Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2021.10037024
W. Karen, J. X. Ooi, Zhipeng Wang, N. J. Siambun, W. Liew, W. Muzammil, K. Sopian, G. Melvin
Carbonisation process is a way in exploiting rice husk to produce alternative carbon material. In this study, rice husk was carbonised at 500°C, 2 h in inert environment. Mild hydrothermal treatment of carbonised rice husk was conducted by using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium persulfate (KPS) as reactants in different parameters: 1) the reactants molar ratio; 2) reaction time. The treated carbonised rice husks were tested for its dispersion, morphology observation, elements and functional groups determination. From the results, the modified carbonised rice husks showed improvement in its dispersion with polar solvent while no defects in the structures were observed from the SEM images. High oxygen content was found in EDX analysis for modified carbonised rice husks treated in KOH: KPS with molar ratio of 3:1. The presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups from the FTIR spectra shows that the treatment successfully introduced functional group to the carbonised rice husk surface.
{"title":"Surface modification of carbonised waste rice husks by mild hydrothermal treatment","authors":"W. Karen, J. X. Ooi, Zhipeng Wang, N. J. Siambun, W. Liew, W. Muzammil, K. Sopian, G. Melvin","doi":"10.1504/IJSURFSE.2021.10037024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSURFSE.2021.10037024","url":null,"abstract":"Carbonisation process is a way in exploiting rice husk to produce alternative carbon material. In this study, rice husk was carbonised at 500°C, 2 h in inert environment. Mild hydrothermal treatment of carbonised rice husk was conducted by using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium persulfate (KPS) as reactants in different parameters: 1) the reactants molar ratio; 2) reaction time. The treated carbonised rice husks were tested for its dispersion, morphology observation, elements and functional groups determination. From the results, the modified carbonised rice husks showed improvement in its dispersion with polar solvent while no defects in the structures were observed from the SEM images. High oxygen content was found in EDX analysis for modified carbonised rice husks treated in KOH: KPS with molar ratio of 3:1. The presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups from the FTIR spectra shows that the treatment successfully introduced functional group to the carbonised rice husk surface.","PeriodicalId":14460,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47855296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10034487
M. S. Libório, E. Almeida, S. Alves, T. Costa, M. Feitor, R. M. Nascimento, R. Sousa, M. Naeem, Mohsan Jelani
AISI M2 high-speed steels are widely used in cutting/forming tools due to their easy machinability and balanced toughness. Unfortunately, they exhibit severe cutting edge wear, which reduces their useful lifetime. The lifetime of such steels can be improved by titanium nitride hard coating. However, in sliding wear applications having a metal-to-metal contact, such coatings exhibit low adhesion to the substrate due to substantial hardness differences among coating and substrate. Here, plasma nitriding is performed before the deposition of magnetron sputtered-TiN coating using various nitriding parameters to find whether the surface properties of the duplex treated sample can be altered by changing these parameters or not. It is found that the surface hardness and hardening depth can be improved by using the duplex treatment as compared to only TiN coating. A significant decrease in wear rate is attained using the duplex treatment and substantial improvement by altering the plasma nitriding parameters.
