Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.9790/0853-160603126132
M. Motwani, Rohit Biranjan, Apeksha Dhole, Anuraag B. Choudhary, Apurva S Mohite
Introduction: Lateral cephalograms display numerous cranial, facial and oral anatomic structures along with sella turcica which is considered vital for many radiographic analyses. It is demarcated by dense thin white line and is used to measure the position of maxilla & mandible in relation to the cranial base and to themselves. Various studies have found an association between morphological variations of sella to malocclusion and also gender differences have been noted. This retrospective study was carried out to evaluate these morphological variations of sella turcica and its relation to type of malocclusion. Aim: To determine dimensions and morphological variations of sella turcica in different age groups & correlation between sella and type of malocclusion. Materials And Methods: 200 lateral cephalometric images of the patients more than age group of 8 years and less than 25 years were selected. The morphological variations, linear measurements of sella turcica and the skeletal type classification, based on ANB angle was determined. Length, depth, antero-posterior diameter (linear dimentions) were measured and correlated with the type of malocclusion. Results: Out of the total sample studied, it was found that, when linear measurements were assessed, there was statistically significant difference found between the length and antero-posterior diameter of sella turcica. When skeletal type malocclusion was assessed, there was no significant correlation found between sella morphology, linear dimensions and the different types of malocclusion. Conclusion: The study showed significant correlation between the length and the anteroposterior diameter with the advancing age which signifies that growth of the individual can be assessed based on the size of sella turcica at different age periods.
{"title":"A Study To Evaluate The Shape And Size of Sella Turcica And Its Correlation with The Type of Malocclusion on Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs","authors":"M. Motwani, Rohit Biranjan, Apeksha Dhole, Anuraag B. Choudhary, Apurva S Mohite","doi":"10.9790/0853-160603126132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-160603126132","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lateral cephalograms display numerous cranial, facial and oral anatomic structures along with sella turcica which is considered vital for many radiographic analyses. It is demarcated by dense thin white line and is used to measure the position of maxilla & mandible in relation to the cranial base and to themselves. Various studies have found an association between morphological variations of sella to malocclusion and also gender differences have been noted. This retrospective study was carried out to evaluate these morphological variations of sella turcica and its relation to type of malocclusion. Aim: To determine dimensions and morphological variations of sella turcica in different age groups & correlation between sella and type of malocclusion. Materials And Methods: 200 lateral cephalometric images of the patients more than age group of 8 years and less than 25 years were selected. The morphological variations, linear measurements of sella turcica and the skeletal type classification, based on ANB angle was determined. Length, depth, antero-posterior diameter (linear dimentions) were measured and correlated with the type of malocclusion. Results: Out of the total sample studied, it was found that, when linear measurements were assessed, there was statistically significant difference found between the length and antero-posterior diameter of sella turcica. When skeletal type malocclusion was assessed, there was no significant correlation found between sella morphology, linear dimensions and the different types of malocclusion. Conclusion: The study showed significant correlation between the length and the anteroposterior diameter with the advancing age which signifies that growth of the individual can be assessed based on the size of sella turcica at different age periods.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87795867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paarthipan Natarajan, S. Mohan, S. Jaiganesh, A. Lata, R. K.V
