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Effect of lubrication on the wear behaviour of CrN coating deposited by PVD process 润滑对PVD沉积CrN涂层磨损性能的影响
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2019-02-25 DOI: 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2019.10019189
S. Singh, S. Chattopadhyaya, A. Pramanik, Sanjeev Kumar, A. Basak
This paper investigates the effect of SAE grade 20W50 engine oil as a lubricant on the wear behaviour of chromium nitride (CrN) coating deposited by PVD process at higher loads and speeds by pin on disc tribometer. The specific wear rate ranges from 9.82 × 10-5 to 2.87 × 10-5 mm3/Nm in dry condition whereas in lubricated condition 0.97 × 10-5 to 0.19 × 10-5 mm3/Nm. Successive increase of speed and load rises the temperature of wear track from 65°C to 178°C in dry condition while 34°C to 40°C in lubricated conditions results to decrease in friction coefficient, which has immense influence on the wear resistance of coating. The wear mechanism of the coatings was analysed by SEM and EDS and found deformation, cracks and, nitride particle pull-out, built up edge formation, erosion and adhesive wear coupled with oxidation wear. The highlights of the paper are: 1) tribology of CrN coating against cylinder liner material as counter face summarised; 2) research has practical applications for piston ring with the influence of engine oil; 3) temperature ranges from 65°C to 178°C in dry and 34°C to 39°C in lubrication during wear test; 4) the wear mechanism is combination of three body abrasion, metal transfer and oxidation.
采用针盘式摩擦计研究了SAE级20W50机油作为润滑剂对PVD工艺沉积的氮化铬(CrN)涂层在高载荷和高转速下磨损性能的影响。干燥工况下的比磨损率为9.82 × 10-5 ~ 2.87 × 10-5 mm3/Nm,润滑工况下的比磨损率为0.97 × 10-5 ~ 0.19 × 10-5 mm3/Nm。随着转速和载荷的不断增加,干燥工况下磨损轨迹温度从65℃上升到178℃,润滑工况下摩擦系数从34℃上升到40℃,摩擦系数下降,对涂层的耐磨性有较大影响。利用扫描电镜和能谱分析了涂层的磨损机理,发现了涂层的变形、裂纹和氮化物颗粒的脱落、边缘的形成、侵蚀和氧化磨损。本文的重点是:1)总结了CrN涂层与缸套材料作为反端面的摩擦学特性;2)研究具有实际应用价值的活塞环对机油的影响;3)磨损试验时,干燥温度范围为65℃~ 178℃,润滑温度范围为34℃~ 39℃;4)磨损机理是三体磨损、金属转移和氧化的结合。
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引用次数: 14
Surface-modified substrates for the Langmuir-Blodgett deposition of patterned ultra-thin and highly oriented collagen coatings 用于Langmuir-Blodgett沉积图案化超薄和高取向胶原涂层的表面改性基底
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2019-02-25 DOI: 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2019.10019180
Karina Ambrock, B. Grohe, S. Mittler
As a pre-study for highly oriented collagen coatings on implants (with irregular surfaces and shapes), the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technology, a low-cost and straightforward approach, was pioneered. The effects of physicochemical (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) patterns and 3D-mechanical barriers present on substrate surfaces are studied in terms of the dynamics of collagen flow during LB film deposition and the formation of highly oriented coatings. Due to the large internal cohesion of collagen films, only large 3D-obstacles deflect the flow of collagen and lead to film rupture, suggesting that objects (screw-threaded dental implants) with small topographic features should be easily and evenly coatable. Moreover, hydrophilic/hydrophobic/collagen patterned substrate surfaces were fabricated, by partly removing coated collagen. These substrates are outstanding for timely studies that need identical conditions but different surface properties side by side. Crystallisation of barium oxalate was carried out as a proof-of-principle.
作为植入物(不规则表面和形状)上高度定向胶原蛋白涂层的预研究,Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)技术是一种低成本和直接的方法。根据LB膜沉积过程中胶原流动的动力学和高取向涂层的形成,研究了基材表面存在的物理化学(亲水/疏水)模式和3d机械屏障的影响。由于胶原膜具有较大的内聚性,只有较大的3d障碍物才会使胶原蛋白的流动发生偏转,导致膜破裂,提示具有较小地形特征的物体(螺纹种植体)应易于均匀涂覆。此外,通过部分去除涂层的胶原蛋白,制备了亲水/疏水/胶原蛋白图案的底物表面。这些衬底对于需要相同条件但不同表面特性的及时研究是杰出的。草酸钡的结晶是作为一种原理证明。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles on tribological behaviour of Mg-6Al alloy-based nanocomposites Al2O3纳米颗粒对Mg-6Al基纳米复合材料摩擦学性能的影响
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2018.10017970
K. B. Mardi, A. Dixit, A. Mallick, A. R. Reddy
This paper investigates the tribological properties of Mg-6Al alloy-based nanocomposites reinforced with nano-size alumina nanoparticles. Dry sliding wear tests were performed in the pin-on-disc arrangement opposite to a D2 steel counterface under various sliding velocities 0.8-2.0 m/s with 10 N, 30 N and 60 N normal loads at room temperatures. The variations in volumetric wear rate and friction coefficient with the sliding distances 300 m for different normal loads and sliding velocities were analysed. The worn pins and wear debris were then examined to reveal its wear features using a field emission scanning electron microscopy. The outcomes of the study reveal that there is a gradual decrease in wear rates with sliding speeds under all load conditions. The values of friction coefficient for nanocomposites varies between 0.15-0.23 and reaches minimums at 2.0 m/s under 10 N and 1.8 m/s under 30 N and 60 N load.