{"title":"Enhanced surface properties of M2 steel by plasma nitriding pre-treatment and magnetron sputtered TiN coating","authors":"M. S. Libório, E. Almeida, S. Alves, T. Costa, M. Feitor, R. M. Nascimento, R. Sousa, M. Naeem, Mohsan Jelani","doi":"10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10034487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10034487","url":null,"abstract":"AISI M2 high-speed steels are widely used in cutting/forming tools due to their easy machinability and balanced toughness. Unfortunately, they exhibit severe cutting edge wear, which reduces their useful lifetime. The lifetime of such steels can be improved by titanium nitride hard coating. However, in sliding wear applications having a metal-to-metal contact, such coatings exhibit low adhesion to the substrate due to substantial hardness differences among coating and substrate. Here, plasma nitriding is performed before the deposition of magnetron sputtered-TiN coating using various nitriding parameters to find whether the surface properties of the duplex treated sample can be altered by changing these parameters or not. It is found that the surface hardness and hardening depth can be improved by using the duplex treatment as compared to only TiN coating. A significant decrease in wear rate is attained using the duplex treatment and substantial improvement by altering the plasma nitriding parameters.","PeriodicalId":14460,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48947680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10034488
M. Cojocaru, M. Branzei, M. Ion, L. Drugặ
Carbamide (technical grade urea) is frequently used as a highly efficient active component in the mediums used for ferritic or austenitic nitrocarburising processes, and across a wide range of temperature values, ranging from values below 590°C required for achieving the ferritic nitrocarburising process, to values above 800°C required for the austenitic nitrocarburising process. The carbamide activity generates a particularly intense layer of growth kinetics. This paper studies the ability of carbamide to supply nitrogen and carbon, in the temperature range 550-950°C. It was concluded that this process varies by temperature, and for a composition of the solid powdery medium (35% carbamide, 50% carbon, 10% sulphur and 5% ammonium chloride) at 820°C the carbon potential level is higher compared to the nitrogen one.
{"title":"Activity modification of a new type of carbamide-based non-polluting solid powdery medium used in the sulphonitrocarburising process","authors":"M. Cojocaru, M. Branzei, M. Ion, L. Drugặ","doi":"10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10034488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10034488","url":null,"abstract":"Carbamide (technical grade urea) is frequently used as a highly efficient active component in the mediums used for ferritic or austenitic nitrocarburising processes, and across a wide range of temperature values, ranging from values below 590°C required for achieving the ferritic nitrocarburising process, to values above 800°C required for the austenitic nitrocarburising process. The carbamide activity generates a particularly intense layer of growth kinetics. This paper studies the ability of carbamide to supply nitrogen and carbon, in the temperature range 550-950°C. It was concluded that this process varies by temperature, and for a composition of the solid powdery medium (35% carbamide, 50% carbon, 10% sulphur and 5% ammonium chloride) at 820°C the carbon potential level is higher compared to the nitrogen one.","PeriodicalId":14460,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43179935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10034489
K. Widi, W. Sujana, T. Rahardjo
Steel with microporous formation on surface layers is very important as self-lubricant and damping material. In this new method, AISI 4140 steel was subjected in two step combination treatment. First step is boost nitriding gas in fluidised bed reactor for 4 hours at 550°C and the second step is diffusion nitriding gas for 2 h at 550°C in muffle reactors. The diffusion without protective gas where air was present was applied after nitriding treatment in muffle reactors to release excess nitrogen which leads to microporous formation. This mechanism significantly increases surface porosity. The microporous formation at e layer during diffusion at nitriding process is controlled by reaction formation of N2, NO, Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 which depends on the atmosphere condition in the muffle reactor. The dynamics of atoms during these formations create tensile and compressive stress in the grain boundary that increases porosity formation.
{"title":"Surface microporous formation on AISI 4140 using combination of diffusion treatment after nitriding gas in muffle reactor","authors":"K. Widi, W. Sujana, T. Rahardjo","doi":"10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10034489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10034489","url":null,"abstract":"Steel with microporous formation on surface layers is very important as self-lubricant and damping material. In this new method, AISI 4140 steel was subjected in two step combination treatment. First step is boost nitriding gas in fluidised bed reactor for 4 hours at 550°C and the second step is diffusion nitriding gas for 2 h at 550°C in muffle reactors. The diffusion without protective gas where air was present was applied after nitriding treatment in muffle reactors to release excess nitrogen which leads to microporous formation. This mechanism significantly increases surface porosity. The microporous formation at e layer during diffusion at nitriding process is controlled by reaction formation of N2, NO, Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 which depends on the atmosphere condition in the muffle reactor. The dynamics of atoms during these formations create tensile and compressive stress in the grain boundary that increases porosity formation.","PeriodicalId":14460,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48150616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10034486
A. G. Joshi, M. P. Kumar, S. Basavarajappa
The jet erosion of fibre reinforced plastics (FRPs) has been reported in many literatures available, but very few have reported on their slurry erosion behaviour of FRPs. Furthermore, limited studies have paid attention on slurry erosion characterisation of filler incorporated FRPs. Hence, present study was focused on slurry erosion behaviour of alumina fillers incorporated glass/epoxy composites. The parameters considered were slurry concentration, contact angle and impact velocity. The experimental results reveal that increase in filler percentage increased the erosion resistance of glass/epoxy composites. The increase in slurry concentration and impact velocity has resulted in higher amount of erosion of studied composites. The material loss due to erosion increased with increase of impact angle till 45°, whereas further increase in impact angle caused reduction in wear. Erosion mechanisms were studied through SEM image of eroded samples. Worn surface analysis revealed that plastic deformation, matrix debonding with microcutting, microploughing, and pulverisation were dominant erosion mechanisms at 45° to 60° impact angle.
