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RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM FOR TECHNO INDIA NJR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UDAIPUR 印度NJR技术工程学院雨水收集系统,乌代普尔
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.53390/ijes.v11i2.2
Sangeeta Choudhary, Nishant Sharma
Rainwater harvesting is a process of saving rainwater through the roof and open floor along the proper slope. Rajasthan is facing crises of water due to less rainfall every year. It is required to develop systems for collecting the rainwater from existing structures for fulfills water demand throughout the year. In this project, a rainwater harvesting system has been made for Techno India NJR campus through visual inspection, total station, theodolite, and GIS survey. Visual inspection has been done. Rainwater can be harvested through roofs of the academic block, workshop, hostel building, and I3 lab of the college. Some more area which is occupied by tiles and road was also considered for rainwater harvesting. The total built-up area for collecting rainwater is 9138.824 m2. Average rainfall in Udaipur is 689 mm/year and 6296.138 m3 volume of water can be saving through recharge in bore well. Two points have been selected based on the survey of the campus.
雨水收集是一个通过屋顶和沿适当斜坡的开放地板储存雨水的过程。由于每年降雨量减少,拉贾斯坦邦正面临水危机。需要开发从现有结构中收集雨水的系统,以满足全年的用水需求。在这个项目中,通过目测、全站仪、经纬仪和GIS测量,为Techno India NJR校园制作了一个雨水收集系统。目视检查已经完成。雨水可以通过学院的学术大楼、车间、宿舍大楼和I3实验室的屋顶收集。一些被瓦片和道路占用的区域也被考虑用于雨水收集。雨水收集建筑总面积为9138.824 m2。乌代普尔平均降雨量为689毫米/年,通过井内回灌可节约水量6296.138立方米。根据对校园的调查,选择了两点。
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引用次数: 1
SATELLITE DATA BASED LANDUSE AND LANDCOVER CHANGE ANALYSIS IN SOUTHEASTERN PART OF PANCHKULA CITY, HARYANA 基于卫星数据的哈里亚纳邦潘切库拉市东南部土地利用和土地覆盖变化分析
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.53390/ijes.v11i2.6
Anup Kumar, Shishupal Singh, V. Arya
Landuse refers to the use of land by human beings while the land cover refers to the natural cover on land. Landuse and land cover mapping is important for better developmental planning purpose. In the present time remote sensing satellite data, geographical information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) are widely used in mapping of land use and land cover. In the present study landuse and land cover change analysis of southeastern part of Panchkula city have been done using Google Earth satellite data of 2002 and 2018. Satellite data downloaded from Google Earth and geo-referenced in ArcGIS 10.4 software. Landuse and landcover classes had been interpreted and field visit was done at selected location to check the interpreted data. Final maps were prepared and area of landuse and land cover classes were calculated. The study shows that during the year 2002 to 2018 built-up land area increased 95.01Hect, agriculture land area increased 1.24Hect., river course area decreased 20.35 Hect., vacant land area decreased 119.43Hect., park area increased 14.64 Hect., open scrub area decreased 7.82 Hect., road area increased 7.21 Hect.,water body area increased 0.02 Hect. and forest area increased 30.48 Hect. The study can be used for monitoring land use and land cover for planning purpose in the study area.
