Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012034
X Wang, V K Nadimpalli, D Juul Jensen, T Yu
This study evaluates the potential of various electron microscopy-based methods for the characterization of the cell structures in additive manufactured stainless steel 316L. We focus on the capability of different techniques to characterize the multiscale microstructural features of the cell structures, including cell morphology, elemental segregation, particle distribution, and dislocation arrangement. Additionally, we suggest a manual method to quantify the very small misorientation angles across cell walls and within the cells. The advantages and limitations of different methods are discussed.
{"title":"Multiscale characterization of the additive-manufacturing-induced cell structure in 316L stainless steel: A comparative study","authors":"X Wang, V K Nadimpalli, D Juul Jensen, T Yu","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012034","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the potential of various electron microscopy-based methods for the characterization of the cell structures in additive manufactured stainless steel 316L. We focus on the capability of different techniques to characterize the multiscale microstructural features of the cell structures, including cell morphology, elemental segregation, particle distribution, and dislocation arrangement. Additionally, we suggest a manual method to quantify the very small misorientation angles across cell walls and within the cells. The advantages and limitations of different methods are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012029
J Sun, F Bachmann, J Oddershede, E Lauridsen
Imaging the 3D grain microstructure of additively manufactured (AM) metal samples non-destructively is key to a better understanding of the material performance. Recent advances of lab-based diffraction contrast tomography (DCT) enable non-destructively mapping the spatial distribution of crystallographic orientations in the bulk of certain types of metal AM parts. Combining these 3D texture measurements with traditional absorption contrast tomography (ACT) gives unprecedented insights into materials structure, such as the spatial distribution of porosities and the relationship between microstructural anisotropies and the build direction. Here, the combination of ACT and DCT is exemplified for a metal AM sample produced by binder jetting. This application highlights some of the recent technical progress enabling 3D mapping of metal AM structures and leads to a discussion of remaining challenges for lab-based DCT in the metal AM field.
对快速成型（AM）金属样品的三维晶粒微观结构进行非破坏性成像，是更好地了解材料性能的关键。基于实验室的衍射对比层析成像（DCT）技术的最新进展使我们能够以非破坏性方式绘制出某些类型金属快速成型部件的晶体取向空间分布图。将这些三维纹理测量与传统的吸收对比层析成像技术（ACT）相结合，可以获得前所未有的材料结构洞察力，例如孔隙的空间分布以及微结构各向异性与构建方向之间的关系。在这里，将 ACT 和 DCT 结合使用的实例是通过粘合剂喷射生产的金属 AM 样品。该应用强调了最近在金属 AM 结构三维绘图方面取得的一些技术进展，并引出了对金属 AM 领域基于实验室的 DCT 所面临的挑战的讨论。
{"title":"Applying lab-based DCT to reveal and quantify the 3D grain structure of a miniature chess rook produced by binder jetting","authors":"J Sun, F Bachmann, J Oddershede, E Lauridsen","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012029","url":null,"abstract":"Imaging the 3D grain microstructure of additively manufactured (AM) metal samples non-destructively is key to a better understanding of the material performance. Recent advances of lab-based diffraction contrast tomography (DCT) enable non-destructively mapping the spatial distribution of crystallographic orientations in the bulk of certain types of metal AM parts. Combining these 3D texture measurements with traditional absorption contrast tomography (ACT) gives unprecedented insights into materials structure, such as the spatial distribution of porosities and the relationship between microstructural anisotropies and the build direction. Here, the combination of ACT and DCT is exemplified for a metal AM sample produced by binder jetting. This application highlights some of the recent technical progress enabling 3D mapping of metal AM structures and leads to a discussion of remaining challenges for lab-based DCT in the metal AM field.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012015
Z Cao, Y Liu, J J Kruzic, X Li
The recent development of artificial intelligence especially machine learning technology has provided an emerging direction for solving microstructure representation and analysis in additive manufacturing. In this work, we introduce an advanced image-driven machine learning algorithm that offers an effective way to abstract the features in microstructure and generates high-resolution and large-size images that can represent the original counterparts. The evolution of the model and the potential application of the algorithm in material science are also discussed.