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Is The Most Commonly Injured Of The Major Knee Ligaments. Injuries Occur Frequently In Both Athletes And Nonathletes. In United States The Prevalence Of ACL Injury Is About 1 In 3000, And Approximately 2,50,000 Injuries Occur Every Year. Prompt Assessment Of Full Extent Of Ligamentous Damage Is Essential For Appropriate Management. Because Of Its Intraarticular Location, The ACL Has Poor Healing Potential. The Ruptured ACL Does Not Form A Bridging Scar After Complete Disruption. The Prognosis For A Partially Torn ACL May Be Favorable, If The Synovial Envelope Remains Intact. Without Treatment Complete ACL Injury Can Result In Progressively Increasing Symptomatic Knee Instability And Osteoarthritis. Meniscus Injury Occurs In Association With 50% Of Acute ACL Tears, And It Increases To 90% In Chronic ACL Deficient Knees. The Incidence Of Articular Cartilage Lesions Increases From 30% In Acute ACL Injuries To Approximately 70% Of Knees With Chronic ACL Instability. The Fundamental Rationale For Diagnosing And Treating ACL Injury Is To Prevent Future Meniscal Tears And Associated Joint Damage. For Treating ACL Injury The Orthopaedician Or Arthroscopist Needs The Answer To Following Questions: 1. Whether ACL Is Normal Or Abnormal? If ACL Is Normal, Invasive Arthroscopy Can Be Avoided In Patients With Suspected ACL Injury. 2. If Abnormal, Whether The Tear Is Complete Or Partial? If Partial Conservative Management Or Repair Can Be Done. However In Complete Tears Reconstruction Needs To Be Done In Most Of Cases. 3. What Is The Status Of Associated Structures Such As PCL, Menisci, MCL, LCL, Posterolateral, Posteromedial Plateau In ACL Injured Patients? Because An Injury To Above Structures Along With Complete Tear Of ACL Needs Early Reconstruction Of ACL. ACL Injury Can Be Diagnosed In Majority Of Patients By History And Clinical Examination. The Clinical Diagnosis Is Fraught With Difficulty In Acute Cases And In Large Patients. Also Partial Tears Are Difficult To Diagnose And The Associated Injuries Could Not Be Completely Evaluated By Clinical Examination. Arthroscopy And Arthrotomy Are The Criterion Standards For Definitive Diagnosis But Are Invasive And Costly. It Can Get Unnecessary If ACL Turns Out To Be Normal. Spiral CT Arthrography Is More Invasive Than Conventional MR Imaging. It Uses Ionizing Radiation And Is Subject To The Potential Complications Inherent In Intraarticular Injection Of Iodinated Contrast Material. The Continuing Need For A Better Non Invasive Imaging Modality For ACL Injury Led To The Use Of MRI As A Diagnostic And Pre- Operative Evaluation Modality. MRI Is A Recently Devised Modality For Evaluation Of ACL And Knee Joint. Imaging Is Done In Sagittal, Axial And Coronal Planes Using T1, T2 And STIR Sequences Using Quadrature Knee Coil. The Following Study Involves Detailed Evaluation ACL Injury And Its Associated Injuries Using MRI And Comparing With
{"title":"MRI Evaluation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears with Arthroscopic Correlation.","authors":"Paarthipan Natarajan, S. Mohan, S. Jaiganesh, A. Lata, R. K.V","doi":"10.9790/0853-1606121428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1606121428","url":null,"abstract":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Is The Most Commonly Injured Of The \u0000Major Knee Ligaments. Injuries Occur Frequently In Both Athletes And \u0000Nonathletes. In United States The Prevalence Of ACL Injury Is About 1 In 3000, \u0000And Approximately 2,50,000 Injuries Occur Every Year. Prompt Assessment Of \u0000Full Extent Of Ligamentous Damage Is Essential For Appropriate Management. \u0000Because Of Its Intraarticular Location, The ACL Has Poor Healing \u0000Potential. The Ruptured ACL Does Not Form A Bridging Scar After Complete \u0000Disruption. The Prognosis For A Partially Torn ACL May Be Favorable, If The \u0000Synovial Envelope Remains Intact. Without Treatment Complete ACL Injury Can \u0000Result In Progressively Increasing Symptomatic Knee Instability And \u0000Osteoarthritis. \u0000Meniscus Injury Occurs In Association With 50% Of Acute ACL Tears, And \u0000It Increases To 90% In Chronic ACL Deficient Knees. The Incidence Of Articular \u0000Cartilage Lesions Increases From 30% In Acute ACL Injuries To Approximately \u000070% Of Knees With Chronic ACL Instability. The Fundamental Rationale For \u0000Diagnosing And Treating ACL Injury Is To Prevent Future Meniscal Tears And \u0000Associated Joint Damage. \u0000For Treating ACL Injury The Orthopaedician Or Arthroscopist Needs The \u0000Answer To Following Questions: \u00001. Whether ACL Is Normal Or Abnormal? If ACL Is Normal, \u0000Invasive Arthroscopy Can Be Avoided In Patients With Suspected \u0000ACL Injury. \u00002. If Abnormal, Whether The Tear Is Complete Or Partial? If Partial \u0000Conservative Management Or Repair Can Be Done. However In \u0000Complete Tears Reconstruction Needs To Be Done In Most Of Cases. \u00003. What Is The Status Of Associated Structures Such As PCL, Menisci, \u0000MCL, LCL, Posterolateral, Posteromedial Plateau In ACL \u0000Injured Patients? Because An Injury To Above Structures Along \u0000With Complete Tear Of ACL Needs Early Reconstruction Of ACL. \u0000ACL Injury Can Be Diagnosed In Majority Of Patients By History And \u0000Clinical Examination. The Clinical Diagnosis Is Fraught With Difficulty