A total of 100 positive faecal samples were examined using floatation technique to detect strongylide eggs, were confirmed by PCR technique, faecal samples were storage by frozen in -20 ° C and DNA extraction by using phenol/chloroform/isoamylalcohol protocol. PCR leading to amplify the region of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (r DNA) of strongylide species, amplification by three different primers in separate reactions, in each reaction used species specific primer forward and a universal reverse primer to srongylide species NC2. Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp and Oesophagostomum columbianum prevalence rates were recorded as 47(47%), 4(4%) and (0%) respectively, Most commonly, small ruminants are affected by multiple strongylide nematodes, mixed infection between Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp was recorded 3(3%) Keyword: Strongylide, PCR, ITS-2, NC2, goats, Sudan.
{"title":"Molecular Method to Diagnosis of some Strongylide Nematode of goats in Nyala Area South Darfur State- Sudan","authors":"S. Hassan","doi":"10.9790/2380-1004025456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1004025456","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 100 positive faecal samples were examined using floatation technique to detect strongylide eggs, were confirmed by PCR technique, faecal samples were storage by frozen in -20 ° C and DNA extraction by using phenol/chloroform/isoamylalcohol protocol. PCR leading to amplify the region of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (r DNA) of strongylide species, amplification by three different primers in separate reactions, in each reaction used species specific primer forward and a universal reverse primer to srongylide species NC2. Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp and Oesophagostomum columbianum prevalence rates were recorded as 47(47%), 4(4%) and (0%) respectively, Most commonly, small ruminants are affected by multiple strongylide nematodes, mixed infection between Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp was recorded 3(3%) Keyword: Strongylide, PCR, ITS-2, NC2, goats, Sudan.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"54-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80460954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wheat is considered as a strategic crop and it occupies economic position in most of the world countries due to its nutrition importance ,it is a food resource of more than 35% of world population and it is considered the most importance cereal crop that covered the largest area grown by wheat on the earth surface .in spite of its importance, wheat production suffers a clear turbulence because farmers don’t go on planting wheat due to the gated net return reduction resulted by not using the new technical and scientific tools in farming besides bad management which is considered in general as the important limitation factor in agriculture in Iraq and in wheat cultivation in specific case. ,Abu-Graib region was chosen as an applicable model in this study. The data was collected by using questionnaires that were given to 72 farmers in AbuGhraib region in agricultural season 2014-2015 , and it formed 3.42% of wheat farms in the studied society and 2103 farmers . The research subjected analysis of revenues and costs items to study the economic efficiency by application of economic efficiency criterias and determine the technical efficiency on concept of the randomized border analysis after determination of the production logarithmic function by using Frontier program. , The result showed that all the farms achieved valuable economic income when the economic efficiency criterias were applied .Results showed values ,(profit , income net, farming return to Labor returns to farming management incomes and Benefit Cost ratio were ( 492246.88 , 470825.88 , 462078.8 , 29568.3 and 4.6 ) thousand dinars respectively.The best period to recover the capital was in the area farm group 31 donums and more, It reached to 0.20 .at break – even point was 16.12 tons and there was positive relation between rising income level and land area .The technical efficiency was determined according to stochastic frontier analysis model after determinations of transcendence logarithmic function by using Frontier program which pointed that the work and the capital had positive effect on yield production quantity when their increase in 1% ratio resulted to increase production to 0.36% and 0.64% respectively. The technical efficiency was 99%and this means that the farmers can increase the production to 1% without increase in the used economic resources.
