L. Rahman, S. Quddus, J. Khanam, K. Bilkis, Moriom Rahman
Zinc dust, an EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) hazardous waste no. K061 can now be used as a potential raw material for the preparation of zinc zinc oxide. At first zinc was leached from zinc dust in acid medium. The contaminated iron was precipitated out from this solution by oxidation at pH 3.95-4.05. Then zinc was precipitated from this solution as hydroxide by raising the pH 6.8-7.2, which on leached with water and filtered followed by two-step drying to produce zinc oxide. The percent purity of the product was found to about 99 and iron contamination in the product was lowered to 50 ppm on Spectrophotometric analysis. It is found that average particle diameter for the prepared sample is 117 μm for drying at 140°C and 63.6 μm for drying at 180°C. The phase obtained of the prepared sample is zincite and the crystal system was confirmed to be hexagonal by XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis.
{"title":"Fabrication of Zinc Oxide from Zinc Dust and Its Characterization","authors":"L. Rahman, S. Quddus, J. Khanam, K. Bilkis, Moriom Rahman","doi":"10.9790/5736-1002012126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1002012126","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc dust, an EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) hazardous waste no. K061 can now be used as a potential raw material for the preparation of zinc zinc oxide. At first zinc was leached from zinc dust in acid medium. The contaminated iron was precipitated out from this solution by oxidation at pH 3.95-4.05. Then zinc was precipitated from this solution as hydroxide by raising the pH 6.8-7.2, which on leached with water and filtered followed by two-step drying to produce zinc oxide. The percent purity of the product was found to about 99 and iron contamination in the product was lowered to 50 ppm on Spectrophotometric analysis. It is found that average particle diameter for the prepared sample is 117 μm for drying at 140°C and 63.6 μm for drying at 180°C. The phase obtained of the prepared sample is zincite and the crystal system was confirmed to be hexagonal by XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"86 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90946917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Event precipitation study was carried out at three sites (the Institute of Pollution Studies Laboratory ambient environment, Eagle Island and Stadium Road environs) with the following parameters analyzed pH, Conductivity, Turbidity, Cl , S04 , N03 , Alkalinity, NH4 + using World Meteorological Organization protocols and Standard Methods for water and wastewater protocol (WMO, 1988 and APHA, 1995). The rain water pH was 6.46 obtained at only one station. Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) ranged from +29 to +126 mV for campus, +65 to +70 mV for Stadium Road and +126.0 mV for Eagle Island Station. The temperature ranged from 24.6 29.6 0 C across all stations. The Conductivity varied from 3.83 – 29.4 μS/cm on Campus, 5.2 – 22.2 μS/cm at Stadium road and 10.95 μS/cm at Eagle Island. Salinity ranged from <0.01 – 0.01 ‰ at all sites except Eagle Island where levels were not detected. Total dissolved solids ranged from 1.63 – 18.7 mg/l on Campus, 2.6 – 13.9 mg/l at Stadium Road and 6.34 mg/l at Eagle Island. Dissolved Oxygen ranged from 5.7 – 7.3 mg/l within the campus air shed, while at Stadium air basin, it was 6.5 mg/l. There was no data for Eagle Island. The Chloride values ranged from not detectable (<1.0) to 1.4 mg/l on campus, not detectable in Eagle Island and Stadium road environs. Sulphate and Phosphates were not detected being less than 1.0 mg/l and 0.05 mg/l respectively. Nitrate levels varied from 0.23 – 1.1 mg/l on Campus air basin whereas Stadium Road and Eagle Island had 0.31 and 0.41 mg/l respectively. Ammonia concentration ranged from <0.02 – 0.90 mg/l in campus air basin whereas Stadium Road and Eagle Island had 0.21 and 0.09 mg/l respectively. Total Hardness ranged from <0.2 – 5.8 mg/l on campus air basin, while it was <0.2 mg/l in Eagle Island. Alkalinity ranged from 8.0 – 12.0 mg/l on Campus air basin while at Eagle Island, it was 12.0 mg/l. Calcium concentration varied from <0.08 – 1.2 mg/l in campus air basin while in others; it was less than 0.08 mg/l. Magnesium ranged from <0.05 0.7 mg/l and less than < 0.05 mg/l in the other two air basins. Correlation Analysis showed strong and positive relationships between Total Alkalinity and Nitrate, Chloride and Nitrate, Nitrate and Calcium, Nitrate and Magnesium. pH only correlated negatively with Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP). Apart from Nitrate, Ammonium ion and Total Alkalinity, all the other ions had either a negative or positive correlation with Temperature. Ammonia did not correlate with any ion. The results from the precipitation studies showed that the rain water quality on Campus is Alkaline (pH 6.46). The study did not show any contribution from anthropogenic sources as sulphates were not detected. The results of the rain event samples showed that natural sources (soil minerals) are the main contributors to rain chemistry. The study is significant in that it has provided information on the state of the chemical composition of rainfall, the pH status of rain water and th