{"title":"Investigation on slurry erosion of Al2O3 incorporated glass/epoxy composites","authors":"A. G. Joshi, M. P. Kumar, S. Basavarajappa","doi":"10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10034486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10034486","url":null,"abstract":"The jet erosion of fibre reinforced plastics (FRPs) has been reported in many literatures available, but very few have reported on their slurry erosion behaviour of FRPs. Furthermore, limited studies have paid attention on slurry erosion characterisation of filler incorporated FRPs. Hence, present study was focused on slurry erosion behaviour of alumina fillers incorporated glass/epoxy composites. The parameters considered were slurry concentration, contact angle and impact velocity. The experimental results reveal that increase in filler percentage increased the erosion resistance of glass/epoxy composites. The increase in slurry concentration and impact velocity has resulted in higher amount of erosion of studied composites. The material loss due to erosion increased with increase of impact angle till 45°, whereas further increase in impact angle caused reduction in wear. Erosion mechanisms were studied through SEM image of eroded samples. Worn surface analysis revealed that plastic deformation, matrix debonding with microcutting, microploughing, and pulverisation were dominant erosion mechanisms at 45° to 60° impact angle.","PeriodicalId":14460,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44115505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-08DOI: 10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10032738
A. G. Bulutsuz
Biomedical Ti6Al4V Eli alloy discs were subjected to blasting, anodisation and ultra viola (UV) treatments under the same manufacturing conditions with implants. These different surface modification effects on topography and wetting performance were investigated in detail with optical tensiometer for autoclaved and non-autoclaved samples. Surface contact angle changes after packing of the surfaces were investigated for initial, 1 and 3 months later. The topographical investigation by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that blasted 350 V had the mean 1.842 ± 102 nm pores size and blasted 280 V treated surfaces had the mean 771 ± 85 nm pore size. Autoclaving decreased wettability capabilities of all surfaces, especially for the blasted specimen group. According to the repetitive measurement results, after the 1st month the wettability's of the surfaces were similar compared to the initial. After the 3rd month, a decreasing trend was observed for wetting capability. But beyond all groups, the contact angle was the same with non-UV treated state for the blasted 350 V group after 3rd month.
