作。研究强调了预警系统的重要性,利用高分辨率卫星图像和遥感数据等先进技术进行有效的灾害监测和应对。拟议的综合灾害管理系统旨在通过提高风险意识、加强灾害监测和应对能力来增强社区的抗灾能力。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among people living with HIV visiting a Tertiary Health Institution in Edo State 评估在江户州一家三级医疗机构就诊的艾滋病毒感染者中乙型肝炎病毒感染的流行率
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.29322/ijsrp.14.01.2023.p14507
Iyoha U.J., I. K.O, Ebode N.O., Iredia Q.I., Alao B.M, Okodua M.A, Ogbeide J.O., Ugiagbe O.
Coinfection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global public health problem, with a more severe outcome than HBV or HIV mono-infections, including an increased risk for liver-related morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of HBV among people living with HIV attending Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State. A total of 250 samples each collected from different HIV subjects attending the antiretroviral clinic of the hospital were used for this study. Information regarding age, gender, occupation and marital status were obtained from the hospital register. The samples were analysed for HBV with standard laboratory techniques using serological test strips for preliminary diagnosis and HBV Diagnostic Test Strip (Colloidal Gold) for determination of the level of infectivity. The overall prevalence of HBV coinfection was 4%. The prevalence of the co-infection varied significantly (p≤0.05) with age, with the highest prevalence recorded among respondents 20-30years age range (26.7%), followed by >50years (6.7%) and 41-50 years (4%), while no prevalence was reported in those aged 0-19yrs. Females (7%) had a higher prevalence of co-infection than Males (3.8%) but this was statistically not significant (p>0.05). Based on marital status, the prevalence of co-infection was higher among the married (4.3%) than the singles (3.6%), but this difference was insignificant (p>0.05). There was also no significant variation (p>0.05) of co-infection with occupation, but farmers (5%) had the highest prevalence compared to other occupations in the studied population. In conclusion, this study found that the prevalence of HBV co-infection among the subjects was low (4%), but varied significantly with age, while there was no significant variation with gender, marital status and occupation. It was in this study, that there was a there was a low level of infectivity of HBV/HIV co-infection among respondents with chronic cases (0.8%) and acute cases (3.2%). Despite this low prevalence there is still the need for all concerned actors such as individuals, governmental and nongovernmental organisations to engage in practices to further reduce this prevalence and public awareness should be enforced especially to those who have little to no educational background on HIV/HBV co-infection.
人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)合并感染是一个全球性的公共卫生问题,其后果比 HBV 或 HIV 单感染更为严重,包括增加肝脏相关疾病的发病率和死亡率。本研究旨在调查在埃多州伊尔鲁阿市伊尔鲁阿专科教学医院就诊的艾滋病毒感染者中 HBV 的流行情况。本研究共使用了 250 份样本,每份样本均从在该医院抗逆转录病毒诊所就诊的不同 HIV 感染者处采集。有关年龄、性别、职业和婚姻状况的信息均来自医院登记册。样本采用标准实验室技术进行 HBV 分析,使用血清试纸进行初步诊断,使用 HBV 诊断试纸(胶体金)确定感染程度。HBV 合并感染的总体发病率为 4%。合并感染率随年龄的变化而显著不同(p≤0.05),20-30 岁年龄段的受访者合并感染率最高(26.7%),其次是大于 50 岁(6.7%)和 41-50 岁(4%),而 0-19 岁年龄段的受访者没有合并感染率报告。女性(7%)的合并感染率高于男性(3.8%),但在统计学上并不显著(P>0.05)。根据婚姻状况,已婚者(4.3%)的合并感染率高于单身者(3.6%),但差异不显著(P>0.05)。共同感染与职业也无明显差异(P>0.05),但与研究人群中的其他职业相比,农民(5%)的感染率最高。总之,本研究发现,受试者的 HBV 合并感染率较低(4%),但与年龄有显著差异,而与性别、婚姻状况和职业无显著差异。在这项研究中,慢性病例(0.8%)和急性病例(3.2%)受访者的 HBV/HIV 合并感染率较低。尽管感染率较低,但所有相关行为者(如个人、政府和非政府组织)仍有必要参与到进一步降低感染率的实践中来,并应加强公众意识,尤其是那些对艾滋病毒/乙肝病毒合并感染缺乏教育背景的人。
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引用次数: 0
Face Recognition Using Python and OpenCV: Review 使用 Python 和 OpenCV 进行人脸识别:回顾
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.29322/ijsrp.14.01.2023.p14508
Alyaa Abdelbar, Hana Haytham, Malak Ziad, Mariam Amr, Maya Haytham, Nermean Ashraf, Kareem Moussa, M. Saeed Darweesh
- The human faces are dynamic multidimensional systems that require good recognition processing techniques. Over
- 人脸是一个动态的多维系统,需要良好的识别处理技术。超过
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引用次数: 0
Screening of Rice Genotypes against Blast Disease in Blast Screening Nursery at Parwanipur, Bara 在巴拉 Parwanipur 的白叶枯病筛选苗圃中筛选抗白叶枯病的水稻基因型
