Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.19080/IJESNR.2020.23.556113
M. Asmare
In recent year single rows of E. globules tree planted along field boards have become a dominant feature of central highlands of Ethiopia. Different journals showed that different extracts of E. globulus leaf had varying degrees of inhibition on germination and seedling growth of S. nigrum weed and more inhibition was seen with higher concentrations. In present study, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts had the strongest inhibitory effects. Therefore, it is possible to use these two extracts as a component for production of bio-herbicides. Eucalyptus species caused drawbacks rather than improving the performance of the undergrowth vegetation unlike the mentioned multipurpose trees. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) offer plants chemical defences against herbivores and are known to influence intake and diet choice in both insect and mammalian herbivores. That is why eucalyptus leaf palatability to sheep and goat is reduced.
{"title":"Review on Interaction among Boundary Planted Eucalyptus Globules with Soil and Crop","authors":"M. Asmare","doi":"10.19080/IJESNR.2020.23.556113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2020.23.556113","url":null,"abstract":"In recent year single rows of E. globules tree planted along field boards have become a dominant feature of central highlands of Ethiopia. Different journals showed that different extracts of E. globulus leaf had varying degrees of inhibition on germination and seedling growth of S. nigrum weed and more inhibition was seen with higher concentrations. In present study, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts had the strongest inhibitory effects. Therefore, it is possible to use these two extracts as a component for production of bio-herbicides. Eucalyptus species caused drawbacks rather than improving the performance of the undergrowth vegetation unlike the mentioned multipurpose trees. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) offer plants chemical defences against herbivores and are known to influence intake and diet choice in both insect and mammalian herbivores. That is why eucalyptus leaf palatability to sheep and goat is reduced.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"84-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86298294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-24DOI: 10.19080/IJESNR.2020.23.556111
G Sibi
Food waste management is a difficult task which leads to food safety issues as disposal of food waste is major problem. Some traditional methods are used for disposal of food waste but are inferior. The anaerobic digestion has significance approach in food waste management. This method generally involves hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. Mainly thermophilic and mesophilic conditions are required for the anaerobic digestion process. For efficient process and stability in operational status, physiological parameters play immense role. The goal of given review is to produce biofuels by using various animal dungs for human welfare with respect to anaerobic digestion of food waste. This review covers the comparative study of different animal manures, bioreactors and process parameters involving in anaerobic digestion process.
{"title":"Comparative Study on Various Animal Manures and Process Parameters During Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste","authors":"G Sibi","doi":"10.19080/IJESNR.2020.23.556111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2020.23.556111","url":null,"abstract":"Food waste management is a difficult task which leads to food safety issues as disposal of food waste is major problem. Some traditional methods are used for disposal of food waste but are inferior. The anaerobic digestion has significance approach in food waste management. This method generally involves hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. Mainly thermophilic and mesophilic conditions are required for the anaerobic digestion process. For efficient process and stability in operational status, physiological parameters play immense role. The goal of given review is to produce biofuels by using various animal dungs for human welfare with respect to anaerobic digestion of food waste. This review covers the comparative study of different animal manures, bioreactors and process parameters involving in anaerobic digestion process.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78143814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-06DOI: 10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556108
R. Onyeneke, F. A. Iruo, C. Eze
The notion of systemic risks denominates the danger of destruction of a whole system by the mechanisms of nonlinear interactions between its agents in combination with circular causality between the system´s elementary dynamic processes and the macroscopic structures generated by them. An extensive body of empirical evidence demonstrates a fundamental homomorphism among systemic risks in all domains, from the systems of nature over those of technology up to society. This homomorphism, based on complexity science, allows to formulate cornerstones of a scientific theory resulting in several governance strategies, associated with policy implications, be it to protect ecosystems, technical infrastructure or, last not least, avoid undesired transformation processes in societies. The approach is exemplified here for the systemic risks associated with modern migration phenomena that has direct impact on sustainable development.
