{"title":"Calculation and Characterization of the EEJ Current Density from Ground-Based Magnetometer Data Using Ampere’s Law","authors":"L. Abebe, Gebeyehu Dirbeba","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903014753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903014753","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"73 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75705644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.9790/4861-090301111116
D. Abraham, U. Sankar, S. Perumal, P. Selvarajan
The field of nonlinear optics became practically a reality after the invention of laser. High Performance electro-optic switching elements for telecommunications and optical information processing are based on materials with high nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The development and encroachment of high technology, from transportation, computation to information is based on the availability of materials in the form of single crystals. An semi organic nonlinear optical single crystal of Glycine Guanidine Nitrate (GLGN) has been grown by the aqueous solution of α -Glycine and Guanidine Nitrate by slow evaporation of the saturated solution at room temperature. Single crystal of (GLGN), an semi organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material, has been grown by slow solvent evaporation technique. Good optical quality single crystals with dimension up to 31 × 30 × 7 mm 3 are obtained. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the presence of monoclinic structure with space group. The crystals are characterized by optical absorption spectrum, FTIR and X-ray diffraction studies The mechanical and Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) study of the grown crystals are also investigated.
激光的发明使非线性光学领域的研究成为现实。用于通信和光信息处理的高性能电光开关元件是基于具有高非线性光学(NLO)特性的材料。从运输、计算到信息，高科技的发展和侵入都是以单晶形式的材料的可用性为基础的。采用α -甘氨酸和硝酸胍水溶液在室温下缓慢蒸发的方法，制备了半有机非线性光学单晶GLGN。单晶(GLGN)是一种半有机非线性光学(NLO)材料，采用慢速溶剂蒸发法制备。获得了尺寸达31 × 30 × 7 mm 3的光学质量良好的单晶。单晶x射线衍射(XRD)研究发现其存在带空间基团的单斜结构。利用光学吸收光谱、红外光谱和x射线衍射对晶体进行了表征，并对生长晶体的力学分析、差热分析(DTA)和热重分析(TGA)进行了研究。
{"title":"Studies of Glycine Guanidine Nitrate single crystals In the Aqueous Solution of α-Glycine and Guanidine Nitrate.","authors":"D. Abraham, U. Sankar, S. Perumal, P. Selvarajan","doi":"10.9790/4861-090301111116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-090301111116","url":null,"abstract":"The field of nonlinear optics became practically a reality after the invention of laser. High Performance electro-optic switching elements for telecommunications and optical information processing are based on materials with high nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The development and encroachment of high technology, from transportation, computation to information is based on the availability of materials in the form of single crystals. An semi organic nonlinear optical single crystal of Glycine Guanidine Nitrate (GLGN) has been grown by the aqueous solution of α -Glycine and Guanidine Nitrate by slow evaporation of the saturated solution at room temperature. Single crystal of (GLGN), an semi organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material, has been grown by slow solvent evaporation technique. Good optical quality single crystals with dimension up to 31 × 30 × 7 mm 3 are obtained. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the presence of monoclinic structure with space group. The crystals are characterized by optical absorption spectrum, FTIR and X-ray diffraction studies The mechanical and Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) study of the grown crystals are also investigated.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":"111-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82369242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Semiconducting mercury chromium sulfide thin films were deposited on glass substrate using simple, quick chemical bath deposition method using the mixed aqueous solution of mercury chloride, chromium trioxide, thiourea, EDTA and ammonia. The EDTA was used as the complexing agent. The preparative parameters such as temperature, molar concentration, deposition time and thiourea concentration have been optimized. Thin films of HgxCr2-xS4 (X=0.2) with different thickness were prepared by changing the deposition time at 65 0 c. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical studies were performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-VIS spectrophotometer and TEP methods respectively. The films are very adherent to the substrate and cubic structure in nature with the preferential orientation (2 2 0). The optical studies showed a film of direct band gap is 2.13eV. Thermoelectric properties show a positive sign exhibiting Ptype semiconducting nature of film.