{"title":"An Image-Driven Machine Learning Method for Microstructure Characterization in Metal Additive Manufacturing: Generative Adversarial Network","authors":"Z Cao, Y Liu, J J Kruzic, X Li","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012015","url":null,"abstract":"The recent development of artificial intelligence especially machine learning technology has provided an emerging direction for solving microstructure representation and analysis in additive manufacturing. In this work, we introduce an advanced image-driven machine learning algorithm that offers an effective way to abstract the features in microstructure and generates high-resolution and large-size images that can represent the original counterparts. The evolution of the model and the potential application of the algorithm in material science are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012011
L E Levine, E J Schwalbach, F Zhang
Over the past decade, immense, world-wide research and development efforts have attempted to bring additive manufacturing (AM) of metals into broad industrial use. Although major advances in our understanding and control over metal AM have accrued, its practical application has been underwhelming. The slow pace of commercial adoption can be traced to numerous factors, including poor build reproducibility, sensitivity to heterogeneous local processing conditions during the build, complications in developing and validating suitable processing-structure-property-performance (PSPP) simulation capabilities (physics-based models, surrogate models, and machine learning models), the small number of alloys suitable for metal AM, and the need for developing new alloy-specific post-processing protocols. All these factors negatively impact the purely business decision of what manufacturing approach should be used to produce a given component. Computational materials engineering approaches could play a major role in accelerating the adoption of metal AM, but rigorous model validation will be necessary to make this a reality. Here, discussion will focus on development and deployment of measurement approaches for model validation, and methodologies for accelerating development of post-build heat treatment through thermo-kinetic modelling and in situ measurements.
在过去的十年中，全球范围内开展了大量的研发工作，试图将金属增材制造（AM）广泛应用于工业领域。虽然我们对金属增材制造的理解和控制取得了重大进展，但其实际应用却不尽如人意。商业应用步伐缓慢的原因有很多，包括构建的可重复性差、构建过程中对异质局部加工条件的敏感性、开发和验证合适的加工-结构-性能（PSPP）模拟能力（基于物理的模型、代用模型和机器学习模型）的复杂性、适合金属增材制造的合金数量少，以及需要开发新的合金专用后处理协议。所有这些因素都对采用何种制造方法生产特定部件这一纯粹的商业决策产生了负面影响。计算材料工程方法可在加速采用金属 AM 方面发挥重要作用，但要实现这一点，必须进行严格的模型验证。在此，将重点讨论用于模型验证的测量方法的开发和部署，以及通过热动力学建模和现场测量加速开发制造后热处理的方法。
{"title":"Building microstructures by welding millions of little bits of metal together: measurement approaches, model validation, and post-build processing","authors":"L E Levine, E J Schwalbach, F Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012011","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, immense, world-wide research and development efforts have attempted to bring additive manufacturing (AM) of metals into broad industrial use. Although major advances in our understanding and control over metal AM have accrued, its practical application has been underwhelming. The slow pace of commercial adoption can be traced to numerous factors, including poor build reproducibility, sensitivity to heterogeneous local processing conditions during the build, complications in developing and validating suitable processing-structure-property-performance (PSPP) simulation capabilities (physics-based models, surrogate models, and machine learning models), the small number of alloys suitable for metal AM, and the need for developing new alloy-specific post-processing protocols. All these factors negatively impact the purely business decision of what manufacturing approach should be used to produce a given component. Computational materials engineering approaches could play a major role in accelerating the adoption of metal AM, but rigorous model validation will be necessary to make this a reality. Here, discussion will focus on development and deployment of measurement approaches for model validation, and methodologies for accelerating development of post-build heat treatment through thermo-kinetic modelling and in situ measurements.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1312/1/012006
Xihang Xu, Md Salauddin, Jennifer Keenahan
OpenFOAM® has been widely used in coastal engineering to visualise and analyse wave-structure interaction and evaluate the effectiveness of innovative coastal protection structures. To study the influence of an eco-retrofitted seawall on the wave overtopping process, a 2D numerical wave tank with a k-ω SST turbulence model is developed to recreate previously completed experiments. Results of wave structure interactions at a plain vertical seawall subjected to regular waves using OpenFOAM® are presented, considering various configurations of time steps and grid resolutions. Both deep water (near the wave maker) and shallow water (near the structure) wave structure interactions are analysed. Results indicate that a finer mesh density is required in shallow water regions compared with deep water regions due to the dynamics of the wave-breaking process in the wave reflection area. Results also indicate that mesh density has a more significant influence than the time step. Overall, this paper showcases the entire process of establishing two-phase flow CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations in OpenFOAM® and provides a reference model for future research on studying the effectiveness of eco-retrofitting approaches on wave attenuation.
