Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.9790/0853-160603133138
Anshuka A. Agrawal, Saloni Agrawal, Devender Kumar Sharma, M. Bansal, Vipul Choudhary, K. Moolchandani
Purpose: This is an in vitro study to compare fracture resistance of different reattachment techniques and adhesive materials on incisal tooth fragment reattachment. Methodology: 100 sound human maxillary central incisors were selected .10 were maintained as a control group. Remaining 90 were divided randomly into 3 groups (n=30) based upon the materials used for reattachment and further divided into 3 subgroups (n=10) on the basis of different reattachment techniques. The materials used are dual cure resin cement, flowable composite, nano hybrid composite and three different reattachment techniques used were simple reattachment , overcontour and internal dentinal groove. Data was analyzed with ANOVA (One-Way) test and Post-Hoc Bonferroni test. Results: The control group had a significantly higher fracture resistance (p= 0.001); the highest fracture resistance values were obtained by Dual cure resin cement followed by Nano hybrid composite and minimum in Flowable composite .When compared between three different reattachment techniques internal dentinal groove showed the maximum fracture resistance followed by over contour technique and minimum showed the simple reattachment technique. Conclusion: Although, none of the tested materials provided fracture resistance similar to that found with the intact maxillary central incisors, utilizing the dual cure resin cement improved the fracture resistance of the reattached fragment than other materials.
{"title":"Comparison of Fracture Resistance of Different Reattachment Techniues and Adhesive Materials on Incisal Tooth Fragment Reattachment","authors":"Anshuka A. Agrawal, Saloni Agrawal, Devender Kumar Sharma, M. Bansal, Vipul Choudhary, K. Moolchandani","doi":"10.9790/0853-160603133138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-160603133138","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This is an in vitro study to compare fracture resistance of different reattachment techniques and adhesive materials on incisal tooth fragment reattachment. Methodology: 100 sound human maxillary central incisors were selected .10 were maintained as a control group. Remaining 90 were divided randomly into 3 groups (n=30) based upon the materials used for reattachment and further divided into 3 subgroups (n=10) on the basis of different reattachment techniques. The materials used are dual cure resin cement, flowable composite, nano hybrid composite and three different reattachment techniques used were simple reattachment , overcontour and internal dentinal groove. Data was analyzed with ANOVA (One-Way) test and Post-Hoc Bonferroni test. Results: The control group had a significantly higher fracture resistance (p= 0.001); the highest fracture resistance values were obtained by Dual cure resin cement followed by Nano hybrid composite and minimum in Flowable composite .When compared between three different reattachment techniques internal dentinal groove showed the maximum fracture resistance followed by over contour technique and minimum showed the simple reattachment technique. Conclusion: Although, none of the tested materials provided fracture resistance similar to that found with the intact maxillary central incisors, utilizing the dual cure resin cement improved the fracture resistance of the reattached fragment than other materials.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"133-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76371681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roel Langshong, B. Punithavasanthan, Pheiroijam Bhupes, S. Singh, Rajkumar Debbarma, P. S. Prashanth, P. rai, Shams Gulrez, Dilip Soring, Temjen sunep
Introduction: Different implants are available to internally fix subtrochantric fracture of femur, due to anatomical & biomechanical reasons, the sub-trochanteric femoral fracture still a challenge for Orthopaedic Surgeons Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome in early treatment of subtrochanteric fractures of femur with distal femoral locking compression plate of contralateral side. Methods: Thirty patients were included in this study. Sixteen patients (53.3%) had AO type 32B fracture, while nine patients (30%) and five patients (16.6%) were classified as AO type 32A and 32C respectively. Road traffic accidents accounted for 21 patients (70%). Mean follow-ups were 11 ±6 months (range 6 to 19 months). 27 fractures (90%) achieved union, average union time in 14.5 weeks Ranging from 10 weeks to 20 weeks. while three patients (10%) had complications. In one patient the plate had broken, one had broken screw and nonunion of the fracture. At the end of the follow-ups, 29 patients (96.6%) were community ambulators.The Modified Harris hip score (MMHS) was used to evaluate the functional outcome of surgery Conclusion: We conclude that distal femoral locking compression plate of contra lateral side is as effective as PF-LCP and is an effective alternative treatment for subtrochanteric fractures when properly performed.
