T. A. Sheha, T. Ibrahim, Nader E Abo-Dya, M. Tantawy, M. El-nagar, Zakaria K M Abdel-Samii
Objective: The aim of this work was to construct novel hydrazones and thiosemsicarbazide derivatives of valproic acid. The new targets will be evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity and cytotoxicity effects. Methods: Targets 7a-k, 10. 11 were synthesized starting from valproic acid using benzotriazole activation and hydrazide and thiosemicarbazide chemistry. The anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by pentylenetetrazoleinduced seizures modes using sodium valproate as a standard for comparison of the activity. The compounds with high anticonvulsant activity were subsequently examined for cytotoxicity against HepG2 by MTT assay. Results: The new targets were characterized using 1 HNMR and 13 CNMR and their purity were authenticated by elemental analysis. Four compounds 7e, 7j, 10 and 11 exhibited the most potent anticonvulsant activity associated with low cytotixicity. Conclusion: Compounds 11 exhibited a moderate anticonvulsant activity and a significantly lower cytotoxicity than valproic acid and 5-fluorouracile suggesting that it could be used as a lead for the development of better anticonvulsant drug candidates.
{"title":"Synthesis, Anticonvulsant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Novel Valproic Acid Derivatives","authors":"T. A. Sheha, T. Ibrahim, Nader E Abo-Dya, M. Tantawy, M. El-nagar, Zakaria K M Abdel-Samii","doi":"10.9790/5736-1004013745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1004013745","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this work was to construct novel hydrazones and thiosemsicarbazide derivatives of valproic acid. The new targets will be evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity and cytotoxicity effects. Methods: Targets 7a-k, 10. 11 were synthesized starting from valproic acid using benzotriazole activation and hydrazide and thiosemicarbazide chemistry. The anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by pentylenetetrazoleinduced seizures modes using sodium valproate as a standard for comparison of the activity. The compounds with high anticonvulsant activity were subsequently examined for cytotoxicity against HepG2 by MTT assay. Results: The new targets were characterized using 1 HNMR and 13 CNMR and their purity were authenticated by elemental analysis. Four compounds 7e, 7j, 10 and 11 exhibited the most potent anticonvulsant activity associated with low cytotixicity. Conclusion: Compounds 11 exhibited a moderate anticonvulsant activity and a significantly lower cytotoxicity than valproic acid and 5-fluorouracile suggesting that it could be used as a lead for the development of better anticonvulsant drug candidates.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85734573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is one of the most important and popular vitamins, and is contained in most fruits and vegetables; the problem with vitamin C is its easy degradation during processing. In this study, the degradation kinetics of vitamin C was determined in Lettuce and Cabbage, and the processing treatment considered was blanching at 70 0 C of water differently for 5, 10, 15, 20,25,30,35 and 40 minutes. Samples were dried in mild temperature (15–20 0 C) and ground to find dust and High Pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) was used for determination of the AA of vegetable salad samples which consisted of an isocratic elution procedure with UV-Visible detection at 245nm. The rate constants were calculated for both vegetable salad samples under the same processing method using the integrated law method; half-life was also calculated. Degradation of ascorbic acid in Lettuce and Cabbage under the same pretreatment procedure followed the firstorder kinetic model, as the coefficient of determination (R 2 -value) were 0.8981 and 0.9785 respectively. The rate constant of ascorbic acid degradation for Lettuce and Cabbage under the same blanching conditions were 0.099 min-1 and 0.088 min-1 respectively. The half-life of Lettuce and Cabbage were 420.0892 and 472.6004 seconds respectively. The most appropriate vegetable salad under the blanching pretreatment procedure is the cabbage because its rate constant depicted from the model equations was lower, and the half life longer, hence, slower rate of degradation. The first order forecast (Ln(C)), was 0.657964 for Lettuce and 1.330017 for Cabbage, which further authenticate that blanched Lettuce degradation was higher than Cabbage under the same pretreatment conditions.