{"title":"Investigation UV-treatment and surface modifications effect on surface energy and aging behaviour of biomedical surfaces","authors":"A. G. Bulutsuz","doi":"10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10032738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10032738","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical Ti6Al4V Eli alloy discs were subjected to blasting, anodisation and ultra viola (UV) treatments under the same manufacturing conditions with implants. These different surface modification effects on topography and wetting performance were investigated in detail with optical tensiometer for autoclaved and non-autoclaved samples. Surface contact angle changes after packing of the surfaces were investigated for initial, 1 and 3 months later. The topographical investigation by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that blasted 350 V had the mean 1.842 ± 102 nm pores size and blasted 280 V treated surfaces had the mean 771 ± 85 nm pore size. Autoclaving decreased wettability capabilities of all surfaces, especially for the blasted specimen group. According to the repetitive measurement results, after the 1st month the wettability's of the surfaces were similar compared to the initial. After the 3rd month, a decreasing trend was observed for wetting capability. But beyond all groups, the contact angle was the same with non-UV treated state for the blasted 350 V group after 3rd month.","PeriodicalId":14460,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43605629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-24DOI: 10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10030172
F. Ilie, G. Ipate
Chemical mechanical planarisation (CMP) is the only effective technique for obtaining surfaces with higher resolution and flatness, by removing the metal excess obtained in the selective-transfer process. The CMP process of the selective-layer assumes layer surface oxidation, protection its, and passivation layer removal from the tops of the protrusions by abrasive particles mechanical action. The selective-layer slurry consists of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidiser, organic acids as complexing and etching agents, benzotriazole (BTA) as a corrosion inhibitor and silica (SiO2) particles as abrasive. To a higher removal rate and better slurry stability was used the citric acid, and BTA controlled adding in slurry could change the removal and etching rate of the selective-layer. This paper analyses the additives effect in CMP slurry on the polishing of covered surfaces through selective-transfer, considering removal and etching rates, as well as the slurry behaviour with different types and concentrations of additives, in various proportions.
{"title":"Study of the additives influence in the CMP slurry for the surfaces planarisation covered by selective transfer","authors":"F. Ilie, G. Ipate","doi":"10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10030172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10030172","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical mechanical planarisation (CMP) is the only effective technique for obtaining surfaces with higher resolution and flatness, by removing the metal excess obtained in the selective-transfer process. The CMP process of the selective-layer assumes layer surface oxidation, protection its, and passivation layer removal from the tops of the protrusions by abrasive particles mechanical action. The selective-layer slurry consists of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidiser, organic acids as complexing and etching agents, benzotriazole (BTA) as a corrosion inhibitor and silica (SiO2) particles as abrasive. To a higher removal rate and better slurry stability was used the citric acid, and BTA controlled adding in slurry could change the removal and etching rate of the selective-layer. This paper analyses the additives effect in CMP slurry on the polishing of covered surfaces through selective-transfer, considering removal and etching rates, as well as the slurry behaviour with different types and concentrations of additives, in various proportions.","PeriodicalId":14460,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41480243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-24DOI: 10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10030179
K. Gupta, M. A. Khan, S. Pathak
In this paper, surface morphology investigation of miniature spur gears manufactured by abrasive water jet machining is discussed. Water jet pressure, abrasive flow rate and stand-off-distance are the varying input parameters to study the surface morphology (surface roughness and topography) of the machined gears. From the investigation, the water jet pressure has highly influenced (with 47% contribution) the surface quality and found as a predominant process parameter. SEM micrograph study found that wear scars and clinging effects are the major surface defects found over the machined surfaces of the gear teeth. Maximum and minimum peaks of the wear tracks are observed with white light spectroscope. The best surface morphology with average surface roughness value 1.08 μm was achieved at 350 MPa water jet pressure, 225 g/min abrasive mass flow rate, and 1mm stand-off distance. The present work identifies the potential of AWJM process for manufacturing of high quality miniature gears.