土地利用是指人类对土地的利用,土地覆被是指土地上的自然覆被。土地用途和土地覆盖测绘对于更好地进行发展规划十分重要。目前,遥感卫星数据、地理信息系统(GIS)和全球定位系统(GPS)被广泛应用于土地利用和土地覆盖制图。本研究利用2002年和2018年谷歌地球卫星数据对潘切库拉市东南部土地利用和土地覆盖变化进行了分析。卫星数据从谷歌地球下载,并在ArcGIS 10.4软件中进行地理参考。对土地利用和土地覆盖分类进行了解释,并在选定地点进行了实地考察,以检查解释后的数据。绘制了最后的地图,并计算了土地利用和土地覆盖类别的面积。研究表明,2002 - 2018年,建成区用地面积增加了95.1公顷,农用地面积增加了1.24公顷。河道面积减少20.35公顷。,空置土地面积减少119.43公顷。,公园面积增加14.64公顷。,开放灌丛面积减少7.82公顷。,道路面积增加7.21公顷。,水体面积增加0.02公顷。森林面积增加30.48公顷。这项研究可用于监测研究区内的土地用途和土地覆盖情况,以供规划之用。
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引用次数: 1
GROUNDWATER QUALITY STUDY FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN PEHOWA BLOCK, KURUKSHETRA DISTRICT, HARYANA, INDIA 印度哈里亚纳邦kurukshetra地区pehowa区块饮用水水质研究
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.53390/ijes.v11i1.4
Anup Kumar, Balwinder Balwinder, V. Arya
Water is prime requirement for living beings to live on the planet earth. In the modern developmental activities, agricultural practices, industrial purposes and need of drinking water for increasing population resources of fresh water are depleting fast and creating crisis of water availability per capita. Haryana is an agricultural dominant state with requirement of water whole year for irrigation purpose. Besides agriculture demand water is also used in industrial purpose as well as increasing drinking water requirement for increasing population in the state. In the present study groundwater quality in Pehowa block which covers 548 sq. km. area in Kurukshetra district of Haryana state, India have been studied for drinking purpose. Nine groundwater samples were collected from different parts of the block in double capped plastic bottles. Groundwater samples were analyzed using field water testing kit prepared by Tamil nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Chennai for twelve chemical parameters-pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids, fluoride, iron, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and residual chlorine. Results of chemical analysis of groundwater samples shows that range of pH 7- 8, alkalinity 230-420 mg/l, hardness 100-280 mg/l, chloride 30-100 mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) 432-924 mg/l, fluoride 0.5 - 1.5 mg/l, iron nil in all groundwater samples, ammonia nil - 2 mg/l, nitrite 0.2- 0.5 mg/l, nitrate 45-75 mg/l, phosphate nil in all groundwater samples, and residual chlorine nil to 0.5 mg/l. The study shows that groundwater is non-potable at Bherian (nitrate 75 mg/l), Gumthala (nitrate 75 mg/l, ammonia 2 mg/l), Thana (nitrate 75 mg/l), Ramgarh (nitrate 75 mg/l), Mohanpur (nitrate 75 mg/l), Sarsa (nitrate 75mg/l), Tikri (ammonia 1 mg/l, residual chlorine 0.5 mg/l). Groundwater is potable in one groundwater sample taken at Bodha with respect of all the twelve chemical parameters of drinking water. The study is highly useful for monitoring groundwater quality for drinking purpose in the study area.
水是生命在地球上生存的首要条件。在现代发展活动中,农业实践、工业目的和为增加人口而需要饮用水的淡水资源正在迅速枯竭,并造成人均可用水的危机。哈里亚纳邦是一个以农业为主的邦,全年都需要灌溉用水。除了农业需求,水还用于工业目的,以及该州不断增长的人口对饮用水的需求。本文对占地548平方公里的佩霍瓦区块的地下水水质进行了研究。公里。印度哈里亚纳邦库鲁克谢特拉地区的一处区域已经被研究用于饮用。用双盖塑料瓶从该地块不同部位采集了9份地下水样本。采用金奈泰米尔纳德邦供排水委员会制作的现场水质检测试剂盒对地下水样品进行了12个化学参数的分析,包括ph值、碱度、硬度、氯化物、总溶解固体、氟化物、铁、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、氨、磷酸盐和余氯。地下水样品的化学分析结果表明,pH值为7 ~ 8,碱度为230 ~ 420 mg/l,硬度为100 ~ 280 mg/l,氯化物为30 ~ 100 mg/l,总溶解固形物(TDS)为432 ~ 924 mg/l,氟化物为0.5 ~ 1.5 mg/l,所有地下水样品中均含铁零,氨零~ 2 mg/l,亚硝酸盐0.2 ~ 0.5 mg/l,硝酸盐45 ~ 75 mg/l,磷酸盐零,余氯零~ 0.5 mg/l。研究表明,Bherian(硝酸盐75mg/l)、Gumthala(硝酸盐75mg/l、氨2 mg/l)、Thana(硝酸盐75mg/l)、Ramgarh(硝酸盐75mg/l)、Mohanpur(硝酸盐75mg/l)、Sarsa(硝酸盐75mg/l)、Tikri(氨1 mg/l、余氯0.5 mg/l)地下水不适合饮用。就饮用水的所有12种化学参数而言,在博达抽取的一份地下水样本是可饮用的。该研究对研究区饮用水水质监测具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