In Acute \u0000Cases And In Large Patients. Also Partial Tears Are Difficult To Diagnose And The \u0000Associated Injuries Could Not Be Completely Evaluated By Clinical Examination. \u0000Arthroscopy And Arthrotomy Are The Criterion Standards For Definitive \u0000Diagnosis But Are Invasive And Costly. It Can Get Unnecessary If ACL Turns Out To \u0000Be Normal. \u0000Spiral CT Arthrography Is More Invasive Than Conventional MR \u0000Imaging. It Uses Ionizing Radiation And Is Subject To The Potential Complications \u0000Inherent In Intraarticular Injection Of Iodinated Contrast Material. \u0000The Continuing Need For A Better Non Invasive Imaging Modality For ACL \u0000Injury Led To The Use Of MRI As A Diagnostic And Pre- Operative Evaluation \u0000Modality. \u0000MRI Is A Recently Devised Modality For Evaluation Of ACL And Knee \u0000Joint. Imaging Is Done In Sagittal, Axial And Coronal Planes Using T1, T2 And \u0000STIR Sequences Using Quadrature Knee Coil. \u0000The Following Study Involves Detailed Evaluation ACL Injury And Its \u0000Associated Injuries Using MRI And Comparing With","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76026083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.9790/0853-160702107108
Don Robin, Deepti Manjunath, D. Roshan
{"title":"Prevalence of Hyponatremia in Elderly Patients Admitted with Fracture Neck of Femur","authors":"Don Robin, Deepti Manjunath, D. Roshan","doi":"10.9790/0853-160702107108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-160702107108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80443777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Dr.Prabhakaran., C. Dr.RajeevThilak, D. Isath, D. Pathrose
Pneumoperitoneum in traumatic patients almost always indicates a underlying bowel pathology. We present a case report where pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum associated with Tracheobronchial injury causing/presenting as pneumoperitoneum. Treatment Protocol of such presentation has not yet been standardised due to its rare presentation.
{"title":"A Case Of Pneumoperitoneum In A Patient With Blunt Injury Thorax","authors":"U. Dr.Prabhakaran., C. Dr.RajeevThilak, D. Isath, D. Pathrose","doi":"10.9790/0853-1607028588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1607028588","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumoperitoneum in traumatic patients almost always indicates a underlying bowel pathology. We present a case report where pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum associated with Tracheobronchial injury causing/presenting as pneumoperitoneum. Treatment Protocol of such presentation has not yet been standardised due to its rare presentation.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80609466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biostatistics is undesirably seen as a mathematical science. Time now is to reorient the subject with the goal that it makes the most of its legitimate place into medical disciplines as opposed to being dealt with as an outsider subject. The accompanying is a concise blueprint of the arrangement of showing this subject can be extremely persuading to medical undergraduates as the one that satisfies their medical need. In the same way as other fields, public health has grasped the procedure of confirmation based practice to illuminate rehearse choices and to guide arrangement advancement. Prove construct practice is regularly needy upon speculations made with respect to the bases of the current group of learning – osmoses of the exploration writing on a specific subject. The potential utility of logical confirmation for managing strategy and practice choices is grounded in the legitimacy of the exploration examinations whereupon such choices are made. Nonetheless, the legitimacy of inductions produced using the surviving public health research literature requires more than finding out the legitimacy of the bio-statistical methods alone; for each review, the legitimacy of the whole research prepare must be fundamentally examined to the best degree conceivable so that proper conclusions can be drawn, and that suggestions for advancement of sound public health policy and practice can be offered. Bio-statistics has been requested progressively in biomedical research since the 1960s for support in experimental design, mathematical and biostatistician modeling and additionally computational biostatistics. This brought about the foundation of bio-statistical units in colleges, investigate organizations and bigger pharmaceutical companies; an advancement not without unsettling influences and routinely reexamining the part of biostatistics and its avocation at that spots. This paper presents an approach where counseling and skill is joined with participation, on the premise of sound biostatistical science and original bio-statistical research.