{"title":"A convergence study simulating regular waves using the k-ω SST turbulence model in OpenFOAM®","authors":"Xihang Xu, Md Salauddin, Jennifer Keenahan","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1312/1/012006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1312/1/012006","url":null,"abstract":"OpenFOAM® has been widely used in coastal engineering to visualise and analyse wave-structure interaction and evaluate the effectiveness of innovative coastal protection structures. To study the influence of an eco-retrofitted seawall on the wave overtopping process, a 2D numerical wave tank with a k-ω SST turbulence model is developed to recreate previously completed experiments. Results of wave structure interactions at a plain vertical seawall subjected to regular waves using OpenFOAM® are presented, considering various configurations of time steps and grid resolutions. Both deep water (near the wave maker) and shallow water (near the structure) wave structure interactions are analysed. Results indicate that a finer mesh density is required in shallow water regions compared with deep water regions due to the dynamics of the wave-breaking process in the wave reflection area. Results also indicate that mesh density has a more significant influence than the time step. Overall, this paper showcases the entire process of establishing two-phase flow CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations in OpenFOAM® and provides a reference model for future research on studying the effectiveness of eco-retrofitting approaches on wave attenuation.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012040
W E Alphonso, M A Ribeiro, R Rothfelder, M Schmidt, J H Hattel, D Juul Jensen, M Bayat
In Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), the intrinsic inclination of the laser beam creates variability in the interaction between the laser and the melt pool, which along with thermal conditions within the pool, results in the formation of defects in the parts. To elucidate the impact of laser beam inclination on the melt pool, a deposition scale model using the finite volume method (FVM) is developed. The laser model demonstrates that as the laser beam inclines towards the periphery of the build plate, the projected laser spot size enlarges, resulting in lowered energy density. To assess how the laser beam inclination affects multi-layer printing, cubic specimens are printed at both the center and the far corner of a rectangular build plate of 280 mm x 280 mm size. X-ray computer tomography (X-CT) is used to investigate internal porosities and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is used to characterize the microstructure of the printed cubes. The experimental results are discussed based on the FVM simulations.