{"title":"Kinetic Modeling of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Degradation in Blanched Commonly Consumed Salad Vegetables Using Computer Simulation Analysis","authors":"E. Awagu, E. Ekanem, A. M. Kolo, M. Adamu","doi":"10.9790/5736-1004015966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1004015966","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is one of the most important and popular vitamins, and is contained in most fruits and vegetables; the problem with vitamin C is its easy degradation during processing. In this study, the degradation kinetics of vitamin C was determined in Lettuce and Cabbage, and the processing treatment considered was blanching at 70 0 C of water differently for 5, 10, 15, 20,25,30,35 and 40 minutes. Samples were dried in mild temperature (15–20 0 C) and ground to find dust and High Pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) was used for determination of the AA of vegetable salad samples which consisted of an isocratic elution procedure with UV-Visible detection at 245nm. The rate constants were calculated for both vegetable salad samples under the same processing method using the integrated law method; half-life was also calculated. Degradation of ascorbic acid in Lettuce and Cabbage under the same pretreatment procedure followed the firstorder kinetic model, as the coefficient of determination (R 2 -value) were 0.8981 and 0.9785 respectively. The rate constant of ascorbic acid degradation for Lettuce and Cabbage under the same blanching conditions were 0.099 min-1 and 0.088 min-1 respectively. The half-life of Lettuce and Cabbage were 420.0892 and 472.6004 seconds respectively. The most appropriate vegetable salad under the blanching pretreatment procedure is the cabbage because its rate constant depicted from the model equations was lower, and the half life longer, hence, slower rate of degradation. The first order forecast (Ln(C)), was 0.657964 for Lettuce and 1.330017 for Cabbage, which further authenticate that blanched Lettuce degradation was higher than Cabbage under the same pretreatment conditions.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83062675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad R. Ahmed, A. A. Mohammed, Maysoon. A.hamad
Methacrylate polymers are widely used as additives in lubricating oils, as pour point depressants and viscosity index improvers. In this study, homopolymer of Octadecyl methacrylate and Octadecyl methacrylate_co_methylmethacrylate with molar ratios of 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 were synthesized and characterized. The free radical polymerization was carried out at 70 °C in toluene solvent and 2, 2′azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. All products were characterized by FTIR, 1 H-NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The obtained results showed the efficacy of the additives as viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants. The pour points of most base oils containing each polymer decreased compared to that of the pure base oil. 70% octadecyl methacrylate units showed a 15C o reduction in their pour points, thus establishing the large efficiency of the products synthesized in this work. The efficiencies of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers were investigated. It was found that the efficiency of the prepared compound as viscosity index improvers increases with increasing the concentration of additives.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Poly Octadecyl Methacrylate and Poly Octadecyl Methacrylate-CoMethylmethacrylate as an Additive for Lubricating Oil","authors":"Mohammad R. Ahmed, A. A. Mohammed, Maysoon. A.hamad","doi":"10.9790/5736-1004015058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1004015058","url":null,"abstract":"Methacrylate polymers are widely used as additives in lubricating oils, as pour point depressants and viscosity index improvers. In this study, homopolymer of Octadecyl methacrylate and Octadecyl methacrylate_co_methylmethacrylate with molar ratios of 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 were synthesized and characterized. The free radical polymerization was carried out at 70 °C in toluene solvent and 2, 2′azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. All products were characterized by FTIR, 1 H-NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The obtained results showed the efficacy of the additives as viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants. The pour points of most base oils containing each polymer decreased compared to that of the pure base oil. 70% octadecyl methacrylate units showed a 15C o reduction in their pour points, thus establishing the large efficiency of the products synthesized in this work. The efficiencies of the prepared compounds as viscosity index improvers were investigated. It was found that the efficiency of the prepared compound as viscosity index improvers increases with increasing the concentration of additives.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84901275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efficiency of the husk, stalk, cob and seed chaff from maize biomass in the removal of Zn ions from solution under different conditions was studied and compared. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra of the different biomass parts before and after adsorption of metal ions showed that the husk and cob had more available functional groups and as such active sites for the adsorption of Zn 2+ ions than the seed chaff and stalk. Percentage removal of Zn 2+ ions from solution increased with increase in the studied pH range for all the parts. This value also increased with increase in biomass load for the husk and cob but showed an alternating increase and decrease in Zn 2+ ions removal as biomass load increased when the seed chaff and stalk were studied. At optimum pH and biomass load for the studied parts the maize husk gave the best removal efficiency of 72.8 %, making it a promising green packing material for industrial scale water treatment application.