{"title":"Impact of Bio-statistics in Medical Sciences","authors":"M. Ahmad","doi":"10.9790/0853-1607026366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1607026366","url":null,"abstract":"Biostatistics is undesirably seen as a mathematical science. Time now is to reorient the subject with the goal that it makes the most of its legitimate place into medical disciplines as opposed to being dealt with as an outsider subject. The accompanying is a concise blueprint of the arrangement of showing this subject can be extremely persuading to medical undergraduates as the one that satisfies their medical need. In the same way as other fields, public health has grasped the procedure of confirmation based practice to illuminate rehearse choices and to guide arrangement advancement. Prove construct practice is regularly needy upon speculations made with respect to the bases of the current group of learning – osmoses of the exploration writing on a specific subject. The potential utility of logical confirmation for managing strategy and practice choices is grounded in the legitimacy of the exploration examinations whereupon such choices are made. Nonetheless, the legitimacy of inductions produced using the surviving public health research literature requires more than finding out the legitimacy of the bio-statistical methods alone; for each review, the legitimacy of the whole research prepare must be fundamentally examined to the best degree conceivable so that proper conclusions can be drawn, and that suggestions for advancement of sound public health policy and practice can be offered. Bio-statistics has been requested progressively in biomedical research since the 1960s for support in experimental design, mathematical and biostatistician modeling and additionally computational biostatistics. This brought about the foundation of bio-statistical units in colleges, investigate organizations and bigger pharmaceutical companies; an advancement not without unsettling influences and routinely reexamining the part of biostatistics and its avocation at that spots. This paper presents an approach where counseling and skill is joined with participation, on the premise of sound biostatistical science and original bio-statistical research.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80937105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is aimed to provide general and pediatric dentists with the essential knowledge to provide care to children with Down syndrome. The features of Down syndrome, the medical and dental issues which may be present in a child with Down syndrome, and how might these may impact on dental care, will be presented in this article.
{"title":"Down Syndrome: A Review for the Dental Professionals","authors":"M. Aldossary","doi":"10.9790/0853-1607016166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1607016166","url":null,"abstract":"This article is aimed to provide general and pediatric dentists with the essential knowledge to provide care to children with Down syndrome. The features of Down syndrome, the medical and dental issues which may be present in a child with Down syndrome, and how might these may impact on dental care, will be presented in this article.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74777623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matrices are used whenever one or more walls of the tooth are missing. They help to establish the proper anatomic contour and proximal contacts without gingival overhangs. There are several designs of matrices available for different clinical situations. They may range from a simple metal or plastic strip to a circumferential band of metal encircling the entire crown depending on the extent of tooth destruction.
{"title":"Restoring Proximal Contacts of Teeth","authors":"A. Markose","doi":"10.9790/0853-1606114649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1606114649","url":null,"abstract":"Matrices are used whenever one or more walls of the tooth are missing. They help to establish the proper anatomic contour and proximal contacts without gingival overhangs. There are several designs of matrices available for different clinical situations. They may range from a simple metal or plastic strip to a circumferential band of metal encircling the entire crown depending on the extent of tooth destruction.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72878240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.9790/0853-16070199104
Bhavneet Kour, Kuldeep Singh, P. Singh
Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the first choice for evaluation of thyroid enlargement. Diagnosis is based on the identification of predominant cell pattern, cell morphology and background details. Fine needle non-aspiration cytology (FNNAC) avoids aspiration, uses capillary action of the fine needle. It is more patient friendly with less pain and better perception of lesion. Aim of the study: To evaluate the results ofFine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and Fine Needle Non Aspiration Cytology (FNNAC) in diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Materials and Methods: One-year observational, prospective study was conducted on patients with palpable thyroid lesions in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu. Patients were investigated with a thyroid function test and a needle biopsy. Both FNAC and FNNAC techniques were performed simultaneously at the same site by the same investigator. Points were allocated to each specimen according to Mair et al. scoring system and categorized as follows: unsuitable for cytodiagnosis (0-2 points), diagnostically adequate (3-6 points) and diagnostically superior (7-10 points). Results: A total of 140 patients with palpable thyroid lesions were subjected to needle biopsies. Females dominated the study with female to male ratio of 5.36:1. Non-neoplastic lesions were observed in 89.29% and neoplastic in 10.71% cases. . The cumulative score was found significantly more in case of FNNAC than FNAC (946 vs 784; p<0.0001). For diagnostically superior category, results of both FNAC and FNNAC were comparable. Conclusion: FNAC smears produced adequate results in more cases. FNNAC was more diagnostically superior. It causes less damage to tissue, less artefacts and allows better perception of lesion. FNNAC is a good technique that should be used alone or in combination with FNAC for better diagnostic yield.