FACTORS AFFECTING FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN BIHAR, INDIA 影响印度比哈尔邦洪水管理的因素
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.53390/ijes.v11i1.5
Sangeeta Choudhary
Bihar is facing a flood problem every year. This paper includes all the major factors which increase flood level in Bihar such as heavy rainfall, a large number of rivers, topography of the area, sand mining, and silt accumulation. There are some factors which are directly responsible and others are indirectly responsible for flood hazard. Heavy rainfall and a large number of rivers are directly responsible factors. The capacity of rivers and reservoirs is reduced due to silt accumulation and deforestation upstream in Nepal is the reason behind silt accumulation in rivers and reservoirs through heavy rainfall. Watershed management is not very successful because most of the plain area. The hydrology of Bihar is also disturbed due to excess sand mining. The built-up area of the state is increasing and this is resulting in heavy surface runoff, because there is no open area to hold the water. The increased flow also washes the fertile soil of the agricultural area of Bihar
比哈尔邦每年都面临洪水问题。本文包括了导致比哈尔邦洪水水位上升的所有主要因素,如强降雨、大量河流、该地区地形、采砂和淤积。造成洪水灾害的因素有直接原因,也有间接原因。强降雨和大量河流是直接原因。泥沙淤积导致河流和水库的容量下降,尼泊尔上游的森林砍伐是暴雨导致河流和水库淤积泥沙的原因。流域管理不是很成功,因为大部分平原地区。比哈尔邦的水文也因过度采砂而受到干扰。该州的建筑面积正在增加,这导致了大量的地表径流,因为没有开放的区域来容纳水。增加的水流也冲刷着比哈尔邦农业区的肥沃土壤
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引用次数: 1
GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN BADHRA BLOCK, CHARKHI DADRI DISTRICT, HARYANA, INDIA 印度哈里亚纳邦charkhi dadri地区badhra区块饮用水水质评价
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.53390/ijes.v11i1.1
Anup Kumar, H. Himanshu, V. Arya
Water is important for survival of living beings and non-living developmental activities. In the present developmental scenario requirement of water is increasing very fast. In arid to semi-arid regions groundwater is very important for fulfilling the need of people. Badhra block is falling in Charkhi Dadri district of Haryana state, India. The climate of the block is semi-arid. Groundwater is the main source for drinking and irrigation purpose. In the study area ten groundwater samples were collected in the month of January, 2019. Groundwater samples were analyzed using field water testing kit prepared by Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Chennai for twelve chemical parameters-pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids, fluoride, iron, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and residual chlorine. In the groundwater samples pH varies from 7 to 7.5, alkalinity 250-450 mg/l,hardness 70 - 580 mg/l,chloride 60-600 mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) 564-1704 mg/l, fluoride 0.5-3 mg/l, iron nil in all groundwater samples, ammonia nil to 1 mg/l, nitrite 0.2- 0.5 mg/l, nitrate 45-75mg/l, phosphate nil to 0.5 mg/l, residual chlorine nil in all ten groundwater samples. Groundwater is potable in one sample taken at Dalawas and non-potable in nine groundwater samples taken at Lad (fluoride 2 mg/l, ammonia 1mg/l, nitrate 75mg/l), Badhara (fluoride 3mg/l), Kari (nitrate 75mg/l), Sisrli (nitrate 75mg/l), Dandma (nitrate 75mg/l), Jeoli (nitrite 75 mg/l), Mandi (nitrate 75 mg/l), Rahrodi (nitrate 75mg/l), Dohka (nitrate 75mg/l). The study is highly useful for monitoring of groundwater quality for drinking purpose.