{"title":"Profiling of Zn2+ Ion Sorption in Modeled Aqueous Solutions by different Parts of Maize Biomass","authors":"C. Duru, I. Duru, F. Ibe, M. C. Enedoh","doi":"10.9790/5736-1003017075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1003017075","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of the husk, stalk, cob and seed chaff from maize biomass in the removal of Zn ions from solution under different conditions was studied and compared. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra of the different biomass parts before and after adsorption of metal ions showed that the husk and cob had more available functional groups and as such active sites for the adsorption of Zn 2+ ions than the seed chaff and stalk. Percentage removal of Zn 2+ ions from solution increased with increase in the studied pH range for all the parts. This value also increased with increase in biomass load for the husk and cob but showed an alternating increase and decrease in Zn 2+ ions removal as biomass load increased when the seed chaff and stalk were studied. At optimum pH and biomass load for the studied parts the maize husk gave the best removal efficiency of 72.8 %, making it a promising green packing material for industrial scale water treatment application.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74459086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effectiveness of corn silk water extract (CSWE) as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 0.5M HCl solution at 303K,313K and 323K was investigated in this work. Various concentrations of CSWE (5%v/v, 10%v/v, and 15% and 20% v/v) were prepared from dried corn silk. The study was carried out using weight loss and AAS analysis. The results of the AAS analysis collaborated weight loss measurements on the efficiency of CSWE as corrosion inhibitor. Inhibition efficiency of 77.7% and 72.0% was obtained respectively using both methods. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in concentration of CSWE (5%v/v<10%v/v <15% < 20% v/v) while corrosion rate decreased as concentration increased. Increase in temperature reduced inhibition efficiency and CSWE was shown to be most effective at 303K than at 313K and 323K. Kinetic study of the process proposed a first order reaction type. From thermodynamic parameters, inhibition was attributed to the existence of a protective film on metal surface by interaction between inhibitor molecules and metal ions in solution..Reaction rate constant values calculated were 0.0234, 0.0818 and 0.104 for the blank solution and 0.0049, 0.0328, 0.0416 for the highest inhibitor concentration of 20% v/v respectively at the different temperatures studied.Data obtained were subjected to Langmuir, Temkin and Frendlich isotherms. Langmuir model was found to be most fitted of the three models. The utility of a waste material as corrosion inhibitor is once more reported.
{"title":"Corn Silk as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 0.1M HCl Medium","authors":"K. Orubite, N. Ngobiri","doi":"10.9790/5736-1003015160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1003015160","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of corn silk water extract (CSWE) as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 0.5M HCl solution at 303K,313K and 323K was investigated in this work. Various concentrations of CSWE (5%v/v, 10%v/v, and 15% and 20% v/v) were prepared from dried corn silk. The study was carried out using weight loss and AAS analysis. The results of the AAS analysis collaborated weight loss measurements on the efficiency of CSWE as corrosion inhibitor. Inhibition efficiency of 77.7% and 72.0% was obtained respectively using both methods. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in concentration of CSWE (5%v/v<10%v/v <15% < 20% v/v) while corrosion rate decreased as concentration increased. Increase in temperature reduced inhibition efficiency and CSWE was shown to be most effective at 303K than at 313K and 323K. Kinetic study of the process proposed a first order reaction type. From thermodynamic parameters, inhibition was attributed to the existence of a protective film on metal surface by interaction between inhibitor molecules and metal ions in solution..Reaction rate constant values calculated were 0.0234, 0.0818 and 0.104 for the blank solution and 0.0049, 0.0328, 0.0416 for the highest inhibitor concentration of 20% v/v respectively at the different temperatures studied.Data obtained were subjected to Langmuir, Temkin and Frendlich isotherms. Langmuir model was found to be most fitted of the three models. The utility of a waste material as corrosion inhibitor is once more reported.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80470400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance of a continuous electrocoagulation (EC) process was investigated for tannery wastewater treatment using aluminum and iron electrodes. The effects of the operating parameters, such as current density, pH of solution and inlet flow rate, on pollutants removal efficiency and recovery of hydrogen gas were investigated in order to optimize process performance. In the case of aluminum electrodes, The results showed that for tannery wastewater with an influent pH adjusted at about 6, the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm 2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 73, 94, 100 and 51%, respectively. The energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 16% of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. However, in the case of iron electrodes, with effluent pH adjusted at about 7, , the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm 2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 67, 93, 100 and 46 %, respectively. And also, the energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 15 % of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. Thus, the operating costs for two cases were found to be 0.675 $/m 3 wastewater. It could be seen that hydrogen gas production coupled with pollutants removal efficiency by EC continuous mode would be an effective approach for energy recovery and wastewater reutilization.