在激光粉末床熔融（L-PBF）过程中，激光束的固有倾斜度会导致激光与熔池之间的相互作用发生变化，再加上熔池内的热条件，就会在部件中形成缺陷。为了阐明激光束倾斜度对熔池的影响，使用有限体积法（FVM）开发了一个沉积比例模型。该激光模型表明，当激光束向构建板外围倾斜时，投射的激光光斑尺寸会增大，从而导致能量密度降低。为了评估激光束倾斜度对多层打印的影响，在 280 毫米 x 280 毫米大小的矩形构建板的中心和远角打印了立方体试样。X 射线计算机断层扫描（X-CT）用于研究内部孔隙，电子反向散射衍射（EBSD）用于表征印刷立方体的微观结构。在 FVM 模拟的基础上对实验结果进行了讨论。
{"title":"Elucidating the impact of laser beam shape on the as-printed microstructure in 316L stainless steel","authors":"W E Alphonso, M A Ribeiro, R Rothfelder, M Schmidt, J H Hattel, D Juul Jensen, M Bayat","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012040","url":null,"abstract":"In Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), the intrinsic inclination of the laser beam creates variability in the interaction between the laser and the melt pool, which along with thermal conditions within the pool, results in the formation of defects in the parts. To elucidate the impact of laser beam inclination on the melt pool, a deposition scale model using the finite volume method (FVM) is developed. The laser model demonstrates that as the laser beam inclines towards the periphery of the build plate, the projected laser spot size enlarges, resulting in lowered energy density. To assess how the laser beam inclination affects multi-layer printing, cubic specimens are printed at both the center and the far corner of a rectangular build plate of 280 mm x 280 mm size. X-ray computer tomography (X-CT) is used to investigate internal porosities and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is used to characterize the microstructure of the printed cubes. The experimental results are discussed based on the FVM simulations.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1312/1/012010
Asmelash Haftu Amaha, Shivasubramanian Gopalakrishnan, Prabhu Ramachandran, Joel Guerrero
Vertical Axis Turbines (VATs) are gaining traction as decentralized energy sources due to their simple design and suitability for various wind conditions. However, understanding VAT aerodynamics requires robust computational methods. This study compares the accuracy and efficiency of two meshing techniques (sliding mesh and overset mesh) for VAT simulations using OpenFOAM. Validation against experimental data confirms the capability of both methods to capture flow physics and predict turbine performance. The results suggest both techniques offer efficient and accurate VAT simulations, providing valuable tools for future VAT optimization and experimental validation.
{"title":"Vertical axis turbine simulations based on sliding and overset meshes","authors":"Asmelash Haftu Amaha, Shivasubramanian Gopalakrishnan, Prabhu Ramachandran, Joel Guerrero","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1312/1/012010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1312/1/012010","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical Axis Turbines (VATs) are gaining traction as decentralized energy sources due to their simple design and suitability for various wind conditions. However, understanding VAT aerodynamics requires robust computational methods. This study compares the accuracy and efficiency of two meshing techniques (sliding mesh and overset mesh) for VAT simulations using OpenFOAM. Validation against experimental data confirms the capability of both methods to capture flow physics and predict turbine performance. The results suggest both techniques offer efficient and accurate VAT simulations, providing valuable tools for future VAT optimization and experimental validation.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012007
WY Wang, W Liu, A Godfrey
Samples of 316L stainless steel have been prepared using laser-powder bed fusion from the same batch of powder using different print-chamber oxygen levels, ranging from 50 ppm to 1500 ppm. The oxide particle density is found to increase with oxygen content, while the cell structure is invariant with oxygen level and the grain size shows a relatively sharp transition for measured oxygen levels of above 450 ppm. Based on the microstructural observations it is suggested that the increasing oxygen levels leads to a transition in the solidification pattern. Samples printed at the higher oxygen level show higher strength and lower mechanical anisotropy than samples with a coarser grains structure printed at lower oxygen levels. The main influence of the higher oxide particle content on thermal stability is on the kinetics of recrystallization during isothermal annealing at 1000 °C.
{"title":"Influence of print-chamber oxygen content on the microstructure and properties of 3D-printed 316L","authors":"WY Wang, W Liu, A Godfrey","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012007","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of 316L stainless steel have been prepared using laser-powder bed fusion from the same batch of powder using different print-chamber oxygen levels, ranging from 50 ppm to 1500 ppm. The oxide particle density is found to increase with oxygen content, while the cell structure is invariant with oxygen level and the grain size shows a relatively sharp transition for measured oxygen levels of above 450 ppm. Based on the microstructural observations it is suggested that the increasing oxygen levels leads to a transition in the solidification pattern. Samples printed at the higher oxygen level show higher strength and lower mechanical anisotropy than samples with a coarser grains structure printed at lower oxygen levels. The main influence of the higher oxide particle content on thermal stability is on the kinetics of recrystallization during isothermal annealing at 1000 °C.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1307/1/012034
P Zimmermann, A Birkert, P Saup, F Marner, M Häussermann
The elastic springback during the manufacturing process of stamped car body components causes dimensional deviations. To compensate these deviations, the common approach is to modify the tool surfaces in the opposite direction of the deviations – this is called springback compensation. In the procedure of springback compensation various issues must be solved. To achieve the main goal of a dimensionally accurate part, it must be ensured that, on the one hand the distance normal to the sheet surface between the springback part and the target geometry is within a specified dimensional tolerance. On the other hand, it must be ensured that the surface areas and characteristic lengths of the springback part and that of the target geometry match as closely as possible. In the past, approaches/methods, such as the physical compensation method and the physical scaling approach, have been presented which can successfully counteract these problems. Furthermore, in a multi-stage process in subsequent operations a stable part position must be achieved and unwanted plastic deformations must be avoided during blankholder closing. Therefore, different compensation strategies have been presented, which can fulfil these requirements. However, in the publication of these methods, the problems were always considered individually. This paper shows how all the named requirements can be achieved by combining the individual methods in springback compensation.