{"title":"Surface morphology investigation of miniature gears manufactured by abrasive water jet machining","authors":"K. Gupta, M. A. Khan, S. Pathak","doi":"10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10030179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10030179","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, surface morphology investigation of miniature spur gears manufactured by abrasive water jet machining is discussed. Water jet pressure, abrasive flow rate and stand-off-distance are the varying input parameters to study the surface morphology (surface roughness and topography) of the machined gears. From the investigation, the water jet pressure has highly influenced (with 47% contribution) the surface quality and found as a predominant process parameter. SEM micrograph study found that wear scars and clinging effects are the major surface defects found over the machined surfaces of the gear teeth. Maximum and minimum peaks of the wear tracks are observed with white light spectroscope. The best surface morphology with average surface roughness value 1.08 μm was achieved at 350 MPa water jet pressure, 225 g/min abrasive mass flow rate, and 1mm stand-off distance. The present work identifies the potential of AWJM process for manufacturing of high quality miniature gears.","PeriodicalId":14460,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41488405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-24DOI: 10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10030174
M. Poyraz, R. Tunay
The aim of this study is; to examine the effect of different sputtering parameters on coating thickness and hardness in MoS2 films which are deposition of radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method. Therefore, 440C steel substrates are coated with MoS2 thin films which exhibit lubrication as a solid lubricant and low friction characteristic during shear. MoS2 films with no interlayer and (Ti/Cr) with interlayer were deposited on the AISI 440C substrates. During the coating, by changing the deposition parameters such as the substrate deposition temperature and RF sputtering power, steel disc groups which are coated in 15 different deposition parameters were obtained. The thicknesses of the films were measured by using a SEM. The surface topographies were observed at different magnifications. The composition and structure were analysed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). A nano-indentation system was used to determine the hardness and elesticity modules of the coatings.
{"title":"The effect of different sputtering parameters on coating thickness and hardness in MoS2 coated films with and without interlayer","authors":"M. Poyraz, R. Tunay","doi":"10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10030174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10030174","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is; to examine the effect of different sputtering parameters on coating thickness and hardness in MoS2 films which are deposition of radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method. Therefore, 440C steel substrates are coated with MoS2 thin films which exhibit lubrication as a solid lubricant and low friction characteristic during shear. MoS2 films with no interlayer and (Ti/Cr) with interlayer were deposited on the AISI 440C substrates. During the coating, by changing the deposition parameters such as the substrate deposition temperature and RF sputtering power, steel disc groups which are coated in 15 different deposition parameters were obtained. The thicknesses of the films were measured by using a SEM. The surface topographies were observed at different magnifications. The composition and structure were analysed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). A nano-indentation system was used to determine the hardness and elesticity modules of the coatings.","PeriodicalId":14460,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47374557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-24DOI: 10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10030176
Aakash Gupta, S. Jayaram, H. Mccormick
A well-known problem is existing in Wankel rotary engine that leads the engine to seize before it achieves operational loading conditions. Existing research literature shows one of the primary indications to cause engine seizure are the chatter marks. The present study focuses on performing bench testing to rank the combinations of chosen materials and coatings resulting in lowest friction and reduced chatter. A total combination of 11 materials and coatings were analysed and tested. It was found that titankote with PVD coating and nikasil coating with diamond particles on A-2 tool steel performed the best, resulting in no wear, scuffing or chattering, with an increased surface smoothness. The lowest coefficient of friction measured was 0.06 with HTCS-150 hard trochoid and C-Lee Cook apex seals. The maximum average face wear reduction obtained was 15 μm on titankote with PVD coated trochoid and 18 μm on ceramic apex seal.
{"title":"Identification of materials and coatings to minimise/eliminate Wankel rotary engine's apex seal/trochoid wear chatter","authors":"Aakash Gupta, S. Jayaram, H. Mccormick","doi":"10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10030176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsurfse.2020.10030176","url":null,"abstract":"A well-known problem is existing in Wankel rotary engine that leads the engine to seize before it achieves operational loading conditions. Existing research literature shows one of the primary indications to cause engine seizure are the chatter marks. The present study focuses on performing bench testing to rank the combinations of chosen materials and coatings resulting in lowest friction and reduced chatter. A total combination of 11 materials and coatings were analysed and tested. It was found that titankote with PVD coating and nikasil coating with diamond particles on A-2 tool steel performed the best, resulting in no wear, scuffing or chattering, with an increased surface smoothness. The lowest coefficient of friction measured was 0.06 with HTCS-150 hard trochoid and C-Lee Cook apex seals. The maximum average face wear reduction obtained was 15 μm on titankote with PVD coated trochoid and 18 μm on ceramic apex seal.","PeriodicalId":14460,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43076713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：