{"title":"Employment Creation and Constraints to Fish Farming in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria","authors":"R. Onyeneke, F. A. Iruo, C. Eze","doi":"10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556108","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of systemic risks denominates the danger of destruction of a whole system by the mechanisms of nonlinear interactions between its agents in combination with circular causality between the system´s elementary dynamic processes and the macroscopic structures generated by them. An extensive body of empirical evidence demonstrates a fundamental homomorphism among systemic risks in all domains, from the systems of nature over those of technology up to society. This homomorphism, based on complexity science, allows to formulate cornerstones of a scientific theory resulting in several governance strategies, associated with policy implications, be it to protect ecosystems, technical infrastructure or, last not least, avoid undesired transformation processes in societies. The approach is exemplified here for the systemic risks associated with modern migration phenomena that has direct impact on sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"48-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83754478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-06DOI: 10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556107
Klaus Lucas, Ortwin Renn
The notion of systemic risks denominates the danger of destruction of a whole system by the mechanisms of nonlinear interactions between its agents in combination with circular causality between the systems elementary dynamic processes and the macroscopic structures generated by them. An extensive body of empirical evidence demonstrates a fundamental homomorphism among systemic risks in all domains, from the systems of nature over those of technology up to society. This homomorphism, based on complexity science, allows to formulate cornerstones of a scientific theory resulting in several governance strategies, associated with policy implications, be it to protect ecosystems, technical infrastructure or, last not least, avoid undesired transformation processes in societies. The approach is exemplified here for the systemic risks associated with modern migration phenomena that has direct impact on sustainable development.
{"title":"Systemic Risks: Intersections between Science and Society with Policy Implications for Sustainability","authors":"Klaus Lucas, Ortwin Renn","doi":"10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556107","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of systemic risks denominates the danger of destruction of a whole system by the mechanisms of nonlinear interactions between its agents in combination with circular causality between the systems elementary dynamic processes and the macroscopic structures generated by them. An extensive body of empirical evidence demonstrates a fundamental homomorphism among systemic risks in all domains, from the systems of nature over those of technology up to society. This homomorphism, based on complexity science, allows to formulate cornerstones of a scientific theory resulting in several governance strategies, associated with policy implications, be it to protect ecosystems, technical infrastructure or, last not least, avoid undesired transformation processes in societies. The approach is exemplified here for the systemic risks associated with modern migration phenomena that has direct impact on sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"44-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83047258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-06DOI: 10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556110
Salma Kmiha-Megdiche, Z. Drira, H. Ayadi
A comparative approach of hydrological variables in order to clarify the abundance and diversity of the zooplankton community was investigated on a spring cruise in the Northern and Southern coastal waters of Sfax coupled with water-quality. Environmental and zooplankton data were taken across the tidal front TF, covering well-mixed MZ and frontal interface FI waters. Zooplankton abundance, structure, specific composition and life histories were analyzed in relation to depth, temperature, salinity, orthophosphate, major and trace elements and chlorophyll-a. Zooplankton-specific composition did not vary across the different zones but, due to differences in relative abundance in Southern and Northern part.
{"title":"Response of Zooplankton Population to Environmental Forcing: Case of Southern and Northern Coasts of Sfax, Tunisia","authors":"Salma Kmiha-Megdiche, Z. Drira, H. Ayadi","doi":"10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556110","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative approach of hydrological variables in order to clarify the abundance and diversity of the zooplankton community was investigated on a spring cruise in the Northern and Southern coastal waters of Sfax coupled with water-quality. Environmental and zooplankton data were taken across the tidal front TF, covering well-mixed MZ and frontal interface FI waters. Zooplankton abundance, structure, specific composition and life histories were analyzed in relation to depth, temperature, salinity, orthophosphate, major and trace elements and chlorophyll-a. Zooplankton-specific composition did not vary across the different zones but, due to differences in relative abundance in Southern and Northern part.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":"55-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84899433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-03DOI: 10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556106
H. Mishra, N. Raje, Arihant Jain, Awadhesh Kumar, A. Pente, Ankita Tiwari, DN Badodkar
Present work demonstrates the PCB waste characterization using solid state route. Microwave and resistive heating have been used for heating the PCB waste sample and inter-comparison studies have been carried out in order to understand the nature of volatiles and residue obtained during the two different heating processes. GC -MS was used to analyze the volatiles, collected during microwave heating and shows the presence of CO2 as major volatile. Simultaneous TG -DTA -EGA (FTIR) was used in air and inert atmospheres for online analysis of volatiles where CO2 was observed as major volatile in inert atmosphere along with moisture while CO evolution was also confirmed as major evolved gas along with CO2 and moisture in air atmosphere.