{"title":"Fixation of Subtrochantric Fractures Using Distal Femoral Locking Compression Plate of Contralateral Side","authors":"Roel Langshong, B. Punithavasanthan, Pheiroijam Bhupes, S. Singh, Rajkumar Debbarma, P. S. Prashanth, P. rai, Shams Gulrez, Dilip Soring, Temjen sunep","doi":"10.9790/0853-1607013945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1607013945","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Different implants are available to internally fix subtrochantric fracture of femur, due to anatomical & biomechanical reasons, the sub-trochanteric femoral fracture still a challenge for Orthopaedic Surgeons Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome in early treatment of subtrochanteric fractures of femur with distal femoral locking compression plate of contralateral side. Methods: Thirty patients were included in this study. Sixteen patients (53.3%) had AO type 32B fracture, while nine patients (30%) and five patients (16.6%) were classified as AO type 32A and 32C respectively. Road traffic accidents accounted for 21 patients (70%). Mean follow-ups were 11 ±6 months (range 6 to 19 months). 27 fractures (90%) achieved union, average union time in 14.5 weeks Ranging from 10 weeks to 20 weeks. while three patients (10%) had complications. In one patient the plate had broken, one had broken screw and nonunion of the fracture. At the end of the follow-ups, 29 patients (96.6%) were community ambulators.The Modified Harris hip score (MMHS) was used to evaluate the functional outcome of surgery Conclusion: We conclude that distal femoral locking compression plate of contra lateral side is as effective as PF-LCP and is an effective alternative treatment for subtrochanteric fractures when properly performed.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89838271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
‘Salivary proteins have an important influence in tooth enamel remineralize associated with calcium hydroxyapatite. Statherin is the most powerful protein that binds calcium hydroxyapatite in saliva than other calcium-binding protein. Infection in gingiva and periodontal caused alteration of statherin and calcium levels. Therefore, researchers wanted to determine and to compare salivary statherin and calcium levels in gingivitis and periodontitic mainly on the Indonesian as an initial data to explore the influence of statherin and calcium in patients with gingivitis and periodontitic. By spitting method, 54 samples of whole saliva taken from gingivitis and periodontitic patients ; aged 20-50 years, doesn’t have antibiotic treatment in 3 months, no smoking, no areca chewing, not pregnant, lactating or menstruating. Statherin level measurement using ELISA method and calcium level by spectrophotometry method. Results showed mean concentration of statherin for gingivitis is 1,79 ug / ml, while periodontitics is 2,73 ug / ml. Mean concentration for calcium in gingivitis saliva is 5,31 mmol/l, and periodontitic is 0,18 mmol/l. The Spearman’s correlation test showed 2 different results from 2 groups of samples. Gingivitis group showed there is no correlation between calsium and statherin in saliva (p>0,01), but periodontitic group showed there is significant correlation between calcium and statherin in saliva (p<0,05). The result showed that, although both are the result of salivary excretion (statherin and calcium), it turns out to different infection, showed different result. These results suggest there is a different mechanism in both infection.
唾液蛋白对牙釉质羟基磷灰石钙再矿化有重要影响。石蜡蛋白是结合唾液中羟基磷灰石钙的最强蛋白。牙龈及牙周感染可引起凝血素及钙水平的改变。因此，研究人员希望确定并比较牙龈炎和牙周病患者唾液中施他汀素和钙的水平，主要以印度尼西亚人为研究对象，作为初步数据，探讨施他汀素和钙对牙龈炎和牙周病患者的影响。采用吐痰法采集牙龈炎、牙周病患者全唾液54份;年龄20-50岁，3个月内没有抗生素治疗，不吸烟，不嚼槟榔，没有怀孕、哺乳期、月经。酶联免疫吸附法测定施他汀素水平，分光光度法测定钙水平。结果牙龈炎和牙周病患者唾液中施他汀素平均浓度分别为1.79 ug / ml和2.73 ug / ml，牙龈炎和牙周病患者唾液中钙的平均浓度分别为5.31 mmol/l和0.18 mmol/l。Spearman相关检验从两组样本中得出了两种不同的结果。牙龈炎组患者唾液中钙含量与statherin含量无相关性(p> 0.01)，牙周病组患者唾液中钙含量与statherin含量有显著相关性(p< 0.05)。结果表明，虽然两者都是唾液排泄的结果(凝血素和钙)，但结果表明，不同的感染，表现出不同的结果。这些结果表明，在这两种感染中存在不同的机制。
{"title":"Alteration of Salivary Calcium and Statherin Levels in Patients with Gingivitis and Periodontitis","authors":"A. Primasari, Yumi Lindawati, Irma Ervina","doi":"10.9790/0853-1607011719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1607011719","url":null,"abstract":"‘Salivary proteins have an important influence in tooth enamel remineralize associated with calcium hydroxyapatite. Statherin is the most powerful protein that binds calcium hydroxyapatite in saliva than other calcium-binding protein. Infection in gingiva and periodontal caused alteration of statherin and calcium levels. Therefore, researchers wanted to determine and to compare salivary statherin and calcium levels in gingivitis and periodontitic mainly on the Indonesian as an initial data to explore the influence of statherin and calcium in patients with gingivitis and periodontitic. By spitting method, 54 samples of whole saliva taken from gingivitis and periodontitic patients ; aged 20-50 years, doesn’t have antibiotic treatment in 3 months, no smoking, no areca chewing, not pregnant, lactating or menstruating. Statherin level measurement using ELISA method and calcium level by spectrophotometry method. Results showed mean concentration of statherin for gingivitis is 1,79 ug / ml, while periodontitics is 2,73 ug / ml. Mean concentration for calcium in gingivitis saliva is 5,31 mmol/l, and periodontitic is 0,18 mmol/l. The Spearman’s correlation test showed 2 different results from 2 groups of samples. Gingivitis group showed there is no correlation between calsium and statherin in saliva (p>0,01), but periodontitic group showed there is significant correlation between calcium and statherin in saliva (p<0,05). The result showed that, although both are the result of salivary excretion (statherin and calcium), it turns out to different infection, showed different result. These results suggest there is a different mechanism in both infection.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":"37 23","pages":"17-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91506143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.9790/0853-160702103106
Dr.Ravindra B. Narod, Dr.Rathod Rahul Narayanrao, Dr.Sayali V. Bhambar, Dr.Sapna Anjutagi, Dr.Smit U. Janrao, Dr.Pranav Deore