研究了纳米氧化铝增强Mg-6Al基纳米复合材料的摩擦学性能。在10 N、30 N和60 N的正常载荷下,在与D2钢面相反的销盘布置下,在0.8-2.0 m/s的不同滑动速度下进行干滑动磨损试验。分析了不同法向载荷和不同滑动速度下,体积磨损率和摩擦系数随滑动距离300 m的变化规律。然后使用场发射扫描电子显微镜检查磨损的销钉和磨损碎片,以揭示其磨损特征。研究结果表明,在所有载荷条件下,随着滑动速度的增加,磨损率逐渐降低。纳米复合材料的摩擦系数在0.15 ~ 0.23之间变化,在2.0 m/s和1.8 m/s下达到最小,分别在10 N和30 N和60 N载荷下达到最小。
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引用次数: 4
The effect of polymeric biomaterial binder content on corrosion behaviour, magnetic and tribological properties of the magnetic composite based on RE-M-B powder 聚合物生物材料粘结剂含量对RE-M-B粉末磁性复合材料腐蚀行为、磁性和摩擦学性能的影响
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2018.10017967
D. Klimecka-Tatar, K. Radomska, G. Pawłowska, P. Pawlik
The electrochemical characteristics of the RE-M-B magnetic powder bonded with polymeric biomaterial have been presented. It has been proven that the ratio of the binder to the magnetic powder effect on the surface roughness of the final magnetic material. With the increase of surface roughness also increases in the actual area of the metallic material contact with an aggressive environment - increased surface roughness promotes penetration of the corrosion medium into the material and consequently is favourable for the corrosive destruction. In the article the results of roughness measurements, vibratory magnetometer, microscopic analysis (2D) and corrosion tests in two corrosive environments: 0.5 M solution of sulphate acidified to pH = 2 and Ringer's solution (pH = 6) have been presented. All tests had been carried out on magnetic composite based on Nd-(Fe, Co)-B magnetic powder bonded with polymeric biomaterial.
研究了稀土- m - b磁粉与高分子生物材料结合后的电化学特性。实验证明,粘结剂与磁粉的配比对最终磁性材料的表面粗糙度有影响。随着表面粗糙度的增加,金属材料与腐蚀性环境接触的实际面积也会增加——表面粗糙度的增加促进腐蚀介质渗透到材料中,从而有利于腐蚀破坏。本文介绍了在0.5 M酸化至pH = 2的硫酸盐溶液和pH = 6的林格氏溶液两种腐蚀环境中粗糙度测量、振动磁强计、微观分析(2D)和腐蚀试验的结果。将Nd-(Fe, Co)- b磁性粉末与高分子生物材料结合制成磁性复合材料。
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引用次数: 0
Tribological properties of bronze filled PTFE under dry sliding conditions and aqueous environments (distilled water and sea water) 干滑动条件和水环境(蒸馏水和海水)下青铜填充PTFE的摩擦学性能
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2018.10017966
Mohammad Jebran Khan, M. F. Wani, Rajat Gupta
The tribological behaviour of 60 wt. % bronze filled PTFE sliding against AISI 420 stainless steel in ambient air, distilled water and sea water was investigated. The experiments were conducted on a pin on disc tribometer at room temperature at a normal load of 10N. The bronze filled PTFE showed superior tribological performance in sea water as compared to distilled water and dry sliding. The lowest average coefficient of friction (0.045) and lowest specific wear rate (1.10 × 10‒5mm3/Nm) were observed under sea water environment. Surface morphological and surface analytical studies were conducted using optical microscopy, SEM, EDS and 3D surface profilometer to reveal wear mechanisms. From profilometric traces of counterface, it was observed that there was no increase in the surface roughness of the counterface after sliding against bronze filled PTFE in sea water and hence indirect corrosive wear is not the dominant wear mechanism.