{"title":"Hydrogen Gas Production from Tannery Wastewater by Electrocoagulation of a Continuous Mode with Simultaneous Pollutants Removal","authors":"Abdalhadi Deghles, Uğur Kurt","doi":"10.9790/5736-1003014050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1003014050","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of a continuous electrocoagulation (EC) process was investigated for tannery wastewater treatment using aluminum and iron electrodes. The effects of the operating parameters, such as current density, pH of solution and inlet flow rate, on pollutants removal efficiency and recovery of hydrogen gas were investigated in order to optimize process performance. In the case of aluminum electrodes, The results showed that for tannery wastewater with an influent pH adjusted at about 6, the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm 2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 73, 94, 100 and 51%, respectively. The energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 16% of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. However, in the case of iron electrodes, with effluent pH adjusted at about 7, , the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm 2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 67, 93, 100 and 46 %, respectively. And also, the energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 15 % of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. Thus, the operating costs for two cases were found to be 0.675 $/m 3 wastewater. It could be seen that hydrogen gas production coupled with pollutants removal efficiency by EC continuous mode would be an effective approach for energy recovery and wastewater reutilization.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86828769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessment of the quality of underground water is an important issue for the safety of mankind who uses this as drinking water and other purposes. For this reason, the present research activities have been focused on various essential physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total solids, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total hardness, turbidity, sulphate, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, total alkalinity, arsenic, iron, manganese, chromium, nickel, cadmium, lead, magnesium, potassium, calcium, cobalt, mercury, copper and zinc of water samples from study area. In Chittagong Export Processing Zone (CEPZ) industrial area, most of the values of physico-chemical parameters for collected samples have exceeded the acceptable range of World Health Organization (WHO) and Bangladesh Standard and Testing Institute (BSTI). On the other hand, in Hathazari non-industrial area, almost all the values of both physical and chemical parameters as well as the trace metals have not crossed the acceptable limit according to WHO and BSTI.
{"title":"Comparison of ground water quality between CEPZ industrial area and Hathazari non industrial area in Chittagong, Bangladesh","authors":"N. Islam, A. Morshed, D. Paul","doi":"10.9790/5736-1003010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1003010105","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of the quality of underground water is an important issue for the safety of mankind who uses this as drinking water and other purposes. For this reason, the present research activities have been focused on various essential physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total solids, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total hardness, turbidity, sulphate, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, total alkalinity, arsenic, iron, manganese, chromium, nickel, cadmium, lead, magnesium, potassium, calcium, cobalt, mercury, copper and zinc of water samples from study area. In Chittagong Export Processing Zone (CEPZ) industrial area, most of the values of physico-chemical parameters for collected samples have exceeded the acceptable range of World Health Organization (WHO) and Bangladesh Standard and Testing Institute (BSTI). On the other hand, in Hathazari non-industrial area, almost all the values of both physical and chemical parameters as well as the trace metals have not crossed the acceptable limit according to WHO and BSTI.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85251067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some plants of the family solanaceae such as Solanumdubium"Gubbain", which is a well-known wild plant, grow wildly in many regions in Sudan during the rainy season.Solanumdubiumis used in rural areas for milk coagulation. It is a bushy pubescent herb grown widely in northern, central and western Sudan along with other species such as S. innacum, S. esculentum, S. macrocarpon and S. melongena.Research on S. dubium was focused mainly on obtaining Solanum crude enzyme from the seeds in pure form and commercial production of the enzyme for cheese making. Solanaceous plants are known for their high alkaloidal content in all plant parts including the seeds, which are responsible for their antimicrobial activity in addition to other metabolites such as flavonoids and tannins. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of the seeds ofSolanumdubiumplant and its properties.Plant Solanumdubium have been used as milk coagulants in cheese making for centuries either as crude extracts or in purified form. These coagulants are an alternative to the calf rennet due to the limited availability and high price of rennet, religious factors, diet or ban on recombinant calf rennet in some countries. These enzymes are found in almost all kinds of plant tissues and can be obtained from their natural source or through in vitro culture to ensure a continuous supply of plant proteases. The excessive proteolytic nature of most plant coagulants haslimited their use in cheese manufacturing due to lower yields of cheese, bitter flavors and texture defects. The search for new potential milk-clotting enzymes from plants still continues in order to meet the increasing global demand for diversified and good quality cheese production. For the great important uses ofsolanum,the study aim’s to focus of the active chemicals component in solanum seeds. The seeds of Solanumdubium were blended and extracted using different types of buffers. The most reliable, quick, and efficient buffer was found to be 5% NaCl in acetate buffer (pH 5.0) which was used throughout the study. The extract was filtered and fractionated twice with ammonium sulphate. When compared with other plant enzymes, S. dubium enzyme was found to have higher clotting and proteolytic activities. The activity of the enzyme was steadily increased with enzyme and substrate concentration. The enzyme was found to be very stable against a wide range of pH values as well as a wide range of temperature (20–90 °C). The results of substrate specificity of the enzyme showed that the partially purified enzyme preferred both hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acid residues at P1 position. The catalytic efficiency of the purified enzyme was enhanced by an aliphatic amino acids (Leu) compared to aromatic residue (Phe) at P1 position at the same site.And the morphology of solanum seeds was studied with scanning electron microscopy of mucilage at different magnification using Philips, Lancashire, XL-30 SEM and the result