Introduction: Cognition is defined as the capacity of the brain to process information accurately leading to an adaptive behaviour. This study aims at understanding the decline in cognition in patients diagnosed with epilepsy in India using a standardized cognition scale. Methodology: We did a case control study in the Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Miraj in which all patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy from October 2016 till February 2017 were included. Patients were tested for cognitive impairment using the PGI Memory scale (PGIMS). Controls were included from the population sample of non teaching staff of college. We noted age, gender, handedness, and education levels and clinical information. All cases and controls were tested for cognitive functioning using PGIMS. The data was analysed descriptively and then the cases and controls were compared using the unpaired Student’s t test, with p value less than 0.05 being statistically significant. Results:We enrolled 60 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and same number of healthy controls from the same insitution. Average age of the patients with epilepsy was 43.7±2.4 years and that of controls was 48.1±3.6 years. The difference between the cases and controls was found to be statistically highly significant in cognition tests like recent memory, remote memory, immediate recall and visual retention. On cognitive tests like attention and concentration, retention of dissimilar pairs, mental balance the difference between the groups was found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Findings of our study demonstrates that patients with epilepsy shuould be routinely tested for cognitive decline.
{"title":"Cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy: A case control study at a tertiary level hospital in India","authors":"Dr.Ravindra B. Narod, Dr.Rathod Rahul Narayanrao, Dr.Sayali V. Bhambar, Dr.Sapna Anjutagi, Dr.Smit U. Janrao, Dr.Pranav Deore","doi":"10.9790/0853-160702103106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-160702103106","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cognition is defined as the capacity of the brain to process information accurately leading to an adaptive behaviour. This study aims at understanding the decline in cognition in patients diagnosed with epilepsy in India using a standardized cognition scale. Methodology: We did a case control study in the Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Miraj in which all patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy from October 2016 till February 2017 were included. Patients were tested for cognitive impairment using the PGI Memory scale (PGIMS). Controls were included from the population sample of non teaching staff of college. We noted age, gender, handedness, and education levels and clinical information. All cases and controls were tested for cognitive functioning using PGIMS. The data was analysed descriptively and then the cases and controls were compared using the unpaired Student’s t test, with p value less than 0.05 being statistically significant. Results:We enrolled 60 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and same number of healthy controls from the same insitution. Average age of the patients with epilepsy was 43.7±2.4 years and that of controls was 48.1±3.6 years. The difference between the cases and controls was found to be statistically highly significant in cognition tests like recent memory, remote memory, immediate recall and visual retention. On cognitive tests like attention and concentration, retention of dissimilar pairs, mental balance the difference between the groups was found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Findings of our study demonstrates that patients with epilepsy shuould be routinely tested for cognitive decline.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"103-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85158917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.9790/0853-160603155159
T. M. Hamisu, A. Yuguda, M. Abubakar, Y. Shettima, M. Maina, M. Y. Zanna, S. S. Baba, A. Andrew, i.C. Terhemen
Dengue fever is a zoonotic arthropod-borne viral disease caused by Dengue fever virus (DENV) of the Genus Flavivirus and the FamilyFlaviviridaethat is endemic in Africa and beyond. The illness could be fatal especially among children and depleted patients.This study was designed to diagnose recentDengue virus infectionsamong febrile patients attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital using ELISA kits for the detection of DENV IgM antibodies and NS1 antigens. Ninety one (91) venous blood samples were randomly collected from patients attending Maiduguri Teaching Hospital for malaria test between January and May, 2016. The samples were analysed using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays for dengue virus IgM antibodies (manufactured by Inverness Innovations Australia Pty Ltd ) and for Dengue virus NS1antigens (manufactured by Bio-Rad, France). The results showed a prevalence rate of 37.4% for DENV IgM antibodies and 9.9% for DENV NS1 antigens, with 3.3% of the subjects testingpositive for both IgM and NS1 antigen. Females were observed to have higher IgM prevalence rate of 41% and males showed higher NS1 antigen prevalence rate of 11.1%. The highest prevalence rate of 76.9% was recorded for IgM in the age bracket of 1-14 years. Samples from urban areas have the highest IgM antibodyprevalence rate of 41.4%, however, rural dwellers have the highest NS1 antigen prevalence rate of 11.3%. The presenting complaint with the highest IgM prevalence rate of 50% was headache + fever + nausea, while headache only had the highest NS1 antigen of 22.2%. The highest prevalence rate of 47.4% for IgM and 50% for NS1 antigen were recorded in March and May, 2016 respectively. This study therefore showed a high prevalence of IgM to Dengue fever virus indicating its circulation among febrile patients attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. Due to the probable misdiagnosis and subsequent treatment of dengue fever with other diseases such as malaria, dengue fever is shown to be prevalent in the study area. It is therefore recommended that febrile patients attending Maiduguri Teaching Hospital should be tested for dengue fever virus.