研究了60wt.%青铜填充PTFE在环境空气、蒸馏水和海水中与AISI 420不锈钢滑动的摩擦学行为。实验是在销盘式摩擦计上在室温下在10N的正常载荷下进行的。与蒸馏水和干滑动相比,青铜填充PTFE在海水中表现出优异的摩擦学性能。海水环境下平均摩擦系数最低(0.045),比磨损率最低(1.10×10-5m3/Nm)。使用光学显微镜、SEM、EDS和3D表面轮廓仪进行了表面形态和表面分析研究,以揭示磨损机制。从对立面的轮廓测量痕迹中可以观察到,在海水中与填充青铜的PTFE滑动后,对立面的表面粗糙度没有增加,因此间接腐蚀性磨损不是主要的磨损机制。
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引用次数: 8
Tribological study on hybrid reinforced aluminium-based metal matrix composites 混杂增强铝基金属基复合材料摩擦学研究
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2018.10017975
T. Panneerselvam, T. K. Kandavel, K. Arun, V. Dineshkumar
The demand for aluminium-based metal matrix composites is growing in aerospace and automotive industries because of its good corrosion resistance and high strength to weight ratio. The present work focuses on tribological characteristics of stir cast hybrid composites synthesised with AA6063, Boron carbide and zirconium silicate. Composite specimens were prepared with three percentages of reinforcement materials by weight, i.e., 3%, 6% and 9%, and the matrix material at 88%. Tribological experiments were conducted on the specimens with a pin-on-disc tribometer, using L9 orthogonal array experiments with various parameters including load, speed and time. SEM and optical micrographs were employed to investigate the mode of wear mechanism on worn out surfaces of the specimens. The investigation has confirmed that the hybrid composite synthesised with 3% boron carbide and 9% zirconium silicate has shown an enhanced wear resistance with a lower coefficient of friction as compared to the other composites.
航空航天和汽车工业对铝基金属基复合材料的需求正在增长,因为它具有良好的耐腐蚀性和高强度重量比。研究了以AA6063、碳化硼和硅酸锆为原料合成的搅拌铸造复合材料的摩擦学性能。复合材料试样由三种重量百分比的增强材料制备,即3%、6%和9%,基质材料为88%。采用L9正交阵列实验,在载荷、速度和时间等不同参数下,用销盘式摩擦计对试样进行了摩擦学实验。采用扫描电镜和光学显微照片研究了试样磨损表面的磨损机制。研究证实,与其他复合材料相比,用3%碳化硼和9%硅酸锆合成的混合复合材料显示出增强的耐磨性和更低的摩擦系数。
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引用次数: 4
Wear and friction behaviour of aluminium metal composite reinforced with graphite particles 石墨颗粒增强铝-金属复合材料的磨损与摩擦性能
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2018.10017972
V. Sharma, R. Singh, R. Chaudhary
Present paper discusses the effect of graphite powder on the wear and friction properties of aluminium melt. The aluminium graphite composite was fabricated using the stir casting technique. Three different amounts of graphite particle with 2 wt. %, 4 wt. % and 6 wt. % are used for the fabrication of the composite. Pin on disc experiments were performed as per ASTM-G99 between aluminium graphite (Al-Gr) composite and mild steel tribopair. Scanning electron microscope images for the worn Al-Gr composite were obtained to study the wear of the composite. It is observed that graphite particles help in reducing the wear and friction coefficient of the aluminium.
本文讨论了石墨粉对铝熔体磨损和摩擦性能的影响。采用搅拌铸造技术制备了铝-石墨复合材料。具有2重量%、4重量%和6重量%的三种不同量的石墨颗粒用于复合材料的制造。根据ASTM-G99在铝-石墨(Al-Gr)复合材料和软钢摩擦副之间进行销-盘实验。获得了磨损的Al-Gr复合材料的扫描电子显微镜图像,以研究该复合材料的磨损。据观察,石墨颗粒有助于降低铝的磨损和摩擦系数。
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引用次数: 14
Effect of mechanical milling of fly ash on friction and wear response of brake friction composites 机械铣削粉煤灰对制动摩擦复合材料摩擦磨损响应的影响
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2018.10017973
Vishal Ahlawat, S. Kajal, Anuradha Parinam
The effect of milled fly ash on the tribological response of brake friction composites is studied. Two specimens were developed using raw fly ash (RFA) and milled fly ash (MFA) and tested for the friction and wear performance at different loads (50-100 N) with sliding velocities varying from 1.7 to 3.3 m/s. It was observed that the spherically shaped RFA particles transformed into rough and uneven shaped particles after ball milling. The particle size range was found to be 22.05-206.19 μm before milling which reduced to 3.02-40.64 μm after milling while the specific surface area increased from 138.23 m2/m3 to 1008.98 m2/m3. The μavg of RFA specimen varied from 0.23 to 0.57 during braking conditions. However, the MFA specimen experienced approximately a constant value of 0.52 at 50 N with the increase in sliding velocities, whereas slight variation was observed at higher loads. The results showed that the mechanical milling enhances the stability and consistency of friction coefficient as compared to raw fly ash.