背景:细针穿刺细胞学检查(FNAC)是评估甲状腺肿大的首选方法。诊断是基于显性细胞模式，细胞形态和背景细节的识别。细针非抽吸细胞学(FNNAC)避免抽吸，利用细针的毛细管作用。它对病人更友好，疼痛更少，病变感觉更好。目的:探讨细针穿刺细胞学(FNAC)与细针非穿刺细胞学(FNNAC)在甲状腺病变诊断中的价值。材料与方法:对查谟政府医学院病理科可触及甲状腺病变患者进行为期一年的观察性前瞻性研究。对患者进行甲状腺功能检查和穿刺活检。FNAC和FNNAC技术由同一研究者在同一部位同时进行。根据maair等评分系统对每个标本进行评分，分为不适合细胞诊断(0-2分)、诊断适宜(3-6分)和诊断优良(7-10分)。结果:140例可触及甲状腺病变患者行针活检。以女性为主，男女比例为5.36:1。非肿瘤性病变占89.29%，肿瘤性病变占10.71%。FNNAC的累积得分明显高于FNAC (946 vs 784;p < 0.0001)。对于诊断优势类别，FNAC和FNNAC的结果具有可比性。结论:FNAC涂片在更多病例中获得了足够的结果。FNNAC在诊断上更优越。它对组织造成的损伤更小，人工制品更少，并且可以更好地感知病变。FNNAC是一种很好的技术，可单独使用或与FNAC联合使用，以提高诊断率。
{"title":"Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Versus Non-Aspiration Cytology In Diagnosis of Thyroid Lesions","authors":"Bhavneet Kour, Kuldeep Singh, P. Singh","doi":"10.9790/0853-16070199104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-16070199104","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the first choice for evaluation of thyroid enlargement. Diagnosis is based on the identification of predominant cell pattern, cell morphology and background details. Fine needle non-aspiration cytology (FNNAC) avoids aspiration, uses capillary action of the fine needle. It is more patient friendly with less pain and better perception of lesion. Aim of the study: To evaluate the results ofFine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and Fine Needle Non Aspiration Cytology (FNNAC) in diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Materials and Methods: One-year observational, prospective study was conducted on patients with palpable thyroid lesions in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu. Patients were investigated with a thyroid function test and a needle biopsy. Both FNAC and FNNAC techniques were performed simultaneously at the same site by the same investigator. Points were allocated to each specimen according to Mair et al. scoring system and categorized as follows: unsuitable for cytodiagnosis (0-2 points), diagnostically adequate (3-6 points) and diagnostically superior (7-10 points). Results: A total of 140 patients with palpable thyroid lesions were subjected to needle biopsies. Females dominated the study with female to male ratio of 5.36:1. Non-neoplastic lesions were observed in 89.29% and neoplastic in 10.71% cases. . The cumulative score was found significantly more in case of FNNAC than FNAC (946 vs 784; p<0.0001). For diagnostically superior category, results of both FNAC and FNNAC were comparable. Conclusion: FNAC smears produced adequate results in more cases. FNNAC was more diagnostically superior. It causes less damage to tissue, less artefacts and allows better perception of lesion. FNNAC is a good technique that should be used alone or in combination with FNAC for better diagnostic yield.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76237366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Basavaraj, Ravichandra Honnalli, S. SagarN, M. PraveenAshok, C. ShwethaK
Since ancient period, river sand has been used in the construction industry as a dominant material from the level of foundation to the end of a project .Today demand for sand continues to increase to meet the needs of growth in population. Excessive instream sand mining causes the degradation of rivers and creating ecological imbalance. Instream mining lowers the stream bottom, which may lead to bank erosion and may lead for river meandering. It is the need of the hour to investigate for a suitable alternative material for sand like stone crusher powder and granite fines etc. which are available abundantly from crusher units and granite industries. Use of stone crusher powder proves to be economical and eco-friendly which generally considered as unused. The investigations indicate that stone crusher powder has the similar characteristics and performances as that of river sand. In this paper an attempt has been made to investigate the replacement of sand with Stone crusher powder. Strength behavior of concrete with the use of stone crusher powder as a replacement of fine aggregates in different proportions is discussed. Test results are also discussed pertaining to strength and values are compared with conventional concrete.