登革热是由黄病毒属和黄病毒科登革热病毒(DENV)引起的一种人畜共患节肢动物传播的病毒性疾病，在非洲及其他地区流行。这种疾病可能是致命的，特别是在儿童和虚弱的病人中。本研究旨在利用ELISA试剂盒检测DENV IgM抗体和NS1抗原，诊断迈杜古里大学教学医院发热患者近期登革热病毒感染。2016年1月至5月在迈杜古里教学医院随机抽取91份静脉血进行疟疾检测。使用酶联免疫吸附法对样本进行分析，检测登革病毒IgM抗体(由Inverness Innovations Australia Pty Ltd生产)和登革病毒ns1抗原(由Bio-Rad，法国生产)。结果显示，登革热病毒IgM抗体阳性率为37.4%，NS1抗原阳性率为9.9%，其中IgM和NS1抗原均阳性的比例为3.3%。女性IgM患病率为41%，男性NS1抗原患病率为11.1%。1 ~ 14岁IgM患病率最高，为76.9%。城市地区IgM抗体患病率最高，为41.4%，而农村地区NS1抗原患病率最高，为11.3%。IgM患病率最高的主诉为头痛+发热+恶心(50%)，而头痛的NS1抗原最高(22.2%)。2016年3月和5月IgM和NS1抗原感染率最高，分别为47.4%和50%。因此，这项研究表明登革热病毒IgM的高流行率表明其在迈杜古里大学教学医院的发热患者中传播。由于登革热与疟疾等其他疾病的误诊和后续治疗可能存在，因此登革热在研究地区普遍存在。因此，建议在迈杜古里教学医院就诊的发热病人应接受登革热病毒检测。
{"title":"Prevalence of Dengue Virus Infection Among Febrile Outpatients Attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital in Borno State, Nigeria","authors":"T. M. Hamisu, A. Yuguda, M. Abubakar, Y. Shettima, M. Maina, M. Y. Zanna, S. S. Baba, A. Andrew, i.C. Terhemen","doi":"10.9790/0853-160603155159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-160603155159","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue fever is a zoonotic arthropod-borne viral disease caused by Dengue fever virus (DENV) of the Genus Flavivirus and the FamilyFlaviviridaethat is endemic in Africa and beyond. The illness could be fatal especially among children and depleted patients.This study was designed to diagnose recentDengue virus infectionsamong febrile patients attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital using ELISA kits for the detection of DENV IgM antibodies and NS1 antigens. Ninety one (91) venous blood samples were randomly collected from patients attending Maiduguri Teaching Hospital for malaria test between January and May, 2016. The samples were analysed using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays for dengue virus IgM antibodies (manufactured by Inverness Innovations Australia Pty Ltd ) and for Dengue virus NS1antigens (manufactured by Bio-Rad, France). The results showed a prevalence rate of 37.4% for DENV IgM antibodies and 9.9% for DENV NS1 antigens, with 3.3% of the subjects testingpositive for both IgM and NS1 antigen. Females were observed to have higher IgM prevalence rate of 41% and males showed higher NS1 antigen prevalence rate of 11.1%. The highest prevalence rate of 76.9% was recorded for IgM in the age bracket of 1-14 years. Samples from urban areas have the highest IgM antibodyprevalence rate of 41.4%, however, rural dwellers have the highest NS1 antigen prevalence rate of 11.3%. The presenting complaint with the highest IgM prevalence rate of 50% was headache + fever + nausea, while headache only had the highest NS1 antigen of 22.2%. The highest prevalence rate of 47.4% for IgM and 50% for NS1 antigen were recorded in March and May, 2016 respectively. This study therefore showed a high prevalence of IgM to Dengue fever virus indicating its circulation among febrile patients attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. Due to the probable misdiagnosis and subsequent treatment of dengue fever with other diseases such as malaria, dengue fever is shown to be prevalent in the study area. It is therefore recommended that febrile patients attending Maiduguri Teaching Hospital should be tested for dengue fever virus.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"155-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87755443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.9790/0853-160603118120
Mridusmita Mukherjee, A. Bhattacharyya
The root canal is a complex system of finely tuned and synchronized small tributaries present along the body of tooth dentine. Therefore, knowledge of pulp anatomy is essential for endodontic treatment success, as lack of sound knowledge of the pulp anatomy can contribute to treatment failure. With the advancement of technological aids and numerous research have laid the foundation of multi rooted teeth or canals as the rule rather than exception. As such, bifurcating canals, multiple foramina, fins, deltas, loops, cul-de-sacs, C-shaped canals and accessory canals are commonly encountered in most teeth. So, accurate diagnosis followed by location, cleaning and shaping and finally obturation of such variations of canals is important as it determines the prospect of success of endodontic therapy.