{"title":"The Economic Efficiency of Wheat Farms in Baghdad Province (Abu-Ghraib), (In Iraq - 2015)","authors":"H. Mohammed","doi":"10.9790/2380-1005014046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1005014046","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is considered as a strategic crop and it occupies economic position in most of the world countries due to its nutrition importance ,it is a food resource of more than 35% of world population and it is considered the most importance cereal crop that covered the largest area grown by wheat on the earth surface .in spite of its importance, wheat production suffers a clear turbulence because farmers don’t go on planting wheat due to the gated net return reduction resulted by not using the new technical and scientific tools in farming besides bad management which is considered in general as the important limitation factor in agriculture in Iraq and in wheat cultivation in specific case. ,Abu-Graib region was chosen as an applicable model in this study. The data was collected by using questionnaires that were given to 72 farmers in AbuGhraib region in agricultural season 2014-2015 , and it formed 3.42% of wheat farms in the studied society and 2103 farmers . The research subjected analysis of revenues and costs items to study the economic efficiency by application of economic efficiency criterias and determine the technical efficiency on concept of the randomized border analysis after determination of the production logarithmic function by using Frontier program. , The result showed that all the farms achieved valuable economic income when the economic efficiency criterias were applied .Results showed values ,(profit , income net, farming return to Labor returns to farming management incomes and Benefit Cost ratio were ( 492246.88 , 470825.88 , 462078.8 , 29568.3 and 4.6 ) thousand dinars respectively.The best period to recover the capital was in the area farm group 31 donums and more, It reached to 0.20 .at break – even point was 16.12 tons and there was positive relation between rising income level and land area .The technical efficiency was determined according to stochastic frontier analysis model after determinations of transcendence logarithmic function by using Frontier program which pointed that the work and the capital had positive effect on yield production quantity when their increase in 1% ratio resulted to increase production to 0.36% and 0.64% respectively. The technical efficiency was 99%and this means that the farmers can increase the production to 1% without increase in the used economic resources.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80716786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samar Saad Mohamed Seoud, V. Zaki, G. Ahmed, Nevien K. Abd El-Khalek
Amyloodinium ocellatum, a dinoflagellate which causes one of the most serious diseases of marine aquaculture. It is one of the most important of the ectoparasitic protozoa. In this respect, the present study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of Amyloodiniosis among cultured European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fishes. The present study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of Amyloodiniosis among cultured European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fishes. This work was carried out on 1065 European seabass fishes of different life stages (546 fry-222 fingerling and 78 adults) which were collected in different seasons of the year. Cultured fish were collected from different marine farms in Egypt during the period from April 2015 to April 2016 and subjected to full clinical parasitological and histopathological examination studies. The interaction between the environmental stressors and Amyloodinium ocellatum Infestation were also analyzed. The ecological factors that affects Amyloodiniosis occurrence also be discussed in the present study. As well as examining the antiseptic activity of hydrogen peroxide against the ectoparasitic protozoan A. ocellatum as a preliminary trial for treatment. It was cleared that, the treatment with hydrogen peroxide with a concentration 20% in two doses 100ppm & 200ppm for two weeks was more effective, safe and excellent and that was confirmed through lower the load of parasitic infestation and recovery of infested fishes with no mortalities were recorded at the end of the treatment trial.
{"title":"Studies on Amyloodinium Infestation in European Seabass (Dicentrarchuslabrax.) Fishes with Special Reference for Treatment.","authors":"Samar Saad Mohamed Seoud, V. Zaki, G. Ahmed, Nevien K. Abd El-Khalek","doi":"10.9790/2380-1005022948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1005022948","url":null,"abstract":"Amyloodinium ocellatum, a dinoflagellate which causes one of the most serious diseases of marine aquaculture. It is one of the most important of the ectoparasitic protozoa. In this respect, the present study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of Amyloodiniosis among cultured European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fishes. The present study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of Amyloodiniosis among cultured European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fishes. This work was carried out on 1065 European seabass fishes of different life stages (546 fry-222 fingerling and 78 adults) which were collected in different seasons of the year. Cultured fish were collected from different marine farms in Egypt during the period from April 2015 to April 2016 and subjected to full clinical parasitological and histopathological examination studies. The interaction between the environmental stressors and Amyloodinium ocellatum Infestation were also analyzed. The ecological factors that affects Amyloodiniosis occurrence also be discussed in the present study. As well as examining the antiseptic activity of hydrogen peroxide against the ectoparasitic protozoan A. ocellatum as a preliminary trial for treatment. It was cleared that, the treatment with hydrogen peroxide with a concentration 20% in two doses 100ppm & 200ppm for two weeks was more effective, safe and excellent and that was confirmed through lower the load of parasitic infestation and recovery of infested fishes with no mortalities were recorded at the end of the treatment trial.