{"title":"Precipitation Chemistry of the Rivers State University of Science and Technology (RSUST) campus Air Shed, Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"I. Ubong, T.j.k Ideria","doi":"10.9790/5736-1002011220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1002011220","url":null,"abstract":"Event precipitation study was carried out at three sites (the Institute of Pollution Studies Laboratory ambient environment, Eagle Island and Stadium Road environs) with the following parameters analyzed pH, Conductivity, Turbidity, Cl , S04 , N03 , Alkalinity, NH4 + using World Meteorological Organization protocols and Standard Methods for water and wastewater protocol (WMO, 1988 and APHA, 1995). The rain water pH was 6.46 obtained at only one station. Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) ranged from +29 to +126 mV for campus, +65 to +70 mV for Stadium Road and +126.0 mV for Eagle Island Station. The temperature ranged from 24.6 29.6 0 C across all stations. The Conductivity varied from 3.83 – 29.4 μS/cm on Campus, 5.2 – 22.2 μS/cm at Stadium road and 10.95 μS/cm at Eagle Island. Salinity ranged from <0.01 – 0.01 ‰ at all sites except Eagle Island where levels were not detected. Total dissolved solids ranged from 1.63 – 18.7 mg/l on Campus, 2.6 – 13.9 mg/l at Stadium Road and 6.34 mg/l at Eagle Island. Dissolved Oxygen ranged from 5.7 – 7.3 mg/l within the campus air shed, while at Stadium air basin, it was 6.5 mg/l. There was no data for Eagle Island. The Chloride values ranged from not detectable (<1.0) to 1.4 mg/l on campus, not detectable in Eagle Island and Stadium road environs. Sulphate and Phosphates were not detected being less than 1.0 mg/l and 0.05 mg/l respectively. Nitrate levels varied from 0.23 – 1.1 mg/l on Campus air basin whereas Stadium Road and Eagle Island had 0.31 and 0.41 mg/l respectively. Ammonia concentration ranged from <0.02 – 0.90 mg/l in campus air basin whereas Stadium Road and Eagle Island had 0.21 and 0.09 mg/l respectively. Total Hardness ranged from <0.2 – 5.8 mg/l on campus air basin, while it was <0.2 mg/l in Eagle Island. Alkalinity ranged from 8.0 – 12.0 mg/l on Campus air basin while at Eagle Island, it was 12.0 mg/l. Calcium concentration varied from <0.08 – 1.2 mg/l in campus air basin while in others; it was less than 0.08 mg/l. Magnesium ranged from <0.05 0.7 mg/l and less than < 0.05 mg/l in the other two air basins. Correlation Analysis showed strong and positive relationships between Total Alkalinity and Nitrate, Chloride and Nitrate, Nitrate and Calcium, Nitrate and Magnesium. pH only correlated negatively with Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP). Apart from Nitrate, Ammonium ion and Total Alkalinity, all the other ions had either a negative or positive correlation with Temperature. Ammonia did not correlate with any ion. The results from the precipitation studies showed that the rain water quality on Campus is Alkaline (pH 6.46). The study did not show any contribution from anthropogenic sources as sulphates were not detected. The results of the rain event samples showed that natural sources (soil minerals) are the main contributors to rain chemistry. The study is significant in that it has provided information on the state of the chemical composition of rainfall, the pH status of rain water and th","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"120 1","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86847740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ibrahim, Asif Khan, Bushra Faiz, M. Ikram, H. Nabi, M. Shah, A. Ahuchaogu
In the present study, the antioxidant and DNA binding properties of Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal complexes containing bidentate Schiff base for their possible free radicals scavenging properties associated with various diseases were considered. The different models such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferrous ion chelation(FIC),ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),total antioxidant activities(phosphomolybdenum methods) and hydroxyl radical( • OH) radical scavenging activities at different concentrations for antioxidant and DNA absorption spectroscopic analysis were assayed for DNA binding studies. The metal complexes were found to be significant dose-dependent antioxidant activities comparable with that of the classical antioxidants, ascorbic acid, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) and DNA binding potential withkb 4.990×10 -5 M -1 ,4.989×10 -5 M -1 ,4.994×10 -5 M -1 and 5.012×10 -5 M -1 respectively.The compounds exhibited are very reactive towards DPPH radicals, OH radicals and Fe(II) ions and they also actively reduces Fe(III) ion to Fe(II) and Mo(VI) ion to Mo(V) form. The obtained results indicate the importance of Schiff base metal complexes as a source of synthetic antioxidants and anticancer drugs.