{"title":"Holistic springback compensation procedure","authors":"P Zimmermann, A Birkert, P Saup, F Marner, M Häussermann","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1307/1/012034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1307/1/012034","url":null,"abstract":"The elastic springback during the manufacturing process of stamped car body components causes dimensional deviations. To compensate these deviations, the common approach is to modify the tool surfaces in the opposite direction of the deviations – this is called springback compensation. In the procedure of springback compensation various issues must be solved. To achieve the main goal of a dimensionally accurate part, it must be ensured that, on the one hand the distance normal to the sheet surface between the springback part and the target geometry is within a specified dimensional tolerance. On the other hand, it must be ensured that the surface areas and characteristic lengths of the springback part and that of the target geometry match as closely as possible. In the past, approaches/methods, such as the physical compensation method and the physical scaling approach, have been presented which can successfully counteract these problems. Furthermore, in a multi-stage process in subsequent operations a stable part position must be achieved and unwanted plastic deformations must be avoided during blankholder closing. Therefore, different compensation strategies have been presented, which can fulfil these requirements. However, in the publication of these methods, the problems were always considered individually. This paper shows how all the named requirements can be achieved by combining the individual methods in springback compensation.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1307/1/012029
N Gautam, S Yoon, F Barlat, S Thuillier
The use of DP600, an advanced high strength steel, has gained significant attention in automotive industry, especially for complex structures that require multi-step forming operations, leading to non-linear strain path changes. From a numerical modelling perspective, the use of advanced constitutive equations has enabled a precise representation of a large range of behaviors, encompassing reverse and orthogonal strain path changes. Within this context, this study is dedicated to the numerical simulation of a two-step deep drawing process based on distortional plasticity. Two models developed within the Homogeneous Anisotropic Hardening (HAH) framework are considered. This study presents a comparison of the model predictions, calibrated over the same experimental database, in terms of their ability to predict the strain path changes and mechanical behavior of the material during the forming process. Several outputs like the punch load evolution and the strain field are compared with experimental data.
{"title":"Comparison of homogeneous anisotropic hardening models in the case of the direct redrawing of a DP600 steel","authors":"N Gautam, S Yoon, F Barlat, S Thuillier","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1307/1/012029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1307/1/012029","url":null,"abstract":"The use of DP600, an advanced high strength steel, has gained significant attention in automotive industry, especially for complex structures that require multi-step forming operations, leading to non-linear strain path changes. From a numerical modelling perspective, the use of advanced constitutive equations has enabled a precise representation of a large range of behaviors, encompassing reverse and orthogonal strain path changes. Within this context, this study is dedicated to the numerical simulation of a two-step deep drawing process based on distortional plasticity. Two models developed within the Homogeneous Anisotropic Hardening (HAH) framework are considered. This study presents a comparison of the model predictions, calibrated over the same experimental database, in terms of their ability to predict the strain path changes and mechanical behavior of the material during the forming process. Several outputs like the punch load evolution and the strain field are compared with experimental data.","PeriodicalId":14483,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141523506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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