{"title":"Replacement of Sand with Stone Crushed Powder in Conventional Concrete","authors":"B. Basavaraj, Ravichandra Honnalli, S. SagarN, M. PraveenAshok, C. ShwethaK","doi":"10.9790/0853-1607020106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1607020106","url":null,"abstract":"Since ancient period, river sand has been used in the construction industry as a dominant material from the level of foundation to the end of a project .Today demand for sand continues to increase to meet the needs of growth in population. Excessive instream sand mining causes the degradation of rivers and creating ecological imbalance. Instream mining lowers the stream bottom, which may lead to bank erosion and may lead for river meandering. It is the need of the hour to investigate for a suitable alternative material for sand like stone crusher powder and granite fines etc. which are available abundantly from crusher units and granite industries. Use of stone crusher powder proves to be economical and eco-friendly which generally considered as unused. The investigations indicate that stone crusher powder has the similar characteristics and performances as that of river sand. In this paper an attempt has been made to investigate the replacement of sand with Stone crusher powder. Strength behavior of concrete with the use of stone crusher powder as a replacement of fine aggregates in different proportions is discussed. Test results are also discussed pertaining to strength and values are compared with conventional concrete.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86221506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Sobreiro, J. Ramacciato, J. Junqueira, Milena Bortolotto Felipe, O. Molina
Introduction: The anatomic location of the mental foramen is still a matter of debate. There are variations in the position of mental foramen in different populations. These variations indicate accurate detection of mental foramen position which result in safer dental procedures. Aim: To carry out a morphometric assessment of the mental foramen in patients with different facial types. Material and Methods:Ninety computerized cone beam tomographic scans from brachycephalic (n=30), dolicocephalic (n=30) and mesocephalic (n=30) facial types were used. Computerized cone beam tomographic scans were obtained using a Tomographic I Cat Unit and the Dolphin Imaging 11.0 Program. The mental foramen position was evaluated and compared in the three subgroups. The Bartlett and Shapiro-Wilk ́s tests were used to evaluate the homogeneity of the variances. Influence of the three facial types on cephalometric measurements was evaluated using two way ANOVA and Tukey ́s test. Correlationsbetweenage and some measurements of interest were assessed using Pearson ́s moment correlation test Results:Mental foramen height was slightly smaller in females. Facial types influenced the following measurements: distance from the apex of the second lower bicuspid to the upper border of the mental foramen and distance from the lower border of the mental foramen to thelower border of the mandible. Statistical differences were observed betweenmesocephalic and brachycephalic subjects (p<0.05) and between mesocephalic and dolicocephalic ones (p<0.05). Mental foramen height was smaller in mesocephalic subjects (p<0.05). Mental foramenwidthwas smaller only in the left side in mesocephalic subjects. Distance between the buccal cortical and lingual cortical of the mental foramen was smaller in mesocephalic than in brachycephalic and dolicephalic subjects (p<0.05). A higher number of mental foramina were positioned between bicuspids and along the long axis of the second bicuspids: 74% and 20% respectively. An oval mental foramen was found more frequently: (80.6%) in mesocephalics; (77.4%) in brachycephalics and (86%) in dolicocephalics subjects. A circular shape was observed in 19%; 22%; and 13% in mesocephalic, brachycephalic and dolicocephalic individuals, respectively. Conclusion: Some measurements of the mental foramen may be different among facial type subjects. Distribution and shape of the mental foramen are similar in the three facial types.