{"title":"E -Waste: Characterization and Disposal through Solid State Route","authors":"H. Mishra, N. Raje, Arihant Jain, Awadhesh Kumar, A. Pente, Ankita Tiwari, DN Badodkar","doi":"10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ijesnr.2020.23.556106","url":null,"abstract":"Present work demonstrates the PCB waste characterization using solid state route. Microwave and resistive heating have been used for heating the PCB waste sample and inter-comparison studies have been carried out in order to understand the nature of volatiles and residue obtained during the two different heating processes. GC -MS was used to analyze the volatiles, collected during microwave heating and shows the presence of CO2 as major volatile. Simultaneous TG -DTA -EGA (FTIR) was used in air and inert atmospheres for online analysis of volatiles where CO2 was observed as major volatile in inert atmosphere along with moisture while CO evolution was also confirmed as major evolved gas along with CO2 and moisture in air atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"33-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88167585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In urban area information on landuse and land cover is important for monitoring, planning and management land resources. Remote sensing satellite data and Geographical Information System (GIS) are vital tools in mapping of land use and land cover in urban areas because of availability of historical high resolution satellite data. In the present study landuse and landcover change analysis have been done in Baltana area of Zirakpur of Punjab and part of Sector-19, Panchkula city,Haryana. The study area is located between the latitudes 30 40'50.62”N to 30 40'6.91”N and longitudeso76 49'18.18”E to 76.50'5.61”E. The study area covers an area of 96.49 Hect. Google earth satellite data for the years 2002 and 2018 have been used in the study for change analysis in land use and land cover. The study shows that during 2002 to 2018 built-up area increased 29.57 Hect., agriculture land increased 2.92 Hect., agriculture plantation area increased 1.48 Hect., park area increased 0.54 Hect, road area increased 7.53 Hect,, vacant land area decreased 41.30 Hect and drainage area decreased 0.74 Hect. This study is highly useful for planning and management of land use and land cover in the study area.
{"title":"GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES APPROACH FOR LANDUSE AND LANDCOVER CHANGE ANALYSIS IN BALTANA OF ZIRAKPUR, PUNJAB AND PART OF SECTOR-19, PANCHKULA CITY, HARYANA","authors":"Anup Kumar, Km. Shivani, V. Arya","doi":"10.53390/ijes.v12i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijes.v12i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"In urban area information on landuse and land cover is important for monitoring, planning and management land resources. Remote sensing satellite data and Geographical Information System (GIS) are vital tools in mapping of land use and land cover in urban areas because of availability of historical high resolution satellite data. In the present study landuse and landcover change analysis have been done in Baltana area of Zirakpur of Punjab and part of Sector-19, Panchkula city,Haryana. The study area is located between the latitudes 30 40'50.62”N to 30 40'6.91”N and longitudeso76 49'18.18”E to 76.50'5.61”E. The study area covers an area of 96.49 Hect. Google earth satellite data for the years 2002 and 2018 have been used in the study for change analysis in land use and land cover. The study shows that during 2002 to 2018 built-up area increased 29.57 Hect., agriculture land increased 2.92 Hect., agriculture plantation area increased 1.48 Hect., park area increased 0.54 Hect, road area increased 7.53 Hect,, vacant land area decreased 41.30 Hect and drainage area decreased 0.74 Hect. This study is highly useful for planning and management of land use and land cover in the study area.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88722053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrobiological studies of Burhi Gandak river were carried out for a period of one year from March, 2019 to February, 2020 at two stations of urban area of Samastipur town, Bihar. The parameters taken included the water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, magnesium, and calcium. These properties were analyzed and compared with standard values recommended by bureau of Indian standards and world health organization. Present investigation was undertaken to ascertain the water quality status of Burhi Gandak river at Samastipur town. The results revealed that there were significant seasonal variations in most of the parameters; water was found to be hard, polluted and not suitable for domestic, agricultural and fish growth.