本研究考虑了含双齿希夫碱的Ni(II)、Co(II)、Cu(II)和Zn(II)金属配合物的抗氧化和DNA结合特性，以及它们可能与多种疾病相关的自由基清除特性。采用不同浓度的2,2-二苯基-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)、亚铁离子螯合(FIC)、铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)、总抗氧化能力(磷钼法)和羟基自由基(•OH)清除能力等模型进行抗氧化和DNA吸收光谱分析，用于DNA结合研究。发现金属配合物具有显著的剂量依赖性抗氧化活性，可与经典抗氧化剂抗坏血酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和DNA结合电位分别与kb 4.990×10 -5 M -1、4.989×10 -5 M -1、4.994×10 -5 M -1和5.012×10 -5 M -1相媲美。所展示的化合物对DPPH自由基、OH自由基和Fe(II)离子具有很强的活性，并能将Fe(III)离子还原为Fe(II)，将Mo(VI)离子还原为Mo(V)。所得结果表明希夫贱金属配合物作为合成抗氧化剂和抗癌药物的重要来源。
{"title":"In Vitro Antioxidant evaluation and DNA binding ability of Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal complexes containing bidentate Schiff base","authors":"M. Ibrahim, Asif Khan, Bushra Faiz, M. Ikram, H. Nabi, M. Shah, A. Ahuchaogu","doi":"10.9790/5736-1003010614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1003010614","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the antioxidant and DNA binding properties of Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal complexes containing bidentate Schiff base for their possible free radicals scavenging properties associated with various diseases were considered. The different models such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferrous ion chelation(FIC),ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),total antioxidant activities(phosphomolybdenum methods) and hydroxyl radical( • OH) radical scavenging activities at different concentrations for antioxidant and DNA absorption spectroscopic analysis were assayed for DNA binding studies. The metal complexes were found to be significant dose-dependent antioxidant activities comparable with that of the classical antioxidants, ascorbic acid, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) and DNA binding potential withkb 4.990×10 -5 M -1 ,4.989×10 -5 M -1 ,4.994×10 -5 M -1 and 5.012×10 -5 M -1 respectively.The compounds exhibited are very reactive towards DPPH radicals, OH radicals and Fe(II) ions and they also actively reduces Fe(III) ion to Fe(II) and Mo(VI) ion to Mo(V) form. The obtained results indicate the importance of Schiff base metal complexes as a source of synthetic antioxidants and anticancer drugs.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"06-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84616268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two simple, rapid, accurate and precise spectrophotometric procedures have been developed for the determination of memantine HCl (MEM). The first method (A) is based on the interaction of ninhydrin in N, N′dimethylformamide (DMF) medium, with primary amino group present in MEM. This reaction produced a bluepurple product, which absorbed maximally at 595 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.419.3 μg/mL with RSD of 0.88 % and molar absorptivity of 1.12×10 4 L/mol.cm in addition to limits of detection and quantification. In second method (B) MEM was reacted with ferric chloride solution, yellowish orange colored chromogen showed λmax at 375 nm showing linearity in the concentration range of 0.3-9.7 μg/mL with RSD of 1.03 % and molar absorptivity of 1.73×10 4 L/mol.cm in addition to limits of detection and quantification. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the analysis of the bulk drug and its dosage forms and spiked human plasma. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvant. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference method shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Determination of Alzheimer’s Drug, Memantine Hydrochloride in Biological Samples Using Ninhydrin and Ferric Chloride","authors":"H. Omara","doi":"10.9790/5736-1002015259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1002015259","url":null,"abstract":"Two simple, rapid, accurate and precise spectrophotometric procedures have been developed for the determination of memantine HCl (MEM). The first method (A) is based on the interaction of ninhydrin in N, N′dimethylformamide (DMF) medium, with primary amino group present in MEM. This reaction produced a bluepurple product, which absorbed maximally at 595 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.419.3 μg/mL with RSD of 0.88 % and molar absorptivity of 1.12×10 4 L/mol.cm in addition to limits of detection and quantification. In second method (B) MEM was reacted with ferric chloride solution, yellowish orange colored chromogen showed λmax at 375 nm showing linearity in the concentration range of 0.3-9.7 μg/mL with RSD of 1.03 % and molar absorptivity of 1.73×10 4 L/mol.cm in addition to limits of detection and quantification. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the analysis of the bulk drug and its dosage forms and spiked human plasma. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvant. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference method shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88762664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: isolation, purification and NMR characterization of secondary metabolites in Mimosa pudica. Study design: extraction, isolation and identification of the secondary metabolties from the petroleum ether and metabolites extracts from Mimosa pudica. Methodology: In the course of our study on Mimosa pudica, a compound was isolated and purified using different chromatographic techniques and the structure of the compound determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data (IR, HNMR, COSY, DEPT, MS). Place and Duration of Study: this work was carried out in the chemistry Department Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria within the month June 2016 to December 2016. Result: The entire plant parts of Mimosa was extracted using absolute ethanol, the TLC of the crude extract indicate the many compounds with Rf values 0.41,0.43,0.56,0.68,0.89 and 0.90. Purification: The results of several chromatographic techniques on the isolated gave rise to a triterpenoidglycoside with Rf value 0.55. The spectral analyses involving HNMR, NMR, DEPT, 135 COSY, HMBC and IR, MS were useful in proposing the structure of the compound MP11.
{"title":"Secondary Metabolites from Mimosa Pudica: Isolation, Purification and NMR Characterization","authors":"A. Ahuchaogu, O. J. Chukwu, J. O. Echeme","doi":"10.9790/5736-1003011520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1003011520","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: isolation, purification and NMR characterization of secondary metabolites in Mimosa pudica. Study design: extraction, isolation and identification of the secondary metabolties from the petroleum ether and metabolites extracts from Mimosa pudica. Methodology: In the course of our study on Mimosa pudica, a compound was isolated and purified using different chromatographic techniques and the structure of the compound determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data (IR, HNMR, COSY, DEPT, MS). Place and Duration of Study: this work was carried out in the chemistry Department Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria within the month June 2016 to December 2016. Result: The entire plant parts of Mimosa was extracted using absolute ethanol, the TLC of the crude extract indicate the many compounds with Rf values 0.41,0.43,0.56,0.68,0.89 and 0.90. Purification: The results of several chromatographic techniques on the isolated gave rise to a triterpenoidglycoside with Rf value 0.55. The spectral analyses involving HNMR, NMR, DEPT, 135 COSY, HMBC and IR, MS were useful in proposing the structure of the compound MP11.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81735153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aderibigbe, Ogunlalu O.U, O. Oluwasina, I. Amoo
Natural plantain peel biomass and the citric-acid-modified form were used to study the adsorption of Cu 2+ from a simulated aqueous solution in a batch adsorption system. The adsorption was strongly pH-dependent as maximum adsorption was recorded at a pH of 5 for the modified biomass and pH of 4 for the unmodified. The kinetics of the adsorption processes was studied with Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, Intra-particle diffusion, Elovich and Fractional power kinetic models and the results were best fitted by the pseudo-second-order model. The experimental data were also subjected to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms for adsorption studies and the unmodified biomass was best fitted by the Temkin adsorption isotherm while the modified biomass, on the other hand was best fitted by the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the heat of adsorption of the unmodified biomass was higher than the modified. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 48.31 mg/g.