{"title":"Case Report: Mandibular Second Premolar, A Morphological Ingruity","authors":"Mridusmita Mukherjee, A. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.9790/0853-160603118120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-160603118120","url":null,"abstract":"The root canal is a complex system of finely tuned and synchronized small tributaries present along the body of tooth dentine. Therefore, knowledge of pulp anatomy is essential for endodontic treatment success, as lack of sound knowledge of the pulp anatomy can contribute to treatment failure. With the advancement of technological aids and numerous research have laid the foundation of multi rooted teeth or canals as the rule rather than exception. As such, bifurcating canals, multiple foramina, fins, deltas, loops, cul-de-sacs, C-shaped canals and accessory canals are commonly encountered in most teeth. So, accurate diagnosis followed by location, cleaning and shaping and finally obturation of such variations of canals is important as it determines the prospect of success of endodontic therapy.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"118-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83931612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) is a relatively safe invasive procedure by which representative sample of bone marrow is obtained through a needle aspiration for diagnostic evaluations. A total of 331 cases of anemia were profiled during the study period. The age range of patients were from 10 to 81 years. The majority of the subjects was in the adolescent age group of 10 – 19 years(20.54%). A complete blood count and peripheral smear examination in these cases revealed 125(37.76%) microcytic hypochromic anemia followed by 116(35.05%) Dimorphic anemia,23(6.95%)Pancytopenia, 23(6.95%)leukemia,31 cases (9.37%) macrocytic anemia,2 haemolytic anemia and 11(3.32%) were normocytic. These cases were further evaluated with bone marrow examination bone-marrow aspiration revealed 88 (26.59%) erythroid hyperplasia with micronormoblastic and macronormoblastic maturation(Combined deficiency),56 ( 16.92%) micronormoblastic maturation, 38 (11.48%) megaloblastic maturation, 23 ( 6.95%) Leukemia, Plasma cell myeloma 7(2.11%), lymphoma 6 (1.81%), hypoplastic marrow 5 (1.51%), haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis 4 (1.21%),3 (0.91%) myelodysplastic syndrome, 2 (0.60%)cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.In 22 (6.65%) cases the marrow was reactive. The age, sex, peripheral smear study, bone marrow aspiration study and diagnosis were collated and statistically analyzed. A definite diagnosis of plasma cell myeloma,lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndrome was possible only with bone marrow evaluation. In our study,in 77 % of cases a definite diagnosis of cause of anemia was arrived after bone marrow evaluation. 50% of cases were diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia indicating an underlying B12 and folate deficiency.