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"68 1","pages":"29-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83161607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SDS-PAGE was used to evaluate and characterize the patterns of seed storage proteins in eight cultivars of Common bean.Electrophorogram for each variety was scored for presence and absence of protein band, which was transformed into a binary data matrix.Jaccards similarity coefficient, generated to determine the genetic similarity among cultivars, it revealed that most of the cultivars were genetically distant from each other. .Eight cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were investigated for genetic divergence based on seed protein profile using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Based on seed proteins, eleven maximum band were observed in B4 (Beans French yellow )and three minimum number of protein bands in B1 (BB) .The highest similarity index was observed in cultivar B2(Surbhi) 0.909 and lowest in B4(Beans French Yellow) and B6(Laffa) 0.272 in both cultivars .The highest dissimilarity value found in B4 and B6 0.728 in both the cultivars and lowest value in B2 cultivar 0.09 The un-weighted paired group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) exhibited two clusters A and B which were grouped into four sub-clusters I,II,III and IV. In broader spectrum, the genotypes from various sourcesdiffered in grouping and it was difficult to establish relationship between origin and cluster pattern. Particular clusters were better for specific traits that are suggested to utilize in crop improvement program. It is concluded that SDS-PAGE analysis of common bean seed storage protein is useful for evaluation of genetic variability and cultivars identification that help in common bean breeding program.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity in Cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L.by using Biochemical Markers.","authors":"M. Kapil, V. N. Nathar","doi":"10.9790/2380-1005012933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1005012933","url":null,"abstract":"SDS-PAGE was used to evaluate and characterize the patterns of seed storage proteins in eight cultivars of Common bean.Electrophorogram for each variety was scored for presence and absence of protein band, which was transformed into a binary data matrix.Jaccards similarity coefficient, generated to determine the genetic similarity among cultivars, it revealed that most of the cultivars were genetically distant from each other. .Eight cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were investigated for genetic divergence based on seed protein profile using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Based on seed proteins, eleven maximum band were observed in B4 (Beans French yellow )and three minimum number of protein bands in B1 (BB) .The highest similarity index was observed in cultivar B2(Surbhi) 0.909 and lowest in B4(Beans French Yellow) and B6(Laffa) 0.272 in both cultivars .The highest dissimilarity value found in B4 and B6 0.728 in both the cultivars and lowest value in B2 cultivar 0.09 The un-weighted paired group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) exhibited two clusters A and B which were grouped into four sub-clusters I,II,III and IV. In broader spectrum, the genotypes from various sourcesdiffered in grouping and it was difficult to establish relationship between origin and cluster pattern. Particular clusters were better for specific traits that are suggested to utilize in crop improvement program. It is concluded that SDS-PAGE analysis of common bean seed storage protein is useful for evaluation of genetic variability and cultivars identification that help in common bean breeding program.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87544282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loan repayment is crucial for the long-term sustenance of the credit institutions. But despite the repayment abilities of borrowers, studies showed that the loan repayment capacities of cooperative farmers in Ohaukwu LGA of Ebonyi state seems not to have been empirically documented. Both multistage and purposive sampling techniques were employed to generate data from 80 cooperative farmers using questionnaire administered as interview schedule. Data collected were analysed using both descriptive statistics percentages and mean, and inferential statistics – principal component factor analysis. Results showed that about 65 % of the cooperative farmers were of producer cooperative society while others belongs to either consumer or thrift and saving cooperative societies. The cooperative farmers repaid about 78 % of the total amount loan obtained. The study identified nature of investment, farm yield, household size, health condition of household member, time of loan disbursement, interest rate of the loan, amount of loan obtained, collateral value, and repayment conditions as the factors influencing cooperative farmers loan repayment, while high interest rate, amount of loan obtained, late disbursement, natural hazard, high illiteracy among co-operator, diversion of fund to nonfarm venture, family size, low farm output/income, and weather vagaries were identified as constraints to loan repayment among cooperative farmers. Based on the findings, the study recommended that financial institutions should address the issue of inadequate credit extended to cooperative farmers by increasing credit supply to them as such will help to improve productivity and income generation.