研究了粉煤灰粉磨对制动摩擦复合材料摩擦学响应的影响。采用生粉煤灰(RFA)和磨粉煤灰(MFA)制备了两个试样,在不同载荷(50-100 N)和滑动速度(1.7 ~ 3.3 m/s)下进行了摩擦磨损性能测试。球磨后,球形RFA颗粒转变为粗糙和不均匀的颗粒。磨矿前的粒径范围为22.05 ~ 206.19 μm,磨矿后的粒径范围为3.02 ~ 40.64 μm,比表面积从138.23 m2/m3增加到1008.98 m2/m3。制动工况下RFA试样的μavg变化范围为0.23 ~ 0.57。然而,随着滑动速度的增加,MFA试样在50 N时经历了大约恒定的0.52值,而在更高的载荷下观察到轻微的变化。结果表明,与原粉煤灰相比,机械磨粉提高了摩擦系数的稳定性和一致性。
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引用次数: 6
A comparative study of tribological and mechanical properties of composite polymer coatings on bearing steel 轴承钢表面聚合物复合涂层摩擦学性能与力学性能的比较研究
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2018.10017968
Anand Singh Rathaur, J. Katiyar, V. Patel, S. Bhaumik, A. Sharma
In this study, epoxy and SU-8 resin along with its composites was coated over bearing steel. The graphite, talc and base oil were used to fabricate the composites using spin-coater. The tribological and surface characterisation tests were performed on both type of polymer and its composite using ball-on-disk setup, optical microscope, 3D optical profilometer, and goniometer, respectively. From the results, it can be seen that epoxy and its composites polymer showed lower coefficient of friction (~0.16), high wear resistance properties (> 102 times), improvement in mechanical properties (elastic modulus and hardness) (~3-4 times) and better hydrophobic nature as compared to SU-8 polymer (~34%) and its composites. Furthermore, a neural network model was developed to determine the influential parameters on specific wear rate and coefficient of friction.
在本研究中,将环氧树脂和SU-8树脂及其复合材料涂覆在轴承钢上。以石墨、滑石和基础油为原料,采用旋涂法制备了复合材料。分别使用盘上球装置、光学显微镜、3D光学轮廓仪和角度仪对这两种类型的聚合物及其复合材料进行了摩擦学和表面表征测试。从结果可以看出,与SU-8聚合物(~34%)及其复合材料相比,环氧树脂及其复合材料聚合物表现出较低的摩擦系数(~0.16)、较高的耐磨性能(>102倍)、机械性能(弹性模量和硬度)的提高(~3-4倍)和更好的疏水性。此外,还建立了一个神经网络模型来确定对比磨损率和摩擦系数的影响参数。
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引用次数: 14
A comparative study for the leverage of micro and nano SiC fillers on thermo-mechanical and erosion wear peculiarity of woven glass fibre-based vinyl ester composites 微纳米SiC填料对机织玻璃纤维基乙烯酯复合材料热力学和冲蚀磨损特性的影响比较研究
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2018.10017977
A. K. Pun, Siddhartha
The impact of micro and nano silicon carbide (SiC) filler addition on thermo-mechanical behaviour and erosion wear is investigated. Woven glass-vinyl ester composites are developed, filled with 5 wt% and 10 wt% of micro and nano SiC fillers, respectively. Filler less composites are also prepared for comparative study. Thermo-mechanical characterisation of composites is done as per ASTM standards. Erosion wear test is performed on composites for various angles of impact (30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°) and impact velocities (30, 55 and 80 m/s). Silica sand as an erodent particle with size of 300, 450 and 600 μm is used for the experimental work. Taguchi statistical method is used for design of experiments to optimise the process parameters. Results reflect that nanocomposites filled with 10 wt% of nano SiC filler performed best amongst the whole lot. VIKOR method is also implemented for fabricated composites to optimise their performance.
研究了添加微纳米碳化硅填料对合金热力学性能和冲蚀磨损的影响。研制了玻璃-乙烯基酯机织复合材料,其填充量分别为5%和10%。制备了无填料复合材料进行对比研究。复合材料的热力学特性是按照ASTM标准进行的。在不同的冲击角度(30°、45°、60°、75°和90°)和冲击速度(30、55和80 m/s)下,对复合材料进行冲蚀磨损试验。实验采用粒径为300 μm、450 μm和600 μm的硅砂作为侵蚀颗粒。采用田口统计方法进行实验设计,优化工艺参数。结果表明,纳米SiC填充量为10%的纳米复合材料性能最好。VIKOR方法也适用于复合材料的制造,以优化其性能。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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