{"title":"Bone Marrow Aspiration Evaluation in Clinical Management of Anemia Among Low Socioeconomic Group In A Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"J. JohnsyMerla, J. SureshDurai, K. Shantaraman","doi":"10.9790/0853-1607028997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1607028997","url":null,"abstract":"Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) is a relatively safe invasive procedure by which representative sample of bone marrow is obtained through a needle aspiration for diagnostic evaluations. A total of 331 cases of anemia were profiled during the study period. The age range of patients were from 10 to 81 years. The majority of the subjects was in the adolescent age group of 10 – 19 years(20.54%). A complete blood count and peripheral smear examination in these cases revealed 125(37.76%) microcytic hypochromic anemia followed by 116(35.05%) Dimorphic anemia,23(6.95%)Pancytopenia, 23(6.95%)leukemia,31 cases (9.37%) macrocytic anemia,2 haemolytic anemia and 11(3.32%) were normocytic. These cases were further evaluated with bone marrow examination bone-marrow aspiration revealed 88 (26.59%) erythroid hyperplasia with micronormoblastic and macronormoblastic maturation(Combined deficiency),56 ( 16.92%) micronormoblastic maturation, 38 (11.48%) megaloblastic maturation, 23 ( 6.95%) Leukemia, Plasma cell myeloma 7(2.11%), lymphoma 6 (1.81%), hypoplastic marrow 5 (1.51%), haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis 4 (1.21%),3 (0.91%) myelodysplastic syndrome, 2 (0.60%)cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.In 22 (6.65%) cases the marrow was reactive. The age, sex, peripheral smear study, bone marrow aspiration study and diagnosis were collated and statistically analyzed. A definite diagnosis of plasma cell myeloma,lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndrome was possible only with bone marrow evaluation. In our study,in 77 % of cases a definite diagnosis of cause of anemia was arrived after bone marrow evaluation. 50% of cases were diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia indicating an underlying B12 and folate deficiency.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83333524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.9790/0853-160603121125
Partiksha Partiksha, R. Bhatia, C. Vij, G. Bedi
Background: Preeclampsia syndrome is clinical spectrum of worsening disease with attenuated manifestations to cataclysmic deterioration, Life threatening for both mother and fetus. It affects 5-10% of all pregnancies & forms deadly triad with haemorrhage and infection being a direct cause of maternal mortality. Preeclampsia is associated with hyper insulinemia, increased insulin resistance which induces hypertriglyceridemia, endothelial dysfunction. It may lead to preeclampsia in genetically predisposed pregnant women. Association of high serum lipids with gestational protinuric hyerptension is highly suggestive of role for lipid profile analysis as diagnostic tool for preeclampisa. Aims & Objective: To evaluate and correlate fasting plasma insulin levels, insulin resistance and lipid profile in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy in ≥ 20 wks gestation. Material & methods: This is prospective observational study undertaken for one year on 40 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 25 normal pregnant women in tertiary care hospital in North India. Fasting plasma insulin levels, insulin resistance and lipid profile were evaluated in all 65 pregnant women in study and control group. Results: Mean age 26.±4.48 years, 25.0±2.79 years, mean period of gestation 32.38±2.53 wks, 29.48 ± 2.50 weeks in study & control group respectively were comparable. 52% patients in both the groups were primigravida. Mean fasting plasma insulin levels in study group i.e. 53.3 μIU/ml was significantly higher than, 16.35 μIU/ml in control group. Insulin resistance (HOMA IR index) in preeclampsia was 10.33, significantly high compared to 3.04 in normotensive pregnant women. Lipid profileserum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL were significantly raised in preeclampsia compared to control group. Conclusion: Highly significant increase in fasting plasma insulin levels, insulin resistance and lipid profile compared to normotensive pregnant females is a diagnostic tool for early diagnosis and management of preeclampsia step towards reducing maternal mortality and adverse fetal outcome.
{"title":"Evaluation And Correlation of Insulin Resistance And Lipid Profile In Normal Pregnancy And Preeclampsia","authors":"Partiksha Partiksha, R. Bhatia, C. Vij, G. Bedi","doi":"10.9790/0853-160603121125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-160603121125","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preeclampsia syndrome is clinical spectrum of worsening disease with attenuated manifestations to cataclysmic deterioration, Life threatening for both mother and fetus. It affects 5-10% of all pregnancies & forms deadly triad with haemorrhage and infection being a direct cause of maternal mortality. Preeclampsia is associated with hyper insulinemia, increased insulin resistance which induces hypertriglyceridemia, endothelial dysfunction. It may lead to preeclampsia in genetically predisposed pregnant women. Association of high serum lipids with gestational protinuric hyerptension is highly suggestive of role for lipid profile analysis as diagnostic tool for preeclampisa. Aims & Objective: To evaluate and correlate fasting plasma insulin levels, insulin resistance and lipid profile in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy in ≥ 20 wks gestation. Material & methods: This is prospective observational study undertaken for one year on 40 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 25 normal pregnant women in tertiary care hospital in North India. Fasting plasma insulin levels, insulin resistance and lipid profile were evaluated in all 65 pregnant women in study and control group. Results: Mean age 26.±4.48 years, 25.0±2.79 years, mean period of gestation 32.38±2.53 wks, 29.48 ± 2.50 weeks in study & control group respectively were comparable. 52% patients in both the groups were primigravida. Mean fasting plasma insulin levels in study group i.e. 53.3 μIU/ml was significantly higher than, 16.35 μIU/ml in control group. Insulin resistance (HOMA IR index) in preeclampsia was 10.33, significantly high compared to 3.04 in normotensive pregnant women. Lipid profileserum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL were significantly raised in preeclampsia compared to control group. Conclusion: Highly significant increase in fasting plasma insulin levels, insulin resistance and lipid profile compared to normotensive pregnant females is a diagnostic tool for early diagnosis and management of preeclampsia step towards reducing maternal mortality and adverse fetal outcome.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"121-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83189063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.9790/0853-160603108112