前言:颏孔的解剖位置仍然是一个有争议的问题。不同人群的脑孔位置存在差异。这些变化表明准确的检测精神孔的位置，导致更安全的牙科手术。目的:对不同面部类型患者的颏孔进行形态计量学评价。材料和方法:使用90个计算机锥形束断层扫描，分别来自短头型(n=30)、多头型(n=30)和中头型(n=30)面部类型。计算机锥形束断层扫描使用断层扫描I Cat单元和海豚成像11.0程序。评估并比较三个亚组的颏孔位置。采用Bartlett和Shapiro-Wilk检验来评价方差的同质性。采用双因素方差分析(two - way ANOVA)和Tukey’s检验评估三种面部类型对头颅测量的影响。使用Pearson′s矩相关检验评估年龄与某些感兴趣的测量值之间的相关性。结果:女性的心理孔高度略小。面部类型影响以下测量:从第二下二尖尖到颏孔上边界的距离和颏孔下边界到下颌骨下边界的距离。中脑组与短头组、中脑组与单头组间差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。中脑组脑孔高度较低(p<0.05)。中脑受试者的精神孔宽度仅在左侧较小。中脑患者颏孔颊皮质与舌皮质之间的距离小于短头和头头患者(p<0.05)。较多的精神孔位于二尖瓣之间和沿第二二尖瓣的长轴，分别占74%和20%。卵圆形精神孔多见于中脑室(80.6%);(77.4%)，多头症患者(86%)。圆形的占19%;22%;中头、短头和多头分别为13%。结论:颅孔的某些测量值在面部型被试中可能存在差异。三种面部类型的颏孔分布和形状相似。
{"title":"Morphometric Evaluation of the Mental Foramen Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Different Facial Types.","authors":"M. A. Sobreiro, J. Ramacciato, J. Junqueira, Milena Bortolotto Felipe, O. Molina","doi":"10.9790/0853-1606037885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1606037885","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The anatomic location of the mental foramen is still a matter of debate. There are variations in the position of mental foramen in different populations. These variations indicate accurate detection of mental foramen position which result in safer dental procedures. Aim: To carry out a morphometric assessment of the mental foramen in patients with different facial types. Material and Methods:Ninety computerized cone beam tomographic scans from brachycephalic (n=30), dolicocephalic (n=30) and mesocephalic (n=30) facial types were used. Computerized cone beam tomographic scans were obtained using a Tomographic I Cat Unit and the Dolphin Imaging 11.0 Program. The mental foramen position was evaluated and compared in the three subgroups. The Bartlett and Shapiro-Wilk ́s tests were used to evaluate the homogeneity of the variances. Influence of the three facial types on cephalometric measurements was evaluated using two way ANOVA and Tukey ́s test. Correlationsbetweenage and some measurements of interest were assessed using Pearson ́s moment correlation test Results:Mental foramen height was slightly smaller in females. Facial types influenced the following measurements: distance from the apex of the second lower bicuspid to the upper border of the mental foramen and distance from the lower border of the mental foramen to thelower border of the mandible. Statistical differences were observed betweenmesocephalic and brachycephalic subjects (p<0.05) and between mesocephalic and dolicocephalic ones (p<0.05). Mental foramen height was smaller in mesocephalic subjects (p<0.05). Mental foramenwidthwas smaller only in the left side in mesocephalic subjects. Distance between the buccal cortical and lingual cortical of the mental foramen was smaller in mesocephalic than in brachycephalic and dolicephalic subjects (p<0.05). A higher number of mental foramina were positioned between bicuspids and along the long axis of the second bicuspids: 74% and 20% respectively. An oval mental foramen was found more frequently: (80.6%) in mesocephalics; (77.4%) in brachycephalics and (86%) in dolicocephalics subjects. A circular shape was observed in 19%; 22%; and 13% in mesocephalic, brachycephalic and dolicocephalic individuals, respectively. Conclusion: Some measurements of the mental foramen may be different among facial type subjects. Distribution and shape of the mental foramen are similar in the three facial types.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74233400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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