{"title":"HYDROBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF BURHI GANDAK RIVER NEAR URBAN AREA AT SAMASTIPUR (BIHAR)","authors":"Sarvesh Kumar","doi":"10.53390/ijes.v11i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijes.v11i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrobiological studies of Burhi Gandak river were carried out for a period of one year from March, 2019 to February, 2020 at two stations of urban area of Samastipur town, Bihar. The parameters taken included the water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, magnesium, and calcium. These properties were analyzed and compared with standard values recommended by bureau of Indian standards and world health organization. Present investigation was undertaken to ascertain the water quality status of Burhi Gandak river at Samastipur town. The results revealed that there were significant seasonal variations in most of the parameters; water was found to be hard, polluted and not suitable for domestic, agricultural and fish growth.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84620613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moringa concanensis Nimmo. ex Dalz. & Gibs. is rare economic important plant distributed in Indian desert. Plant parts are used for different medicinal purposes. Present study was conducted to assess its status in nature as well as different seed germination treatment for its ex-situ conservation. Study revealed that germination was 100% in coco-peat media while, it was 97.56% in polythene bags. Seedling mortality was more (39.46%) in coco-peat media. After transplantation seedlings showed 82% survival in field.
{"title":"PRESENT STATUS AND EX-SITU CONSERVATION OF MORINGA CONCANENSIS IN INDIAN DESERT","authors":"C. Purohit, R. Kulloli, Suresh Kumar","doi":"10.53390/ijes.v11i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijes.v11i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa concanensis Nimmo. ex Dalz. & Gibs. is rare economic important plant distributed in Indian desert. Plant parts are used for different medicinal purposes. Present study was conducted to assess its status in nature as well as different seed germination treatment for its ex-situ conservation. Study revealed that germination was 100% in coco-peat media while, it was 97.56% in polythene bags. Seedling mortality was more (39.46%) in coco-peat media. After transplantation seedlings showed 82% survival in field.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78213807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted to determine the effect of Greenshield Organic-Based Fortified Foliar Fertilizer on the growth, flowering and fruiting performance of Coffea robusta. The experiment was laid out using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), having six treatments and three replications. The treatments were: T1 – Untreated check (No fertilizer); T2 – RR of NPK fertilizer/ha; T3 – ½ RR NPK/ha; T4 – Greenshield Organic – Based Fortified Foliar Fertilizer at 100ml/li of water; T5 – ½ RR NPK + GOFF; and T6 – RR of NPK + GOFF. The result of the study revealed that different rates of Greenshield Organic – Based Fortified Foliar Fertilizer significantly affected the number of flowers and number of fruits, but not stem diameter. Results showed that the number of flowers at 30 Days after application was increased by T6 – RR of NPK + GOFF up to 36% higher than without applications. It also had the highest number of fruits in two weeks from flowering as much as 100% more fruits than GOFF alone and untreated. While no significant increase in terms of stem diameter was observed which ranged from 75 to 90 cm at 30 days after application.
{"title":"GROWTH, FLOWERING AND FRUITING PERFORMANCE OF COFFEE (COFFEA ROBUSTA) AS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIC-BASED FORTIFIED FOLIAR FERTILIZER","authors":"Alminda Magbalot-Fernandez, D. Fernández, S. Basu","doi":"10.53390/ijes.v11i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijes.v11i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to determine the effect of Greenshield Organic-Based Fortified Foliar Fertilizer on the growth, flowering and fruiting performance of Coffea robusta. The experiment was laid out using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), having six treatments and three replications. The treatments were: T1 – Untreated check (No fertilizer); T2 – RR of NPK fertilizer/ha; T3 – ½ RR NPK/ha; T4 – Greenshield Organic – Based Fortified Foliar Fertilizer at 100ml/li of water; T5 – ½ RR NPK + GOFF; and T6 – RR of NPK + GOFF. The result of the study revealed that different rates of Greenshield Organic – Based Fortified Foliar Fertilizer significantly affected the number of flowers and number of fruits, but not stem diameter. Results showed that the number of flowers at 30 Days after application was increased by T6 – RR of NPK + GOFF up to 36% higher than without applications. It also had the highest number of fruits in two weeks from flowering as much as 100% more fruits than GOFF alone and untreated. While no significant increase in terms of stem diameter was observed which ranged from 75 to 90 cm at 30 days after application.","PeriodicalId":14445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81161919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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