{"title":"Structural, Optical and Thermoelectrical Properties of Mercury Chromium Sulfide Thin Films Deposited By Novel Chemical Route","authors":"H. Patil, S. Borse, R. R. Ahire","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903020814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903020814","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconducting mercury chromium sulfide thin films were deposited on glass substrate using simple, quick chemical bath deposition method using the mixed aqueous solution of mercury chloride, chromium trioxide, thiourea, EDTA and ammonia. The EDTA was used as the complexing agent. The preparative parameters such as temperature, molar concentration, deposition time and thiourea concentration have been optimized. Thin films of HgxCr2-xS4 (X=0.2) with different thickness were prepared by changing the deposition time at 65 0 c. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical studies were performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-VIS spectrophotometer and TEP methods respectively. The films are very adherent to the substrate and cubic structure in nature with the preferential orientation (2 2 0). The optical studies showed a film of direct band gap is 2.13eV. Thermoelectric properties show a positive sign exhibiting Ptype semiconducting nature of film.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"08-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83505721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study of the possible exposure to ionizing radiation from home viewing monitors and office computer monitor screens at normal distances of 0.5m and 1.0m and the environmental background level within university of Port Harcourt, Nigeria has been carried out using 18 different models of computer monitors and 15 deferent models of television sets. Radiation measurements were carried out insitu using Digilert 50 nuclear radiation monitor (SE INTERNATONAL INC, SUMMER TOWN USA) which is optimized to measure average exposure rate. The measured exposure rate ranged between 08.00± 0.80 μRh ̄1 (3.56 ± 0.36 μSv / week) to 20.00± 3.20 μRh ̄1 (8.90 ± 1.42 μSv / week) for computer monitors and 11.00± 1.20μRh ̄1 (5.26± 1.00 μSv / week) to 23.00±4.40 μRh ̄1(10.24 ± 1.96 μSv / week) for television sets, with B.I.R level range of 6.00μRh ̄1 to 13.00μRh ̄1. Dell computer monitors and 21”Toshiba television sets have the respective highest exposure rate. Samsung computer monitors and television sets were observed to emit the lowest amount of radiation and considered safest among the investigated products. A comparison of radiation from the computer monitors and television sets show that television sets emit more ionizing radiation than computers monitors. The overall result shows that the average exposure rate obtained are within the radiation limit of 0.2mSv/week recommended by ICRP, thus computer operators and television viewers using those models are exposed to radiation levels that may not be hazardous. Keyword: Radiation level, computer monitor television screens, university community.
{"title":"Radiation Emission Levels From Monitor Screens of Some Residential and Office Electronic Equipments within A University Community in Nigeria","authors":"R. Meindinyo, G. Ogobiri, E. Agbalagba","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903024346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903024346","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the possible exposure to ionizing radiation from home viewing monitors and office computer monitor screens at normal distances of 0.5m and 1.0m and the environmental background level within university of Port Harcourt, Nigeria has been carried out using 18 different models of computer monitors and 15 deferent models of television sets. Radiation measurements were carried out insitu using Digilert 50 nuclear radiation monitor (SE INTERNATONAL INC, SUMMER TOWN USA) which is optimized to measure average exposure rate. The measured exposure rate ranged between 08.00± 0.80 μRh ̄1 (3.56 ± 0.36 μSv / week) to 20.00± 3.20 μRh ̄1 (8.90 ± 1.42 μSv / week) for computer monitors and 11.00± 1.20μRh ̄1 (5.26± 1.00 μSv / week) to 23.00±4.40 μRh ̄1(10.24 ± 1.96 μSv / week) for television sets, with B.I.R level range of 6.00μRh ̄1 to 13.00μRh ̄1. Dell computer monitors and 21”Toshiba television sets have the respective highest exposure rate. Samsung computer monitors and television sets were observed to emit the lowest amount of radiation and considered safest among the investigated products. A comparison of radiation from the computer monitors and television sets show that television sets emit more ionizing radiation than computers monitors. The overall result shows that the average exposure rate obtained are within the radiation limit of 0.2mSv/week recommended by ICRP, thus computer operators and television viewers using those models are exposed to radiation levels that may not be hazardous. Keyword: Radiation level, computer monitor television screens, university community.