C. Dharmaraj, Tina Ann Antony, G. Prasannan
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In Chronic Kidney Disease there is a higher incidence cardiovascular events. Most of the patients with CKD succumb to cardiovascular disease even before they reach the end stage of renal disease. Hence all efforts should be given in earlier stages of CKD to prevent the development of cardiovascular complications. LV diastolic dysfunction is found to antedate LVH and systolic dysfunction. It is not just associated with hemodynamic factors like anaemia and hypertension, but also with uraemia related non hemodynamic factors like secondary hyperparathyroidism, altered mineral metabolism, cardiotrophysin etc. ECHO provides a simple non-invasive method to assess the left ventricular structure and function, which helps us in identifying those prone for cardiovascular complications at an earlier stage of CKD. This study was done to find out the prevalence of LV dysfunction and its correlation with eGFR in CKD patients. METHODS: 50 hypertensive CKD patients and 50 normotensive CKD patients admitted to Government Rajaji Hospital between May 2013 to August 2014 were evaluated for the presence of LV dysfunction and LVH and the results were compared with that of 50 age and sex matched individuals. Patients with acute kidney injury, prior coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, diabetic individuals and CKD patients on renal replacement therapy or transplant patients were excluded from the study. The CKD patients were divided into various stages of CKD based on their eGFR (calculated according to MDRD formula) and they were evaluated by ECHO. Those with an ejection fraction 2 was grade III diastolic dysfunction. This was compared with the ECHO findings of the controls. The collected data was analysed using various statistical methods. RESULTS: 74% of CKD patients had LV diastolic dysfunction (p <0.0001). Diastolic dysfunction was found to occur in 84% of the hypertensive CKD and in 64% of the normotensive CKD (p=0.02). Comparing the CKD normotensives with the control group, 64% among the normotensive CKD had diastolic dysfunction whereas only16% of controls had diastolic dysfunction (p<0.05). There is a negative correlation between the eGFR and diastolic dysfunction. So as the eGFR falls, the diastolic dysfunction increases. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: Even in the absence of hypertension, LV diastolic dysfunction can occur in CKD. This emphasizes the need for correction of not just hemodynamic factors but also the uraemia related factors.
{"title":"A Study on Prevalence of Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Its Correlation with Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) in CKD patients","authors":"C. Dharmaraj, Tina Ann Antony, G. Prasannan","doi":"10.9790/0853-160603108112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-160603108112","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: \u0000In Chronic Kidney Disease there is a higher incidence cardiovascular events. Most of the patients with CKD succumb to cardiovascular disease even before they reach the end stage of renal disease. Hence all efforts should be given in earlier stages of CKD to prevent the development of cardiovascular complications. \u0000LV diastolic dysfunction is found to antedate LVH and systolic dysfunction. It is not just associated with hemodynamic factors like anaemia and hypertension, but also with uraemia related non hemodynamic factors like secondary hyperparathyroidism, altered mineral metabolism, cardiotrophysin etc. \u0000ECHO provides a simple non-invasive method to assess the left ventricular structure and function, which helps us in identifying those prone for cardiovascular complications at an earlier stage of CKD. \u0000This study was done to find out the prevalence of LV dysfunction and its correlation with eGFR in CKD patients. \u0000METHODS: \u000050 hypertensive CKD patients and 50 normotensive CKD patients admitted to Government Rajaji Hospital between May 2013 to August 2014 were evaluated for the presence of LV dysfunction and LVH and the results were compared with that of 50 age and sex matched individuals. \u0000Patients with acute kidney injury, prior coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, diabetic individuals and CKD patients on renal replacement therapy or transplant patients were excluded from the study. The CKD patients were divided into various stages of CKD based on their eGFR (calculated according to MDRD formula) and they were evaluated by ECHO. Those with an ejection fraction 2 was grade III diastolic dysfunction. This was compared with the ECHO findings of the controls. The collected data was analysed using various statistical methods. \u0000RESULTS: \u000074% of CKD patients had LV diastolic dysfunction (p <0.0001). Diastolic dysfunction was found to occur in 84% of the hypertensive CKD and in 64% of the normotensive CKD (p=0.02). \u0000Comparing the CKD normotensives with the control group, 64% among the normotensive CKD had diastolic dysfunction whereas only16% of controls had diastolic dysfunction (p<0.05). \u0000There is a negative correlation between the eGFR and diastolic dysfunction. So as the eGFR falls, the diastolic dysfunction increases. \u0000INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: \u0000Even in the absence of hypertension, LV diastolic dysfunction can occur in CKD. This emphasizes the need for correction of not just hemodynamic factors but also the uraemia related factors.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"108-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90726522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.9790/0853-160702114119