{"title":"Adsorption Studies of Pb2+ From Aqueous Solutions Using Unmodified and Citric Acid – Modified Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) Peels","authors":"A. Aderibigbe, Ogunlalu O.U, O. Oluwasina, I. Amoo","doi":"10.9790/5736-1002013039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1002013039","url":null,"abstract":"Natural plantain peel biomass and the citric-acid-modified form were used to study the adsorption of Cu 2+ from a simulated aqueous solution in a batch adsorption system. The adsorption was strongly pH-dependent as maximum adsorption was recorded at a pH of 5 for the modified biomass and pH of 4 for the unmodified. The kinetics of the adsorption processes was studied with Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, Intra-particle diffusion, Elovich and Fractional power kinetic models and the results were best fitted by the pseudo-second-order model. The experimental data were also subjected to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms for adsorption studies and the unmodified biomass was best fitted by the Temkin adsorption isotherm while the modified biomass, on the other hand was best fitted by the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the heat of adsorption of the unmodified biomass was higher than the modified. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 48.31 mg/g.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"30-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79434399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-sulphur nitrogen fertilizer use, soil profile, pH and physico-chemical properties contribute to soil sulphur deficiency so distribution of different forms of sulphur in soil profiles of twelve locations in Ogun and Oyo states, Southwestern Nigeria was investigated to know their status with respect to the soil depths of samples derived from sedimentary and igneous/metamorphic rocks comprising of Alfisols (8 profiles) and Ultisols (4 profiles). These were collected at four different soil depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm and 6080 cm respectively from savanna and forest vegetation zones. The soil physico-chemical properties of pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, CEC, clay, silt and sand were determined using standard analytical methods and correlated with the different forms of sulphur (available, organic and total). The results showed that both the available, organic and the total S were positively correlated with these parameters (r = 0.905**) and (r = 0.590**) respectively. The status of the different forms of S fell below the critical limits of 10 mg/kg and as a result, farmers are advised to apply sulphur-containing fertilizers in these soils so as to obtain maximum yields in their crops particularly for leguminous plants.
{"title":"Sulphur Forms Distribution in Soil Profiles of Different Locations of Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"O. Oseni, G. Adeoye","doi":"10.9790/5736-1002014851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1002014851","url":null,"abstract":"Non-sulphur nitrogen fertilizer use, soil profile, pH and physico-chemical properties contribute to soil sulphur deficiency so distribution of different forms of sulphur in soil profiles of twelve locations in Ogun and Oyo states, Southwestern Nigeria was investigated to know their status with respect to the soil depths of samples derived from sedimentary and igneous/metamorphic rocks comprising of Alfisols (8 profiles) and Ultisols (4 profiles). These were collected at four different soil depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm and 6080 cm respectively from savanna and forest vegetation zones. The soil physico-chemical properties of pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, CEC, clay, silt and sand were determined using standard analytical methods and correlated with the different forms of sulphur (available, organic and total). The results showed that both the available, organic and the total S were positively correlated with these parameters (r = 0.905**) and (r = 0.590**) respectively. The status of the different forms of S fell below the critical limits of 10 mg/kg and as a result, farmers are advised to apply sulphur-containing fertilizers in these soils so as to obtain maximum yields in their crops particularly for leguminous plants.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"27 1","pages":"48-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78757218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ZnO undoped and doped nanocrystals with spherical morphology have been synthesized by à cost effective hydrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to evaluate the contribution of dopant ion lattice parameters. The crystallite size calculated is in good agreement with the TEM results. For pristine samples, PL is broad in nature with maxima at various positions in visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. The emission spectra of most ZnO sample show a near-band-edge line (λ=366 nm) followed by a deep level luminescence in lower energy regime (λ=453nm, 546nm and 634nm). In the present case, the higher energy band (366nm) is assigned to the occurrence of free excitons’ recombination through an exciton-exciton collision process. The Ga doped luminescence spectra, the emission peaks are at 364 nm,442 nm 544and 635nm. NBE emission had a decrement in the intensity along with shift towards lower wavelength and the 442 emission had a increase in intensity also the emission due to other intrinsic defects were depressed with Ga doping. This may be attributed to the decrease in particle size of doped samples.