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"71 1","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85132329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dielectric dispersion of a glycerol (lipid) and a globular protein casein (the most abundant protein in milk) have been investigated by means of a resonance technique over the frequency range 0.1 ± 50 MHz for three concentrations and at a mean room temperature of 24 0.5 0 C.The study revealed that casein exhibited beta-dispersion and has while the glycerol did not. The dielectric parameters of the protein like the dielectric increment, relaxation frequency and relaxation time show some dependence on concentration, and the sample studied displayed more than a single relaxation time indicating that the Cole-Cole structural model is better than the single Debye model in explaining its structural properties, whereas this is not the case with the glycerol. The large values of the Cole-Cole spread parameter,α also suggest structural heterogeneity of the casein molecule in solution. The average dipole moment of 386 ± 16D when compared with other globular proteins could mean some degree of asymmetry of the electric change distribution, of the casein molecules in solution. As for the glycerol it does not exhibit any degree of asymmetry as the curve is almost parallel to the frequency axis.
{"title":"Dielectric Characteristic of a Glycerol and a Globular Protein in Solution","authors":"Meindinyo, R.O.K, L. A.A.","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903013339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903013339","url":null,"abstract":"The dielectric dispersion of a glycerol (lipid) and a globular protein casein (the most abundant protein in milk) have been investigated by means of a resonance technique over the frequency range 0.1 ± 50 MHz for three concentrations and at a mean room temperature of 24 0.5 0 C.The study revealed that casein exhibited beta-dispersion and has while the glycerol did not. The dielectric parameters of the protein like the dielectric increment, relaxation frequency and relaxation time show some dependence on concentration, and the sample studied displayed more than a single relaxation time indicating that the Cole-Cole structural model is better than the single Debye model in explaining its structural properties, whereas this is not the case with the glycerol. The large values of the Cole-Cole spread parameter,α also suggest structural heterogeneity of the casein molecule in solution. The average dipole moment of 386 ± 16D when compared with other globular proteins could mean some degree of asymmetry of the electric change distribution, of the casein molecules in solution. As for the glycerol it does not exhibit any degree of asymmetry as the curve is almost parallel to the frequency axis.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"54 1","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86924266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.9790/4861-090301117124
M. Abo-Ghazala, N. M. Abdel-Moniem, M. A. Buhairi, A. Ali
{"title":"Crystallization Kinetics and Thermal Stability of Ge100-X Sbx Amorphous Alloys","authors":"M. Abo-Ghazala, N. M. Abdel-Moniem, M. A. Buhairi, A. Ali","doi":"10.9790/4861-090301117124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-090301117124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76804665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The grand unification basically provides unification of strong, hypercharge and weak couplings by the gauge group of standard model, SU(3)⊗SU(2)⊗U(1) having coupling constants for each group and Weinberg angle. In this paper the convergence of coupling constants is achieved using SU(5) model at GeV energy level, although earlier it was turned out that in the SU(5) model, the coupling constants do not come together at one point at energies of GeV scale. The value of Clebsch-Gordon coefficient is modified taking into account the vacuum polarization function; as the running coupling constants of the gauge group SU(3)⊗SU(2)⊗U(1) can be calculated only from vacuum polarization. The obtained value for sinθWis sinθW = 0.233 + 0.00276/-0.00243 and accordingly θW varies from 28.717° to 29.068°. The calculated value of coupling constant is αun = 0.034016