{"title":"Evaluation of Minerals Content in SolaniumDubium Collected From White Nilein Central Sudan","authors":"A. Mohammed","doi":"10.9790/5736-1002010111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1002010111","url":null,"abstract":"Some plants of the family solanaceae such as Solanumdubium\"Gubbain\", which is a well-known wild plant, grow wildly in many regions in Sudan during the rainy season.Solanumdubiumis used in rural areas for milk coagulation. It is a bushy pubescent herb grown widely in northern, central and western Sudan along with other species such as S. innacum, S. esculentum, S. macrocarpon and S. melongena.Research on S. dubium was focused mainly on obtaining Solanum crude enzyme from the seeds in pure form and commercial production of the enzyme for cheese making. Solanaceous plants are known for their high alkaloidal content in all plant parts including the seeds, which are responsible for their antimicrobial activity in addition to other metabolites such as flavonoids and tannins. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of the seeds ofSolanumdubiumplant and its properties.Plant Solanumdubium have been used as milk coagulants in cheese making for centuries either as crude extracts or in purified form. These coagulants are an alternative to the calf rennet due to the limited availability and high price of rennet, religious factors, diet or ban on recombinant calf rennet in some countries. These enzymes are found in almost all kinds of plant tissues and can be obtained from their natural source or through in vitro culture to ensure a continuous supply of plant proteases. The excessive proteolytic nature of most plant coagulants haslimited their use in cheese manufacturing due to lower yields of cheese, bitter flavors and texture defects. The search for new potential milk-clotting enzymes from plants still continues in order to meet the increasing global demand for diversified and good quality cheese production. For the great important uses ofsolanum,the study aim’s to focus of the active chemicals component in solanum seeds. The seeds of Solanumdubium were blended and extracted using different types of buffers. The most reliable, quick, and efficient buffer was found to be 5% NaCl in acetate buffer (pH 5.0) which was used throughout the study. The extract was filtered and fractionated twice with ammonium sulphate. When compared with other plant enzymes, S. dubium enzyme was found to have higher clotting and proteolytic activities. The activity of the enzyme was steadily increased with enzyme and substrate concentration. The enzyme was found to be very stable against a wide range of pH values as well as a wide range of temperature (20–90 °C). The results of substrate specificity of the enzyme showed that the partially purified enzyme preferred both hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acid residues at P1 position. The catalytic efficiency of the purified enzyme was enhanced by an aliphatic amino acids (Leu) compared to aromatic residue (Phe) at P1 position at the same site.And the morphology of solanum seeds was studied with scanning electron microscopy of mucilage at different magnification using Philips, Lancashire, XL-30 SEM and the result","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91114638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to derive partial derivatives involving generalized I–function of two variables.
本文的目的是推导涉及两变量广义i函数的偏导数。
{"title":"Partial Derivatives Involving Generalized I–Function of Two Variables","authors":"S. S. Dubey, S. Shrivastava","doi":"10.9790/5736-1002012729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1002012729","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to derive partial derivatives involving generalized I–function of two variables.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81919940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nano science and nano-engineering is also referred as nano modification, have come into common usage and describe two main avenues of application of nanotechnology in architectural application. Even though a huge and alluring potential of nanotechnology in architecture and civil engineering has been envisaged and enormous efforts throughout the world are being taken unto use nanotechnology in architectural applications, still few of grey areas need to be explored to make the technology more applicable. This paper presents the developments in the field of nanotechnology and nano science research in architectural development.
{"title":"Nano Technology in Architecture: Exploring Possibilities.","authors":"Anjali Acharya, S. Giri, V. Gokhale","doi":"10.9790/5736-1002014447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1002014447","url":null,"abstract":"The nano science and nano-engineering is also referred as nano modification, have come into common usage and describe two main avenues of application of nanotechnology in architectural application. Even though a huge and alluring potential of nanotechnology in architecture and civil engineering has been envisaged and enormous efforts throughout the world are being taken unto use nanotechnology in architectural applications, still few of grey areas need to be explored to make the technology more applicable. This paper presents the developments in the field of nanotechnology and nano science research in architectural development.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87486873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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