{"title":"Loan Repayment Capacity of Cooperative Farmers in Ohaukwu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"S. U. Nwibo, C. Nwakpu","doi":"10.9790/2380-1005014753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1005014753","url":null,"abstract":"Loan repayment is crucial for the long-term sustenance of the credit institutions. But despite the repayment abilities of borrowers, studies showed that the loan repayment capacities of cooperative farmers in Ohaukwu LGA of Ebonyi state seems not to have been empirically documented. Both multistage and purposive sampling techniques were employed to generate data from 80 cooperative farmers using questionnaire administered as interview schedule. Data collected were analysed using both descriptive statistics percentages and mean, and inferential statistics – principal component factor analysis. Results showed that about 65 % of the cooperative farmers were of producer cooperative society while others belongs to either consumer or thrift and saving cooperative societies. The cooperative farmers repaid about 78 % of the total amount loan obtained. The study identified nature of investment, farm yield, household size, health condition of household member, time of loan disbursement, interest rate of the loan, amount of loan obtained, collateral value, and repayment conditions as the factors influencing cooperative farmers loan repayment, while high interest rate, amount of loan obtained, late disbursement, natural hazard, high illiteracy among co-operator, diversion of fund to nonfarm venture, family size, low farm output/income, and weather vagaries were identified as constraints to loan repayment among cooperative farmers. Based on the findings, the study recommended that financial institutions should address the issue of inadequate credit extended to cooperative farmers by increasing credit supply to them as such will help to improve productivity and income generation.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79297716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.9790/2380-100501106109
F. Njonge
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of animals harbor a variety of parasites particularly helminths, which causes clinical and sub-clinical parasitism. These parasites adversely affect the health status of animals and cause enormous economic losses to the livestock industry. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of helminths in cattle of Kirinyaga County. Epidemiological data was collected using a questionnaire survey administered to 244 respondents while rectal faecal samples from 261 cattle were collected within a period of four months to determine helminths egg counts. Sampling of herbage was carried out from 6 communal grazing sites for analysis of infective nematode larvae levels in the pasture. The cattle were weighed and blood collected by jugular venipuncture to determine the Total Protein (TP). The prevalence of GIN in the study area were species of Haemonchus (59%), Trichostrongylus (26%), Nematodirus (5%) and Oesophagostomum (10%). The most prevalent infective nematode larvae species in herbage was Haemonchus (55%) followed by species of Trichostrongylus (23.8%) and Oesophagostomum (13.4%). Trematodes species of Fasciola, Shistosoma and Paramphistomum were seen to be common in zebu cattle with Schistosoma showing the highest prevalence of 19%. The Total Protein (TP) on 60% of the sampled cattle were within the normal range of between 6 and 8%. However, 5% of the animals had low level of TP. The study shows the epidemiological profile of cattle helminth infections and the results form the basis for recommending the control strategies of helminths in this area.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Helminths in Cattle of Kirinyaga County, Kenya","authors":"F. Njonge","doi":"10.9790/2380-100501106109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-100501106109","url":null,"abstract":"The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of animals harbor a variety of parasites particularly helminths, which causes clinical and sub-clinical parasitism. These parasites adversely affect the health status of animals and cause enormous economic losses to the livestock industry. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of helminths in cattle of Kirinyaga County. Epidemiological data was collected using a questionnaire survey administered to 244 respondents while rectal faecal samples from 261 cattle were collected within a period of four months to determine helminths egg counts. Sampling of herbage was carried out from 6 communal grazing sites for analysis of infective nematode larvae levels in the pasture. The cattle were weighed and blood collected by jugular venipuncture to determine the Total Protein (TP). The prevalence of GIN in the study area were species of Haemonchus (59%), Trichostrongylus (26%), Nematodirus (5%) and Oesophagostomum (10%). The most prevalent infective nematode larvae species in herbage was Haemonchus (55%) followed by species of Trichostrongylus (23.8%) and Oesophagostomum (13.4%). Trematodes species of Fasciola, Shistosoma and Paramphistomum were seen to be common in zebu cattle with Schistosoma showing the highest prevalence of 19%. The Total Protein (TP) on 60% of the sampled cattle were within the normal range of between 6 and 8%. However, 5% of the animals had low level of TP. The study shows the epidemiological profile of cattle helminth infections and the results form the basis for recommending the control strategies of helminths in this area.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"205 1","pages":"106-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78970862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satyajit Das, Masuk Ahmed Barbhuiya, Riazul Islam Barbhuiya, D. Kar
An attempt had been made to develop a comparative relationship between the length and the weight of Glossogobius giuris and also the Relative condition factor (Kn) collected from the river Singla which is the inlet of one of the biggest wetland, Sone Beel in the Karimganj district of Assam. During the study period the value of exponent ‘n’ in the equation W = cL n was found to be 1.47 for the species. The computed ‘t’ value indicated that the ‘n’ value of the species is significantly different from the expected value ‘3’ and hence the Cube Law W = cL n did not hold good in the case of Glossogobius giuris in the river. The correlation co-efficient (r) in Glossogobius giuris was found to be 1, indicating that there is high positive correlation between length and weight in the species. The relative condition factor (Kn = 1.523) remained greater than 1 for the species indicating their general well being to be good in the river.