{"title":"Grand Unification: Modified Value of CGCoefficient For SU(5) Model Using Vacuum Polarization","authors":"Mahima Dhingra","doi":"10.9790/4861-0902026164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0902026164","url":null,"abstract":"The grand unification basically provides unification of strong, hypercharge and weak couplings by the gauge group of standard model, SU(3)⊗SU(2)⊗U(1) having coupling constants for each group and Weinberg angle. In this paper the convergence of coupling constants is achieved using SU(5) model at GeV energy level, although earlier it was turned out that in the SU(5) model, the coupling constants do not come together at one point at energies of GeV scale. The value of Clebsch-Gordon coefficient is modified taking into account the vacuum polarization function; as the running coupling constants of the gauge group SU(3)⊗SU(2)⊗U(1) can be calculated only from vacuum polarization. The obtained value for sinθWis sinθW = 0.233 + 0.00276/-0.00243 and accordingly θW varies from 28.717° to 29.068°. The calculated value of coupling constant is αun = 0.034016","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"117 1","pages":"61-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79379780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ismail, M. H. Wasfy, I. abdul-Magead, I. Kandil
We investigated the effect of the deformation orders β6 & β8 on the fusion barrier parameters (namely; Coulomb barrier VB and its radius RB), using two methods the double folded model (DFM) using M3Y Reid nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction with the zero range exchange term and proximity approach (PROX) which is composed of proximity 2000DP for calculating the nuclear part and Denisov potential for Coulomb part. It was found that PROX shows some abnormalities in the effect of the deformation order β6 & β8 on orientation dependence of the fusion barrier parameters.
{"title":"Effects of the deformation orders β6 & β8 on the fusion parameters for spherical-deformed interacting pair","authors":"M. Ismail, M. H. Wasfy, I. abdul-Magead, I. Kandil","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903016781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903016781","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the effect of the deformation orders β6 & β8 on the fusion barrier parameters (namely; Coulomb barrier VB and its radius RB), using two methods the double folded model (DFM) using M3Y Reid nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction with the zero range exchange term and proximity approach (PROX) which is composed of proximity 2000DP for calculating the nuclear part and Denisov potential for Coulomb part. It was found that PROX shows some abnormalities in the effect of the deformation order β6 & β8 on orientation dependence of the fusion barrier parameters.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"107 1","pages":"67-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77449887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The angular distribution of pions, elastically scattered from a number of nuclei between Li and Sn are studied in terms of the strong absorption model of Frahn and Venter[1-2] using the three parameters version of this model .We find that a reasonably good description to the angular distribution of experimental elastic scattering data is possible. The best fit parameters of the model are the cut-off angular momentum Λ, the rounding parameter and the real nuclear phase shift μ. The interaction radius R, the surface diffuseness d and the reaction cross-section R are determined from these parameter values. From such an analysis, the SAM parameters are unique whereas the optical model parameters suffer from discrete and continuous ambiguities and that is why the parameters of the optical model are not unique.
{"title":"Strong Absorption model for the studying of Pion-Nuclei Elastic Scattering","authors":"R. Mallick, D. R. Sarker","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903014046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903014046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The angular distribution of pions, elastically scattered from a number of nuclei between Li and Sn are studied in terms of the strong absorption model of Frahn and Venter[1-2] using the three parameters version of this model .We find that a reasonably good description to the angular distribution of experimental elastic scattering data is possible. The best fit parameters of the model are the cut-off angular momentum Λ, the rounding parameter and the real nuclear phase shift μ. The interaction radius R, the surface diffuseness d and the reaction cross-section R are determined from these parameter values. From such an analysis, the SAM parameters are unique whereas the optical model parameters suffer from discrete and continuous ambiguities and that is why the parameters of the optical model are not unique.","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"44 1","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88631378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiation Dose Effect of Thermo luminescence on γ-Al2O3: C","authors":"Aligba, E. H., Akaagerger B. N, Iortile, J. T","doi":"10.9790/4861-0903010710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0903010710","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14502,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"111 1","pages":"07-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80670258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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