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.29322/ijsrp.14.01.2023.p14516
P. Wagle, Bisheswar Prasad Yadav, Janga Bahadur Prasad, Anand Chaudhary, A. Mishra, Buddhiman Yonjan, Parashuram Budhathoki, Raj Kishor Mahato, Sundar Shrestha
: Various rice genotypes received from National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Dhanusha were tested against leaf blast disease at DoAR, Madhesh province, Parwanipur, Bara in 2020 and 2021. During 2020 four hundred and seven rice genotypes including susceptible and resistant check were evaluated whereas four hundred and sixty four rice genotypes including checks were evaluated in the year 2021. Sesbania bispinosa (Dhanicha) was planted around screening nursery to augment the diseases. Rice nursery was sown in single row of 1 m length designated for one entry and rows to rows distance maintained at 0.15 m. The disease scoring was done at 25 days after seeding using 0-9 scale for rice. During 2020, out of 407 evaluated genotypes; 32 genotypes were immune, 102 genotypes were resistant, 225 genotypes were moderately resistant, 38 genotypes were moderately susceptible, and 10 genotypes were susceptible against rice blast disease. During 2021, out of 464 genotypes evaluated 266 genotypes were immune, 161 genotypes were resistant, 35 genotypes were moderately resistant, and 2 genotypes were moderately susceptible against rice blast disease. The immune and resistant rice genotypes can be used as source of blast resistance for developing improved rice cultivars in future breeding program.
:2020 年和 2021 年,国家水稻研究计划(National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Dhanusha)提供的各种水稻基因型在巴拉省帕瓦尼普尔的马德西省水稻研究所(DoAR)进行了叶瘟病害测试。2020 年,对包括易感和抗性对照在内的四百零七个水稻基因型进行了评估;2021 年,对包括对照在内的四百六十四个水稻基因型进行了评估。在筛选苗圃周围种植了 Sesbania bispinosa(Dhanicha),以增强抗病性。水稻苗圃单行播种,每行 1 米,行间距保持 0.15 米。2020 年,在评估的 407 个基因型中,32 个基因型免疫,102 个基因型抗病,225 个基因型中抗,38 个基因型中感,10 个基因型感稻瘟病。2021 年期间,在评估的 464 个基因型中,266 个基因型对稻瘟病免疫,161 个基因型抗病,35 个基因型中度抗病,2 个基因型中度感病。免疫和抗性水稻基因型可作为稻瘟病抗性的来源,用于未来育种计划中改良水稻品种的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Covid 19 on Migrant workforce Covid 19 对移民劳动力的影响
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.29322/ijsrp.14.01.2023.p14505
Chandan Kumar
- Identified the impact of Covid during lockdown on informal in Hyderabad, Telangana. There were maximum migrant workers who work in industries and MNCs in Hyderabad and nearby cities. Their companies and MNCs got shut down and compelled to return. They were helpless and fragile to leave the city due to lack of thrive for survival. At that point of time, government schemes, Hospitals and medical guidance came to null. Many of them were not even aware of the Covid symptoms, so panicked and tense. Several people migrated from their working place to their hometowns (Maharastra, Andhra Pradesh, MP and Telangana) through National Highways by naked foot. As I found they didn’t have basic awareness about covid and enough to eat. The number of people was dying on the way, and they don’t know about tomorrow, they will be alive or not. As per data collection and analysis, number of people are barren handed with no finance, medical, accommodation and transportation. There is no management from government or industries/MNCs for them to shelter. They are forced to leave the place and suffer. Number of people died on the way only (person who have given interview, stated as they are living together). The government should be ready and manage a policy for them to tackle such situations, current schemes and policies are paralyzed at this point of time.
- 确定了 Covid 在封锁期间对特兰甘纳邦海得拉巴非正规部门的影响。在海得拉巴及附近城市的工业和跨国公司工作的外来务工人员最多。他们的公司和跨国公司被关闭,被迫返回。由于缺乏生存的动力,他们只能无助而脆弱地离开城市。此时,政府计划、医院和医疗指导都已失效。他们中的许多人甚至不知道 Covid 的症状,因此感到恐慌和紧张。一些人赤脚从工作地通过国家高速公路迁移回老家(马哈拉施特拉邦、安得拉邦、孟加拉邦和特伦甘纳邦)。我发现,他们对鸦片没有基本的认识,也没有足够的食物。途中死亡的人数很多,他们不知道明天还能不能活着。根据数据收集和分析,很多人都是手无缚鸡之力,没有资金、医疗、住宿和交通。政府或工业/跨国公司没有为他们提供庇护所。他们被迫离开这里,受尽折磨。只有一些人死在了路上(接受采访的人说,因为他们住在一起)。政府应做好准备,为他们制定一项政策来应对这种情况,目前的计划和政策都处于瘫痪状态。
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引用次数: 0
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