{"title":"A study on the Length- Weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor in Glossogobius giuris found in River Singla in the Karimganj district of Assam, India.","authors":"Satyajit Das, Masuk Ahmed Barbhuiya, Riazul Islam Barbhuiya, D. Kar","doi":"10.9790/2380-1004026769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1004026769","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt had been made to develop a comparative relationship between the length and the weight of Glossogobius giuris and also the Relative condition factor (Kn) collected from the river Singla which is the inlet of one of the biggest wetland, Sone Beel in the Karimganj district of Assam. During the study period the value of exponent ‘n’ in the equation W = cL n was found to be 1.47 for the species. The computed ‘t’ value indicated that the ‘n’ value of the species is significantly different from the expected value ‘3’ and hence the Cube Law W = cL n did not hold good in the case of Glossogobius giuris in the river. The correlation co-efficient (r) in Glossogobius giuris was found to be 1, indicating that there is high positive correlation between length and weight in the species. The relative condition factor (Kn = 1.523) remained greater than 1 for the species indicating their general well being to be good in the river.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"67-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73223989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.9790/2380-10050197102
N. H. Moru, J. Umoh, B. Maikai, P. Barje, I. Adeyinka
Bovine mastitis has been known to cause considerable losses in the dairy industry. Knowledge of the occurrence and incidence of clinical mastitis in dairy cows is of great importance for monitoring the health status of the mammary glands, also in institution and implementation of control programs for the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of clinical mastitis in Friesian X Bunaji crossbred dairy cows in a Research farm in Zaria, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study which involved the use of passive data (lactation records) generated from 2000 to 2015 in the Dairy Research Programme of a National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika-Zaria. The prevalence of clinical mastitis was determined and the lactation curve for the Friesian x Bunaji cows was designed and analyzed using the Gamma Function by Wood(1967). The prevalence of clinical mastitis was found to increase with increasing parity number (0.30, 0.32 and 0.43 for parity 1, 2 and 3 respectively). High prevalence of clinical mastitis occurred in early lactation period of parity 1 cows, but highest prevalence was recorded during the late lactation period in parities 2 and 3 cows.
众所周知，牛乳腺炎会给乳制品行业造成相当大的损失。了解奶牛临床乳腺炎的发生和发病率对于监测乳腺的健康状况，以及制定和实施疾病控制方案具有重要意义。本研究的目的是确定在尼日利亚Zaria研究农场的Friesian X Bunaji杂交奶牛临床乳腺炎的发生情况。这是一项横断面研究，涉及使用2000年至2015年在Shika-Zaria国家动物生产研究所乳制品研究计划中产生的被动数据(泌乳记录)。测定乳腺炎的临床患病率，设计弗里斯和布纳吉奶牛的泌乳曲线，并使用Wood(1967)的Gamma函数进行分析。临床乳腺炎的患病率随着胎次的增加而增加(胎次1、2和3分别为0.30、0.32和0.43)。临床乳腺炎的高发发生在第1胎奶牛的泌乳早期，但最高的发生率发生在第2胎和第3胎奶牛的泌乳后期。
{"title":"Prevalence of Clinical Mastitis and the Suitability of Gamma Function in Predicting Milk Yield of Mastitic and Non-Mastitic Friesian x Bunaji Dairy Cows in Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"N. H. Moru, J. Umoh, B. Maikai, P. Barje, I. Adeyinka","doi":"10.9790/2380-10050197102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-10050197102","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine mastitis has been known to cause considerable losses in the dairy industry. Knowledge of the occurrence and incidence of clinical mastitis in dairy cows is of great importance for monitoring the health status of the mammary glands, also in institution and implementation of control programs for the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of clinical mastitis in Friesian X Bunaji crossbred dairy cows in a Research farm in Zaria, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study which involved the use of passive data (lactation records) generated from 2000 to 2015 in the Dairy Research Programme of a National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika-Zaria. The prevalence of clinical mastitis was determined and the lactation curve for the Friesian x Bunaji cows was designed and analyzed using the Gamma Function by Wood(1967). The prevalence of clinical mastitis was found to increase with increasing parity number (0.30, 0.32 and 0.43 for parity 1, 2 and 3 respectively). High prevalence of clinical mastitis occurred in early lactation period of parity 1 cows, but highest prevalence was recorded during the late lactation period in parities 2 and 3 cows.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"353 1","pages":"97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81331079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. U. Islam, A. Chhabra, S. S. Dhanda, O. Peerzada