H. Wageh, A. Mm, Salah A. Hegazy, Mostafa Az
Aim: study the effect of double-arm clasps as retainer units for bilateral mandibular distal extension removable partial denture regard: Study of stress analysis applied on the abutments (in-vitro) and abutment alveolar bone height changes (in-vivo).The retainer clasps includes: Reverse circlet clasp and Modified Half-and-Half clasp assembly. Materials and methods: In-vitro study: Model RPD distal extension with three frameworks of different retainer units for stress analysis. In-vivo study: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, fifteen patients with completely edentulous maxilla and remaining mandibular eight anterior teeth including 1st premolar. They were randomly divided to three groups. All patients received maxillary complete denture. Group I: where distal extension RPD designed with Reverse circlet clasp. Group II: where distal extension RPD designed with modified halfandhalf clasp assembly without distal occlusal rest and retentive clasp arm arising from anterior occlusal rest. Group III: where distal extension RPD designed with modified Half and Half clasp assembly without distal occlusal rest and modified retentive clasp arm arising from proximal guiding plate. The abutment tooth was evaluated radio graphically by digital periapical radiographs after insertion, after 6 months and after 12months after denture insertion. Results: Group I (Reverse circlet clasp) significant increase in bone resorption of abutment compared to those in Group II and Group III (modified half-and-half clasp assembly). From stress point of view, in bilateral loading group I applied more stress to abutment compared to group II and III. Conclusion: Group II &III modified half-and-half clasp assemblies (stress releasing clasp assembly) superior to reverse circlet clasp regard to abutment alveolar bone resorption of distal extension cases. Reverse circlet clasp (Group I) not purely stress releasing by disengagement regarding double arm clasp utilize for this purpose. From stress transmitted point of view (bilateral loading), modified half-and-half clasp assembly (group II) exhibit less stresses transmitted to the abutment than exhibit in group III as a result obtained in this study (in-vitro) that minimize abutment alveolar bone resorption compared to group I to group II& III. This research recommends the application of a new stress releasing clasp designs for distal extension RPD (modified halfand-half clasp assemblies as in group II & III). These assemblies should be added to retainer units of stress releasing action by disengagement.
{"title":"Double-Arm Clasp with Anterior Placed Occlusal Rest Retained Mandibular Distal Extension Removable Partial Denture - Stress Analysis and Alveolar Bone Height Changes of Abutments.","authors":"H. Wageh, A. Mm, Salah A. Hegazy, Mostafa Az","doi":"10.9790/0853-160702114119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-160702114119","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: study the effect of double-arm clasps as retainer units for bilateral mandibular distal extension removable partial denture regard: Study of stress analysis applied on the abutments (in-vitro) and abutment alveolar bone height changes (in-vivo).The retainer clasps includes: Reverse circlet clasp and Modified Half-and-Half clasp assembly. Materials and methods: In-vitro study: Model RPD distal extension with three frameworks of different retainer units for stress analysis. In-vivo study: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, fifteen patients with completely edentulous maxilla and remaining mandibular eight anterior teeth including 1st premolar. They were randomly divided to three groups. All patients received maxillary complete denture. Group I: where distal extension RPD designed with Reverse circlet clasp. Group II: where distal extension RPD designed with modified halfandhalf clasp assembly without distal occlusal rest and retentive clasp arm arising from anterior occlusal rest. Group III: where distal extension RPD designed with modified Half and Half clasp assembly without distal occlusal rest and modified retentive clasp arm arising from proximal guiding plate. The abutment tooth was evaluated radio graphically by digital periapical radiographs after insertion, after 6 months and after 12months after denture insertion. Results: Group I (Reverse circlet clasp) significant increase in bone resorption of abutment compared to those in Group II and Group III (modified half-and-half clasp assembly). From stress point of view, in bilateral loading group I applied more stress to abutment compared to group II and III. Conclusion: Group II &III modified half-and-half clasp assemblies (stress releasing clasp assembly) superior to reverse circlet clasp regard to abutment alveolar bone resorption of distal extension cases. Reverse circlet clasp (Group I) not purely stress releasing by disengagement regarding double arm clasp utilize for this purpose. From stress transmitted point of view (bilateral loading), modified half-and-half clasp assembly (group II) exhibit less stresses transmitted to the abutment than exhibit in group III as a result obtained in this study (in-vitro) that minimize abutment alveolar bone resorption compared to group I to group II& III. This research recommends the application of a new stress releasing clasp designs for distal extension RPD (modified halfand-half clasp assemblies as in group II & III). These assemblies should be added to retainer units of stress releasing action by disengagement.","PeriodicalId":14489,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"114-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91079304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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