{"title":"Optical and Morphological Studies of Ga Doped Zno Nanocrystals","authors":"A. George","doi":"10.9790/5736-1002016064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1002016064","url":null,"abstract":"ZnO undoped and doped nanocrystals with spherical morphology have been synthesized by à cost effective hydrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to evaluate the contribution of dopant ion lattice parameters. The crystallite size calculated is in good agreement with the TEM results. For pristine samples, PL is broad in nature with maxima at various positions in visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. The emission spectra of most ZnO sample show a near-band-edge line (λ=366 nm) followed by a deep level luminescence in lower energy regime (λ=453nm, 546nm and 634nm). In the present case, the higher energy band (366nm) is assigned to the occurrence of free excitons’ recombination through an exciton-exciton collision process. The Ga doped luminescence spectra, the emission peaks are at 364 nm,442 nm 544and 635nm. NBE emission had a decrement in the intensity along with shift towards lower wavelength and the 442 emission had a increase in intensity also the emission due to other intrinsic defects were depressed with Ga doping. This may be attributed to the decrease in particle size of doped samples.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"60-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79588328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All Concepts of source rock are based on biogenic theory of petroleum generation but it is not decided which organic matter is responsible for petroleum generation. Therefore all the source rock (marine, lacustrine & terrestrial) concepts consider all organic matters to be responsible for petroleum generation. Since 1926 AAPG together with USGS tried to find out source rock character by research but the attempt was not successful because technology was not developed. In the present work attempt is made to solve the problem related to which organic matter is responsible for petroleum generation and it has been established that only Lower Paleozoic marine organic matters were capable to generate petroleum. Based on this a unified source rock theory is proposed here suggesting there is only one episode of source rock deposition during Lower Paleozoic in our earth.
{"title":"Unified Source Rock- A New Concept in Petroleum Exploration","authors":"S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.9790/5736-1002014043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1002014043","url":null,"abstract":"All Concepts of source rock are based on biogenic theory of petroleum generation but it is not decided which organic matter is responsible for petroleum generation. Therefore all the source rock (marine, lacustrine & terrestrial) concepts consider all organic matters to be responsible for petroleum generation. Since 1926 AAPG together with USGS tried to find out source rock character by research but the attempt was not successful because technology was not developed. In the present work attempt is made to solve the problem related to which organic matter is responsible for petroleum generation and it has been established that only Lower Paleozoic marine organic matters were capable to generate petroleum. Based on this a unified source rock theory is proposed here suggesting there is only one episode of source rock deposition during Lower Paleozoic in our earth.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":"40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74354487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Up-regulation of bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase in blood serum due to lead poisoning has been correlated to many adverse health impacts. Traffic policemen and petrol station workers are more likely affected by air lead pollution. This study was conducted to determine blood lead, bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase levels in traffic policemen and petrol station workers, beside determination of some medical complications due to lead toxicity. A total of 150 subjects were randomly selected from different cities of Sudan, in which 100 samples taken as exposed group and 50 as un-exposed (control). Blood lead concentration was determined by using atomic absorption spectrometer. Biochemical parameters were measured in serum using standard methods. Data was collected with the aid of writing a questionnaire. Mean blood lead concentration in exposed group was found to be 32.2 μg /dl, whereas in control was 12.4 μg/dl. No correlation was found between blood lead levels and work duration in both exposed and control groups understudy. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in exposed group than in control. The Serum total bilirubin was slightly high (p < 0.05) in exposed group as compared to control.
{"title":"Effect of Air Lead Pollution on Blood Bilirubin and Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels among Occupationally Exposed Workers in Main Sudanese Cities","authors":"Hythem S. A. Saeed","doi":"10.9790/5736-1001024752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1001024752","url":null,"abstract":"Up-regulation of bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase in blood serum due to lead poisoning has been correlated to many adverse health impacts. Traffic policemen and petrol station workers are more likely affected by air lead pollution. This study was conducted to determine blood lead, bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase levels in traffic policemen and petrol station workers, beside determination of some medical complications due to lead toxicity. A total of 150 subjects were randomly selected from different cities of Sudan, in which 100 samples taken as exposed group and 50 as un-exposed (control). Blood lead concentration was determined by using atomic absorption spectrometer. Biochemical parameters were measured in serum using standard methods. Data was collected with the aid of writing a questionnaire. Mean blood lead concentration in exposed group was found to be 32.2 μg /dl, whereas in control was 12.4 μg/dl. No correlation was found between blood lead levels and work duration in both exposed and control groups understudy. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in exposed group than in control. The Serum total bilirubin was slightly high (p < 0.05) in exposed group as compared to control.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"39 1","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81930736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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