水对生物的生存和非生物的发育活动都很重要。在目前的发展情况下,对水的需求增长非常快。在干旱半干旱地区,地下水是满足人们生活需要的重要资源。印度哈里亚纳邦Charkhi Dadri地区的Badhra地块正在倒塌。这个地区的气候是半干旱的。地下水是饮用和灌溉的主要水源。研究区于2019年1月采集了10份地下水样本。采用金奈泰米尔纳德邦供排水委员会制作的现场水质检测试剂盒,对地下水样品进行了ph、碱度、硬度、氯化物、总溶解固体、氟化物、铁、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、氨、磷酸盐和余氯等12个化学参数的分析。地下水样品pH值为7 ~ 7.5,碱度为250 ~ 450 mg/l,硬度为70 ~ 580 mg/l,氯化物60 ~ 600 mg/l,总溶解固体(TDS) 564 ~ 1704 mg/l,氟化物0.5 ~ 3mg /l,所有地下水样品中铁为零,氨为零~ 1mg /l,亚硝酸盐0.2 ~ 0.5 mg/l,硝酸盐45 ~ 75mg/l,磷酸盐为零~ 0.5 mg/l,余氯为零。在达拉瓦采得的一个地下水样本是可饮用的,而在Lad(氟化物2毫克/升、氨1毫克/升、硝酸盐75毫克/升)、Badhara(氟化物3毫克/升)、Kari(硝酸盐75毫克/升)、Sisrli(硝酸盐75毫克/升)、Dandma(硝酸盐75毫克/升)、Jeoli(亚硝酸盐75毫克/升)、Mandi(硝酸盐75毫克/升)、Rahrodi(硝酸盐75毫克/升)、Dohka(硝酸盐75毫克/升)采得的9个地下水样本是不可饮用的。该研究对饮用水水质监测具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of Climatic Factors on Spreading of Covid-19 Pandemic in Egypt During First Wave 2020 气候因素对2020年第一波埃及Covid-19大流行传播的影响
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/CAT.2021.145752
A. Moustafa, S. Mansour
The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the origin the COVID-19 pandemic, was stated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 It causes severe acute respiratory syndrome that leads to death Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has, to date, infected more than 79 million people globally foremost to more than 1 7 million deaths and an extraordinary impact on facilities Generally, this disease has rapidly disseminated all over the world in healthcare more than 200 countries including Egypt To understand the impact of temperature and humidity on outbreak of this disease in Egyptian environment, this study was carried out to describe current knowledge about the appearance and speed of COVID-19 transmission The daily recorded temperature (low and high T), and relative humidity (RH) in relation to the daily counts of COVID-19 cases in Egypt were evaluated This study was undertaken since the data of daily infected people collected and announced daily by the Egyptian Ministry of Health and population (beginning of March till the first week of August, 2020) The results of our collected data, analyzed by using Pearson test, showed that the values of minimum temperature has significant influence on the increase of infected cases of COVID-19 (r= 0 60, n=160, p <= 0 040) In the meantime, the multiple regression analysis revealed that the whole factors including minimum, maximum and relative humidity showed a positive significant relationship with the number of daily infected cases of COVID-19, (F ratio= 125 375, p <= 0 000) In parallel, the number of infection cases rapidly decreased with increasing in the recorded temperature, relative humidity and UV index
新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是COVID-19大流行的起源,于2019年12月在中国武汉被发现,它可引起导致死亡的严重急性呼吸系统综合征,迄今为止,冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2)已在全球感染了7900多万人,其中最重要的是超过170万人死亡,并对设施造成了巨大影响。该疾病已在包括埃及在内的200多个国家的医疗保健中迅速传播到世界各地。为了了解温度和湿度对埃及环境中该疾病爆发的影响,本研究描述了目前对COVID-19传播外观和速度的了解。和相对湿度(RH)与埃及的每日COVID-19病例的数量进行评估本研究开展以来每天日常感染者的数据收集和宣布,埃及卫生和人口部(3月初到8月的第一个星期,2020)收集的数据结果,分析了利用皮尔逊测试,表明,最低温度的值具有显著影响的增加感染病例COVID-19 (r = 0 60岁n=160, p <= 0 040)同时,多元回归分析显示,最小、最大、相对湿度等因子与日感染病例数呈显著正相关(F比= 125 375,p <= 0 000),同时,随着记录温度、相对湿度和紫外线指数的升高,日感染病例数迅速减少
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引用次数: 1
Chemical Analysis of Fine Particulate Matter: PM 2.5μg/m3 and PM 10μg/m3, in Cities: Prishtinë, Fushë Kosovë, and their Correlation between Pollutant Emission from TC “Kosovo”
Pub Date : 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.19080/ijesnr.2019.23.556105
Betim Ismajli, Dardane Caka, Bahrije Dobra, Skender Demaku
Kosovo is a very specific country, geographically, surrounded by all sides with the range, which is fundamentally protected, however, from the influence of the global climate, but in fact, how can this be defined when in many cases we encounter Pristina, as a city that has the primate in the world, of the day-to-day pollution of the environment, what is it that causes all this contamination, with a weak economy, why all this contamination, we have them, they are too weak filters (or have not installed them at all), then old vehicles, forest cutting, lakes contamination, above all, our awareness of a clean environment is lacking, almost will be ours. Therefore, in this project, we will present our findings, based on chemical analysis, in the cities; Pristina, Fushe Kosove, Obliq, the cities considered as the most polluted, therefore, the impact on the health of residents and many other environmental impacts, in the areas analyzed will bring a realistic picture of environmental pollution, a perimeter of approximately 30km, including a triangle of the three cities analyzed.