One hundred diverse bread wheat genotypes were studied for various morpho-physiological traits under timely sown and late sown conditions. The experiment were conducted during the cropping seasons 201213 and 2013-14 at research area of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar. Yield and yield contributing traits were found significant under both conditions. The estimates of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance were high to moderate in timely sown and late sown conditions for the traits yield per plant, number of productive tillers, 1000 grain weight, spike length, number of spikelet per spike, flag leaf area, biological yield, cell membrane stability and grain filling rate. Correlation coefficients revealed that number of productive tillers, 1000 grain weight, number of grains per spike, biological yield, flag leaf area, cell membrane stability, grain filling duration and grain filling rate gave the positive associations with grain yield in both environments. Consequently, selection can be based on these traits in both environments for breeding of bread wheat under heat stress condition.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity, Heritability and Correlation Studies for Yield and its Components in Bread Wheat under Heat Stress Conditions","authors":"A. U. Islam, A. Chhabra, S. S. Dhanda, O. Peerzada","doi":"10.9790/2380-1005017177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1005017177","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred diverse bread wheat genotypes were studied for various morpho-physiological traits under timely sown and late sown conditions. The experiment were conducted during the cropping seasons 201213 and 2013-14 at research area of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar. Yield and yield contributing traits were found significant under both conditions. The estimates of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance were high to moderate in timely sown and late sown conditions for the traits yield per plant, number of productive tillers, 1000 grain weight, spike length, number of spikelet per spike, flag leaf area, biological yield, cell membrane stability and grain filling rate. Correlation coefficients revealed that number of productive tillers, 1000 grain weight, number of grains per spike, biological yield, flag leaf area, cell membrane stability, grain filling duration and grain filling rate gave the positive associations with grain yield in both environments. Consequently, selection can be based on these traits in both environments for breeding of bread wheat under heat stress condition.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89120887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hakim, A. Samy, Sohad M. Dorgham, S. Omara, E. Elgabry
Background: Pork by-products are appeared to be a source of consumer coagulase positive S. aureus strains food poisoning. Material and Methods: The genetic lineage of coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus (coa) recovered from 20 imported and 30 locally manufactured pork byproducts in Cairo was checked using PCR, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). Results: A total number of 27 S. aureus were isolated (54%), the coa gene was identified in 17 out of that isolates (62.9%) with molecular sizes ranging from 195 bp to 1196bp. The coa RFLP analysis using BsuRI revealed 4 different band patterns related to the source of isolates. The detection of 7 enterotoxigenic strains out of the 27 S. aureus isolates suggested the public health importance. Conclusion: There were different polymorphism patterns between local and imported isolates with the detection of enterotoxigenic genes represent a public health concern.
{"title":"Molecular Divergence of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Pork Byproducts Based on Coagulase Gene Polymorphism and The Presence of Enterotoxigenic genes","authors":"A. Hakim, A. Samy, Sohad M. Dorgham, S. Omara, E. Elgabry","doi":"10.9790/2380-1005013439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1005013439","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pork by-products are appeared to be a source of consumer coagulase positive S. aureus strains food poisoning. Material and Methods: The genetic lineage of coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus (coa) recovered from 20 imported and 30 locally manufactured pork byproducts in Cairo was checked using PCR, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). Results: A total number of 27 S. aureus were isolated (54%), the coa gene was identified in 17 out of that isolates (62.9%) with molecular sizes ranging from 195 bp to 1196bp. The coa RFLP analysis using BsuRI revealed 4 different band patterns related to the source of isolates. The detection of 7 enterotoxigenic strains out of the 27 S. aureus isolates suggested the public health importance. Conclusion: There were different polymorphism patterns between local and imported isolates with the detection of enterotoxigenic genes represent a public health concern.","PeriodicalId":14496,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75576065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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