科索沃是一个非常特殊的国家,地理位置,四面包围的范围,从根本上保护,然而,从全球气候的影响,但事实上,这是如何定义的,在许多情况下,我们遇到普里什蒂纳,作为一个城市的灵长类动物世界的日常环境污染,是什么引起这些污染,经济疲软,这些污染的原因,我们有,它们的过滤器太弱(或者根本没有安装),然后是旧车辆,森林砍伐,湖泊污染,总之,我们对清洁环境的认识是缺乏的,几乎将是我们的。因此,在这个项目中,我们将展示我们的发现,基于化学分析,在城市;普里什蒂纳、科索沃富什、奥布利奇等被认为是污染最严重的城市,因此,对居民健康的影响和其他许多环境影响,在对这些地区进行分析后会带来一幅环境污染的现实画面,周长约30公里,其中包括一个三角形的三个城市进行分析。
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引用次数: 0
A Systems-Thinking View on Climate Change 气候变化的系统思维观
Pub Date : 2019-12-16 DOI: 10.19080/ijesnr.2019.23.556104
P. Blokland
Many perceptions exist regarding climate change. These perceptions determine the action that is given to this global challenge. To come to the right decisions and action, it is important that the quality of those perceptions is as high as possible, because wrong or inadequate decisions and action could have grave consequences for the people on planet Earth. A systems-thinking perspective can help in gaining the required quality of perception to effectively and efficiently address this global challenge.
关于气候变化存在许多看法。这些看法决定了应对这一全球挑战的行动。为了做出正确的决定和行动,重要的是这些感知的质量尽可能高,因为错误或不充分的决定和行动可能对地球上的人们造成严重后果。系统思维视角有助于获得所需的感知质量,从而有效和高效地应对这一全球挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Copernicus Mission – Advancement in Land Monitoring 哥白尼任务——土地监测的进展
Pub Date : 2019-12-13 DOI: 10.19080/ijesnr.2019.23.556101
N. Kranjčić, B. Đurin
Since 2014 European Union is launching Sentinel satellites under mission Copernicus in order to observe and monitor planet Earth and its environment. Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 are operable their collected data can be evaluated, while other satellites are intended to launch in upcoming years. In this paper we are reflecting on launched and to be launched satellites and their potential and advancement in land monitoring.
自2014年以来,欧盟在哥白尼任务下发射哨兵卫星,以观察和监测地球及其环境。哨兵1号、哨兵2号和哨兵3号可以运行,它们收集的数据可以进行评估,而其他卫星打算在未来几年内发射。本文对已发射和待发射卫星及其在陆地监测方面的潜力和进展进行了反思。
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引用次数: 0
Heavy Metal Concentrations in a Soil Irrigated with Treated Municipal Wastewater: Mixed Effects Models to Analyse the Effect Over time 处理过的城市污水灌溉土壤中重金属浓度:混合效应模型分析随时间的影响
Pub Date : 2019-12-10 DOI: 10.19080/ijesnr.2019.22.556100
R. Leogrande, P. Campi, C. Vitti, A. M. Stellacci, G. A. Vivaldi, S. Camposeo
In arid and semi-arid regions of the world, non-conventional waters may represent an important complementary irrigation source. To investigate potential soil contaminations risks, repeated measurement experiments and rigorous methodological approaches may be adopted to assess variations of contaminant concentrations in the soil, eliminating possible confounding effects due to correlations over time.
在世界干旱和半干旱地区,非常规水可能是一种重要的补充灌溉水源。为了调查潜在的土壤污染风险,可以采用重复的测量实验和严格的方法学方法来评估土壤中污染物浓度的变化,消除由于时间相关性而可能产生的混淆效应。
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引用次数: 2
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International Journal on Environmental Sciences
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